CN104420550A

CN104420550A - Energy-saving heat insulation wall

Info

Publication number: CN104420550A
Application number: CN201410052464.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴淑环
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2013-09-02
Filing date: 2014-02-17
Publication date: 2015-03-18

Abstract

The invention provides an energy-saving heat insulation wall, which relates to a building wall and aims at solving the problems that a thin coat plastering heat insulation wall is poor in fire protection, more in wet operations and high in manufacturing cost, has influence to energy conservation, etc. The energy-saving heat insulation wall can be constructed into the following structures: 1, the wall comprises a base layer wall, a prefabricated heat insulation board and an anchor bolt, wherein a protective layer is arranged on the side surface of a heat insulation layer of the prefabricated heat insulation board, the heat insulation layer is connected with the protective layer, the prefabricated heat insulation board is arranged on the side surface of the base layer wall, and the anchor bolt penetrates through the prefabricated heat insulation board, so that the prefabricated heat insulation board is fixed with the base layer wall, or the prefabricated heat insulation board is bonded with the base layer wall by cementing material, or is connected with the base layer wall in a clamping way; 2, the wall comprises a base layer wall, a heat insulation layer, an anchor bolt and a protective layer, wherein the heat insulation layer is arranged on the side surface of the base layer wall, the prefabricated board protection layer is arranged at the outer side of the heat insulation layer, and the anchor bolt penetrates through the prefabricated board protection layer and the heat insulation layer, or the prefabricated board protection layer is connected with the heat insulation layer in a bonding way, so that the prefabricated board protection layer is fixed with the heat insulation layer and the base layer wall. The energy-saving heat insulation wall is fireproof and safe during construction and during long-time application, and is convenient in prefabrication and installation, low in manufacturing cost and good in energy conservation and heat insulation, thus promoting housing industrialization.

Description

A kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of building energy conservation heat insulation body of wall.

Background technology

Test proves, it is effective that thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall arranges fire barrier to intercept fire spread, but sacrifice layer scope is large: three layers ~ one deck.The quality of thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall topping early China is extremely difficult to control, and the quality problems of Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh fracture are at almost ubiquity, once the serious situation of catching fire there is Hong combustion, worked hardly in fire barrier.

And containing macromolecule adhesive in the topping of the thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall of organic insulation material, topping is combustible inherently, this is the basic reason of thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall fire hazard when adopting organic insulation material.

Inorganic heat insulation material burning-point lower and and when having air between thin-coat plaster topping; as installed the heat-preserving wall of rock wool thin-coat plaster, also burn when reaching the burning-point of rock wool, and thin-coat plaster topping durability is bad; after cracking, rock wool is under the degrading of wind and rain, will destroy very soon.

After China's body of wall big fire several times, Ministry of Public Security 65# literary composition forbidding organic insulation material in 2011, so a lot of investigation of materials personnel do inorganic heat insulation material research in the industry, but inorganic heat insulation material also has a lot of problem:

Producing rock wool process is high energy consumption, high pollution process, can not popularize in an all-round way, we can not building energy conservation, one side high energy consumption, high pollution, inorganic heat insulation material cost is high.

Foam cement has occurred for many years, the external heat insulating wall of organic insulation material catches fire, make foam cement intimately, but foam cement also has problems, as quality fluctuation scope is large, (coefficient of thermal conductivity is higher, coefficient of thermal conductivity fluctuation range is large, dimensional stability is difficult to control, freezing and thawing performance is difficult to control, in the future once the heat-preserving wall that goes wrong is by efflorescence etc.), Heavy Weight, once install insecure, fall down danger, now in external wall insulation project almost without foam cement.

And inorganic heat insulation material can not meet market demand, the supply of goods one, the Harbin City urban applications not enough of such as rock wool.After Ministry of Public Security 65# in 2011 literary composition is issued, the external wall outer insulation engineering overwhelming majority founded a capital in the whole nation is stopped work, the main or handy organic insulation material of last external wall outer insulation.

China is regulation at present, during highrise building organic insulation material, the combustibility of organic insulation material should reach nonflammable B1 level, and the provinces and cities even had specify, the flammability of all engineering heat insulating materials is all not less than B1 level, has raised the cost of body of wall energy-saving heat preserving engineering.

China just promulgates " the Fire Test method of External Thermal Insulation System " GB/T29416, and this standard was carried out from October 1st, 2013: GB/T29416 specifies that experimental rig is in indoor construction, does not just have wind in laboratory test.Wind-force is different along with insulation layer thickness difference on the impact of fire, and insulation layer is thinner, and wind-force size is less to influence of fire; Otherwise insulation thickness, when catching fire, combustible is many, and wind-force is greatly with regard to danger close.

The construction scope of highrise building is large, and top wind-force is about 2 times of bottom wind-force, and fitful wind increases again wind-force (specifies in " loading code for design of building structures " GB50009) more than 2 times.

Build the passive type energy saving house of pole low energy consumption, although adopt the EPS plate of coefficient of thermal conductivity 0.032w/m.k, EPS plate also needs 250 ~ 300mm thick.Because heat insulating material is thick, when catching fire, fuel is too many, and fire hazard is just very large, therefore thinks that highrise building can not build passive type energy saving house in the world, but China city build in a large number in major part build highrise building exactly.

The fireproof performance of the topping increasing heat insulating material is only had to be only the basic way solving external heat insulating wall fire savety.If but increasing protective layer thickness such as reaches 40 ~ 50mm, be almost infeasible in construction.

Applicant has applied for several external heat insulating wall patent, improve a lot than the fireproof performance of present thin-coat plaster external heat insulating wall, energy-saving heat preserving performance, but plaster in existence scene, wet trade is many, the problem that construction is inconvenient, still there is infeasible problem when requiring thicker of plastering, and still there is fire safety potential problem in construction, still need the expensive heat insulating material needing to be not less than B1 level by flammability in most engineering.

The fire safety in construction and installation should be solved, also will ensure fire safety in its use long-term simultaneously, and convenient construction, reduce cost, the present invention proposes a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall, to solve the problem described in background technology.

One of a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall of the present invention, it comprises base course wall, precast heated board, crab-bolt;

Described precast heated board comprises insulation layer, topping, and at the side matcoveredn of insulation layer, insulation layer is connected with topping;

The insulation layer of described precast heated board is inorganic heat insulation material or organic insulation material, or is the composite heat-insulating layer of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material, or is the mixed material of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material;

Described topping is prefabricated panels topping; Or topping is the composite bed of prefabricated panels and plaster skin coat; Topping has and necessarily prevents fire spread performance;

Precast heated board and base course wall be connected with under type, select the 1st) plant connect or the 1st) with the 2nd) plants and is connected, or the 1st) and the 3rd) plant and be connected, or all to select:

1), by precast heated board be placed in base course wall side, or precast heated board is set in the side of the base course wall of cast-in-situ concrete, by crab-bolt through precast heated board, precast heated board and base course wall are fixed;

2), insulation layer inner surface is non-burnishing surface, and being formed between the insulation layer of precast heated board and the base course wall of cast-in-situ concrete is connected together constructs;

3), bond with cementitious materials between precast heated board and base course wall;

Connect between precast heated board, form a kind of assembled energy-saving heat-preserving wall installing precast heated board.

A kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall two of the present invention, it comprises base course wall, insulation layer, prefabricated panels topping, crab-bolt; Described insulation layer is arranged on the side of base course wall; Prefabricated panels topping is positioned at the outside of insulation layer;

Prefabricated panels topping is fixed on insulation layer and has following 2 kinds of methods, select the 1st kind install or select 2 kinds of installations simultaneously:

1), crab-bolt through prefabricated panels topping, insulation layer, prefabricated panels topping and insulation layer and base course wall are fixed;

2), bonding connection between prefabricated panels topping and insulation layer, or bonding connection adds non-burnishing surface and is connected together;

Form a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall installing prefabricated panels topping.

The difference of the present invention and public technology is:

1, embodiment of the present invention one directly fixes precast heated board by crab-bolt, the outside matcoveredn of precast heated board.

In outer wall heat insulating engineering; insulation layer is fixed very general by crab-bolt; such as fix insulation layer with plastic expanding nail; but public technology does not pass precast heated board by crab-bolt; the precast heated board of fixing side band matcoveredn, forms regulation or the case history of the assembling external heat insulating wall installing precast heated board.

The precast heated board insulation layer 15-3 of embodiment one is to be the composite heat-insulating layer of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material, and see Figure 25, external insulation layer 15-3-1 is alumina silicate PLASTIC LAMINATED, and base insulating layer 15-3-2 is polymer thermal insulative material.

Above 2 neither prior art, neither be apparent, this has the following fact to be basis:

1), from Chinese outer wall heat insulating situation analysis

As aforementioned, inorganic heat insulation material can not extensive use, thinking will improve the fire resistance of organic insulation material routinely, make it bring up to the B1 level of nonflammable by the B2 level of flame retardant type, but fire retardant is expensive, causes heat insulating material price significantly to go up, building exterior wall heat preserving cost is significantly gone up, and the fire safety be helpless in building Long-Time Service, and a lot of fire retardant is dispersed in air gradually, has pollution to environment.

