CN104347937A - Three-dimensional antenna, communication system, air vehicle and transport tool - Google Patents
Three-dimensional antenna, communication system, air vehicle and transport tool Download PDFInfo
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- CN104347937A CN104347937A CN201310314829.4A CN201310314829A CN104347937A CN 104347937 A CN104347937 A CN 104347937A CN 201310314829 A CN201310314829 A CN 201310314829A CN 104347937 A CN104347937 A CN 104347937A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional antenna, a communication system, an air vehicle and a transport tool. The three-dimensional antenna is used for transmitting or receiving electromagnetic waves and comprises at least one antenna assembly which is non-planar three-dimensional geometry-shaped; and each antenna assembly includes a body and an electric conduction layer which is attached on the inner surface and/or the outer surface of the body. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the three-dimensional antenna comprises at least one antenna assembly which is non-planar three-dimensional geometry-shaped; and the electric conduction outer surface of the antenna assemblies can be respectively adopted as radiation surfaces; and therefore, the out-of-roundness of the radiation horizontal surfaces of the antenna can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication field, especially relate to a kind of three-dimensional antenna and communication system, aircraft, the means of transportation with this three-dimensional antenna.
Background technology
Antenna is a kind of converter, and it is transformed into the electric current of transmission above-the-line promotion the electromagnetic wave propagated in unbounded medium (normally free space), or carries out contrary conversion, is therefore be used for launching or receiving electromagnetic parts in wireless device.The engineering systems such as radio communication, broadcast, TV, radar, navigation, electronic countermeasures, remote sensing, radio astronomy, every electromagnetic wave that utilizes carrys out transmission of information, all relies on antenna to carry out work.In addition, transmitting in energy with electromagnetic wave, the energy emission of non-signal also needs antenna.
At present, existing antenna is all flat antenna usually, and its preparation method adopts PCB technology on pcb board, utilize the techniques such as etching to form the sheet metal of definite shape, in this, as radiation fin.Flat antenna radiation performance is limited to flat profile, is unfavorable for the homogeneous radiation of electromagnetic wave all directions, thus have impact on quality and the efficiency of communication.Therefore, be necessary that the above-mentioned defect for existing in prior art is improved.In addition, the antenna that traditional pcb board is made is not integrated, the problem that may be separated when causing resistance to shock poor, mobile.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of three-dimensional antenna and preparation method thereof and communication system, aircraft, means of transportation, and this three-dimensional antenna effectively can improve antenna radiates horizontal face deviation in roundness, thus improves quality and the efficiency of communication.
To achieve these goals, according to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of three-dimensional antenna, for launching or receiving electromagnetic wave, described three-dimensional antenna comprises the antenna module that at least one has non-planar three dimensional geometry, and described antenna module comprises idiosome and is attached to the inner surface of described idiosome and/or the conductive layer of outer surface.
Further, described idiosome is made up of composite material.
Further, described antenna module also comprises support section, and described support section is connected with described idiosome.
Further, described support section is made up of composite material.
Further, described support section and described idiosome one-body molded.
Further, described idiosome comprises at least one radiant body and coupling part; Wherein, described coupling part connects adjacent described radiant body.
Further, described antenna module also comprises support section, and described radiant body is all connected to described support section and is all in the homonymy of described support section.
Further, described radiant body is cylinder, and described cylinder is made up of multiple shell of columns that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection.
Further, described radiant body is that cylinder, centrum or the vertebra platform be electrically connected to each other by one or more is formed.
Further, described radiant body is the structure of compound shape, and its top is cylinder, and bottom is cone, and the maximum gauge of described cone is identical with described cylindrical diameter.
Further, described cylinder is made up of multiple cylindrical sections that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection, and described cone is made up of multiple cone sections that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection.
Further, described irradiator surface has corner angle.
Further, described radiant body comprises the first radiant body and the second radiant body.
Further, described coupling part is cylinder, and described cylindrical two ends are connected to described first radiant body and the second radiant body respectively.
Further, the maximum longitudinal section width of described second radiant body is greater than the longitudinal section width of described first radiant body.
Further, described 3 dimensional coil geometry is polyhedron or rotary body.
Further, described conductive layer is metal level.
Further, the inner surface of described conductive layer and/or outer surface are also attached with described composite material.
