CN104334285A - Centrifugal separator - Google Patents

Centrifugal separator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104334285A
CN104334285A CN201380013225.4A CN201380013225A CN104334285A CN 104334285 A CN104334285 A CN 104334285A CN 201380013225 A CN201380013225 A CN 201380013225A CN 104334285 A CN104334285 A CN 104334285A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
whizzer
dip pipe
optimizing
high temperature
specially adapted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201380013225.4A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN104334285B (en
Inventor
拉尔夫·亚伯拉罕
多布林·托波罗夫
多梅尼科·帕沃内
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN104334285A publication Critical patent/CN104334285A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104334285B publication Critical patent/CN104334285B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/02—Construction of inlets by which the vortex flow is generated, e.g. tangential admission, the fluid flow being forced to follow a downward path by spirally wound bulkheads, or with slightly downwardly-directed tangential admission
    • B04C5/04—Tangential inlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C11/00—Accessories, e.g. safety or control devices, not otherwise provided for, e.g. regulators, valves in inlet or overflow ducting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C5/00—Apparatus in which the axial direction of the vortex is reversed
    • B04C5/12—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits
    • B04C5/13—Construction of the overflow ducting, e.g. diffusing or spiral exits formed as a vortex finder and extending into the vortex chamber; Discharge from vortex finder otherwise than at the top of the cyclone; Devices for controlling the overflow
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)

Abstract

With a method and also a device for optimizing a centrifugal separator, in particular a recirculation cyclone in a high-temperature gasifier, the degree of separation of a centrifugal separator is to be markedly increased. This is achieved in terms of the method in that, via internals on the descender tube of the centrifugal separator, a local increase in the centrifugal force is performed.