Present density 30kg/m ³b1 level difficulty combustion graphite EPS plate price more than 700 yuan/m ³, and B2 level flame retardant type EPS plate price about 320 yuan/m ³.But so-called difficult combustion is only that electric welding spark can not ignite, once breaking out of fire in building Long-Time Service, when reaching polyphenyl plate more than 500 degree burning-point, nonflammable B1 level EPS plate is the same with flame retardant type B2 level EPS plate to catch fire.Now towards the passive type energy saving house future development of pole low energy consumption, the whole nation has three place's passive type energy saving house pilot projects at present, wall heat transfer coefficient is only present Beijing, Harbin requires 25 ~ 30% of energy-saving wall thermal transmittance, requires that wall heat transfer coefficient is not more than 0.15w/m ².k.When adopting the thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall generally applied, thermal transmittance 0.15w/m ².k body of wall needs polystyrene block EPS thickness 300mm, and cost reaches more than 200 yuan/m ².

The present invention is not the insulation layer of naked of installation, but by the side compound up-protective layer of insulation layer, forms the precast heated board of side matcoveredn, penetrate installation by crab-bolt, forms the assembled heat insulation body of wall of the precast heated board installing side band matcoveredn.

Current China to such an extent as in world wide, promote thinking that assembled architecture installs only to be confined to assembling and major structure of construction and assembling to be installed whole construction wall (energy-saving heat-insulating wall or non-energy-saving heat-insulating wall) is installed, also do not expect in wall thermal insulation technology, to carry out assembling installation.

Topping of the present invention prevents fire spread performance obviously far away higher than the insulation layer of thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall.

Cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board are inorganic material, and its coefficient of thermal conductivity, generally in 0.35w/m.k, when its thickness 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, is equivalent to the thermal resistance of cement mortar protective course thick 23mm, 29mm, 34mm respectively, therefore prevents fire spread performance good.No matter in precast heated board storeroom or after installing wall, even if a certain piece of precast heated board catches fire, flame is all difficult to spread, fire safety during construction.When adopting strand board topping, can take precautions against fire by wooden construction pertinent regulations.Therefore, make precast heated board with B2 level EPS plate and just can meet fire savety requirement in construction and installation, 300mm thick B2 level EPS plate can reduce cost 100 yuan/m ²more than.If embodiment one is apparent words, the combustibility just without requiring organic insulation material is increased to B1 level by B2 level, not only increases considerably cost, and is helpless to the fire savety in Long-Time Service, and situ wet operation is many, not easily ensures workmanship.

When insulation layer be inorganic heat insulation material as rock wool time, embodiment one also must improve the flameproof protection to rock wool.

Only from the fire safety improving the fireproof performance of heat insulating material and solve energy-saving heat-insulating wall be conventional thinking.

China has to widely apply thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall in order to energy security, but other countries' application seldom, and at present only in the application of Northern Europe a few countries, but the construction scope in Northern Europe is much smaller, mostly only has hundreds of square meter, mutual distance; China 10000m ²the building of scale is Minor Construction, and building density is large, becomes the forest of fuel after building up.Thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall directly threatens people's livelihood safety and defense strategy safety, once there is war, city will be sea of flame.

The patented technology that applicant has been announced; thin-coat plaster topping is become the thick topping of plastering doing to be hung by concrete hanging top or supporting, reinforcing bar, gauze wire cloth; the fire safety of external heat insulating wall in the Long-Time Service stage can be ensured; but be still helpless to construction stage fire safety; still with the B1 level organic insulation material of nonflammable, the cost of external heat insulating wall can not lower.And for improving the fireproof performance of heat-preserving wall, when needing topping very thick, manually plaster and thicken in very difficult scene, and increase building weight.But adopt the prefabricated panels topping of cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board, its density is little, coefficient of thermal conductivity is low, thermal resistance is large, lightweight.Embodiment one reaches following object simultaneously:

1) construction stage fire safety is met; 2) available B2 level heat insulating material, significantly reduces cost; 3) also can ensure the fire safety in Long-Time Service, and reduce scene and to plaster wet trade, accelerating construction progress, promotes Process of Housing Industrialization; 4) the present invention is easily by adjustment prefabricated panels protective layer thickness, kind, meets different fire protection requirements, does not relate to on-the-spot increase depth of plastering, easy construction.Calcium silicate board has 6 crystallizations water, and the performances such as other durability also can meet the demands, and recommend to select.

In China's Energy situation, environment situation so severe period; why nobody expects in exterior wall exterior insulation work; by the structure of embodiment one, precast heated board is installed; be formed with the assembling external heat insulating wall of external protection? this is because embodiment one is not that thinking solves external wall outer insulation Problems existing routinely, it is not apparent.

2), from world environments situation analysis:

The United Nations once issued report display in March, 2007, and the emission reduction effect that green building and building energy conservation are contained is greater than all greenhouse gas emissions required in Kyoto Protocol, is equivalent to three times of the predetermined CER of Kyoto Protocol.As can be seen here, building energy conservation is very important to minimizing greenhouse gas emission.

In spring in this year, the World Bank delivers report and warns: " unless taked more multirow to move to climate warming, otherwise global temperatures will rise four degrees Celsius again in the end of this century.The whole world is faced with that sea level rise, the danger of food shortages, extreme weather conditions, and this will make coastal cities and the poor in the face of catastrophic effect ".The World Bank on November 18th, 2012 issue report to claim, climate change is one of ultimate challenge of facing of global evolution, and be descendants's meter, various countries should undertake respective moral duty, minimizing greenhouse gas emission of conscientiously taking action.……

Although global energy situation, environment situation are so severe, in the world many countries still do not admit the current extensive application of China, be easy to the thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall technology of catching fire, the such as state such as the U.S., Russia.Dangerous because not only to prevent fires at ordinary times, and occur once generation war or terrorist activity, the city of thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall is just easy to catch fire everywhere, even becomes sea of flame, and people do not hide part, are in extremely passive, dangerous situation by making country.We see in Mideast Asian war, the war in Iraq, Afghan War, and they are non-energy saving buildings, not because war makes city become sea of flame.The topping of thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall does not have the performance preventing fire spread, needs to arrange the fire barrier up to 300mm, but sacrifice layer scope too large (three layers ~ one deck).

Whole world existing building is non-energy saving building in a large number, and new building is also non-energy saving building, or the energy saving building that heat bridge is many, energy-saving heat preserving effect is bad, and this makes building energy consumption in world wide remain high.The situation of whole world building energy conservation greatly affects Global Emissions of Greenhouse Gas, the United Nations repeatedly holds a meeting to study and reduces greenhouse gas emission matters, countries in the world are often difficult to reach an agreement, why who can be unwilling to reduce discharging? applicant is thought, does is one of major reason caused by a lot of technical problem does not solve, otherwise how not to reduce discharging?

China's building energy conservation, wall reform are in progress the difficult fact for a long time, and the situation of global building energy conservation all illustrates that embodiment one is not that thinking solves wall thermal insulation technology Problems existing routinely, is not apparent.

China and even the whole world all think that wall technology relies on novel wall material to solve, but any material has its pluses and minuses, only a kind of material is relied on to make wall technology be difficult to have breakthrough progress, although so the Chinese government over two, 30 years for building energy conservation, wall reform drop into a large amount of nursery finance, building energy conservation, wall reform progress still difficult.

Only have with multi-subject knowledge, multiple material, play the advantage of different materials, avoid its shortcoming, different materials is combined, optimize the difficult point that wall structure just can capture wall thermal insulating power-saving technology, solve the problems of wall technology, instead of only rely on a certain novel wall material just can solve the problems of assembling wall technology.

2, embodiment of the present invention two, 13, also paste in the indoor of base course wall and prefabricated panels topping is installed, or paste the composite bed topping installing prefabricated panels and plaster skin coat, described topping, indoor protection layer are the prefabricated panels topping meeting some strength; Can increase substantially the antidetonation of energy-saving heat-insulating wall, wind loading rating, be that existing building technology is unexistent, neither be apparent.

The structure of embodiment two, 13 utilizes the prefabricated panels that has and utilizes the thermal insulating material had to have the feature of some strength; the stress performance of insulation layer and prefabricated panels topping is played in body of wall energy-saving heat preserving engineering; while carrying out body of wall energy-saving heat preserving engineering; also carried out earthquake-proof construction simultaneously; increase building aseismicity, wind resistance, improve buildingsafety.Need the engineering increasing building aseismicity, wind resistance safety, installation precast heated board 15 should be pasted by 100% area or close to the area of 100% area, and also adopt the structure of embodiment two, 13.