Further, described composite material is one or more the mixture in foam, honeycomb, macromolecular material, prepreg.
Further, described composite material is electrically non-conductive material.
Further, on the surface of described composite material, described conductive layer is formed by electroplating technology.
Further, on the surface of described composite material, described conductive layer is formed by barbola work.
Further, described idiosome is hollow structure.
Further, described idiosome is overall structure, adopts integral forming process to make.
Further, described three-dimensional antenna has shell, is provided with packing material between described conductive layer and described shell.
Further, described packing material is absorbing material.
Further, described packing material is reinforcing material.
The present invention also provides a kind of communication system, comprises antenna, and described antenna is above-mentioned three-dimensional antenna.
The present invention also provides a kind of aircraft, comprises antenna, and described antenna is above-mentioned three-dimensional antenna.
The present invention also provides a kind of means of transportation, comprises antenna, and described antenna is above-mentioned three-dimensional antenna.
According to technical scheme of the present invention, because three-dimensional antenna comprises the antenna module that at least one has 3 dimensional coil geometry, the conductive outer surface of this antenna module all can be used as radiating surface, effectively can improve antenna radiates horizontal face deviation in roundness.In addition, owing to adopting the mode of composite material attachment conductive layer to prepare antenna, compare the antenna that simple metal is made, the mechanical performance of three-dimensional antenna provided by the invention is better, such as lighter, mechanical strength is better.Adopt the antenna module that integral forming process is obtained, overall structure is good, not easy to crack, has good resistance to shock simultaneously.In addition, can filled and process, honeycomb etc. in the hollow structure of the idiosome of three-dimensional antenna, improve product structure stability; Also can fill absorbing material in hollow structure, reduce the probability that whole three-dimensional antenna is detected.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The Figure of description forming a part of the present invention is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the three-dimensional antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of three-dimensional antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention;
Standing-wave ratio-frequency change figure when Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional antenna operation according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
It should be noted that, when not clearly limit or when not conflicting, the feature in each embodiment of the present invention can combine mutually.Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and describe the present invention in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation for launching or receive electromagnetic three-dimensional antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention.The three-dimensional antenna that the embodiment of the present invention provides comprises the antenna module that at least one has non-planar three dimensional geometry, and one of them antenna module comprises idiosome and is attached to the inner surface of described idiosome and/or the conductive layer of outer surface.
Idiosome is made up of composite material.This composite material can be one or more the mixture in foam, honeycomb, macromolecular material, prepreg, as long as it is electrically non-conductive material.On the inner surface of idiosome and outer surface or the two one of surface on conductive layer, conductive layer is preferably metal level, such as silver foil, Copper Foil etc.This conductive layer is formed by techniques such as plating, stickups.After forming conductive layer, also can adhere to the above-mentioned composite material of one deck or other coatings again on the outer surface of conductive layer, to protect conductive layer.
In order to weight reduction, preferred idiosome is hollow structure, also can improve mechanical strength at the inside filled and process of hollow or cellular material.
Three-dimensional antenna also can have shell, between conductive layer and described shell, be provided with packing material, packing material can be electromagnetic consumable material, i.e. the electromagnetic energy reflectivity material that is less than 50%, also reinforcing material can be filled, such as foam or cellular material etc.
In addition, preferred idiosome is overall structure, adopts integral forming process to make.
Idiosome comprises at least one radiant body and coupling part 40, and coupling part 40 connects adjacent described radiant body.As shown in Figure 1, radiant body comprises the first radiant body 20 and the second radiant body 30.Further, be interconnected between these parts, together constitute the entirety of three-dimensional antenna.
Antenna module also comprises support section 10, and support section 10 is connected with described idiosome.Preferred support section 10 is made up of above-mentioned composite material, thus can be one-body molded with support section 10.Radiant body is all connected to support section 10 and is all in the homonymy of support section 10.
Wherein, support section 10 is positioned at the bottom of this three-dimensional antenna, so can provide support for other parts of this three-dimensional antenna.Support section 10 is also electrically connected with ground simultaneously, is the earth terminal of this three-dimensional antenna.
Support section can be platy structure, especially the platy structure of thin-walled, and its shape can be rectangle, circle or the regular shape such as oval, or also can according to actual needs or the needing for various irregular shape of preparation technology.