Description

Whizzer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for optimizing whizzer, being specially adapted to the recirculation cyclone (separator) in high-temperature gasification stove.
Background technology
The various designs of whizzer are known.Such as, DE10346692 A1 shows liquid drop separator, and it is positioned at the outer rotating vane placed of dip pipe end having to the transition position in hopper region, to realize the rotation of inlet air flow at hopper place.The cyclone separator that can be unlocked and close is illustrated by such as DE10205981 A1, and DE19516817 C1 shows the cyclone separator with additional element such as sparking electrode.
High-temperature gasification stove is developed the utilization in order to improve brown coal, such as, by means of fluidized bed gasifying process, by being used as the so-called high temperature Winkler (HTW further developed of Winkler coal gasification, High-Temperature Winkler) gasification furnace, wherein Winkler coal gasification is run at atmosheric pressure originally.Advantage is mainly to utilize raw material better, provides larger gasification furnace capacity and avoid the formation of accessory substance for large-scale plant.
The shortcoming of this process, one is the separative efficiency of recirculation cyclone separator is not remarkable especially, and this causes the hot gas filter that must provide cost-intensive in the downstream of this cyclone separator and unstrpped gas cooler.Another serious factor is that the dust being deposited on hot gas filter still contains a large amount of carbon.Thus this dust can not be sent to waste landfills field, and must or be returned to gasification furnace by pipeline and auger conveyor or be burned at considerable cost by means of auxiliary fuel in a separate container.
Summary of the invention
This is the origin that the present invention is contemplated, and its target is the separation degree increasing whizzer significantly, is particularly useful for the recirculating gas rotary separator in high-temperature gasification stove.
By means of in these referenced at the beginning class methods, according to a modified example of the present invention, this target is implemented by increasing the local of the centrifugal force that the internals of the dip pipe by whizzer is implemented.
In order to increase the separation capacity of cyclone separator, the method be suggested is that mobile dip pipe is inner to " dead water region (dead water region) ", and namely dip pipe is inlaid in cyclone separator prejudicially.This measure only has economic implications when newly-built cyclone separator.Transformation and the follow-up optimization carried out therefrom, can not realize in this way and economically.In contrast, the internals of dip pipe can by being reequiped without any problem.
According to the present invention, for the feasible modified example optimizing object is by arranging knockouts in the upstream of this cyclone separator entrance area, and mechanically increase the size of particle to be separated.Knockouts has the effect affecting particle size, and this realizes by improving collision rate between bulky grain and granule at the entrance area of cyclone separator, this significantly improves separation degree.Knockouts is known substantially, such as, in DE 19815976 A1, have the description about this respect.
Because cyclone separator only can run best under the running status of harshness customization, such as, when there being dust, the best tangential inlet speed entering cyclone separator is 10 meter per seconds, and when load changes, its runnability has fluctuation.By changing the cross section of whizzer entrance, this is the origin that the present invention is contemplated to optimize this cyclone separator, and it is possible for changing its cross section in a completely different way, as rear further specifically described.
The desin speed that the changeability of cross section achieves this cyclone separator is always kept constant effect.
In modified embodiment, according to the present invention, the aforementioned method step mentioned side by side is implemented.
In order to realize described target, present invention also offers device or whizzer, they are significantly different based on following characteristics: the diversion member for the fluid passage of narrowing this whizzer is provided at dip pipe place.As offered by the present invention, this element being used for narrowing fluid can be formed dish type dividing plate.
In order to realize the special fluid optimized, according to the present invention, also can provide eccentric at this, dish type dividing plate, it is arranged on the perimeter of this dip pipe roughly relative with gas access, this dividing plate is stretched to below the lower edge of gas entrance passage, and subsequently towards the lower end of this dip pipe, again narrow the tubular form into tapered manner.The position of dividing plate also can change according to the design of whizzer.
In order to realize the size mechanically increasing particle, knockouts according to the present invention is formed by the multiple tubular fluid interfering components through fluid passage, and it is arranged on the porch of whizzer.These tubular fluid interfering components can by level, vertical or be inlaid in fluid passage with unspecified angle.
As already described above, in order to the desin speed of whizzer can be kept constant, even if when load is vicissitudinous, in further modified embodiment, present invention also offers inlet fluid passage and be equipped with moveable metope or ceramic sliding, to change the cross section of this passage, improvement project may comprise: the moveable metope of horizontal or vertical direction is formed slide plate or wall unit, and it is arc in the region being transitioned into centrifuge.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Further aspect of the present invention, details and advantage are launched hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, wherein
Fig. 1 shows the rough schematic view of high temperature Winkler gasification furnace, and
Fig. 2-7 shows the rough schematic view of the whizzer of the internals with different alter.
Detailed description of the invention
In FIG, high temperature Winkler gasification system is displayed in simplified form, and charging is transported to gasification furnace 1 by it mode comprised by means of basin 2.Such as by means of auger conveyor 4, the product of bottom is discharged at tower bottom 3 place.Gas is processed in whizzer 5, and solid particle is returned in gasification furnace 1 by pipeline 6; This gas is transferred away for further PROCESS FOR TREATMENT by pipeline 7.
The modified example of the mode that the fluid in whizzer 5 is affected is shown in figures 2-7 which.
The mixture that Fig. 2 shows solid and gas is fed (arrow 8) in whizzer 5, and this mixture flows around dip pipe 9.
In order to accelerating fluid, dip pipe 9 has diversion member 10, and it is soldered on dip pipe 9 or in other certain modes as bending dividing plate and is fixed on dip pipe 9.As shown in Figure 2, dividing plate 10 is tapered, indicates lower region thereof by 10a, and in this way, the original cross-sectional of fluid passage touches again in the end of this dip pipe 9.Cleaned gas leaves whizzer 5 by conduit 7, and it is indicated by arrow 11.Solid particle leaves this separator facing downward, and this is indicated by arrow 12.
In fig. 2, the dividing plate 10 with taper 10a is reproduced in precalculated position, to provide better characteristics.This must not correspond to its actual mounted position.
In accompanying drawing below, structurally identical all elements all indicate with identical Reference numeral, and have similar arrow instruction.
With Fig. 2 unlike, in the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 3, tubular fluid interfering component 15 is inlaid in the knockouts indicated by 13 with formation in the access road 14 of whizzer 5, these elements not only can be flatly, as at this show, and can vertically or diagonal be positioned in access road 14, this is possible.
In the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the cross section entering the access road 14 of whizzer 5 can be changed by the barrier element that can rise or can decline or ceramic sliding 16.This motion mode is indicated by double-head arrow 17.
Presented in Figure 5 is that the cross section of the access road 14 allowing whizzer 5 can reformed modified example, and particularly by can to rise and the base plate that can decline changes, be formed ceramic wafer such as equally, it is denoted as 18; The possibility of motion mode is indicated by double-head arrow 19.
In figure 6, be denoted as the ceramic wafer of 20 at this, for changing described cross section, it can vertically pivotable, and this is indicated by double-headed arrow 21.
Finally, Fig. 7 also show the possibility of the cross section being reduced the admittance area entering whizzer 5 by plate 22, and it is suitable for the wall of the curved shape of separator; This motion mode is indicated by double-head arrow 23.
As front further statement ground, various measure also can be implemented in combination, such as, in order to provide the possibility of only a kind of modified example, in conjunction with knockouts 13 and flow baffle 10,10a, narrowed the cross section of access road 14 by corresponding ceramic wafer 18,20 or 22 simultaneously.
Reference numeral:
1 gasification furnace
2 storage tanks
3 tower bottom product discharge portions
4 helical feed portion
5 whizzers
6,7 pipelines
8,11,12 arrows
9 dip pipes
10,10a flow baffle
13 knockouts
14 access roades
15 flow interference elements
16 ceramic sliding
17,19,21,23 double-head arrows
18,20,22 ceramic wafers