Fiber reinforced cement board (comprising cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board) occurs for many years, just as ornament materials, or uses as the surface layer of the partition wall of lightgage steel joist.Who would have thought cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board, and the heat insulating material had such as EPS plate may be used for increasing building aseismicity, wind resistance?

Such as the tensile strength of EPS plate is not less than 0.1Mpa, is equivalent to the tensile strength of bearing masonry, and has elasticity; Fiber reinforced cement board has suitable rupture strength.When it can be used as decorative panel to use at present, because prefabricated panels is thin, be easy to the destruction that fractures under external force, therefore have rupture strength requirement.Fiber reinforced cement board and other Material cladding stressed time also should meet the rule of concrete structure stress destruction, the concrete sloping section how calculating the composite component having heat insulating material (as EPS plate) and fiber reinforced cement board is destroyed, and also should be determined by test.

The technician of architectural discipline, materials specialty is ignorant of structure knowledge.The technician of structure discipline just utilizes existing structure theory to design, various ornament materials is not understood in depth, because think that this does not belong to this area of specialization, so nobody proposes the stress performance utilizing prefabricated panels for a long time, the structure of increase building aseismicity, wind resistance and design concept.

Although applicant is structure discipline technician, although applicant studies nearly 12 years of wall technology with full energy, and research wall technology needs to carry out interdiscipline, cross-cutting research: except building field, also relate to and understand chemical field, some knowledge of metallography.In building field, need the knowledge such as Building technology, architectural construction, building physics, building thermal technique, structure discipline, also need to know multiple building materials, just can broaden one's scope of mind, Appropriate application different materials, optimize wall structure.But the patent document declared before applicant all be unable to do without netted tensile materials, because think that prefabricated panels is exactly ornamental, just note its physical property: as whether freeze thawing resistance, water absorption rate, contraction etc. meet the requirements, think prefabricated panels and heat insulating material bond be compound to together with after anti-folding better, can not rupture, just do not note its mechanical property, do not need the realism understanding its mechanical property what understands, therefore for many years never propose the structure that do not need to establish netted tensile materials and design concept.

3, embodiment three injects basic matterial 9 in the sleeve pipe of crab-bolt 20, and embodiment three structure supporting parts 1-1 is that public technology is unexistent for local is arranged, neither be apparent.

4, " described vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is arranged in the breach of insulation layer 15-3 embodiment five; Or vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is arranged on the outside of topping 15-8-1 " be that public technology is unexistent, neither be apparent.

5, many fire protection constructions of embodiment six are that public technology is unexistent, neither be apparent.

6, the installation partial structurtes supporting parts 1-1 method that provides of embodiment seven, is that prior art is unexistent, neither be apparent.Because when having Cantilever Beams overhanging on major structure of construction now, be all that a formwork has been built, do not adopt the construction method of embodiment six.

7, embodiment 12 is become by the thin-coat plaster topping widely applied at present to do to install prefabricated panels topping, as installed cement fibrolite plate or calcium silicate board.Public technology does not install prefabricated panels topping on insulation layer, fixes with insulation layer and base course wall, forms regulation or the case history of heat-preserving energy-saving wall.

As aforementioned, thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall is prevented fires and is badly affected world control greenhouse gas emission, and this problem does not solve for a long time, is just illustrating that embodiment 12 is not apparent.

Applicant studies wall technology from the beginning of 2002 4 months with all strength, and propose multiple wall technology patent successively, but just propose wall technology patent of the present invention until now, this also illustrates that the present invention is not apparent.

Embodiment one and embodiment 12, embodiment two and embodiment two and 13 common ground be:

1, changing situ wet operation thin protective layer of plastering is install the topping not needing scene to plaster, and topping is had prevent the performance of fire spread, does not need to rely on fire barrier to prevent fire spread.When the topping of precast heated board is plaster skin coat, be also to define thin-coat plaster topping and the topping meeting fire protection requirement by this standard.

2, prefabricated panels topping is also installed in indoor, increases building aseismicity, building Lateral resisting ability.

Technique effect of the present invention:

1, energy-saving heat-insulating wall good fireproof of the present invention, the present invention had both met construction stage fire safety, also can ensure the fire safety in Long-Time Service.Significant to guarantee people's livelihood safety, defense strategy safety, to promotion China so that global building energy conservation significant.

Even if insulation layer material is organic insulation material, even if its combustibility is the B2 level of flame retardant type, the present invention also has excellent fireproof performance.

External Thermal Insulation Technology for External, according to the present invention, can never occur, as Shanghai in November, 2010 Jing'an District teacher Lou great Huo, to cause the tragedy of tens of people's death; Definitely can not there is the massive losses that Shenyang feudal dynasty ten thousand prosperous restaurant catches fire, and etc. national external heat insulating wall fire casualty too numerous to enumerate.

2, energy-saving heat preserving of the present invention exceedes thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall, and the passive type energy saving house easily promoting pole low energy consumption is built, and sees attached list data.

Subordinate list assembling external heat insulating wall and thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall mean thermal transmittance contrast table w/m ².k

Note:

1), subordinate list be supposition base course wall be 200mm concrete wall, the 3m standard width of a room in an old-style house, 3m are high, and window is respectively 2.1 × 1.5=3.15m ², 2.4 × 1.5=3.6m ², 2.7 × 1.5=4.05m ², window-wall ratio is respectively 0.35,0.4,0.45 and calculates.

2), by " code for thermal design of civil buildings " GB50176 exposure draft revised, during EPS plate moisture content 15%, EPS plate coefficient of thermal conductivity 0.039w/m.k, and consider to calculate main wall heat transfer coefficient after socketing steel wire increases heat transfer; Coefficient of thermal conductivity=0.039 × 1.2=0.0468w/m.k that thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall presses the correction of EPS plate calculates.

If actual moisture content is lower than 15%, then wall heat transfer coefficient is lower than numerical value in subordinate list.

3), the heat bridge of energy-saving heat-insulating wall of the present invention comprises the heat bridge that locally cornices, the heat bridge that window has reinforcing bar insulation layer thinning; The heat bridge of thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall is hole heat bridge, by the regulation of Appendix D in " Heilongjiang Province's Residential Buildings Energy 65% design standard " DB23/1270, calculates hole heat bridge to the impact of body of wall mean coefficient.

From subordinate list, the heat bridge of energy-saving heat-insulating wall of the present invention and the heat bridge of thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall contrast, and are not orders of magnitude.This is because:

1), heat-insulating bridge-cut-off hole can significantly reduce window heat bridge, can eliminate balcony slab heat bridge, and cornice available light weight aggregate concrete for the local of severe cold area and passive type energy saving house.

If curtain wall decoration, have the curtain skeleton of supporting assembling external heat insulating wall to pass insulation layer, can directly be connected with the steel plate on reinforcing bar in topping, stainless steel sockets steel wire only increases wall heat transfer coefficient about 0.05 ~ 0.1w/m ².k, the heat transfer that socketing steel wire increases is far smaller than and the heat transfer of thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall curtain skeleton increase.

2), seam between EPS plate in embodiment seven precast heated board, significantly can reduce the ventilative adverse effect to EPS plate coefficient of thermal conductivity of seam of installing fritter EPS plate.

Because there being supporting assembling external heat insulating wall heat bridge very little, therefore window-wall ratio size is very little on the impact of mean thermal transmittance; But thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall is because of the impact of hole heat bridge, very large on the impact of body of wall mean thermal transmittance.

3, the present invention is while carrying out body of wall energy-saving heat preserving engineering; utilize some heat insulating material and prefabricated panels topping to have the feature of certain tensile strength, increase antidetonation, the wind loading rating of building, reduce construction cost; improve safety grade of architecture, significant.

4, proposition prefabricated panels of the present invention is as topping to guarantee topping quality, extends heat-preserving wall durable years favourable, is conducive to social sustainable development.

Qualitative problems of construction as thin-coat plaster topping cracking, efflorescence is too many, and durability is bad.And fiber reinforced cement board can be not less than 50 years as durable years during topping, and generally can not ftracture as thin-coat plaster topping, to the hidden danger that fire safety causes, not only can not fire spread, more can not occur with a loud crash.

5, the present invention with B2 level heat insulating material as B2 level EPS plate makes precast heated board, can reduce heat-preserving wall cost greatly.

Adopt the structure of embodiment eight, nine again, there is not or seldom exist in-site installation EPS plate and there is a large amount of gap to insulation adverse influence, also can reduce the thermal transmittance that EPS plate coefficient of thermal conductivity 20%, EPS plate thickness 280mm just can meet the requirement of passive type energy saving house, price is about 80 yuan/m ², adopt B1 level graphite benzene plate to reduce wall heat insulation material price about 120 yuan/m than present thin-coat plaster heat-preserving wall ²more than.