First radiant body 20 and the second radiant body 30 are as the major radiator part of this three-dimensional antenna.As shown in Figure 1, the first radiant body 20 is positioned at the side of three-dimensional antenna, and its lower end is connected to support section 10, thus the first radiant body 20 by support section 10 support and be electrically connected with it.
First radiant body 20 is preferably column structure, especially elongated column structure.Cylinder can be made up of multiple shell of columns 21 that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection.Certainly, the first radiant body 20 also can adopt the regular shape such as cone and cuboid, or also can according to actual needs or the pattern of wants of preparation technology be various irregular shapes.First radiant body 20 preferably has enough height, to increase the height of whole three-dimensional antenna, thus is conducive to the radiation effect improving this three-dimensional antenna.
Get back to Fig. 1 again, the second radiant body 30 is positioned at the opposite side of three-dimensional antenna, and its lower end is also connected to support section 10, thus the second radiant body 30 same by support section 10 support and be electrically connected with it.
Second radiant body 30 is cone shape on the whole, and its top is cylinder, and bottom is inverted cone shape, and the diameter of the maximum diameter part of this cone is identical with this cylindrical diameter.Certainly, the second radiant body 30 also can adopt pure cone shape, or adopts the shape of the frustum of a cone.Second radiant body 30 can also adopt the regular shape such as cylinder and cuboid, or according to actual needs or the pattern of wants of preparation technology be various irregular shapes.
The cylinder that second radiant body 30 can also be electrically connected to each other by one or more, centrum or vertebra platform are formed.
Especially, in three-dimensional antenna as shown in Figure 1, the maximum longitudinal section width of the second radiant body 30 is greater than the longitudinal section width of the first radiant body 20, thus, can improve this three-dimensional antenna deviation in roundness in radiation direction, thus be conducive to improving radiation efficiency.
When the first radiant body 20 in three-dimensional antenna and the second radiant body 30 adopt other regular shapes or are irregularly shaped, preferably also ensure that the maximum longitudinal section width of the second radiant body 30 is greater than the maximum longitudinal section width of the first radiant body 20, the second radiant body 30 is made to seem thicker than the first radiant body 20 on the whole, also be conducive to improving three-dimensional antenna deviation in roundness in radiation direction, thus be conducive to improving radiation efficiency.
Cylindrical two ends are connected to the first radiant body 20 and the second radiant body 30 respectively, make to realize electrical connection between the two.Coupling part 40 can adopt elongated cylindrical structure, can certainly adopt other structures such as cylinder.The link position of coupling part 40, can choose the higher position of the first radiant body 20 and the second radiant body 30, both are connected by the position that such as the first radiant body 20 is concordant with the cylinder of the second radiant body 30 topmost in FIG.
Thus, support section 10, first radiant body 20, second radiant body 30 and coupling part 40 are as each antenna module, together constitute three-dimensional antenna, the outer surface of these antenna assembly all can as radiating surface, thus can the direction of extended antenna radiation effectively, overcome the defect of prior art middle plateform shape antenna, be conducive to the quality and the efficiency that improve communication.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of three-dimensional antenna according to another embodiment of the present invention, is with difference embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, and the cylinder of the first radiant body 20 is made up of multiple shell of columns 21 that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection; Second radiant body is the structure of compound shape, its top is cylinder 31, bottom is cone 32, the maximum gauge of cone 32 is identical with the diameter of cylinder 31, and this cylinder is made up of multiple cylindrical sections that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection, this cone is made up of multiple cone sections that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection.
Both first radiant body 20 and the second radiant body 30 or the two one of surface also can have corner angle, instead of smooth curved surface.
In fact, three-dimensional antenna provided by the invention can comprise multiple antenna module with 3 dimensional coil geometry, and the plurality of antenna module is combined, and forms the entirety of three-dimensional antenna.For each antenna module of three-dimensional antenna, its 3 dimensional coil geometry can be polyhedron or rotary body, the regular shapes such as such as cylinder, cone, cuboid also can be the combinations of various regular 3 dimensional coil geometry, or various irregular 3 dimensional coil geometry.
In addition, three-dimensional antenna provided by the invention may not be the combination of multiple antenna module, but only have a structure with 3 dimensional coil geometry, such as cylinder, cone, cuboid etc., also can be the structure of the 3 dimensional coil geometry that various irregular shape is formed.Antenna module preferably has fairshaped surface, effectively can reduce windage.