Claims (10)

1. for optimizing the method for whizzer, being specially adapted to the recirculating gas rotary separator in high temperature gasifier, it is characterized in that, the local of centrifugal force increases implements by means of the internals of the dip pipe of described whizzer.
2. for optimizing the method for whizzer, be specially adapted to the recirculating gas rotary separator in high temperature gasifier, it is characterized in that, mechanically increase particle size to be separated and knockouts is set by the upstream of the entrance area at described whizzer implements.
3. for optimizing the method for whizzer, being specially adapted to the recirculating gas rotary separator in high temperature gasifier, it is characterized in that, the variable change of entrance cross-section is implemented in described whizzer porch.
4. for optimizing the method for whizzer, being specially adapted to the recirculating gas rotary separator in high temperature gasifier, it is characterized in that, the multiple method steps as described in claim 1-3 are implemented simultaneously.
5. for implementing the device of particularly the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, being provided at dip pipe (9) place for the diversion member (10) narrowing the fluid passage of described whizzer (5).
6. device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the dish type dividing plate (10) for narrowing described fluid passage is provided at the perimeter of described dip pipe (9).
7. device according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, eccentric, dish type dividing plate (10) is arranged on the perimeter of the described dip pipe (9) roughly relative with gas access, described dividing plate (10) is stretched under the lower edge of access road (14), and subsequently towards the bottom of described dip pipe, again narrow the tubulose into tapered manner.
8. for implementing the device of particularly method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, be made up of the flow interference element of the multiple tubuloses through described fluid passage at the described knockouts (13) at access road (14) place of described whizzer (5).
9., for implementing the device of particularly method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described access road (14) is equipped with moveable metope or ceramic sliding (16), for changing the cross section of passage.
10. device according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, the moveable metope of horizontal or vertical direction (16,18,20) is formed slide plate or wall unit (22), and it is arc in the region being transitioned into described whizzer.
CN201380013225.4A 2012-03-07 2013-02-25 Whizzer Expired - Fee Related CN104334285B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012004590A DE102012004590A1 (en) 2012-03-07 2012-03-07 centrifugal
DE102012004590.5 2012-03-07
PCT/EP2013/053661 WO2013131768A1 (en) 2012-03-07 2013-02-25 Centrifugal separator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104334285A true CN104334285A (en) 2015-02-04
CN104334285B CN104334285B (en) 2019-10-18

