CN101475815B - Dry distillation method for oil shale material and fluidized bed dry distillation apparatus - Google Patents
Dry distillation method for oil shale material and fluidized bed dry distillation apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101475815B CN101475815B CN 200810177597 CN200810177597A CN101475815B CN 101475815 B CN101475815 B CN 101475815B CN 200810177597 CN200810177597 CN 200810177597 CN 200810177597 A CN200810177597 A CN 200810177597A CN 101475815 B CN101475815 B CN 101475815B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for performing dry distillation on oil shale substances, which comprises the following steps: a) performing dry distillation on the oil shale on a fluidized bed part of a fluidized bed dry distillation device to generate oil gas carrying with particles; and b)shunting the oil gas carrying with the particles when the oil gas rises to the upper part of a reaction cavity of the fluidized bed dry distillation device so that the oil gas enters at least two cyclone separators to perform dust removal. The method shunts the oil gas carrying with the particles after the dry distillation reaction on the upper part of the fluidized bed dry distillation device so that the oil gas enters in at least two cyclone separators to perform dust removal, thereby reducing the processing load of a single cyclone separator, and increasing the staying time of the oil gas carrying with the particles in the cyclone separators so as to improve the separation efficiency. Besides, the method can reduce the entrance velocity of the cyclone separators so as to prevent shale powder from being worn and generating fine dust which is hard to separate and further improve the separation efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for destructive distillation, be specifically related to a kind of method for destructive distillation and fluidized bed dry distillation device of oil shale material.
Background technology
Resinous shale is a kind of sedimentogeneous rock that contains 10%～50% organic matter, is the low heat value fossil oil.According to the prospecting document announcement, oil shale reserves is very abundant in the world, and the contained shale oil total amount of explored oil shale reserves is 410Gt approximately, is several times as much as the oil workable reserve 160Gt that verifies in the world, is considered to most possible one of the resource of oil of replenishing and take over.Resinous shale is heated to approximately 500 ℃ under the condition of anoxic and carries out destructive distillation, resinous shale can resolve into shale oil and carbonization gas, remaining solid residue (being also referred to as shale semicockes).Shale oil can be made oil fuel, also can further process and produce vapour, diesel oil and other chemical, and shale semicockes can be done boiler oil burning heat production and generating, and the shale ashes after the burning can be made material of construction and other chemical such as cement.
The destructive distillation on the ground of oil shale distillation liquefaction technical point and two kinds of methods of underground retoring.Underground retoring also claims on the spot destructive distillation, refers to underground resinous shale without exploitation, directly manages to heat destructive distillation underground, and shale oil and the carbonization gas of generation cause ground.This method because of the oil gas that generates easily to the subterranean strata seepage, therefore oil-collecting ratio is not high and process control is difficult, be difficult to use.
Destructive distillation on the ground refers to that oil shale recovery is transported to ground, by destructive distillation device liquefaction gas, is the major technique of present industrial application.According to handled resinous shale feedstock particle size, retorting technique can be divided into again block oil shale distillation technology and powdery shale retorting technology on the ground.Wherein, the powdery oil shale distillation process have particle little, easily mix, attention that the advantages such as heat transfer efficiency is high, oily yield is high, raw material availability is high, convenient comprehensive utilization are subject to each side.
In the powdery oil shale distillation process, the fluidized-bed oil shale distillation process is exactly a kind of advanced person's powdery oil shale distillation process.Chinese patent file 200310116687.7,200810046995.X and 200810046996.4 disclose respectively the operational path that uses the fluidized bed dry distillation resinous shale, but above document does not relate to the dust removal problem of high-temperature oil gas in the dry distillation reactor device.
Resinous shale is generally sheet, and in the process of destructive distillation, because the gasification of petrologen, resinous shale will produce many cracks and become fragile, and slightly has collision, friction will be broken into fine powder.Therefore, adopt the powdery resinous shale to carry out the growing amount of fine dust in the process of destructive distillation liquefaction very large.In the prior art, when the powdery resinous shale is carried out fluidized bed dry distillation, people have used the oil gas cyclonic separator dust removal design thinking of oil fluidized-bed Deep Catalytic Cracking process and burning device of circulating fluidized bed: namely adopt many group two stage cyclone separator series connection even organize the three-stage cyclone separator serial operation more, but do not reach good dust removing effects, but also the discharge that causes cyclonic separator is smooth or obstruction, greatly reduces on the contrary the separating effect of cyclonic separator.
