CN104355961A - Plasma pyrolytic coal-derived acetylene reactor - Google Patents
Plasma pyrolytic coal-derived acetylene reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN104355961A CN104355961A CN201410513077.9A CN201410513077A CN104355961A CN 104355961 A CN104355961 A CN 104355961A CN 201410513077 A CN201410513077 A CN 201410513077A CN 104355961 A CN104355961 A CN 104355961A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plasma pyrolytic coal-derived acetylene reactor. A plurality of plasma generators and a plurality of coal powder input nozzles are mounted on the reactor, and high-temperature ionized gas produced by the plasma generators and coal powder sprayed out by the coal powder input nozzles are mixed to form coal powder and gas mixed reactant in the reactor; a plurality of solid powder spray nozzles are mounted below the coal powder input nozzles on the wall of the reactor, a flowing solid powder isolating layer is formed by solid powder which is sprayed out by a plurality of solid powder spray nozzles on the inner wall of the reactor, the flowing solid powder isolating layer is encircled to form a pyrolytic reaction passage, and the axial flow direction of the flowing solid powder isolating layer is consistent with the flow direction of the coal powder and gas mixed reactant. Through use of the plasma pyrolytic coal-derived acetylene reactor disclosed by the invention, the heat energy depletion is reduced, the reaction efficiency and the acetylene recovery are improved, the coking problem of the wall of the reactor is completely solved, and the wall of the reactor can be protected from being over burned.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to reactor technology field, particularly relate to a kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor.
Background technology
Thermal plasma or other high temperature high energy medium quick coal pyrolyzing acetylene is utilized to be the acetylene production process of a kind of short route, efficient, low emission.Due to high temperature, the high enthalpy feature of plasma body, the volume of plasma pyrolysis coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne is little, easily causes reactor wall to be burnt; Simultaneously due to the ununiformity of reaction zone temperature, cause reaction efficiency low, and cause the temperature-rise period of coal dust uneven, part does not have the high-temperature coal powder particles of complete pyrolysis unavoidably in reactor wall deposition and generation coking, blocking reactor, makes reaction be difficult to continue to carry out.
In order to protective reaction wall is not burned, reactor wall adopts water-cooled protection usually, also can prevent reactor wall coking simultaneously.But because reactor water cooler temperature is low, make reaction zone temperature produce very large thermograde from inside to outside, temperature is difficult to evenly, and thermal losses is large, and energy utilization efficiency is low, particularly can only slow down and can not stop reactor wall coking completely.
Preventing in reactor wall coking, Chinese patent CN200610041033.6 discloses a kind of employing and the high temperature gas flow of burning generation is introduced reactor reaction section wall from the conversion zone ingress of plasma body coal dust pyrolysis reactor, to form high-speed and high-temperature air film, take away the carbon granule flying to reactor, reduce the deposition of pulverized coal particle at reactor wall, thus reduce reactor wall coking speed.But for comparatively large or to the higher particle of wall movement velocity, air film can not stop its crash response wall, and this method needs power consumption, and/or produces oxidizing atmosphere, is unfavorable for that acetylene generates.Chinese patent CN200820176634.2 also uses method similar to the above; difference has tangential pore in plasma body coal dust pyrolysis reactor whole wall surrounding; fluid is imported by pore; layer protecting film is formed in reactor surface rotational flow; prevent pyrocarbon powder particles in the deposition of reactor wall, but the physical protection effect of air film is also difficult to meet the demands; according to oxygenant or steam, then can affect again the generation of acetylene.Although above method can reduce reactor wall coking speed, experimental result shows that then coking can increase sharply, and can block reactor very soon once there is local coking.
According to the record of Chinese patent CN200610041033.6, the AKAD WISS PHYS CHEM company of Germany and German HULS company adopt and are interrupted the coking of method for oxidation eliminative reaction device, but the continuous operation of reactor of this method affect.
Therefore, reactor thermal losses is there is excessive in prior art, reaction zone temperature is difficult to uniformity problem, thus reduce reaction efficiency and acetylene yield etc., although prior art to some extent solves Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor wall coking problem, in application process, create additional energy, and, the coking problem of reactor wall can not be solved in prior art completely.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that basic background technology exists; the present invention proposes a kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor; can be incubated reaction zone thus reduce heat energy loss; improve reaction zone temperature homogeneity thus improve reaction efficiency and improve acetylene yield; and avoid reactor wall coking completely, protective reaction wall is not burnt.
A kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor that the present invention proposes, reactor is installed multiple plasma generator and multiple coal dust input nozzle, the high-temperature ionized gas that plasma generator produces and the coal dust that coal dust input nozzle sprays are mixed to form coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant at inside reactor, the pyrolysis reaction section of coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant inflow reactor heats up and produces pyrolytic reaction and generates acetylene, reactor is positioned at below coal dust input nozzle and multiple pressed powder nozzle is installed, the pressed powder of multiple pressed powder nozzle ejection forms the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing at reactor wall, the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing surrounds pyrolytic reaction passage, and, the axial flow direction of the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing is consistent with the flow direction of coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant.
Preferably, the net volume thickness of the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing is 1mm≤d≤20mm, preferably, and 2mm≤d≤10mm.
Preferably, the fusing point of pressed powder is more than 1000 DEG C, and preferably, the fusing point of pressed powder is equal to or higher than coal dust fusing point; Pressed powder is not containing the carbon containing ashes of fugitive constituent after pulverized coal pyrolysis reaction, or pressed powder is that the rear carbon of pulverized coal pyrolysis reaction is by the coal ash of after-flame.
Preferably, pressed powder is delivered to pressed powder nozzle by gaseous media, or pressed powder can add water and stir into pigment and starch and be delivered to pressed powder nozzle.
Preferably, multiple pressed powder nozzle inclination insertion reaction wall face, and the vergence direction of multiple pressed powder nozzle is consistent.
Preferably, the axis of multiple pressed powder nozzle forms angle α between the projection line and the radial line of reactor cross-section of reactor cross-section, 0 ° of < α <90 °, preferably, and 10 °≤α≤80 °.
Preferably, between the axis of multiple pressed powder nozzle and reactor cross-section, form angle β, 0 ° of < β <90 °, preferably, 10 °≤β≤80 °.
Preferably, the shape of cross section of pressed powder nozzle is flat, and described flat is ellipse, kidney-shaped or rectangle, and its major axis is substantially parallel with the cross section of reactor.
Preferably, the exit end face of multiple pressed powder nozzle is concordant with the inner-wall surface of reactor.
Preferably, multiple pressed powder nozzle is evenly arranged along reactor wall circumference.
Preferably, multiple pressed powder nozzle is close to the below of coal dust input nozzle.
In the present invention, reactor is positioned at below coal dust input nozzle and multiple pressed powder nozzle is installed, the pressed powder of multiple pressed powder nozzle ejection forms the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing at the inwall of reactor, the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing surrounds pyrolytic reaction passage, and coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant reacts in pyrolytic reaction passage.The pressed powder sealing coat of flowing has good heat insulating function, is incubated reaction zone, reduces heat energy loss; The pressed powder sealing coat of flowing can withstand high temperatures, thus can improve reaction zone lip temperature and reaction zone temperature homogeneity is improved, and then improves reaction efficiency and improve acetylene yield; The pressed powder sealing coat that high-temperature gas and high temperature coal dust are difficult to penetrate flowing arrives reactor wall; guard reactor is avoided not being burnt; the carbon granule of the not pyrolysis completely hitting reactor wall is taken away by the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing, thus ensures that reactor wall does not produce coking completely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor that the present invention proposes.
Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
As Figure 1-Figure 2, Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor that the present invention proposes, and Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 1.
With reference to Fig. 1-2, a kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor that the present invention proposes, multiple arc plasma generator 1 and multiple coal dust input nozzle 2 are installed above reactor, the high-temperature ionized gas that arc plasma generator 1 produces and the coal dust that coal dust input nozzle 2 sprays carry out being mixed to form coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant, then the coal dust intensification pyrolysis reaction section below descending inflow reactor, heats up in coal dust intensification pyrolysis reaction section coal dust rapid heating and gasifies and generate acetylene; Reactor is installed multiple pressed powder nozzle 3, pressed powder nozzle 3 is positioned at below multiple coal dust input nozzle 2, pressed powder is delivered to pressed powder nozzle 3, from pressed powder nozzle 4 spray pressed powder the conversion zone inwall of reactor flow and formed flow pressed powder sealing coat B, the pressed powder sealing coat B of flowing surrounds pyrolytic reaction passage, further, the axial flow direction of the pressed powder sealing coat B of flowing and the flow direction of coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant are consistent.