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CN201380013225.4A Expired - Fee Related CN104334285B (en) 2012-03-07 2013-02-25 Whizzer

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Country Link
EP (1) EP2822694B1 (en)
CN (1) CN104334285B (en)
DE (1) DE102012004590A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2822694T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2887334T3 (en)
PL (1) PL2822694T3 (en)
PT (1) PT2822694T (en)
RU (1) RU2014137999A (en)
TW (1) TW201347851A (en)
WO (1) WO2013131768A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105381891A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-03-09 东北石油大学 Adjusting method and device for improving separation efficiency of hydrocyclone
CN117816386A (en) * 2024-03-04 2024-04-05 山东鲁北化工股份有限公司 Horizontal spiral centrifuge for titanium dioxide production

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012112182A1 (en) 2012-12-12 2014-06-12 Thyssenkrupp Uhde Gmbh Method for heating a high-temperature Winkler carburetor
CN104128269A (en) * 2014-07-11 2014-11-05 中国石油大学(北京) Tangential flow type parallel cyclone separator
CN106621468A (en) * 2017-02-20 2017-05-10 福建龙净环保股份有限公司 Vortex type grey water concentration separation device
DE202021000545U1 (en) * 2021-02-13 2021-04-14 Ralf Abraham Dust cyclone with secondary separation

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US4147630A (en) * 1977-09-19 1979-04-03 Laval Claude C Hydraulic separating device with automatic flow control
US4259180A (en) * 1976-05-14 1981-03-31 Enso-Gutzeit Osakeyhtio Hydrocyclone
GB8306698D0 (en) * 1982-03-13 1983-04-20 British Petroleum Co Plc Inlet mechanism for cyclone separator
DE3230280C2 (en) * 1982-08-14 1986-09-25 Filtan, Filter-Anlagenbau GmbH, 6000 Frankfurt cyclone
DE4136935A1 (en) * 1991-11-11 1993-05-13 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Cyclone filter to selectively separate solid particles from gas - by variation of pressure pattern within cyclone chamber
CN1197695A (en) * 1998-06-02 1998-11-04 陆东山 Improved solid-liquid-gas triphase fractional cyclone
EP1059107A1 (en) * 1998-04-09 2000-12-13 Munters Euroform GmbH Separation device
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DE10135535A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-01-30 Volkswagen Ag Mist eliminator has housing with outer wall, inlets, condenser and discharge pipe, axial cyclone with deflector plates and guide vanes, immersion pipe with clean gas outlet
CN2628149Y (en) * 2003-06-24 2004-07-28 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Adjustable hydraulic swirler
CN1681602A (en) * 2002-09-17 2005-10-12 约翰·赫伯特·诺思 Improved separation apparatus
CN1974024A (en) * 2006-12-29 2007-06-06 中国石油大学(华东) Cascade cyclone separator
CN101011684A (en) * 2007-02-14 2007-08-08 云国峰 Cyclone separator
CN101184553A (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-05-21 Gl&V管理匈牙利公司 Separation of fibre pulp suspensions containing relatively heavy contaminants
CN201140118Y (en) * 2007-11-06 2008-10-29 佳得伟实业有限公司 Centrifugal separation device
CN201423316Y (en) * 2009-06-22 2010-03-17 陆飞浩 gas-liquid separator
CN201482582U (en) * 2009-08-05 2010-05-26 黄山 Novel flooding pipe of thick amour swirler
CN201482583U (en) * 2009-08-05 2010-05-26 黄山 Novel two-product heavy-medium cyclone

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DE10205981B4 (en) * 2002-02-14 2014-01-09 Mann + Hummel Gmbh Switchable cyclones for separating particles or drops from a fluid stream
GB2385896B (en) * 2002-02-27 2005-06-08 Hydro Int Plc A coupling arrangement including an expandable ring
DE10346692A1 (en) * 2003-10-08 2005-06-23 Volkswagen Ag Droplet separator, to separate fluid components from a fuel cell exhaust gas, has an agglomerator and a cyclone in a housing between the inflow and outflow with a central tube through the agglomerator away from the cyclone