The inventor finds, the characteristic of oil shale particle in retort process is different from the situation of petroleum cracking granules of catalyst on the impact that causes separate, flow, discharge etc. such as breakage properties and adhesivity etc.In the scheme of above-mentioned multi-cyclone series connection, dust-laden oil gas is once by separators at different levels, discharge from the final stage separator at last, overwhelming majority dust is captured in first step separator by being back to fluidized-bed by dipleg, and remaining a part of particle further separates in the second stage, third stage separator.Because separators at different levels are processed identical tolerance, but the Dust Capacity that air-flow carries is then fewer and feweri, grain diameter is also more and more less, and because the inlet velocity of rear class separator is more and more higher, what improve constantly enters fragmentation and the wearing and tearing that implication speed has been aggravated particle, therefore cause the particle of rear class to be difficult to separate, so that separation efficiency descends; In addition, what improve constantly enters implication speed also so that the pressure drop of separator raises step by step, and high separator pressure-drop causes the negative pressure of high separator dipleg, has increased the discharge difficulty of cyclone dip-leg, this also so that separating effect further descend.
Therefore, need a kind of method for destructive distillation that can improve the oil shale material of oil shale distillation oil gas separation.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is, a kind of method for destructive distillation that can improve the oil shale material of oil shale distillation oil gas separation is provided.
In order to solve above technical problem, the invention provides a kind of method for destructive distillation of oil shale material, comprising:
A) resinous shale is carried out the oil gas that the shale powder particulate is carried in the destructive distillation generation secretly at the Fluidized Bed Partial of fluidized bed dry distillation device;
B) the described oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly rises to and is entered at least two cyclonic separators by shunting behind the fluidized bed dry distillation device top and carry out dedusting.
Preferably, the described oil and gas content of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly that enters each cyclonic separator is substantially equal.
Preferably, the described oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly of being shunted is 10～30m/s in the inlet velocity of each cyclonic separator.
Preferably, the described speed of oil gas before fluidized bed dry distillation device top enters described two cyclonic separators of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly is no more than 1.0m/s.
Preferably, described carry secretly the shale powder particulate time of in cyclonic separator, stopping of oil gas be no more than 10s.
Preferably, the oil gas after the described oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly is separated by at least two cyclonic separators is fluidized the collection chamber at a destructive distillation device top and collects.
Preferably, the oil gas of being collected by collection chamber is transported to the fluidized bed dry distillation device and carries out fractionation outward.
Preferably, the oil gas of being collected by collection chamber is transported to the outer meticulous fly-ash separator of fluidized bed dry distillation device and carries out dedusting.
The present invention also provides a kind of fluidized bed dry distillation device that uses in technique scheme, comprising:
Reaction chamber, described reaction chamber comprise the collection chamber on top and the Fluidized Bed Partial of bottom;
At least two cyclonic separators that are installed in collection chamber below in the described reaction chamber;
Described cyclonic separator comprises that an introducing carries the entrance of the oil gas of shale powder particulate, oil gas discharger and separator cavity secretly and be connected the dipleg that is connected with the separator cavity;
The gas exhausting device of described cyclonic separator is connected with collection chamber, and the dipleg of described cyclonic separator is connected with Fluidized Bed Partial.
The invention provides a kind of method for destructive distillation of oil shale material.Because the shale opaque after the destructive distillation is crisp, frangible, the fine powder adhesivity is strong, poor fluidity, the present invention enters at least two cyclonic separators by the oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly that will generate after the oil shale distillation reaction in the shunting of the top of fluidized bed dry distillation device and carries out dedusting, the broken serious problem of the shale powder that causes of can avoiding the cyclonic separator problem of plural serial stage the problem includes: enter that implication speed raises step by step, thus avoid reducing separation efficiency.
