CN104385723A - 一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材，所述的复合板材包括上面板、上增强材料层、夹芯层、下增强材料层和下面板，所述的上增强材料层位于上面板和夹芯层中间，并通过粘合剂分别与上面板、夹芯层胶合在一起，所述的下增强材料层位于夹芯层和下面板中间，并通过粘合剂分别与夹芯层、下面板胶合在一起。本发明揭示了一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材，该复合板材轻型、节能、环保，不仅具有良好的阻燃性能和耐热性能，而且具有较高的压缩强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度，可广泛用于建筑节能保温领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种塑料制品，具体涉及一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材，属于塑料制品技术领域。
背景技术
塑料制品是采用塑料为主要原料加工而成的生活用品、工业用品的统称。塑料制品生产一般包括塑料的配料、成型、机械加工、接合、修饰和装配等，后四个工序是在塑料已成型为制品或半制品后进行的，又称为塑料二次加工。相对于金属、石材、木材，塑料制品具有成本低、可塑性强等优点，在国民经济中应用广泛，塑料工业在当今世界上占有极为重要的地位，多年来塑料制品的生产在世界各地高速度发展。我国塑料制品产量在世界排名中始终位于前列，其中多种塑料制品产量已经位于全球首位，我国已经成为世界塑料制品生产大国。我国塑料制品市场需求主要集中于农用塑料制品、包装塑料制品、建筑塑料制品、工业交通及工程塑料制品等几个方面。
作为一种建筑塑料制品，塑料泡沫夹芯复合板材以其阻燃、绝热、隔声等作用，被大量应用于墙体、外墙内外节能保温。随着节能保温和阻燃性能指标要求的进一步提高，对塑料泡沫夹芯复合板材的性能要求越来越高。目前，市场上塑料泡沫夹芯复合板材的上、下两块起承载作用的面板主要为强度较大的彩钢板、不锈钢板、铝板等金属薄板，这些金属薄板的价格较高，增加了塑料泡沫夹芯复合板材的制备成本，同时也增加了塑料泡沫夹芯复合板材的重量，由此限制了塑料泡沫夹芯复合板在建筑方面的应用。此外，市场上塑料泡沫夹芯复合板材由于选用的塑料泡沫夹芯层综合性能不够好，所呈现的产品性能，尤其是机械强度不能达到或优与行业检测标准。
发明内容
针对上述需求，本发明提供了一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材，该复合板材轻型、节能、环保，不仅具有良好的阻燃性能和耐热性能，而且具有较高的压缩强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度，可广泛用于建筑节能保温领域。
本发明是一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材，所述的复合板材包括上面板、上增强材料层、夹芯层、下增强材料层和下面板，所述的上增强材料层位于上面板和夹芯层中间，并通过粘合剂分别与上面板、夹芯层胶合在一起，所述的下增强材料层位于夹芯层和下面板中间，并通过粘合剂分别与夹芯层、下面板胶合在一起。
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述的上面板和下面板均采用薄竹单板，其厚度为8mm, 含水率为8%～12%。
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述的上增强材料层和下增强材料层均采用天然麻纤维网格布，其厚度为2mm。
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述的夹芯层采用竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫塑料，其厚度为5mm。
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述的竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫塑料包含的原料成分按重量百分比组成为：可发性酚醛树脂58%，竹纤维22%，发泡剂6%，固化剂8%，表面活性剂6%。
在本发明一较佳实施例中，所述的粘合剂采用环氧 AB 胶，其耐高温度可达到150℃。
本发明揭示了一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材，该复合板材轻型、节能、环保，不仅具有良好的阻燃性能和耐热性能，而且具有较高的压缩强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度，可广泛用于建筑节能保温领域。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明：
图1是本发明实施例新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材的结构示意图；
附图中各部件的标记如下： 1、上面板，2、上增强材料层，3、夹芯层，4、下增强材料层，5、下面板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
图1是本发明实施例新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材的结构示意图；该复合板材包括上面板1、上增强材料层2、夹芯层3、下增强材料层4和下面板5，所述的上增强材料层2位于上面板1和夹芯层3中间，并通过粘合剂分别与上面板1、夹芯层3胶合在一起，所述的下增强材料层4位于夹芯层3和下面板5中间，并通过粘合剂分别与夹芯层3、下面板5胶合在一起。
