CN104381201A - 一种鸡禽的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种鸡禽的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104381201A CN104381201A CN201410574362.1A CN201410574362A CN104381201A CN 104381201 A CN104381201 A CN 104381201A CN 201410574362 A CN201410574362 A CN 201410574362A CN 104381201 A CN104381201 A CN 104381201A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/46—Stemonaceae [Stemona family], e.g. croomia
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种鸡禽的养殖方法,其中,按照如下步骤操作:A拌料:中药提取物掺入饲料,中药提取物与饲料的质量比为,夏季2:100,春秋1:100,冬季0.5:100;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;B饮水:中药提取物混入水中供鸡禽引用,夏季调配为质量百分比8%,春秋调配为质量百分比5%,冬季调配为质量百分比2%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;C喷洒笼舍:中药提取物混入水中,喷洒笼舍与鸡身,夏季调配为质量百分比35%,春秋调配为质量百分比20%,冬季调配为质量百分比15%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;步骤A、B、C间歇或交叉或同时操作。本发明本发明的优点为:方法简单,使用方便,能够有效抑制球虫发病率,增加球虫病治愈率,在养鸡过程中避免球虫危害养殖户,降低因此病造成的损失。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及鸡禽养殖技术领域,尤其涉及一种鸡禽的养殖方法。
背景技术:
鸡禽的养殖过程中,常因患各种疾病导致鸡禽死亡,给养殖户造成巨大损失,所以抗病防病是养殖的关键。但是,随着药物滥用,鸡禽的抗药性越来越强,导致防治效果低,以球虫病而言,其实造成鸡禽死亡的主要因素之一。球虫的生活周期短,潜伏期4~7天,繁殖力非常强大,但球虫的各阶段虫体只限于肠黏膜及其邻近组织,鸡一次吃少量卵囊并不会产生大的危害。球虫进行孢子生殖的适宜温度为20℃~28℃,湿度大于20%,氧气充足,而所有鸡场恰好提供了这样的条件。球虫给鸡群造成的危害可概括为三个方面:导致鸡只的大批量发病和死亡;阻碍鸡只正常的生长发育;降低饲料报酬。球虫对不同品种、年龄、性别的鸡表现出的致病性有所不同。一般而言,幼雏的易感性较大,大鸡少发病是因为其在幼龄时受小剂量重复感染而获得了可靠的免疫力,公雏的易感性高于母雏,品系越纯对球虫的易感性越高。。另外球虫与其他病原具有协同的致病作用,肠道细菌如大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等对球虫的致病力有增强作用,球虫感染后,还可使机体对新城疫、法氏囊等疾病的易感性升高。
目前,球虫病日龄超前化。目前我国市场上的家禽用消毒产品均对球虫效果微弱。常规的空舍消毒程序不能杀灭鸡舍内的球虫卵囊。对球虫卵囊有效的消毒措施是热碱水和酒精喷灯火焰消毒,这样的消毒措施不能进行带鸡消毒,而且由于腐蚀性强和易对器具损坏,在空舍消毒中也很少使用。球虫卵囊的抵抗力很强,一般在土壤内可存活4~9个月,在树荫下的土壤内生命力达15~18个月。同时在温暖潮湿的季节和地区,卵囊发育很快,外界气温在20℃~35℃时,只需18~36小时就可以形成孢子化。因此,鸡舍内球虫卵囊很难清除干净,从而使雏鸡在进入鸡舍第一天起就处于球虫感染的威胁之中。临床上表现为,低于7~9日龄的鸡群就会爆发球虫病。随着肉鸡养殖环境的恶化,低日龄肉鸡发病的现象越来越常见。发病常年化。过去肉鸡的球虫病多发生于温暖潮湿的季节,但目前肉鸡以密闭饲养为主,育雏期温度较高、通风不足导致湿度过高,使球虫病发生的季节性不再明显。耐药普遍化。多年以来,肉鸡球虫病主要依靠药物来控制。由于养殖水平低,缺乏科学的用药指导,导致球虫产生普遍的耐药性。调查发现,在生产中常用的抗球虫药物(球净、地克珠利、氯羟吡啶、球痢灵、盐酸氨丙啉、盐酸氯苯胍、马杜拉霉素、拉沙霉素、盐霉素等)中,一半以上的虫株仅对一种药物敏感,超过80%的虫株对1种或2种药物敏感,而有些虫株对所有药物都不敏感。由此可见,球虫的耐药性已非常普遍,能够选择有效治疗药物的余地越来越小,这也是很多地区球虫病难以控制的主要原因。