In addition, when separating after the shale powder oil gas shunting after adopting at least two cyclonic separators with destructive distillation, in the reaction chamber of same volume, compare with the cyclonic separator of plural serial stage, the entrained particles gas volume that enters each cyclonic separator processing significantly reduces, so that gas and the particle residence time in cyclonic separator increase, thereby can significantly improve separation efficiency, more particle is separated to get off and is back to fluidized-bed from dipleg.
In addition, a plurality of cyclonic separators provided by the invention are finished separately a sepn process, so the pressure drop of cyclonic separator reduction, and the negative pressure on dipleg top is little, so the dipleg discharge of cyclonic separator is unobstructed.And when a plurality of cyclonic separators are connected in series, because the negative pressure on rear class cyclone dip-leg top constantly increases, far above the negative pressure on first step dipleg top, and the flow of particle is little, therefore the discharge problem easily occurs, reduce separation efficiency, and increased the race damage of particle.And the dipleg grain flux of single stage cyclone separator during greater than plural serial stage secondary and the grain flux of rear class dipleg, also so that the discharge of dipleg is unobstructed, improved separating effect.
And according to method provided by the invention, the pressure drop of cyclonic separator has been compared obvious reduction with the pressure drop of the multi-cyclone of series connection, therefore has obvious energy-saving effect.The oil gas of carrying fine fisssure secretly after the shunting of the present invention has lower intake velocity in the import of each cyclonic separator, can prevent further that the shale powder after the destructive distillation is broken, thereby prevent from generating finer powder, has therefore effectively improved separation efficiency.
Further, deliver to the outer meticulous fly-ash separator of reaction chamber after oil gas after the present invention also will separate is collected through collection chamber and carry out dedusting, avoid fine dust in the accumulation of reactor internal recycle, increase the burden of cyclonic separator, be conducive to control the fine powder content in the destructive distillation oil gas.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the fluidized bed dry distillation device of the dry rectificating oil shale class material that uses of method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the fluidized bed dry distillation device of the dry rectificating oil shale class material that uses of method of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the fluidized bed dry distillation device of the dry rectificating oil shale class material that comparative example uses among the present invention.
Embodiment
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just as further specifying the features and advantages of the present invention, rather than to the restriction of claim of the present invention.
See also Fig. 1, the schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the fluidized bed dry distillation device that the dry rectificating oil shale that uses for the present invention is used.The fluidized bed dry distillation device comprises reaction chamber 1, and this reaction chamber can be made with the metallic substance such as nickelalloy of stainless steel, high-temperature corrosion resistance, and reaction chamber is that stainless steel is made.Reaction chamber 1 comprises the Fluidized Bed Partial 13 of larger-diameter first a round shape part 11, small diameter basically along extending vertically, connects the barrel portion of falling the frustum of a cone 12 of the first round shape part 11 and Fluidized Bed Partial 12.The first round shape partly is dilute phase space, and cyclonic separator is installed in the first round shape part, on the top of the first round shape part 11, is provided with a collection chamber 11a, and collection chamber is used for collecting the gas that produces through after the cyclonic separator separation.
In the first round shape part 11, the cyclonic separator of two same structures is installed, for the quantity of cyclonic separator, be at least two, also can be for more than three.Take one of them cyclonic separator as example, specify its structure.The dipleg 21d that cyclonic separator comprises that the entrance 21a of the oil gas of shale powder particulate is carried in an introducing secretly, the oil gas expellant gas vent pipe 21c with the separator cavity 21b of shale powder particulate and gas-oil separation, after will separating, the shale powder particulate after will separating send Fluidized Bed Partial back to, on the cavity that is installed in separator that gas outlet pipe is vertical, dipleg 21d end is equipped with lock gas discharge mechanism, this lock gas discharge mechanism can be suspended on the fluidized-bed dilute phase, also can extend in the reactive material of the close phase part of fluidized-bed, lock gas discharge mechanism is specially a contrary weight valve 22a.For lock gas discharge mechanism, can also use other form, such as Ji valve, J type valve, L-type valve etc., the present invention is not particularly limited this.