6, assembling technology is introduced in wall thermal insulating engineering by embodiment of the present invention one ~ 11, significantly reduce site operation compared with the prior art to plaster wet trade, installation rate is fast, convenient construction, solve need increase heat-preserving wall fire resistance property time, need increase to plaster protective layer thickness, but construction is difficult to the difficult problem that realizes; And precast heated board can as the template of cast-in-situ concrete, convenient construction, greatly reduces concrete blinding construction costs again, can promote new countryside construction.

7, embodiment of the present invention 12 ~ 14 can as embodiment one ~ 11 supplement, the two fit applications.

Embodiment 12 ~ 14 not as adopting embodiment one ~ 11 easy for installation, and is helpless to install organic insulation layer fire safety in solution construction.But exterior wall or balcony fence be arc moulding be incubated time, prefabricated arc precast heated board may be inconvenient, with regard to working embodiment 12 ~ 14.

8, wide application of the present invention.

The present invention can be applicable to the Surgery therapy of traditional body of wall, and comprise and being applied in new building and existing building reducing energy consumption engineering, safety is good, can be applicable to various building height.The present invention also can be applicable to internal wall insulation, but inside holding heat bridge is many, generally should not adopt, but the present invention is both applicable to outer wall heat insulating, and also can be used for internal wall insulation.

Because various places Difference of physical environment is large, a certain constructional materials or Building technology are applicable to certain area or certain building height, but be not necessarily applicable to all regions or all building heights, but leading Building technology should have extensive practicality, Neither of the two can be dispensed.The present invention is exactly the External Thermal Insulation Technology for External being applicable to all regions, all building heights.

In sum, the invention solves the various problem affecting building energy conservation and reduce discharging described in background technology, contribute to promoting China to such an extent as to global building energy conservation, reduce greenhouse gas emission, promote Process of Housing Industrialization, there is important social effect.

Detailed description of the invention

Embodiment one: see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Figure 25, a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall of present embodiment, it is made up of base course wall 1, precast heated board 15, crab-bolt 20; Described base course wall 1 is bearing wall or for non-bearing wall body, and base course wall 1 also comprises major structure of construction in bearing wall or non-bearing wall body (beam column as concrete or steel beam column); Described crab-bolt 20 is steel crab-bolt or plastic anchor bolt, and described crab-bolt 20 is nailing plastic crab-bolt, nailing shaped steel crab-bolt, or is intumescent crab-bolt, and the crab-bolt of bar planting or pre-buried anchoring etc.;

Described precast heated board 15 is made up of insulation layer 15-3, topping 15-8-1, at the side matcoveredn 15-8-1 of insulation layer 15-3, insulation layer 15-3 connects with topping 15-8-1 (is generally bonding connection, or the bonding dovetail type groove that adds again is connected, see that in Fig. 9, dovetail type groove is connected, or adopt alternate manner to connect);

Described topping 15-8-1 is prefabricated panels topping, as prefabricated panels toppings such as fibre reinforced cement fiberboard (comprising cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board), shaving board, stalk board, vermiculite board, oriented strand board (as directed veneer or combination plank); Or topping 15-8-1 is the composite bed topping of prefabricated panels and plaster skin coat; Topping 15-8-1 has and necessarily prevents fire spread performance;

Described insulation layer 15-3 is inorganic heat insulation material or organic insulation material, or be the composite heat-insulating layer of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material, or be inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material mixed material etc. all can as the material of insulation layer, as polymer thermal insulative material (EPS plate, XPS plate, PU plate, PF plate), honeycomb card board, honeycomb aluminum, mineral wool (rock wool, glass silk flosssilk wadding, alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton plate), thermal insulation mortar, kieselguhr, expanded vermiculite, foamed glass, glue powder polyphenyl particle, gas concrete, foam cement (is also foamed concrete, foam concrete), rice husk concrete, or be flyash, the light heat insulation material etc. of cement etc. and the compounds such as benzene plate particle, present heat insulating material emerges in an endless stream, as long as the heat insulating material that can be connected with prefabricated panels topping can as insulation layer of the present invention,

Precast heated board 15 is connected with under type with base course wall 1, selects the 1st) plant connect or the 1st) with the 2nd) plants and is connected, or the 1st) and the 3rd) plant and be connected, or all to select:

1), precast heated board 15 is placed in base course wall 1 side, or in the side of the base course wall 1 of cast-in-situ concrete, precast heated board 15 (at the arranged outside precast heated board 15 of base course wall 1 during Surgery therapy) is installed, by crab-bolt 20 through precast heated board 15, precast heated board 15 and base course wall 1 are fixed;

2), insulation layer 15-3 inner surface is non-burnishing surface, formed to be connected together to construct between the insulation layer 15-3 of precast heated board 15 and the base course wall 1 of cast-in-situ concrete; During this connecting structure, precast heated board 15 doublely can do the template of cast-in-situ concrete, easy construction, reduction cast-in-place concrete wall form work engineering cost; If desired crab-bolt is installed, can holes on precast heated board and crab-bolt is installed, crab-bolt inner should conveniently with the bar connecting in concrete, or to be connected with indoor concrete blinding;

3), between precast heated board 15 with base course wall 1 with cementitious materials bond (as with cement polymer mortar or other adhesives bonding, can not fix precast heated board at once if do not installed crab-bolt, construction is inconvenient);

Connect between precast heated board, form a kind of assembled energy-saving heat-preserving wall installing precast heated board;

The specification of described precast heated board 15 wall, wall between windows on window is unrestricted, and the installation site of described crab-bolt 20 is unrestricted.

When major structure of construction is formerly formed, precast heated board 15 is passed by nailing type crab-bolt or intumescent crab-bolt, can precast heated board 15 and base course wall 1 be fixed at once, plastic anchor bolt does not increase heat transfer substantially, and installation rate is fast, price is low, bonding strength can meet certain requirements; And if stainless steel need be used by steel crab-bolt, cost high and increase heat transfer.The crab-bolt of accompanying drawing of the present invention all represents employing nailing plastic crab-bolt.

Recommendation topping 15-8-1 is the prefabricated panels topping of fibre reinforced cement fiberboard, and good fireproof, fracture resistance is good, lightweight, and price is low, easily meets waterproof, freeze-thaw resistance property, and prefabricated processing precast heated board is convenient.

Some polymer thermal insulative material is as EPS plate, or inorganic heat insulation material is as aerated concrete panel, and its tensile strength is not less than the tensile strength of fragility masonry; Some prefabricated panels topping also has suitable tensile strength; as fibre reinforced cement fiberboard; therefore by the present invention, precast heated board is installed; as long as be substantially interconnected between insulation layer (bonding); as long as precast heated board is connected with base course wall reliably; just can increase the anti-shear performance of base course wall, move favourable to building aseismicity, building anti-side.

The present invention can be provided with ribs or not be provided with ribs in precast heated board 15 edge or insulation layer 15-3, but the present invention does not need to establish ribs on precast heated board 15, ribs is heat bridge, should not establish ribs when heat insulation break bridge structure is taked at heating districts and hole or when reinforcing bar is installed at hole.

Embodiment two: see Fig. 1, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is, present embodiment increases indoor protection layer 8-2, indoor protection layer 8-2 is pasted the indoor being installed to base course wall 1, increases building aseismicity, wind resistance; Described topping 15-8-1, indoor protection layer 8-2 are the prefabricated panels topping meeting some strength; as prefabricated panels toppings such as fibre reinforced cement fiberboards (comprising cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board), or it is the composite bed topping of the prefabricated panels that meets some strength and plaster skin coat.

Embodiment three: see Fig. 1, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one or two is, present embodiment increases basic matterial 9; Basic matterial 9 is injected (as with cement polymer mortar in the sleeve pipe of crab-bolt 20; outer end blocks with heat insulating material again; just can ensure that durable years is not less than 50 years, very convenient, price is low), protection crab-bolt 20 in nailing or other steel connector meet life requirement.

This measure is only applied when relying on crab-bolt to install completely.

Embodiment four: see Fig. 3 ~ Fig. 9, the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one ~ tri-is, present embodiment increases structure supporting parts 1-1, and structure supporting parts 1-1 is arranged on the outside of base course wall 1, and described structure supporting parts 1-1 is base course wall 1 extension in the horizontal direction;

Described structure supporting parts 1-1 be local arrange or for along building border arrange (as local or border arrange concrete cornice, heating districts structure supporting parts 1-1 is recommended to be that local is arranged), structure supporting parts 1-1 be floor or based on base plate, be steel truss supporting or concrete hanging top; Or described structure supporting parts 1-1 is metal supporting parts (as being angle steel), or for wood or the cornicing of bamboo (major structure of construction be wood or bamboo time be cornicing of wood or bamboo, also available metal supporting parts); Or structure supporting parts 1-1 also precast heated board 15 described in support;

Steel truss supporting in present embodiment or concrete hanging top are the components of applicant publication technology, for hanging vertical reinforcing bar.When structure supporting parts needs precast heated board described in support, precast heated board 15 is located convenient, and structure supporting parts 1-1 horizontal direction is longer; Also facilitate in embodiment five and vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is installed, recommend to select.And concrete hanging top, steel truss supports vertical direction are long, horizontal direction is short, sees Fig. 6 ~ Fig. 8, should cut out breach cement injection polymer mortar around in steel truss supporting, and the supporting of protection steel truss avoids corroding, and sees Fig. 8.The supporting of concrete hanging top, steel truss can not support precast heated board 15; in applicant publication technology; being be applied to in-site installation fritter insulation layer, be only hang reinforcing bar and hang adjacent web tensile materials and topping, but inconvenient precast heated board 15 is located.