肉鸡球虫病的症状及病变,临床症状。地面平养鸡发病早期偶尔排出带血粪便,并在短时间内采食加快,随着病情发展血粪增多,精神沉郁,羽毛松乱,食欲减退,饮欲增加,两翅下垂,鸡冠、肉髯颜色苍白,闭眼似睡,缩做一团,靠近热源或蹲伏于墙边,死亡率逐渐增多。笼养鸡、网上平养鸡,常感染小肠球虫,呈慢性经过,病鸡消瘦,间歇性下痢,羽毛松乱,闭眼缩做一团,采食量下降,粪便混有血色丝状物或肉芽状物、胡萝卜样物。病理变化。盲肠球虫见两侧盲肠显著肿大,增粗,外观呈暗红色或紫黑色,内为暗红色血凝块或血水,并混有肠黏膜坏死物质,肠壁的浆膜面上可见灰白色小斑点。小肠球虫主要损害小肠的中前段,肠管增粗,肠壁增厚,剪开外翻,肠壁上布有针尖大小出血点,肠浆膜上有明显的淡白色斑点。慢性球虫见于日龄稍大的鸡,主要是小肠肠管增粗,肠壁增厚,肠黏膜炎性肿胀。
球虫病防治中存在的问题:过分依赖药物。自从20世纪40年代发现磺胺类药物可以抗球虫以来,已经开发出50多种抗球虫药物,这些药物已大部分在我国得以应用,但由于过分地依赖药物,使得抗球虫药物在生产中引起的问题越来越多。滥用抗球虫药物,加速了球虫耐药性的产生,缩短了药物使用周期;抗球虫药残留于鸡肉中,降低了肉品品质,威胁人类健康;增加了养殖户的药费开支,降低了养殖效益。消毒措施缺陷。目前国内无专用于球虫的消毒剂,火焰消毒和热碱水消毒因存在过多的缺点而难以被推广应用,所以针对球虫的消毒措施成为国内有效控制球虫病的关键。用药方案混乱。轮换和穿梭用药是防治球虫病最为理想的用药方案,可以有效避免耐药性的产生,但该方案并没有在养殖户中得到普遍推广应用。一部分养殖户根本无用药方案可谈,一种药物使用效果好了,就长期使用,不再轮换,更不穿梭。也有一些兽药厂家,为了提高自己产品的治疗效果,扩大市场占有量,盲目地将多种抗球虫药物进行组方,极容易使球虫产生多重耐药性。
对于球虫病的防治的现有技术方案,如中国专利申请20091009 35520公开了一种球虫病的中药及其制备方法和用途,成分为棉马贯众,石榴皮,常山、苦参、小蓟。其可以掺料也可以混水使用。如中国专利申请2009101578179公开了一种鸡球虫散及其制备方法,组分为常山、青蒿、马鞭草、滑石粉、苦参、糊精。如中国专利申请2010800253541公开了一种球虫防治剂及含有该球虫防治剂的饲料,其含有有加热的腰果壳油和/ 或腰果酚。如中国专利申请2011101713623公开了一种防治球虫病的药物,其组成为:磺胺间甲氧嘧啶450~600 份、二甲氧苄啶110~130 份、甲硝唑145~180 份、止血敏80~160 份。再如中国专利申请2013101118152公开了一种防治球虫病的药物,组分:常山5-15 份、青蒿5-15 份、黄柏5-15 份、紫花地丁5-15 份、地骨皮4-12 份、胡黄连4-12 份、苦参4-12 份、赤芍4-12 份、车前子3-10 份、生地3-10 份、地肤子3-10 份、瞿麦3-10 份、三七2-6 份、川牛膝2-6 份。又如,论文《中草药复方制剂对柔嫩爱美耳球虫感染鸡血液生化指标的影响》其公开了 商陆、白头翁、常山等中药复配物对球虫有良好治疗效果。又如论文《中药防治球虫病的应用研究》其公开了一些中草药对球虫有一定的作用,如常山、苦参、野菊花、丁香叶、蛹虫草、地墨、白头翁、鸦胆子、大蒜、青蒿这些药物可单方或配置复方使用,主要因其含生物碱对球虫产生作用。连翘、柴胡、黄连、黄柏、黄芩、大黄、败酱草、马齿苋、板蓝根、地锦草、墨旱莲具有抗菌消炎作用,仙鹤草、地榆、白茅根、小蓟、槐花具有止血作用,上述药物均可作为抗球虫病的辅药,但是,对于如何复配则无表述。再如《中国兽医医药杂志》2005年4期公开的《中药复方防治鸡球虫病的研究现状与展望》公开了防止鸡球虫病的中药种类,驱虫类如:常山、使君子、鸦胆子、仙鹤草、百部、冰片、雄黄等。清热燥湿类:苦参、黄连、黄芩、黄柏、白头翁、秦皮等,清热解毒类如青蒿、马齿苋、柴胡、白茅根、蒲公英、地锦草、穿心莲、败酱草;补益气血药如党参、当归、熟地、黄芪、甘草等 ,活血止血药如丹参、桃仁、地榆炭、仙鹤草、白芨等。根据中医理论,球虫病属于外感虫邪,多发于温暖潮湿季节,虫邪耗血伤津,湿热内蕴困脾,故病鸡食少神怠 ,排稀薄粪,便中有粘液,血丝,口渴喜饮,畏寒扎堆,鸡冠发白,机体消瘦,衰竭死亡。故治疗应该杀灭虫邪,去热去湿为主,补益血气,凉血止血为辅。