In pyrolytic reaction process, pressed powder nozzle 4 sprays pressed powder, pressed powder is in delivery medium induced effect, self inertia effect, automatic action of gravity, in coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant induced effect under one or more effect, the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing is formed in the pyrolysis reaction section inwall flow process of reactor, the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing surrounds into coal dust intensification pyrolytic reaction passage, coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant carries out heating and gasifying reaction in pyrolytic reaction passage, the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing completely cuts off high-temperature gas and high temperature coal dust mixed reactant conducts heat to reactor wall, decrease heat energy loss, and sealing coat and reaction zone interface temperature are improved, thus improve reaction zone temperature homogeneity, and then improve reaction efficiency and improve acetylene yield, simultaneously, high-temperature gas and high temperature coal dust are difficult to penetrate pressed powder sealing coat and arrive reactor wall, thus protective reaction wall is not burnt, the incomplete pyrolyzing coal pruinescence pressed powder sealing coat flying to reactor wall is intercepted and captured and takes conversion zone out of along with the flowing of pressed powder sealing coat, thus ensures that reactor wall does not produce coking completely.
In the installation process of pressed powder nozzle 3, in order to ensure that pressed powder sealing coat is positioned at the periphery of coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant with isolated high-temperature gas and high temperature coal dust contact reactor wall, need pressed powder nozzle 3 to be arranged on below coal nozzle 2.In order to the inwall playing guard reactor is not better burnt and does not produce coking phenomenon; pressed powder nozzle 4 can be located at that coal dust input nozzle 2 heats up near the coal dust of reactor, conversion zone ingress; further, pressed powder nozzle 4 can be arranged on and be close to below coal dust input nozzle 2.
In order to produce the uniform pressed powder sealing coat of thickness at reactor wall, multiple pressed powder nozzle 4 is arranged on reactor equably.
In actual applications, select pressed powder character to be unreactiveness, such pressed powder forms sealing coat does not almost have chemical affect to pyrolyzing coal acetylene reaction, can not produce heat exhaustion yet.Particularly, pressed powder can by the ashes of residue carbon containing losing fugitive constituent after pulverized coal pyrolysis completely, and ashes obtains the coke granule of particle fine uniform through screening.Select the carbon containing ashes after plasma pyrolysis coal dust to be the recycle of by product, save resource.Certainly, pressed powder also can adopt other dystectic inorganic dusts, if carbon is by the coal ash etc. of after-flame.
The fusing point of pressed powder requires more than 1000 DEG C, in optimal technical scheme, the fusing point of pressed powder is equal to or higher than coal dust fusing point, can control reaction zone peripheral temperature reach coal dust fast pyrogenation and generate acetylene temperature required more than, reduce reaction zone temperature graded, thus improve the homogeneity of reaction zone temperature, improve reaction efficiency and improve acetylene yield.Because pressed powder itself has, specific heat is low, thermal conductivity is little, and has certain space, also has good heat-insulating property, thus, can improve utilization efficiency of heat energy.
In actual application, pressed powder can be delivered to pressed powder nozzle 3 by gaseous media and be delivered to inside reactor, particularly, pressed powder nozzle 3 is connected with air transporting arrangement, air transporting arrangement specifically can adopt air pump, air transporting arrangement provides gaseous media, this gaseous media can be participate in reaction gas as hydrogen, also can be do not participate in react rare gas element as nitrogen, argon gas, carbon dioxide etc.Or; pressed powder can add water and stir into pigment slurry; particularly; pressed powder nozzle 3 is connected with slurry pipeline steel device; slurry pipeline steel device connects specifically can adopt water pump or thick fluid pump etc.; pigment slurry is delivered to pressed powder nozzle 3 by slurry pipeline steel device and is delivered to inside reactor, and the pigment slurry sprayed by pressed powder nozzle forms one deck pigment slurry sealing coat at reactor wall, also can play heat waste protection and the anti-coking effect of reactor wall.