Sidewall at reaction chamber 1 is connected with feed-pipe 31, and shale powder enters in the Fluidized Bed Partial 13 through feed-pipe 31.
On the bottom sidewall of the Fluidized Bed Partial 13 of reaction chamber 1, be connected with steam pipeline 15, described steam pipeline is used for introducing the oil gas that steam is replaced the particle entrainment of whereabouts.
Be connected with drainage conduit 14 straight down in Fluidized Bed Partial 13 bottoms, the effect of drainage conduit is that the shale semicockes that generate after the reaction are delivered to retrieving arrangement, as burns in the device of making charcoal.
Below, dry distillation method of oil shale provided by the invention is described: shale powder raw material and thermal barrier are delivered to Fluidized Bed Partial by feed-pipe 31, make shale powder in approximately 470 ℃～550 ℃ scope, carry out pyrogenation and carbonization, the oil gas of carrying the shale particulate secretly that produces after the destructive distillation rises to the top of reaction chamber, linear velocity at the oil gas on reaction chamber top is no more than 1m/s, then under the effect of at least two cyclone inlet 21a, the oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly is shunted enters respectively a plurality of cyclonic separators, the inlet velocity of each cyclonic separator can be 10m/s～30m/s, preferably, the inlet velocity of each cyclonic separator is 14m/s～16m/s.
In cyclonic separator, when the oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly flows in the eddy current mode, shale particulate and oil gas are separated, shale particulate after the separation is back to Fluidized Bed Partial through the contrary weight valve 23a on the dipleg, and the oil gas that the gas outlet pipe 21c of the oil gas process cyclonic separator after the separation enters collection chamber 11a collection can directly carry out oil gas condensation, fractionation operation.
According to method provided by the invention, because many cyclonic separators separate the oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly simultaneously, the treatment capacity of every cyclonic separator greatly reduces, and the gas-solid residence time increases, and therefore can improve separation efficiency.In addition, shale powder enters two cyclonic separators and separates simultaneously through after the destructive distillation, because the inlet velocity of every cyclonic separator reduces greatly, has therefore reduced wearing and tearing and the fragmentation of shale powder, has effectively improved separation efficiency.
In addition, the pressure drop of single stage cyclone separator is low, and the negative pressure on dipleg top is little, helps the discharge of dipleg unobstructed.Secondary when the grain flux of single stage cyclone separator dipleg is much higher than plural serial stage simultaneously and the grain flux of rear class dipleg, this can not produce the obstructed problem of discharge so that the particle discharge is unobstructed yet.
Oil shale material of the present invention can comprise resinous shale, coal, coal gangue, mud coal, peat etc.
Can also be further improved aforesaid method, see also Fig. 2, be the schematic diagram of the second embodiment of fluidized bed dry distillation device provided by the invention.Be with the difference of the first embodiment: in the second embodiment, contain three or many cyclonic separators; In addition, the present invention further provides the meticulous fly-ash separator 41 that is communicated with collection chamber outside reaction chamber, and connected storage device 42 is arranged below meticulous fly-ash separator.In the oil gas that collection chamber is collected, generally can contain 10 microns～fine dust below 20 microns, therefore the present invention further provides and adopt meticulous fly-ash separator to remove fine dust in the oil gas oil gas.Introduce follow-up condensation, fractionation workshop section liquefaction and non-condensable gas from meticulous fly-ash separator 41 comparatively clean oil gas out, introduce storage device 42 rear coolings with the fine dust of meticulous fly-ash separator 41 separation and collections, use it for anything else.
Below with specific embodiment the validity of method provided by the invention is described.
Embodiment
Prepare fluidized-bed experimental installation as shown in Figure 1, the diameter of two cyclonic separators is 300mm, and reactor for treatment tolerance is 1000m
3/ h～1500m
3/ h.
Be that 15～18 microns shale ashes are delivered to the Fluidized Bed Partial 13 in the fluidized bed dry distillation device 11 with median size, send into air at room temperature in the Fluidized Bed Partial to form fluidized-bed.