基于上述现有技术,本发明旨在现有技术的基础上提供一种方法简单,使用方便,能够有效抑制球虫发病率,增加球虫病治愈率,在养鸡过程中避免球虫危害养殖户,降低因此病造成的损失的一种鸡禽的养殖方法。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的缺点,提供一种方法简单,使用方便,能够有效抑制球虫发病率,增加球虫病治愈率,在养鸡过程中避免球虫危害养殖户,降低因此病造成的损失的一种鸡禽的养殖方法。
为了解决这种技术问题,本发明公开了一种鸡禽的养殖方法,其特征在于,按照如下步骤操作:
A、拌料:中药提取物掺入饲料,中药提取物与饲料的质量比为,夏季2:100,春秋1:100,冬季0.5:100;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
B、饮水:中药提取物混入水中供鸡禽引用,夏季调配为质量百分比8%,春秋调配为质量百分比5%,冬季调配为质量百分比2%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
C、喷洒笼舍:中药提取物混入水中,喷洒笼舍与鸡身,夏季调配为质量百分比35%,春秋调配为质量百分比20%,冬季调配为质量百分比15%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
步骤A、B、C间歇或交叉或同时操作;
所谓的间歇为操作A后操作B,操作B后操作C,然后继续从A开始,如此反复。
所谓的交叉为操作A和B同时;接着操作C,或者B与C同时;接着操作A,或者A与C同时,接着操作B;
所谓同时,是指ABC同时操作,停一周后,继续ABC同时操作。
所述中药提取物的组分包括常山、百部、白头翁各50-80g,苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子各40-60g,黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁各30-50g,进一步包括:白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥各100-120g、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙各80-100g、松针、花椒各60-80g,明矾5-10g。
中药提取物制备时,将常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁混合在一起,120目粉碎,加入3体积倍数的石油醚回流提取3次,每次1小时,趁热滤过,减压回流石油醚得浸膏,浸膏加8体积倍数质量百分比80%乙醇热熔,质量百分比2.5%活性炭回流脱色1小时,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏干燥呈粉,过筛后紫外照射5秒消毒,得到药粉;
将白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙、松针、明矾、花椒、混合在一起,用水浸提法浸提三次,三次浸提液合并后,蒸煮得粘稠状混合物,加入羟甲基纤维素和矫味剂;羟甲基纤维素、矫味剂的质量比为2:1,羟甲基纤维素与矫味剂的质量和为粘稠状混合物质量的2-3%,干燥后得到粉剂,粉剂经过紫外照射消毒10秒后,加入多维素,加入的多维素的质量为粉剂质量的0.2-0.4%,混合均匀后得到粉剂;
药粉与粉剂按照质量比3:1混合,混合均匀后得中药提取物。
本发明的优点为:方法简单,使用方便,能够有效抑制球虫发病率,增加球虫病治愈率,在养鸡过程中避免球虫危害养殖户,降低因此病造成的损失,具体为:
本发明在防治球虫病的常用药物的基础上(常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁),进一步添加(白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙、松针、明矾、花椒),以增强灭球虫的防治效果。
常山、百部、鸦胆子、苦参为常用球虫药中常用驱虫类药,白头翁、黄芩、秦皮为常用球虫药中常用燥湿药,青蒿、白茅根、地丁为常用球虫药中常用清热解毒药,党参为常用球虫药中常用补益气血药,白芨为常用球虫药中常用活血止血药,
白鲜皮中主要的活性物质是梣酮,具有杀虫作用。棉花根的成分棉酚具有杀虫作用。土荆芥的成分土荆芥油具有驱虫作用。苍术的苍术醇具有灭虫作用。升麻中的升麻碱具有灭虫作用。四季青的成分为冬青三萜甙,威灵仙的白头翁素或白头翁内酯驱虫灭虫,松针含有丰富氨基酸,促进血液循环,改善毛细血管的机能,提高免疫力,增加荷尔蒙的分泌。明矾内用止血,抑菌,外用杀虫、花椒挥发油具有驱虫作用。
具体实施方式:
本发明鸡禽的养殖方法,其中,按照如下步骤操作:
A、拌料:中药提取物掺入饲料,中药提取物与饲料的质量比为,夏季2:100,春秋1:100,冬季0.5:100;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
B、饮水:中药提取物混入水中供鸡禽引用,夏季调配为质量百分比8%,春秋调配为质量百分比5%,冬季调配为质量百分比2%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
C、喷洒笼舍:中药提取物混入水中,喷洒笼舍与鸡身,夏季调配为质量百分比35%,春秋调配为质量百分比20%,冬季调配为质量百分比15%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
步骤A、B、C间歇或交叉或同时操作;
所谓的间歇为操作A后操作B,操作B后操作C,然后继续从A开始,如此反复。
所谓的交叉为操作A和B同时;接着操作C,或者B与C同时;接着操作A,或者A与C同时,接着操作B;
所谓同时,是指ABC同时操作,停一周后,继续ABC同时操作。
所述中药提取物的组分包括常山、百部、白头翁各50-80g,苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子各40-60g,黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁各30-50g,进一步包括:白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥各100-120g、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙各80-100g、松针、花椒各60-80g,明矾5-10g。
中药提取物制备时,将常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁混合在一起,120目粉碎,加入3体积倍数的石油醚回流提取3次,每次1小时,趁热滤过,减压回流石油醚得浸膏,浸膏加8体积倍数质量百分比80%乙醇热熔,质量百分比2.5%活性炭回流脱色1小时,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏干燥呈粉,过筛后紫外照射5秒消毒,得到药粉;
将白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙、松针、明矾、花椒、混合在一起,用水浸提法浸提三次,三次浸提液合并后,蒸煮得粘稠状混合物,加入羟甲基纤维素和矫味剂;羟甲基纤维素、矫味剂的质量比为2:1,羟甲基纤维素与矫味剂的质量和为粘稠状混合物质量的2-3%,干燥后得到粉剂,粉剂经过紫外照射消毒10秒后,加入多维素,加入的多维素的质量为粉剂质量的02-0.4%,混合均匀后得到粉剂;
药粉与粉剂按照质量比3:1混合,混合均匀后得中药提取物。
具体例子1:
众泰养殖场10000只鸡养殖于一笼舍内,自鸡雏开始至出栏。使用如下方法:
A、拌料:中药提取物掺入饲料,中药提取物与饲料的质量比为,夏季2:100,春秋1:100,冬季0.5:100;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