Recommend to adopt the structure supporting parts 1-1 of Fig. 3 ~ Fig. 5, Fig. 9---cornice, and do not adopt steel truss supporting or the concrete hanging top of Fig. 6 ~ Fig. 8.

Embodiment five: see Fig. 1, Fig. 3 ~ Fig. 9, Figure 11 ~ Figure 14, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment four is, present embodiment increases reinforcing bar 6, sockets steel wire 2-1;

Described reinforcing bar 6 comprises vertical reinforcing bar 6-1, horizontal reinforcement or arch steel 6-2;

Vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is positioned at door and window hole both sides, or also arranges vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 at a certain distance; Vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is connected with structure supporting parts 1-1 outer end; Hole horizontal reinforcement setting up and down or arch steel 6-2, or other position also arranges horizontal reinforcement 6-2, and horizontal reinforcement or arch steel 6-2 are connected with the vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 in both sides;

Socket steel wire 2-1 reinforcing bar 6 is connected with base course wall 1; Described reinforcing bar 6 is single steel bar, or is bi-steel arranged side by side, establishes reinforcing bar or steel plate to socket between bi-steel arranged side by side;

Socketing steel wire 2-1 can adopt stainless steel to socket steel wire, as 304# Φ 2 stainless steel soft-state steel wire, and good endurance, diameter is thin, and intensity is high, and heat transfer is few, and easy for installation, cost is low;

Exterior wall arranges bi-steel when installing hanger and is advisable, and the steel plate between the structural connection of hanger and bi-steel sockets, or windowsill place arranges bi-steel, increases windowsill rigidity;

The cementitious materials topping 8-1 (cementitious materials topping 8-1 is generally cement polymer elastic mortar, pastes netted tensile materials 5 be connected with prefabricated panel 15 with cement polymer elastic mortar) of alkalescence is had around reinforcing bar 6;

Described vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is arranged in the breach of insulation layer 15-3; Or vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is arranged on the outside of topping 15-8-1, sees Figure 10;

When described structure supporting parts 1-1 is for locally arranging, precast heated board 15 is provided with breach, and the position of breach is corresponding with the position of structure supporting parts 1-1, sees Figure 10.

Described external heat insulating wall can form heat insulation break bridge structure at door and window mouth, and hole arranges reinforcing bar convenient formation door and window mouth heat insulation break bridge structure, sees Fig. 1, Figure 13, Figure 20; Or have the structure of topping heat bridge of plastering for hole.

When installing reinforcing bar by present embodiment, the extension of structure supporting parts 1-1 should meet the connection needs with vertical reinforcing bar 6-1, and structure supporting parts 1-1 is permanent setting.

Following situation needs to take present embodiment:

1, when reinforcing bar need be installed in hole or other position, as door and window hole take heat insulation break bridge structure time, need there be reinforcing bar both sides, hole, window is arranged on the insulation layer of hole, hole periphery partial heat-insulating layer 15-3-3 is that fireproof performance is good, the material of good heat insulating, as being alumina silicate fireproof thermal-insulation layer, see Fig. 1, Figure 13, door and window connects steel disc and interlocks with the steel disc on trimming bar and be connected and fixed with base course wall.

2, when hanger installed by exterior wall, the connecting reinforcement of hanger is connected with ironware fixing on vertical reinforcing bar.

3, during topping heavier-weight.

Embodiment six: see Fig. 1, Figure 11 ~ Figure 23, the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one ~ five is, present embodiment increases following fire prevention measure, needs to select one or more according to use:

1), arrange and socket part 2, described in socket part 2 following several mode is installed, need to select according to use:

1., socket part 2 topping 15-8-1 is connected with structure supporting parts 1-1; For example socket part 2 for steel plate strip, see Fig. 7;

2., socket part 2 the inner and be connected with base course wall 1, or it is inner fixing with reinforcing bar 6 to socket part 2, sockets part 2 outer end and is connected with topping 15-8-1; Such as socket part 2 for steel disc, reinforcing bar 6 is connected with topping 15-8-1 by steel disc; Or socket that steel wire 2-1 is double sockets part 2, reinforcing bar 6 is connected with topping 15-8-1, sees Fig. 1, topping 15-8-1 holes, steel wire 2-1 will be socketed and connect through topping 15-8-1;

3., between adjacent topping 15-8-1, seam crossing arranges and sockets part 2, socket part 2 adjacent topping 15-8-1 is connected, such as socket the grooved steel sheet bar that part 2 is Figure 16, steel sheet bar both can play and socketed by contiguous prefabricated warming plate 15, a certain piece of external insulation layer 15-8-1 is avoided to come off, again can adaptive deformation, see Figure 16;

If socket part 2, topping 15-8-1 can be avoided when somewhere catches fire to come off and to cause danger, cause fire spread; This fire protection construction is very convenient.

2), the fire prevention measure of heavy seal coat 15-8-1, see Figure 11 ~ Figure 23:

Fire proofing material 15-8-3 is installed in the seam inside of topping 15-8-1, or/and thickeied by the topping 15-8-1 along seam crossing, or/and along brushing fireproof paint outside seam; As Figure 14 ~ Figure 17 node enlarged drawing; Also as Figure 21 ~ 23 node enlarged drawing, install overlap joint prefabricated panels band in the inner side of the topping 15-8-1 seam of side precast heated board 15, seam crossing topping 15-8-1 both thickeied by overlap joint prefabricated panels band, also doubled as fire proofing material 15-8-3; Or/and smear adhesive powder-polystyrene granule thermal insulation mortar on topping 15-8-1 surface;

Recommend the structure adopting Figure 14 ~ Figure 17, first install simple, and once catch fire, the resilient glue material 40 that seam crossing presses embodiment eight is burnt not, polymer thermal insulative layer such as the EPS plate melted when the intensity of a fire is larger becomes gas, the gas of gasification can be run out along seam, the topping 15-8-1 of prefabricated panels can not be made to burst, cause fire spread; Smear adhesive powder-polystyrene granule thermal insulation mortar at topping 15-8-1, can prevent fires by heavy seal coat further;

3), the stickup of employing periphery is glued with middle partial points the method combined and is installed precast heated board 15, or pastes installation precast heated board 15 by 100% area or close to 100% area;

When insulation layer material has certain tensile strength, paste installation precast heated board 15 by 100% area or close to 100% area, the tensile strength of insulation layer 15-3 and topping 15-8 can be given full play to, favourable building aseismicity, wind resistance; Therefore need the engineering increasing antidetonation, wind resistance safety, installation precast heated board 15 should be pasted by 100% area or close to 100% area;

2) with 3) fire protection construction when can prevent from catching fire flame to seal in the heat insulating material of contiguous prefabricated warming plate inner;

4), heat-insulating bridge-cut-off hole inner thermal insulating layer 15-3-3 is the heat insulating material (as hole alumina silicate fireproof heated board, foamed ceramic or other fire-retardant heat-insulation material) meeting fire protection requirement, sees Fig. 2, Figure 13;

5), reinforced door window side insulation layer fire protection construction:

Widened by the topping 15-8-1 of wall between windows, the topping of vertical side insulation layer 15-3-4 is prefabricated panels topping 15-8-4, sees Fig. 1, Figure 13, is fixed on by prefabricated panels topping 15-8-4 (it is fixing that stickup adds nail) on topping 15-8-1; Described prefabricated panels topping 15-8-4 has fireproof performance, in topping 15-8-1, cavity between vertical side prefabricated panels topping 15-8-4 and doorframe and window frame, have vertical side insulation layer 15-3-4; If vertical side insulation layer 15-3-4 is the insulation of boring polyurathamc, or be the insulation of EPS plate, recommend to select the insulation of boring polyurathamc, reduce hole periphery wet trade, easy construction, and increase vertical side insulation layer fire safety;

6) or in the cross section of the insulation layer 15-3 of precast heated board 15 or/and inner surface also has internal protection layer 15-8-2, insulation layer 15-3 cross section is increased or/and inner surface fire resistance property; Such as can brushing fireproof paint, Waterproof gum, smear heat preservation slurry or with flameproof fabric parcel etc. as internal protection layer 15-8-2, see Figure 10; Or fire barrier (during organic insulation material) is also had in insulation layer 15-3; Adopt B2 level heat insulating material by this measure, heat insulating material cost can be reduced, particularly build passive type energy saving house insulation layer very thick time significantly reduce cost, and around prefabricated panel 15 self-assembling formation fire barrier;

7), different parts topping 15-8-1 thickness is different; Thickness as the prefabricated panel 15 topping 15-8-1 of wall on window is greater than the thickness of the topping 15-8-1 of wall between windows prefabricated panel 15;

8), at crab-bolt 20 external end head install fire proofing material, crab-bolt 20 fireproof performance having fire proofing material to cover is not less than the fireproof performance of topping 15-8-1;

9), with cementitious materials and nail, netted tensile materials 5 is fixed with topping 15-8-1; Or netted tensile materials 5 and reinforcing bar 6 colligation; Or fix with structure supporting parts 1-1, contiguous prefabricated warming plate 15 connects by netted tensile materials 5, forms the assembled energy-saving heat-preserving wall that a kind of topping is plaster skin coat;

10), the bonding adhesive of described bonding topping 15-8-1 is the polymer adhesive having fire retardant, or is inorganic fire glue; By outside for bonding adhesive bonding with inner side insulation layer for topping 15-8 distance near, therefore the fireproof performance needing bonding adhesive to have.