In a particular embodiment, in the pressed powder sealing coat that reactor wall is formed, after removing volume shared by gas, pressed powder net volume thickness d is greater than 1mm, particularly can between 1-20mm, preferably between 2-10mm, if too small, isolation effect is not good, if excessive, causes the wasting of resources.
Such as, the net volume of pressed powder is V, and the actual volume that occupies of the pressed powder sealing coat containing gas is U, pressed powder volume dutycycle k=(V/U)
1/3, net volume thickness is d, then the actual thickness occupied of pressed powder sealing coat is d/k.
In order to make the pressed powder sealing coat that flows even along the thickness around reactor wall and flow distribution, multiple pressed powder nozzle 3 is arranged in around reactor wall equably, and the number arranging nozzle is no less than two.In fig. 2, six pressed powder nozzles 3 are arranged on reactor equably, and the exit end of six pressed powder nozzles 3 is on the same cross section of reactor.
In fig. 2, arrange six pressed powder nozzles 3 to tilt insertion reaction wall, and, the vergence direction of multiple pressed powder nozzle 3 is consistent, thus the pressed powder making nozzle spray produces rotational flow at reactor wall, form uniform pressed powder sealing coat at reactor wall better, make again pressed powder sealing coat press close to reactor wall simultaneously.Particularly, the axis arranging pressed powder nozzle 3 forms angle α between the projection line and the radial line of reactor cross-section of reactor cross-section, 0 ° of < α <90 °, 10 °≤α≤80 ° can be selected as optimal technical scheme, such as, α=30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 70 ° etc.
In FIG, pressed powder nozzle 3 is set towards coal dust flow direction (downwards) insertion reaction wall, namely the entrance end of pressed powder nozzle 3 is set higher than exit end, make pressed powder sealing coat press close to reactor wall further and be unlikely to from reactor wall too away from.Particularly, arrange between the axis of pressed powder nozzle 3 and reactor cross-section and form angle β, 0 ° of < β <90 °, 10 °≤β≤80 ° can be selected as optimal technical scheme, such as, β=30 °, 45 °, 60 °, 70 ° etc., the emission direction of pressed powder is consistent with coal dust flow direction in reactor axis durection component.
Further, be unlikely to make pressed powder sealing coat adherent from wall too away from, the degree of depth that multiple pressed powder nozzle 3 inserts wall is not easily excessive, and the exit end face that can arrange multiple pressed powder nozzle is concordant with the inner-wall surface of reactor.
In the above-described embodiments, be uniformly distributed around reactor wall to make pressed powder sealing coat, the shape of cross section arranging multiple pressed powder nozzle 3 is flat, can be the flats such as ellipse, kidney-shaped, rectangle particularly, and, in actual installation process, the flat major axis that can arrange pressed powder nozzle 3 is substantially parallel with the cross section of reactor, and correspondingly the flat minor axis of pressed powder nozzle 3 is substantially parallel with the axis of reactor.
The isolation heat transfer of pressed powder sealing coat and mass transfer effect are directly proportional to the flow of pressed powder, so it is inverse ratio that the axial flow group velocity V of pressed powder can select with the clean thickness d of pressed powder sealing coat.In order to make powder conveyer too not complicated, the axial flow group velocity V that can arrange pressed powder is less than the axial flow group velocity of pulverized coal particle, wherein, axial flow group velocity V is pressed powder axial statistical average speed in flow process, such as, the axial flow group velocity V of pressed powder is between 0.1-100m/sec.
The present invention is except being applied to Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor; also may be used for the isolation to reaction zone and wall of other heat method pyrolysis coal dust reactors; to avoid not being burnt to reaction zone insulation and guard reactor, and ensure that reactor wall does not produce coking completely.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof and replace or change, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. an Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor, reactor is installed multiple plasma generator (1) and multiple coal dust input nozzle (2), the high-temperature ionized gas that plasma generator (1) produces and the coal dust that coal dust input nozzle (2) sprays are mixed to form coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant at inside reactor, the pyrolysis reaction section of coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant inflow reactor heats up and produces pyrolytic reaction and generates acetylene, it is characterized in that, reactor is positioned at coal dust input nozzle (2) below multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) is installed, the pressed powder that multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) sprays forms the pressed powder sealing coat (B) of flowing at reactor wall, the pressed powder sealing coat (B) of flowing surrounds pyrolytic reaction passage, and, the axial flow direction of the pressed powder sealing coat (B) of flowing is consistent with the flow direction of coal dust gas and vapor permeation reactant.
2. Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the net volume thickness of the pressed powder sealing coat of flowing is 1mm≤d≤20mm, preferably, and 2mm≤d≤10mm.
3. Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the fusing point of pressed powder is more than 1000 DEG C, and preferably, the fusing point of pressed powder is equal to or higher than coal dust fusing point; Pressed powder is not containing the carbon containing ashes of fugitive constituent after pulverized coal pyrolysis reaction, or pressed powder is that the rear carbon of pulverized coal pyrolysis reaction is by the coal ash of after-flame.
4. Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, pressed powder is delivered to pressed powder nozzle (3) by gaseous media, or pressed powder can add water and stir into pigment and starch and be delivered to pressed powder nozzle (3).
5. Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) inclination insertion reaction wall face, and the vergence direction of multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) is consistent.
6. Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the axis of multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) forms angle α between the projection line and the radial line of reactor cross-section of reactor cross-section, 0 ° of < α <90 °, preferably, 10 °≤α≤80 °.
7. Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, angle β is formed between the axis of multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) and reactor cross-section, 0 ° of < β <90 °, preferably, 10 °≤β≤80 °.
8. the Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, the shape of cross section of pressed powder nozzle (3) is flat, and described flat is ellipse, kidney-shaped or rectangle, further, its major axis is substantially parallel with the cross section of reactor.
9. the Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that, the exit end face of multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) is concordant with the inner-wall surface of reactor.
10. the Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor according to any one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) is evenly arranged along reactor circumference, further, multiple pressed powder nozzle (3) is close to coal dust input nozzle (2) below.
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| CN201410513077.9A CN104355961B (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | A kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor |
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| CN201410513077.9A CN104355961B (en) | 2014-09-29 | 2014-09-29 | A kind of Acetylene Manufactured by Coal Pyrolysis under Plasma Condition reactor |
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| CN104355961B CN104355961B (en) | 2019-08-23 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105561903A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-05-11 | 夏维珞 | Arc heating reactor for preparing acetylene from pulverized coal |
| CN105682334A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | Arc plasma reactor device |
| CN110918026A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-03-27 | 新疆粤和泰化工科技有限公司 | Coal-to-acetylene plasma reactor with coking inhibition and on-line coke cleaning functions |
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| CN1478765A (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2004-03-03 | 太原理工大学 | Method and device for preparing acetylane and carbon black |
| CN1478858A (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2004-03-03 | 太原理工大学 | Method and device for coal and methane copyrolysis |
| CN1552680A (en) * | 2003-12-18 | 2004-12-08 | 四川大学 | Method for preparing acetylene by hot plasma cracking methane containing gas |
| CN1600758A (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-03-30 | 田原宇 | Technique for producing acetylene from hot plasma of hydrocarbon and equipment |
| CN101508622A (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2009-08-19 | 清华大学 | Coal powder entrance structure applied to reactor for producing acetylene with plasma coal cracking |
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| CN1478765A (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2004-03-03 | 太原理工大学 | Method and device for preparing acetylane and carbon black |
| CN1478858A (en) * | 2003-07-03 | 2004-03-03 | 太原理工大学 | Method and device for coal and methane copyrolysis |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105561903A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-05-11 | 夏维珞 | Arc heating reactor for preparing acetylene from pulverized coal |
| CN105682334A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | Arc plasma reactor device |
| CN105561903B (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2018-08-07 | 合肥爱普利等离子体有限责任公司 | A kind of electric arc heated coal dust reactor for preparing ethyne |
| CN110918026A (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2020-03-27 | 新疆粤和泰化工科技有限公司 | Coal-to-acetylene plasma reactor with coking inhibition and on-line coke cleaning functions |
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| CN104355961B (en) | 2019-08-23 |
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Effective date of registration: 20210105 Address after: Room 505, embedded Building 1, No. 5089, Wangjiang West Road, hi tech Zone, Hefei City, Anhui Province Patentee after: HEFEI TANYI TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 230088 5089 Wangjiang West Road, Hefei high tech Zone, Anhui Patentee before: Institute of Advanced Technology University of Science and Technology of China |