B、饮水:中药提取物混入水中供鸡禽引用,夏季调配为质量百分比8%,春秋调配为质量百分比5%,冬季调配为质量百分比2%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
C、喷洒笼舍:中药提取物混入水中,喷洒笼舍与鸡身,夏季调配为质量百分比35%,春秋调配为质量百分比20%,冬季调配为质量百分比15%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
步骤A、B、C间歇操作;
所谓的间歇为操作A后操作B,操作B后操作C,然后继续从A开始,如此反复。
中药提取物的组分包括常山、百部、白头翁各80g,苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子各60g,黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁各50g,进一步包括:白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥各120g、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙各100g、松针、花椒各80g,明矾10g。
中药提取物制备时,将常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁混合在一起,120目粉碎,加入3体积倍数的石油醚回流提取3次,每次1小时,趁热滤过,减压回流石油醚得浸膏,浸膏加8体积倍数质量百分比80%乙醇热熔,质量百分比2.5%活性炭回流脱色1小时,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏干燥呈粉,过筛后紫外照射5秒消毒,得到药粉;
将白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙、松针、明矾、花椒、混合在一起,用水浸提法浸提三次,三次浸提液合并后,蒸煮得粘稠状混合物,加入羟甲基纤维素和矫味剂;羟甲基纤维素、矫味剂的质量比为2:1,羟甲基纤维素与矫味剂的质量和为粘稠状混合物质量的2-3%,干燥后得到粉剂,粉剂经过紫外照射消毒10秒后,加入多维素,加入的多维素的质量为粉剂质量的0.2-0.4%,混合均匀后得到粉剂;
药粉与粉剂按照质量比3:1混合,混合均匀后得中药提取物。
鸡雏阶段球虫感染率2.3%,中大鸡阶段球虫感染率2.1%,成鸡阶段球虫感染率1.8%。
具体例子2:
胶州九龙镇李家养殖场8000只鸡,自鸡雏开始至出栏。使用如下方法:
A、拌料:中药提取物掺入饲料,中药提取物与饲料的质量比为,夏季2:100,春秋1:100,冬季0.5:100;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
B、饮水:中药提取物混入水中供鸡禽引用,夏季调配为质量百分比8%,春秋调配为质量百分比5%,冬季调配为质量百分比2%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
C、喷洒笼舍:中药提取物混入水中,喷洒笼舍与鸡身,夏季调配为质量百分比35%,春秋调配为质量百分比20%,冬季调配为质量百分比15%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
步骤A、B、C交叉操作;
所谓的交叉为操作A和B同时;接着操作C,或者B与C同时;接着操作A,或者A与C同时,接着操作B;(发明优选为步骤A+B同时进行,A+B停用一周时,操作步骤C)
所述中药提取物的组分包括常山、百部、白头翁各70g,苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子各50g,黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁各40g,进一步包括:白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥各110g、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙各90g、松针、花椒各70g,明矾8g。