This is configured in when catching fire and stops topping 15-8-1 by netted tensile materials, and topping 15-8-1 can be avoided to come off.When setting sockets part 2, this measure can be adopted.

Embodiment seven: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment three ~ six is, the structure supporting parts 1-1 that present embodiment installs local adopts following mounting method: when the concrete formwork of major structure of construction, in the installation site of template inside structure supporting parts 1-1, the interim occupying plate of a slice is installed, such as occupying plate is plank thin slice, EPS thin slice, about 20mm thickness, when form removal, interim occupying plate is dismantled, concrete side just has a recessed position, when building the concrete of partial structurtes supporting parts 1-1, can in recess bar planting, formwork is built.

The advantage of present embodiment: do not destroy concrete blinding when installing partial structurtes supporting parts 1-1, formwork is convenient; And the shear strength in anchor of the partial structurtes supporting parts 1-1 of after-pouring or concrete hanging top 1-2 and agent structure concrete joint face is good, safe and reliable.

Embodiment eight: see Figure 11 ~ Figure 13, Figure 18 ~ Figure 20, the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one ~ seven is, the seam of present embodiment insulation layer 15-3 between precast heated board 15 is that mutual jam-packed is installed, or in seam, brushing interfacial agents jam-packed pastes installation; Or the cross section of seam is formed with the shape being beneficial to and intercepting air leakage.If any groove that is protruding or indentation, groove that is protruding or indentation is mutually corresponding to be arranged, or section is formed stepped, or section is that oblique angle overlaps mutually.By present embodiment, the impact of gap on insulation is little, when alignment error is less, can not consider that gap is to the adverse effect of insulation layer as EPS plate coefficient of thermal conductivity, otherwise the impact in gap is large, unfavorable to body of wall energy-saving heat preserving, being configured to of heating districts employing present embodiment is suitable, and non-heating region can connect by vertical masonry joint.

Figure 11 ~ Figure 13, Figure 18 ~ Figure 20 adopt vertical masonry joint jam-packed to install, or in seam, brushing interfacial agents jam-packed pastes the structure installed, and install more convenient like this.

Embodiment nine: see Figure 11 ~ Figure 13, Figure 18 ~ Figure 20; the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one ~ eight is; the seam of present embodiment between the topping 15-5-1 of precast heated board 15 is connected with following 2 kinds of structures, selects one and to select or diverse location selects different structure:

1), bonding by resilient glue material 40 between described precast heated board 15 seam crossing topping 15-8-1, or overlap joint prefabricated panels band 15-8-3 inserts in contiguous prefabricated warming plate 15 reserving gaps, bonding with the topping 15-8-1 bonding resilient glue material 40 of contiguous prefabricated warming plate 15; Described resilient glue material 40 has tensile strength, can transmission capacity, also has the ability adapting to certain distortion, forms a kind of elastic water-proof seam.Particularly can adapt to the ability of being out of shape under temperature action.

Such as resilient glue material 40 is cement polymer elastic mortar, and the vitrification point of preparation cement polymer elastic mortar emulsion should meet local minimum temperature requirement; Also if resilient glue material 40 is water cure polyurethane.

2), seal bonding with elastic sealant, elastic sealant does not have the effect of transmission internal force.

Elastic sealant distortion is large, and do not have tensile strength, the effect of elastic sealant is: 1), in appearance can't see crack; 2), there is waterproof, windbreak function.

Embodiment ten: see Figure 24, the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one ~ nine is, present embodiment substitutes masonry or the reinforced concrete lintel of base course wall 1 above interior door window hole with lightweight precast lintel 1-3, the bottom of precast heated board 15 is connected with the outside of lightweight precast lintel 1-3.

Such as press Figure 24, around gas concrete, cutting installs stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement, then brushing interfacial agents, then formation topping of plastering, by stirrup and the protection of longitudinal reinforcement parcel.This lightweight precast lintel 1-3 is arranged on window both sides base course wall 1.This situation occurs lower than when collar tie beam or floor crossbeam bottom absolute altitude at hole epithelium absolute altitude, all needs to install concrete lintel in the past on hole, lintel also builds masonry by laying bricks or stones, trouble.And with gas concrete as lightweight precast lintel 1-3, prefabricated simple, lightweight, without template.

Embodiment 11: the difference of one of present embodiment and embodiment one ~ ten is, present embodiment increases netted tensile materials 5, described topping 15-8-1 plaster skin coat substitutes prefabricated panels topping (containing the plaster skin coat of manually plastering and building mechanical stitch), as cement mortar or layer of concrete, the cement polymer mortar layer containing adhesive made of synthetic resin, magnesite screed, and other utilization refuse forms the surface layer etc. with some strength as added other materials after flyash, useless brick abrasive dust; Described netted tensile materials 5 is for meeting the Web materials of certain tensile strength; As Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh or gauze wire cloth or be basalt fibre screen cloth etc.;

Netted tensile materials 5 is positioned at topping 15-8-1 or surperficial; With cementitious materials, netted tensile materials 5 is fixed with topping 15-8-1, or also with nail, netted tensile materials 5 is fixed with topping 15-8-1.With nail, netted tensile materials 5 being fixed with topping 15-8-1, topping 15-8-1 can be avoided when catching fire to come off;

Netted tensile materials 5 is interconnected between precast heated board 15; form the assembled heat insulation body of wall that a kind of topping 15-8-1 is plaster skin coat; netted tensile materials 5 can be selected one or select multiple installation simultaneously, or local is provided with the netted tensile materials 5 of reinforcement.

The prefabricated panels adopted makes topping 15-8-1 when having a good rupture strength, can install Alkali-resisting fiberglass mesh.But when the topping 15-8-1 of present embodiment precast heated board 15 is plaster skin coat, the anti-folding of plaster skin coat is poor, Heavy Weight, be ensure transport, install in safety, in topping 15-8-1 or surface need netted tensile materials 5 is installed.

The prefabricated inconvenience of present embodiment, precast heated board Heavy Weight; When being topping with magnesite mortar, can weight reduction, but the bad grasp of magnesite mix ratio of mortar, avoid the anti-halogen of the moisture absorption, efflorescence, affect durability.

Embodiment 12: see Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall of present embodiment, it is made up of base course wall 1, insulation layer 15-3, topping 15-8-1, crab-bolt 20;

Described base course wall 1 is bearing wall or is non-bearing wall body; Described insulation layer 15-3 is arranged on the side (installing according to a conventional method) of base course wall 1; Prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 is positioned at the outside of insulation layer 15-3;

Described insulation layer 15-3 is inorganic heat insulation material or organic insulation material, or be the composite heat-insulating layer of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material, or be inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material mixed material etc. all can as the material of insulation layer, as polymer thermal insulative material (EPS plate, XPS plate, PU plate, PF plate), honeycomb card board, honeycomb aluminum, mineral wool (rock wool, glass silk flosssilk wadding, alumina silicate heat-preservation cotton plate), thermal insulation mortar, kieselguhr, expanded vermiculite, foamed glass, glue powder polyphenyl particle, foam cement (is also foamed concrete, foam concrete), rice husk concrete, or be flyash, the light heat insulation material etc. of cement etc. and the compounds such as benzene plate particle,

Described crab-bolt 20 is steel crab-bolt or plastic anchor bolt, and described crab-bolt 20 is nailing plastic crab-bolt, nailing shaped steel crab-bolt, or is intumescent crab-bolt, and the crab-bolt of bar planting or pre-buried anchoring etc.;

Prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 is fixed on insulation layer 15-3 and has following 2 kinds of methods, select the 1st kind install or select 2 kinds of installations simultaneously:

1), crab-bolt 20 through prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1, insulation layer 15-3, prefabricated panels topping 15-8 and insulation layer 15-3 and base course wall 1 are fixed;

2), bonding connection between prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 and insulation layer 15-3, or bonding connection adds non-burnishing surface and is connected together;

Prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 is recommended to select fortifying fibre cement board.