In a word, three-dimensional antenna comprises the antenna module that at least one has 3 dimensional coil geometry, and this antenna module comprises composite material and is attached to the inner surface of composite material or the conductive layer of outer surface.The inner surface of conductive layer or outer surface can also be attached with composite material.
Present invention also offers a kind of communication system, comprise antenna, antenna is the three-dimensional antenna according to aforementioned any embodiment and modification thereof.Present invention also offers a kind of aircraft, comprise antenna, antenna is the three-dimensional antenna according to aforementioned any embodiment and modification thereof.Present invention also offers a kind of means of transportation, comprise antenna, antenna is the three-dimensional antenna according to aforementioned any embodiment and modification thereof.Three-dimensional antenna of the present invention goes for fixed performance will being needed good and shaking strong object in operation.
Further, three-dimensional antenna can also comprise the shell with protective effect, now, and the metal level on composite material outer surface and can space be there is between shell.In order to strengthen the overall mechanical properties of three-dimensional antenna, packing material can also be set between this metal level and shell.
Standing-wave ratio-frequency change figure when Fig. 3 is the three-dimensional antenna operation according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein abscissa is frequency (MHz), and ordinate is standing-wave ratio.Three-dimensional antenna shown in Fig. 1, after above-mentioned preparation method is obtained, carries out l-G simulation test.As shown in Figure 3, this three-dimensional antenna, in the larger frequency range of 100 hertz to 400 hertz, all can ensure that standing-wave ratio is less than 3, has met actual demand.
Especially, 1 to 4 representational point has been shown in Fig. 3, wherein, the numerical value of the 1st that standing-wave ratio is the highest is 2.8321, and corresponding frequency is 100 hertz, and the numerical value of the 4th that standing-wave ratio is minimum is 1.5313, and corresponding frequency is 400 hertz.
Table 1 below illustrates the gain of this three-dimensional antenna and the result of efficiency l-G simulation test.
Table 1
| Frequency (MHz) | Gain (dBi) | Directivity (dBi) | Efficiency (%) | Efficiency (dB) |
| 108.0 | 7.36 | 2.28 | 10.9% | -9.64 |
| 125.0 | -3.40 | 2.00 | 28.9% | -5.40 |
| 150.0 | 0.85 | 2.83 | 63.4% | -1.98 |
| 174.0 | 2.84 | 3.89 | 78.5% | -1.05 |
| 225.0 | 2.04 | 4.35 | 58.9% | -2.30 |
| 250.0 | 1.47 | 4.35 | 51.4% | -2.89 |
| 275.0 | 1.47 | 4.94 | 45.0% | -3.47 |
| 300.0 | 1.47 | 5.48 | 39.7% | -4.01 |
| 325.0 | 0.93 | 5.44 | 35.4% | -4.51 |
| 350.0 | -0.25 | 4.61 | 32.6% | -4.87 |
| 375.0 | -0.97 | 4.03 | 31.6% | -5.00 |
| 400.0 | -0.15 | 4.89 | 31.3% | -5.04 |
As can be seen from Table 1, be 108.0 to upper frequency at lower frequency be in the wider frequency range of 400.0, the gain of this three-dimensional antenna is fluctuated between-3.40 and 7.36, directivity is between 2.00 and 5.48, efficiency is respectively between 10.9% to 78.9% and between-9.64 and-1.05, can customer demand in realistic application.
Describe three-dimensional antenna of the present invention according to embodiment above, but this three-dimensional antenna is not limited in the parts described in this embodiment and/or annexation, such as, the antenna module in three-dimensional antenna can be single assembly, also can be multiple antenna module; No matter be single or multiple antenna module, each antenna module both can adopt the regular polygon shape of rule, also can adopt irregular polyhedron-shaped or rotary body.
Composite material as the matrix of three-dimensional antenna does not limit kind, as long as electrically non-conductive material.If the composite material itself adopted is rough, conventional various methods can be adopted to make it smooth.
The surface of composite material can form conductive layer by various mode.Various metal can be adopted as the material of conductive layer.Various packing material can be adopted, to improve the mechanical performance of three-dimensional antenna between conductive layer and shell.