中药提取物制备时,将常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁混合在一起,120目粉碎,加入3体积倍数的石油醚回流提取3次,每次1小时,趁热滤过,减压回流石油醚得浸膏,浸膏加8体积倍数质量百分比80%乙醇热熔,质量百分比2.5%活性炭回流脱色1小时,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏干燥呈粉,过筛后紫外照射5秒消毒,得到药粉;
将白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙、松针、明矾、花椒、混合在一起,用水浸提法浸提三次,三次浸提液合并后,蒸煮得粘稠状混合物,加入羟甲基纤维素和矫味剂;羟甲基纤维素、矫味剂的质量比为2:1,羟甲基纤维素与矫味剂的质量和为粘稠状混合物质量的2-3%,干燥后得到粉剂,粉剂经过紫外照射消毒10秒后,加入多维素,加入的多维素的质量为粉剂质量的02-0.4%,混合均匀后得到粉剂;
药粉与粉剂按照质量比3:1混合,混合均匀后得中药提取物。
鸡雏阶段球虫感染率2.1%,中大鸡阶段球虫感染率2.0%,成鸡阶段球虫感染率1.7%。
例子3
即墨段泊岚镇养殖基点毛家养殖场6000只鸡,自鸡雏至出栏使用如下方法:
A、拌料:中药提取物掺入饲料,中药提取物与饲料的质量比为,夏季2:100,春秋1:100,冬季0.5:100;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
B、饮水:中药提取物混入水中供鸡禽引用,夏季调配为质量百分比8%,春秋调配为质量百分比5%,冬季调配为质量百分比2%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
C、喷洒笼舍:中药提取物混入水中,喷洒笼舍与鸡身,夏季调配为质量百分比35%,春秋调配为质量百分比20%,冬季调配为质量百分比15%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
步骤A、B、C同时操作;
所谓同时,是指ABC同时操作,停一周后,继续ABC同时操作。
所述中药提取物的组分包括常山、百部、白头翁各50-80g,苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子各40-60g,黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁各30-50g,进一步包括:白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥各100-120g、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙各80-100g、松针、花椒各60-80g,明矾5-10g。
中药提取物制备时,将常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁混合在一起,120目粉碎,加入3体积倍数的石油醚回流提取3次,每次1小时,趁热滤过,减压回流石油醚得浸膏,浸膏加8体积倍数质量百分比80%乙醇热熔,质量百分比2.5%活性炭回流脱色1小时,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏干燥呈粉,过筛后紫外照射5秒消毒,得到药粉;
将白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙、松针、明矾、花椒、混合在一起,用水浸提法浸提三次,三次浸提液合并后,蒸煮得粘稠状混合物,加入羟甲基纤维素和矫味剂;羟甲基纤维素、矫味剂的质量比为2:1,羟甲基纤维素与矫味剂的质量和为粘稠状混合物质量的2-3%,干燥后得到粉剂,粉剂经过紫外照射消毒10秒后,加入多维素,加入的多维素的质量为粉剂质量的02-0.4%,混合均匀后得到粉剂;
药粉与粉剂按照质量比3:1混合,混合均匀后得中药提取物。
鸡雏阶段球虫感染率2.0%,中大鸡阶段球虫感染率1.8%,成鸡阶段球虫感染率1.4%。
中药提取物提高免疫力的实验比较:
例子1、例子2、例子3各选择相同日龄(60日龄)的鸡各30只,作为实验组一、实验组二、实验组三。
选30只喂食普通日粮的60日龄的鸡作为对照组。三个实验组与对照组的鸡的体重差距小于10g
比较1如下:对照组与三个实验组各随机选择10只,连续3天分别反复置于阴暗环境与暴晒环境,发现:
比较2如下:剩余的实验组和对照组各20只中,再每组随机选择10只,做好标记,然后置于同一环境中,再投入患有球虫病的病鸡5只,进行侵染实验,3天后观察。
比较3如下:经过上述两次对比之后,对照组和三个实验组各剩余10只,做好标记,然后置于同一环境中,再投入患有球虫病的病鸡5只,进行侵染实验,5天后实验组一有3只染病,实验组二有2只染病,实验组三有2只染病,对照组有7只染病,将三个实验组与对照组的病鸡解剖,观察、检测肠道。
通过上述对比,可以发现,三个实验组的发病情况明显轻于对照组,对照组发病情况严重。
取40日龄的鸡禽440羽,体重差异小于10g,随机分为11组,每组做好标记,然后以球虫病病鸡100只进行自然混养侵染(夏季时分)
1组按本发明实施例1喂养,历时14天,
2组按本发明实施例2喂养,历时14天,
3组按本发明实施例3喂养,历时14天,
4组按照本发明的步骤A夏季喂养方式饮水喂养,历时14天,
5组按照本发明的步骤B夏季喂养方式拌料喂养,历时14天,
6组按照本发明的步骤C夏季喂养方式笼舍喷洒,历时14天,
7组使用本发明的药粉(将常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁混合在一起,120目粉碎,加入3体积倍数的石油醚回流提取3次,每次1小时,趁热滤过,减压回流石油醚得浸膏,浸膏加8体积倍数质量百分比80%乙醇热熔,质量百分比2.5%活性炭回流脱色1小时,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏干燥呈粉,过筛后紫外照射5秒消毒,得到药粉;),掺水饮用,历时14天,质量百分比8%;
8组使用本发明的药粉,药粉与饲料质量比2:100,喂食,历时14天,
9组使用本发明的药粉,加水调制质量百分比45%,喷洒笼舍,历时14天,
10组使用背景技术的2013101118152的技术方案,喂食,历时14天,
11组使用普通日常饲料喂养,历时14天,作为对照组
上述各组于15日早上空腹,记录实验期间死亡率,所有再杀的鸡禽均进行肠道病变记分,收集粪便进行球虫计数,宰杀时的重量。
数据指标:
死亡率=(每组感染球虫病致死的鸡数/组内鸡总数)×100%
增重率=(每个感染组的平均增重/对照组的平均增重)×100%
病变记分=病变后剖检的肠道的严重程度分别记分
病变值=每组实验组病变记分的平均数×10
卵囊计数=每组感染病鸡的第七天的粪便中,多点选取新鲜粪便5g,加入10ml生理盐水,搅拌均匀,放入带刻度的试管沉积30分钟,再加入饱和食盐水,做10倍稀释,混匀后计数(随机选择5个视野观察计数,然后取平均值)
卵囊比值=(实验组卵囊数/对照组卵囊数)×100%
卵囊值:卵囊比数位0-1%,卵囊值为0.
2-25%时为5
26-50%为10
51-75%时为20
76-100%时为40
抗球虫指数ACI:(增重百分率+存活率)-(病变值+卵囊值)
ACI小于等于120无效,
ACI在120-160为中等有效
ACI在160-180良好
ACI大于180时为优秀。
结果列表如下:
通过上述比较,可以发现,实施例1-3的ACI大于180,效果优秀,
单独采用步骤A,单独采用步骤B,ACI位于160-180,效果良好
单独采用步骤C,ACI接近160,中等有效
作为现有技术的药粉部分,饮水和拌料ACI位于120-160区间,中等有效。喷洒作业小于120,无效。
作为现有技术的2013101118152技术方案,ACI位于120-160区间,中等有效。
选用本发明中药提取物,做毒性对大鼠的实验:
急性经口(LD50)〉500mg/kg,
急性经皮(LD50)〉2000mg/kg,
属于低毒。
本发明中、实施例中、实验组、对照组中使用的相应饲料如下:(为统一实验标准)
雏鸡的饲料 玉米55.3%,豆粕38%,磷酸氢钙1.4%,石粉1%,食盐0.3%,油3%,添加剂1%。 中鸡的饲料 玉米58.2%,豆粕35%,磷酸氢钙1.4%,石粉1.1%,食盐0.3%,油3%,添加剂1%。 大鸡的饲料 玉米59.2%,麦麸2%,豆粕22.5%,菜粕9.5%,磷酸氢钙1.3%,石粉1.2%,食盐0.3%,油3%,添加剂1%。
本发明的优点为:方法简单,使用方便,能够有效抑制球虫发病率,增加球虫病治愈率,在养鸡过程中避免球虫危害养殖户,降低因此病造成的损失,具体为:
本发明在防治球虫病的常用药物的基础上(常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁),进一步添加(白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙、松针、明矾、花椒),以增强灭球虫的防治效果。
常山、百部、鸦胆子、苦参为常用球虫药中常用驱虫类药,白头翁、黄芩、秦皮为常用球虫药中常用燥湿药,青蒿、白茅根、地丁为常用球虫药中常用清热解毒药,党参为常用球虫药中常用补益气血药,白芨为常用球虫药中常用活血止血药,
白鲜皮中主要的活性物质是梣酮,具有杀虫作用。棉花根的成分棉酚具有杀虫作用。土荆芥的成分土荆芥油具有驱虫作用。苍术的苍术醇具有灭虫作用。升麻中的升麻碱具有灭虫作用。四季青的成分为冬青三萜甙,威灵仙的白头翁素或白头翁内酯驱虫灭虫,松针含有丰富氨基酸,促进血液循环,改善毛细血管的机能,提高免疫力,增加荷尔蒙的分泌。明矾内用止血,抑菌,外用杀虫、花椒挥发油具有驱虫作用。
Claims (2)
1.一种鸡禽的养殖方法,其特征在于,按照如下步骤操作:
A、拌料:中药提取物掺入饲料,中药提取物与饲料的质量比为,夏季2:100,春秋1:100,冬季0.5:100;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
B、饮水:中药提取物混入水中供鸡禽引用,夏季调配为质量百分比8%,春秋调配为质量百分比5%,冬季调配为质量百分比2%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
C、喷洒笼舍:中药提取物混入水中,喷洒笼舍与鸡身,夏季调配为质量百分比35%,春秋调配为质量百分比20%,冬季调配为质量百分比15%;使用一周停用一周,如此反复;
步骤A、B、C间歇或交叉或同时操作;
所述中药提取物的组分包括常山、百部、白头翁各50-80g,苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子各40-60g,黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁各30-50g,进一步包括:白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥各100-120g、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙各80-100g、松针、花椒各60-80g,明矾5-10g。
2.根据权利要求1所述鸡禽的养殖方法,其特征在于,中药提取物制备时,将常山、百部、白头翁、苦参、青蒿、白茅根、鸦胆子、黄芩、秦皮、党参、白芨、地丁混合在一起,120目粉碎,加入3体积倍数的石油醚回流提取3次,每次1小时,趁热滤过,减压回流石油醚得浸膏,浸膏加8体积倍数质量百分比80%乙醇热熔,质量百分比2.5%活性炭回流脱色1小时,浓缩至浸膏,浸膏干燥呈粉,过筛后紫外照射5秒消毒,得到药粉;
将白鲜皮、棉花根、土荆芥、苍术、升麻、四季青、威灵仙、松针、明矾、花椒、混合在一起,用水浸提法浸提三次,三次浸提液合并后,蒸煮得粘稠状混合物,加入羟甲基纤维素和矫味剂;羟甲基纤维素、矫味剂的质量比为2:1,羟甲基纤维素与矫味剂的质量和为粘稠状混合物质量的2-3%,干燥后得到粉剂,粉剂经过紫外照射消毒10秒后,加入多维素,加入的多维素的质量为粉剂质量的0.2-0.4%,混合均匀后得到粉剂;
药粉与粉剂按照质量比3:1混合,混合均匀后得中药提取物。
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CN107711694A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-23 | 广西平南县平原农牧有限公司 | 一种矮脚高产黑凤鸡的防病饲养方法 |
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CN107711694A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-23 | 广西平南县平原农牧有限公司 | 一种矮脚高产黑凤鸡的防病饲养方法 |
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