Embodiment 13: Fig. 1, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment 12 is, present embodiment increases indoor protection layer 8-2, indoor protection layer 8-2 is pasted the indoor being installed to base course wall 1, or in the indoor of base course wall 1, precast heated board 15 is installed, increase building aseismicity, wind resistance; Described topping 15-8-1, indoor protection layer 8-2 are the prefabricated panels topping meeting some strength; as prefabricated panels toppings such as fibre reinforced cement fiberboards (comprising cement fibrolite plate, calcium silicate board), or it is the composite bed topping of the prefabricated panels that meets some strength and plaster skin coat.

Embodiment 14: see that the difference of Fig. 1, Fig. 5, present embodiment and embodiment 12 or 13 is, present embodiment increases structure supporting parts 1-1, reinforcing bar 6, sockets steel wire 2-1; Described structure supporting parts is arranged on the outside of base course wall 1, and described structure supporting parts 1-1 is base course wall 1 extension in the horizontal direction;

Described structure supporting parts 1-1 be local arrange or for along building border arrange (as local or border arrange concrete cornice, heating districts structure supporting parts 1-1 is recommended to be that local is arranged), be floor or based on base plate, be steel truss supporting or concrete hanging top; Or described structure supporting parts 1-1 is metal supporting parts (as being angle steel), or for wood or the cornicing of bamboo (major structure of construction be wood or bamboo time be cornicing of wood or bamboo, also available metal supporting parts);

Or structure supporting parts 1-1 also precast heated board 15 described in support.

Described topping 15-8-1 is that local is arranged, and outside the topping that local is arranged, have exposed insulation layer 15-3, or exposed insulation layer 15-3 is jagged, sees Fig. 9, vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is arranged in breach;

Or topping 15-8-1 is all arranged, vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is arranged on the outside of precast heated board 15, sees Figure 10.Vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 is recommended to be arranged in the breach of insulation layer 15-3;

When described structure supporting parts 1-1 is for locally arranging, precast heated board 15 is provided with breach, and the position of breach is corresponding with the position of structure supporting parts 1-1, sees Figure 11.

Described external heat insulating wall can form heat insulation break bridge structure at door and window mouth, and hole arranges reinforcing bar convenient formation door and window mouth heat insulation break bridge structure, sees Fig. 1, Figure 12; Or have the structure of topping heat bridge of plastering for hole.

Embodiment 15: see Fig. 1, Figure 11 ~ Figure 23, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment 12 ~ 14 is, present embodiment increases following fire prevention measure, needs to select one or more according to use:

1), setting sockets part 2; What socket part 2 is provided with following several mode, needs to select according to use:

1., with socketing part 2, prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 is connected with structure supporting parts 1-1; For example socket part 2 for steel plate strip, see Fig. 7;

2., socket part 2 the inner and be connected with base course wall 1, or it is inner fixing with reinforcing bar 6 to socket part 2, sockets part 2 outer end and is connected with prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1; Such as socket part 2 for steel disc, reinforcing bar 6 is connected with topping 15-8-1 by steel disc; Or socket that steel wire 2-1 is double sockets part 2, reinforcing bar 6 is connected with topping 15-8-1, sees Fig. 1;

3., between contiguous prefabricated sheet material topping 15-8-1 seam crossing arranges and sockets part 2, sockets part 2 and is connected by adjacent topping 15-8-1, such as, socket the grooved steel sheet bar that part 2 is Figure 16;

2), the fire prevention measure of heavy seal coat 15-8-1: fire proofing material 15-8-3 is installed, or/and thickeied by the topping 15-8-1 along seam crossing, or/and along seam brushing fireproof paint in the seam inside of topping 15-8-1; Or/and smear adhesive powder-polystyrene granule thermal insulation mortar on topping 15-8-1 surface;

3), adopt periphery to paste to glue with middle partial points the method combined insulation layer 15-3 is installed, or press 100% area or close to 100% area adhesive insulating layer 15-3;

4), heat-insulating bridge-cut-off hole inner thermal insulating layer 15-3-3 is the heat insulating material (as hole alumina silicate fireproof heated board or other fire-retardant heat-insulation material) meeting fire protection requirement, sees Fig. 1, Figure 13;

5), the prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 of wall between windows is widened, the topping of vertical side insulation layer 15-3-4 is prefabricated panels topping 15-8-, 4, see Fig. 1, Figure 13, prefabricated panels topping 15-8-4 is fixed on (it is fixing that stickup adds nail) on topping 15-8-1; Described prefabricated panels topping 15-8-3 has fireproof performance, prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 and vertical side prefabricated panels topping 15-8-3 and and doorframe and window frame between cavity in have vertical side insulation layer 15-3-4;

6), different parts prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 thickness is different;

7), at crab-bolt 20 external end head install fire proofing material, the fireproof performance of the crab-bolt 20 having fire proofing material to cover is not less than the fireproof performance of topping 15-8-1;

8), with cementitious materials and nail netted tensile materials 5 is fixed with prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1, fix with structure supporting parts 1-1, with reinforcing bar 6 colligation; Contiguous prefabricated sheet material topping 15-8-1 connects by netted tensile materials 5.

Embodiment 13: see Figure 11 ~ Figure 13, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment 11 or 12 is, present embodiment also forms mutually being connected together of non-burnishing surface and constructs between insulation layer 15-3 and prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1.

Other structure such as heat-preserving wall anticorrosion structure, insulation layer seam, windowed configuration of embodiment 11 ~ 13 can refer to embodiment of the present invention two ~ 11, and windowed configuration as aforementioned employing heat-insulating bridge-cut-off hole or can have heat bridge hole.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is embodiment one ~ five, embodiment 11 ~ 13 is positioned at external heat insulating wall window vertical cross section, represent that socketing steel wire 2-1 is connected with base course wall 1, with bar connecting, also with the connecting structure of topping 15-8-1 or prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1;

Fig. 2 is the precast heated board 15 mounting vertical plane figure of embodiment one, is also the prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 mounting vertical plane figure of embodiment 11;

Fig. 3 is that the concrete cornice 1-1 of the precast heated board 15 mounting vertical plane figure of embodiment three, structure supporting parts 1-1 is arranged along building border, illustrates energy-saving wall window reinforcement installation elevation;

Fig. 4 is that the concrete cornice 1-1 local of the precast heated board 15 mounting vertical plane figure of embodiment three, four, structure supporting parts 1-1 is arranged, and illustrates energy-saving wall window reinforcement installation elevation;

Fig. 5 is embodiment three, four precast heated board 15 mounting vertical plane figure, the concrete cornice 1-1 local of structure supporting parts 1-1 is arranged, illustrate energy-saving heat-insulating wall window reinforcement installation elevation, and illustrate the decoration frame bar of precast heated board 15 by window lattice, recommend to adopt;

Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 5 also represents embodiment 11 prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 mounting vertical plane figure, unmarked prefabricated panels topping 15-8-1 in figure;

Fig. 6 is that embodiment three, four arranges steel truss supporting, and vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 supports with steel truss and is connected, and reinforcing bar is bi-steel arranged side by side, precast heated board 15 mounting vertical plane figure;

Fig. 7 is the steel truss supporting installation side elevation of Fig. 6, also can pre-embedded steel slab welded and installed etc.;

Fig. 8 is the front view of steel truss supporting 1-2 in insulation layer, and circumfusion cement polymer mortar is anticorrosion, increases stability, and steel truss supporting and concrete hanging top 1-2 are the components that vertical direction is long, horizontal direction is short, inconvenient support precast heated board 15;

Fig. 9 is the node A enlarged drawing of Fig. 4; Also represent embodiment five, if socket part 2, topping 15-8-1 is connected with structure supporting parts 1-1;

Figure 10 be Fig. 4 structure supporting parts 1-1 for local arrange time, the termination of the precast heated board 15 of wall between windows is provided with relief configuration schematic diagram, also represent embodiment five in the cross section of the insulation layer 15-3 of precast heated board 15 or/and inner surface also has internal protection layer 15-8-2, internal protection layer 15-8-2 has the fireproof performance of opposing electric welding spark;

Figure 11, Figure 12 represent and form the organigram that is connected together between precast heated board 15 and base course wall 1, Figure 11 seam crossing has vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 by embodiment four, socket steel wire 2-1 to be connected with base course wall 1, socket steel wire 2-1 outer end and be connected with topping 15-8-1; Figure 12 seam crossing no-reinforcing-bar, Figure 14, Figure 15 are shown in seam crossing fire protection construction;

When Figure 13 is edge, embodiment four hole installation bi-steel, hole horizontal profile constructional drawing, sockets steel wire 2-1 outer end and is connected with topping 15-8-1, and increase seam crossing fireproof performance organigram, Figure 14 is shown in seam crossing fire protection construction;