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US3960734A (en) * 1972-10-10 1976-06-01 Antoni Zagorski High efficiency cyclone separator
US4259180A (en) * 1976-05-14 1981-03-31 Enso-Gutzeit Osakeyhtio Hydrocyclone
US4147630A (en) * 1977-09-19 1979-04-03 Laval Claude C Hydraulic separating device with automatic flow control
GB8306698D0 (en) * 1982-03-13 1983-04-20 British Petroleum Co Plc Inlet mechanism for cyclone separator
GB2116457A (en) * 1982-03-13 1983-09-28 British Petroleum Co Plc Inlet mechanism for cyclone separator
DE3230280C2 (en) * 1982-08-14 1986-09-25 Filtan, Filter-Anlagenbau GmbH, 6000 Frankfurt cyclone
DE4136935A1 (en) * 1991-11-11 1993-05-13 Rheinische Braunkohlenw Ag Cyclone filter to selectively separate solid particles from gas - by variation of pressure pattern within cyclone chamber
EP1059107A1 (en) * 1998-04-09 2000-12-13 Munters Euroform GmbH Separation device
CN1197695A (en) * 1998-06-02 1998-11-04 陆东山 Improved solid-liquid-gas triphase fractional cyclone
CN1353591A (en) * 1999-04-23 2002-06-12 Lg电子株式会社 Device for reducing pressure loss of cyclone dust collector
DE10135535A1 (en) * 2001-07-20 2003-01-30 Volkswagen Ag Mist eliminator has housing with outer wall, inlets, condenser and discharge pipe, axial cyclone with deflector plates and guide vanes, immersion pipe with clean gas outlet
CN1681602A (en) * 2002-09-17 2005-10-12 约翰·赫伯特·诺思 Improved separation apparatus
CN2628149Y (en) * 2003-06-24 2004-07-28 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Adjustable hydraulic swirler
CN101184553A (en) * 2005-04-29 2008-05-21 Gl&V管理匈牙利公司 Separation of fibre pulp suspensions containing relatively heavy contaminants
CN1974024A (en) * 2006-12-29 2007-06-06 中国石油大学(华东) Cascade cyclone separator
CN101011684A (en) * 2007-02-14 2007-08-08 云国峰 Cyclone separator
CN201140118Y (en) * 2007-11-06 2008-10-29 佳得伟实业有限公司 Centrifugal separation device
CN201423316Y (en) * 2009-06-22 2010-03-17 陆飞浩 gas-liquid separator
CN201482582U (en) * 2009-08-05 2010-05-26 黄山 Novel flooding pipe of thick amour swirler
CN201482583U (en) * 2009-08-05 2010-05-26 黄山 Novel two-product heavy-medium cyclone

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105381891A (en) * 2015-11-24 2016-03-09 东北石油大学 Adjusting method and device for improving separation efficiency of hydrocyclone
CN117816386A (en) * 2024-03-04 2024-04-05 山东鲁北化工股份有限公司 Horizontal spiral centrifuge for titanium dioxide production
CN117816386B (en) * 2024-03-04 2024-05-17 山东鲁北化工股份有限公司 Horizontal spiral centrifuge for titanium dioxide production

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Publication number Publication date
RU2014137999A (en) 2016-04-27
DK2822694T3 (en) 2021-09-13
WO2013131768A1 (en) 2013-09-12
ES2887334T3 (en) 2021-12-22
TW201347851A (en) 2013-12-01
EP2822694B1 (en) 2021-08-18
PT2822694T (en) 2021-09-21
PL2822694T3 (en) 2021-12-06
DE102012004590A1 (en) 2013-09-12
EP2822694A1 (en) 2015-01-14
CN104334285B (en) 2019-10-18

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