The present invention also protects a kind of communication system with above-mentioned three-dimensional antenna, a kind of aircraft and a kind of means of transportation.Communication system is base station, radar etc. such as, and aircraft is aircraft, spaceship etc. such as, and means of transportation is automobile, steamer etc. such as.The good mechanical performance had due to this three-dimensional antenna and resistance to shock, can improve the communication stability of these communication systems aforementioned, aircraft and means of transportation.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (30)
1. a three-dimensional antenna, for launching or receiving electromagnetic wave, it is characterized in that, described three-dimensional antenna comprises the antenna module that at least one has non-planar three dimensional geometry, and described antenna module comprises idiosome and is attached to the inner surface of described idiosome and/or the conductive layer of outer surface.
2. three-dimensional antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described idiosome is made up of composite material.
3. three-dimensional antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described antenna module also comprises support section (10), and described support section (10) is connected with described idiosome.
4. the preparation method of three-dimensional antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described support section (10) is made up of composite material.
5. the preparation method of three-dimensional antenna according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described support section (10) is one-body molded with described idiosome.
6. three-dimensional antenna according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described idiosome comprises at least one radiant body and coupling part (40); Wherein, described coupling part (40) connect adjacent described radiant body.
7. three-dimensional antenna according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described antenna module also comprises support section (10), and described radiant body is all connected to described support section (10).
8. three-dimensional antenna according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described radiant body is cylinder, and described cylinder is made up of multiple shell of columns (21) that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection.
9. three-dimensional antenna according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described radiant body is that cylinder, centrum or the vertebra platform be electrically connected to each other by one or more is formed.
10. three-dimensional antenna according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described radiant body is the structure of compound shape, and its top is cylinder, and bottom is cone, and the maximum gauge of described cone is identical with described cylindrical diameter.
11. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 10, is characterized in that, described cylinder is made up of multiple cylindrical sections that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection, and described cone is made up of multiple cone sections that are overlapping up and down and electrical connection.
12. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described irradiator surface has corner angle.
13. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described radiant body comprises the first radiant body (20) and the second radiant body (30).
14. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described coupling part (40) are cylinder, and described cylindrical two ends are connected to described first radiant body (20) and the second radiant body (30) respectively.
15., according to claim 13 to the three-dimensional antenna according to any one of 14, is characterized in that, the maximum longitudinal section width of described second radiant body (30) is greater than the longitudinal section width of described first radiant body (20).
16. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described 3 dimensional coil geometry is polyhedron or rotary body.
17. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described conductive layer is metal level.
18. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the inner surface of described conductive layer and/or outer surface are also attached with described composite material.
19. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described composite material is one or more the mixture in foam, honeycomb, macromolecular material, prepreg.
20. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described composite material is electrically non-conductive material.
21. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 2, is characterized in that, form described conductive layer by electroplating technology on the surface of described composite material.
22. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 2, is characterized in that, form described conductive layer by barbola work on the surface of described composite material.
23. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described idiosome is hollow structure.
24. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described idiosome is overall structure, adopt integral forming process to make.
25. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described three-dimensional antenna has shell, are provided with packing material between described conductive layer and described shell.
26. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 23, is characterized in that, described packing material is absorbing material.
27. three-dimensional antennas according to claim 23, is characterized in that, described packing material is reinforcing material.
28. 1 kinds of communication systems, comprise antenna, it is characterized in that, described antenna is the three-dimensional antenna according to any one of claim 1 to 27.
29. 1 kinds of aircraft, comprise antenna, it is characterized in that, described antenna is the three-dimensional antenna according to any one of claim 1 to 27.
30. 1 kinds of means of transportations, comprise antenna, it is characterized in that, described antenna is the three-dimensional antenna according to any one of claim 1 to 27.
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| CN106374637A (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-02-01 | 李新奇 | Quantum field energy drawing and increasing device |
| CN112117537A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-22 | 深圳捷豹电波科技有限公司 | Antenna system and preparation method of dielectric antenna thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20151102 Address after: 518057, four building, No. 9 software building, central high tech Zone, Nanshan District hi tech Zone, Guangdong, Shenzhen Applicant after: Shenzhen Guangqi Innovative Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 518034 A international business center, No. 1061, Xiang Mei Road, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Futian District, China 18B Applicant before: Shenzhen Kuang-Chi Innovation Technology Co., Ltd. |
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