本发明提及的新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材的厚度为25mm，其为了提高力学性能和耐热性能以及降低生产成本，采用薄竹单板类短生长周期的可再生生物质资源作为上面板1与下面板5的材料；采用天然麻纤维网格布作为增强材料，置于上下薄竹面板和夹芯层3之间，该增强材料可有效提高复合板材的压缩性能、弯曲性能和冲击强度；采用自制的竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫塑料作为夹芯层材料，其中，竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫塑料包含的原料成分按重量百分比组成为：可发性酚醛树脂58%，竹纤维22%，发泡剂6%，固化剂8%，表面活性剂6%；该竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫塑料的表观密度为46.68kg/m3，压缩强度为138.87kPa，弯曲强度为206.997kPa，导热系数为0.023W/mK，氧指数为48.9%，其综合性能优异。
本发明中的新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材在制备时，采用耐高温度达到150℃的环氧 AB 胶作为粘合剂，先以180 g／m2的施胶量将厚度为8mm的夹芯层3双面涂胶，并将厚度均为2mm的上增强材料层2与下增强材料层4分别粘合在夹芯层3的上下表面；粘合10min后再以相同的施胶量将上增强材料层2和下增强材料层4的表面涂胶，并将厚度均为8mm的上面板1与下面板5分别粘合在上增强材料层2与下增强材料层4的表面；粘合15min后，将制品在常温、1 MPa压力下冷压8 h，即可制得性能优异的泡沫塑料夹芯复合板成品。经性能检测，制得的新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材的压缩强度为158.41kPa，纵向弯曲强度为999.82kPa，横向弯曲强度为845.90kPa，冲击强度为5.61kJ／m2。
本发明揭示了一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材，该复合板材轻型、节能、环保，不仅具有良好的阻燃性能和耐热性能，而且具有较高的压缩强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度，可广泛用于建筑节能保温领域。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的技术人员在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。
Claims (6)
1.一种用泡沫塑料夹芯的复合板材，其特征在于，所述的复合板材包括上面板、上增强材料层、夹芯层、下增强材料层和下面板，所述的上增强材料层位于上面板和夹芯层中间，并通过粘合剂分别与上面板、夹芯层胶合在一起，所述的下增强材料层位于夹芯层和下面板中间，并通过粘合剂分别与夹芯层、下面板胶合在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材，其特征在于，所述的上面板和下面板均采用薄竹单板，其厚度为8mm, 含水率为8%～12%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材，其特征在于，所述的上增强材料层和下增强材料层均采用天然麻纤维网格布，其厚度为2mm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材，其特征在于，所述的夹芯层采用竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫塑料，其厚度为5mm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材，其特征在于，所述的竹纤维增强酚醛泡沫塑料包含的原料成分按重量百分比组成为：可发性酚醛树脂58%，竹纤维22%，发泡剂6%，固化剂8%，表面活性剂6%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的新型泡沫塑料夹芯复合板材，其特征在于，所述的粘合剂采用环氧 AB 胶，其耐高温度可达到150℃。
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| CN108485176A (zh) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-09-04 | 龚利芬 | 原竹纤维增强的环保酚醛保温材料及其制备方法 |
| CN111421926A (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-07-17 | 华南农业大学 | 一种连续纤维布三维增强木塑复合材料及其生产方法及设备 |
| CN111421926B (zh) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-11-06 | 华南农业大学 | 一种连续纤维布三维增强木塑复合材料及其生产方法及设备 |
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