Figure 14 is Figure 11, Figure 13 Node B drawing, by the fire protection construction of embodiment five heavy seal coat 15-8-1 seam crossing: thickeied by seam crossing topping 15-8-1, fire proofing material 15-8-3 is also installed in inside; Bond in topping 15-8-1 seam crossing resilient glue material 40 by embodiment eight;

Figure 15 is Figure 12 node C drawing, identical with Figure 14 by the fire protection construction of embodiment five heavy seal coat 15-8-1 seam crossing;

Figure 16 is energy-saving heat-insulating wall corner seam crossing topping 15-8-1 node drawing, by the fire protection construction of embodiment five heavy seal coat 15-8-1 seam crossing, identical with Figure 14, Figure 15;

When Figure 17 is the moulding of seam crossing formation groove, by the fire protection construction of embodiment five heavy seal coat 15-8-1 seam crossing;

Figure 18, Figure 19 represent and form the organigram that is connected together between precast heated board 15 and base course wall 1, Figure 11 seam crossing has vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 by embodiment four, socket steel wire 2-1 to be connected with base course wall 1, socket steel wire 2-1 outer end and be connected with topping 15-8-1; Figure 12 seam crossing no-reinforcing-bar, Figure 21, Figure 22 are shown in seam crossing fire protection construction;

When Figure 20 is edge, embodiment four hole installation bi-steel, hole horizontal profile constructional drawing, sockets steel wire 2-1 outer end and is connected with topping 15-8-1, and increase seam crossing fireproof performance organigram, Figure 21 is shown in seam crossing fire protection construction;

Figure 11, Figure 13, Figure 18, Figure 20 also represent that embodiment four is installed vertical reinforcing bar 6-1 at precast heated board 15 seam crossing, socketed steel wire 2-1 by reinforcing bar 6-1 and base course wall 1 connecting structure schematic diagram, insulation layer 15-3 can cut a gap, steel wire 2-1 will be socketed through insulation layer 15-3, around reinforcing bar 6, have the cementitious materials topping of alkalescence; Figure 12 seam crossing does not arrange reinforcing bar;

Figure 21 is Figure 18, Figure 20 node D drawing, by the fire protection construction of embodiment five heavy seal coat 15-8-1 seam crossing: installing overlap joint prefabricated panels band inside the topping 15-8-1 seam of side precast heated board 15 increases seam crossing protective layer thickness, and holds concurrently as fire proofing material 15-8-3;

Figure 22 Figure 19 node E drawing, by the fire protection construction of embodiment five heavy seal coat 15-8-1 seam crossing, installs overlap joint prefabricated panels band inside seam identical with Figure 21;

Figure 23 is that between topping 15-8-1, seam crossing forms groove decoration frame bar, and inside seam, install overlap joint prefabricated panels band drawing;

Figure 24 embodiment nine substitutes masonry or the reinforced concrete lintel organigram of base course wall 1 above interior door window hole with lightweight precast lintel 1-3;

Figure 25 represents the insulation layer of precast heated board 15 or the composite heat-insulating layer for inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material, external insulation layer 15-3-1 be inorganic heat insulation material as alumina silicate warming plate, base insulating layer 15-3-2 be organic insulation material as EPS plate,

Claims

1. an energy-saving heat-insulating wall, it comprises base course wall, precast heated board, crab-bolt;

Described precast heated board comprises insulation layer, topping;

At the side matcoveredn of insulation layer, insulation layer is connected with topping;

It is characterized in that, the insulation layer of described precast heated board is inorganic heat insulation material or organic insulation material, or is the composite heat-insulating layer of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material, or is the mixed material of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material;

2. a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall according to claim 1, is characterized in that,

It also comprises indoor protection layer, indoor protection layer is pasted the indoor being installed to base course wall, increases building aseismicity, wind resistance;

Described topping, indoor protection layer are the prefabricated panels topping meeting some strength, or are the composite bed topping of the prefabricated panels that meets some strength and plaster skin coat.

3. a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall according to claim 1, is characterized in that,

It also comprises basic matterial; Basic matterial is injected in the sleeve pipe of crab-bolt.

4. a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall according to claim 2, is characterized in that,

5. a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall according to claim 1, is characterized in that,

It also comprises structure supporting parts, reinforcing bar and sockets steel wire;

Structure supporting parts is arranged on the outside of base course wall, and described structure supporting parts is base course wall extension in the horizontal direction; Described structure supporting parts is that local is arranged or is that building border, edge is arranged;

Or structure supporting parts also precast heated board described in support.

Described reinforcing bar comprises vertical reinforcing bar, horizontal reinforcement or arch steel;

Vertical reinforcing bar is positioned at door and window hole both sides, or also arranges vertical reinforcing bar at a certain distance; Vertical reinforcing bar is connected with structure supporting parts outer end; Hole horizontal reinforcement setting up and down or arch steel, or other position also arranges horizontal reinforcement, horizontal reinforcement or arch steel bar connecting vertical with both sides;

Socket steel wire reinforcing bar is connected with base course wall; Described reinforcing bar is single steel bar, or is bi-steel arranged side by side, establishes reinforcing bar or steel plate to socket between bi-steel arranged side by side; The cementitious materials topping of alkalescence is had around reinforcing bar;

Described vertical reinforcing bar is arranged in the breach of insulation layer; Or vertical reinforcing bar is arranged on the outside of topping.

6. a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall according to claim 2, is characterized in that,

Or structure supporting parts also precast heated board described in support.

7., according to a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall one of claim 1 ~ 6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that,

It also comprises increases following fire prevention measure, needs to select one or more according to use:

1), setting sockets part; What socket part is provided with following several mode, needs to select according to use:

1., socket part topping is connected with structure supporting parts;

2., socket part the inner is connected with base course wall, or socket part the inner and reinforcing bar fix, socket part outer end and be connected with topping; Or socket that steel wire is double sockets part, reinforcing bar is connected with topping;

3., between adjacent topping seam crossing arranges and sockets part, sockets part and is connected by adjacent topping;

2), the fire prevention measure of heavy seal coat:

Fire proofing material is installed in the seam inside of topping, or/and thickeied by the topping along seam crossing, or/and along brushing fireproof paint outside seam; Or/and smear adhesive powder-polystyrene granule thermal insulation mortar at protective layer;

3), the stickup of employing periphery is glued with middle partial points the method combined and is installed precast heated board, or pastes installation precast heated board by 100% area or close to 100% area;

4), heat-insulating bridge-cut-off hole inner thermal insulating layer is the heat insulating material meeting fire protection requirement;

5), reinforced door window side insulation layer fire protection construction: widened by the topping of wall between windows, the topping of vertical side insulation layer is prefabricated panels topping, is fixed on the protection layer by prefabricated panels topping; Described prefabricated panels topping has fireproof performance, in topping, cavity between vertical side prefabricated panels topping and doorframe and window frame, have vertical side insulation layer;

6) or in the cross section of the insulation layer of precast heated board or/and inner surface also has internal protection layer, insulation layer cross section is increased or/and inner surface fire resistance property;

7), different parts protective layer thickness is different;

8), at crab-bolt external end head install fire proofing material, the crab-bolt fireproof performance having fire proofing material to cover is not less than the fireproof performance of topping;

9), with cementitious materials and nail netted tensile materials and topping are fixed, fix with structure supporting parts, with reinforcing bar binding; Contiguous prefabricated warming plate connects by netted tensile materials.

10), the bonding adhesive of described bonding topping is the polymer adhesive having fire retardant, or is inorganic fire glue.

8., according to a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall one of claim 2 ~ 6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that,

It also comprises netted tensile materials, and described topping is plaster skin coat;

Netted tensile materials is positioned at topping or surperficial; With cementitious materials, netted tensile materials and topping are fixed, or also fix with nail and topping.

Netted tensile materials is interconnected between precast heated board, forms the assembled heat insulation body of wall that a kind of topping is plaster skin coat.

9. a kind of energy-saving heat-insulating wall according to claim 7, is characterized in that,

Netted tensile materials is positioned at topping or surperficial; With cementitious materials, netted tensile materials and topping are fixed, or also fix with nail and topping; Or netted tensile materials and reinforcing bar binding; Or fix with structure supporting parts; Netted tensile materials is interconnected between precast heated board, forms the assembled energy-saving heat-preserving wall that a kind of topping is plaster skin coat.

10. an energy-saving heat-insulating wall, it comprises base course wall, insulation layer, crab-bolt, topping;

It is characterized in that, described topping is prefabricated panels topping; Or topping is the composite bed of prefabricated panels and plaster skin coat; Topping has and necessarily prevents fire spread performance;

Described insulation layer is arranged on the side of base course wall, and prefabricated panels topping is positioned at the outside of insulation layer;

Described insulation layer is inorganic heat insulation material or organic insulation material, or is the composite heat-insulating layer of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material, or is the mixed material of inorganic heat insulation material and organic insulation material;