The shale powder particulate is risen to the top of reaction chamber by gas entrainment in fluidized-bed, the granule density of cyclone inlet is 10g/m
3, separator pressure-drop is 3～5.6KPa, separation efficiency is 95.2%～95.8%.
Comparative example
Prepare fluidized-bed experimental installation as shown in Figure 3, two cyclonic separators with embodiment 1 same diameter are installed in series in reaction chamber, oil gas after namely a cyclonic separator separates is sent into another cyclonic separator and is carried out the Re-isolation dedusting, and other index of fluidizer is identical with embodiment 1.The shale granule density of primary cyclone entrance is 10g/m
3, the stagnation pressure of two separator series connection is reduced to 5.1～7.5KPa, and total efficiency of separation is 94.1%～94.6%.
According to above contrast as can be known, according to method provided by the invention, improve the separation efficiency of oil shale distillation oil gas, and the separation pressure drop is lowered, be conducive to reduce energy consumption.
Above oil shale retort method provided by the present invention and fluidized bed dry distillation device are described in detail.Used specific case herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the method for destructive distillation of an oil shale material comprises:
A) resinous shale is carried out the oil gas that the shale powder particulate is carried in the destructive distillation generation secretly at the Fluidized Bed Partial of fluidized bed dry distillation device;
B) the described oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly rises to be shunted behind the fluidized bed dry distillation device top and enters respectively at least two cyclonic separators and carry out dedusting,
The described oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly of being shunted is 10～30m/s in the inlet velocity of each cyclonic separator;
The time that the described oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly stops in cyclonic separator is no more than 10s;
The described oil and gas content of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly that enters each cyclonic separator is substantially equal.
2. method for destructive distillation according to claim 1 is characterized in that the described speed of oil gas before fluidized bed dry distillation device top enters described two cyclonic separators of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly is no more than 1.0m/s.
3. according to claim 1 to 2 each described method for destructive distillation, it is characterized in that the oil gas after the described oil gas of carrying the shale powder particulate secretly is separated by at least two cyclonic separators is fluidized the collection chamber collection at a destructive distillation device top.
4. method for destructive distillation according to claim 3 is fractionated after it is characterized in that being transported to outside the fluidized bed dry distillation device by the oil gas that collection chamber is collected.
5. method for destructive distillation according to claim 4 is characterized in that being transported to the outer meticulous fly-ash separator of fluidized bed dry distillation device by the oil gas that collection chamber is collected carries out dedusting.
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| CN 200810177597 CN101475815B (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2008-11-25 | Dry distillation method for oil shale material and fluidized bed dry distillation apparatus |
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| CN 200810177597 CN101475815B (en) | 2008-11-25 | 2008-11-25 | Dry distillation method for oil shale material and fluidized bed dry distillation apparatus |
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| CN101475815B true CN101475815B (en) | 2013-04-24 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101991993B (en) * | 2009-08-24 | 2012-09-05 | 中国中煤能源集团有限公司 | Dust removal device |
| CN102304375A (en) * | 2011-08-18 | 2012-01-04 | 曹祖斌 | Oil sand/shale fluidized retorting method and system used thereby |
| CN103131448B (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2014-04-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for fluid-bed destructive distillation of oil shale |
| CN103131446B (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2014-04-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for fluid-bed destructive distillation of oil shale |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1165052A (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 1997-11-19 | 中国石油化工总公司 | Cyclone type gas-solid quick separating and extraction method and device for hoisting pipe reaction system |
| CN101280200A (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2008-10-08 | 珠海拓普能源科技有限公司 | Dry distillation system for directly producing gasoline and diesel oil from oil shale(coal), process thereof |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1165052A (en) * | 1996-03-22 | 1997-11-19 | 中国石油化工总公司 | Cyclone type gas-solid quick separating and extraction method and device for hoisting pipe reaction system |
| CN101280200A (en) * | 2008-06-04 | 2008-10-08 | 珠海拓普能源科技有限公司 | Dry distillation system for directly producing gasoline and diesel oil from oil shale(coal), process thereof |
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