CN104303670A - Water and fertilizer management method for apples under drought stress - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer management method for apples under drought stress Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303670A CN104303670A CN201410649462.6A CN201410649462A CN104303670A CN 104303670 A CN104303670 A CN 104303670A CN 201410649462 A CN201410649462 A CN 201410649462A CN 104303670 A CN104303670 A CN 104303670A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and discloses a water and fertilizer management method for apples under drought stress. The management method is characterized in that the drought resistance ability of apple trees is improved through the utilization of glycine betaine, fertilization and irrigation. The management method is energy-saving and environment-friendly, has no damage to soil, and can protect soil; the occurrence of diseases and pests can be inhibited to a certain extent, so as to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and achieve edible safety of products; the yield and quality of apples are improved, and the pure flavor of the original variety is preserved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of planting of fruit tree, specifically the water and fertilizer management way of a kind of apple under drought stress.
Background technology
Apple is rose family Maloideae Malus, deciduous tree.The fruit of apple is rich in minerals and vitamins, is a kind of fruit that people are the most edible.Apple is one of main fruit trees kind of northern China cultivation, and one of major economic crops of Ye Shi China agricultural production is planted in arid, semiarid zone, often because the quality and yield of arid to apple has a huge impact mostly.
The technological means that effectively can improve apple tree drought resistance mainly contains following 3 kinds:
(1) kind of strong drought resistance is selected to do stock grafting, this method is obvious to apple drought resistance improved effect, but manual labor amount is large, the survival rate of the direct graftings of factor such as the management after the compatibility of stock and scion, weather and grafting, uncertain factor is many, and grafting may make the taste of fruit of original kind change.
(2) use technique for gene engineering to be imported by resistant gene in the apple cells needing improvement, cultivate the transgenic apples with excellent drought resistance.This means technical sophistication, cost is high and success rate is low, the most important thing is that the safety of genetically modified food remains query.
(3) amount of application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is increased, improve the content of phosphorus and potassium in fruit tree thus reduce plasmic osmotic pressure, reach the effect improving drought resistance, this method can strengthen the drought resistance of apple tree and also improve to the yield and quality of Apple, but also there is very large problem, the absorption of plant to fertilizer is not completely, also can accumulate in soil while increasing the amount of application of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer in a large number cannot absorbed mineral salt, spoiled soil structure, can cause soil secondary salinization for a long time.
Although said method improves drought resistance of fruit trees positive effect, due to defect and some odjective causes of respective method, apply in actual production and often can pay a high price, lose more than gain.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the water and fertilizer management way of a kind of apple under drought stress, this water and fertilizer management way with organic manure and exogenous betaine for technological core, utilize the outstanding physicochemical property that organic manure and betain show in agricultural planting, coordinate scientific and reasonable application process, reach the object significantly improving apple tree drought resistance.This water and fertilizer management way is simple, water saving, easy to operate, spoiled soil on the contrary can soil protection, while raising drought resistance of fruit trees, also can play certain inhibitory action to damage by disease and insect; the apple production produced is high; product are of fine quality, pure flavor, do not have potential safety hazard.
Betain is a kind of water-soluble alkaloid, and sterling is white flaky crystals, pleasantly sweet, the easy moisture absorption, easily be absorbed by plants, excitant is little, very easily water-soluble, has good stability to soda acid, use safety, has no side effect, all containing this composition in many plants.Betain has sterilization, antistatic, the effect of activity that maintains Premeabilisation of cells pressure, protection biology enzyme; there is the characteristic of bactericide, hygroscopic agent and anti-steaming agent simultaneously; in crops blade, betain accumulation can improve its drought resistance, and cost is lower, and action effect is obvious.The present invention introduces exogenous betaine in apple production, in conjunction with the rational organic manure fertilizer practice of science, forms a set of better water and fertilizer management way, improves apple tree drought resistance; protection of the environment, suppresses damage by disease and insect, apple production is improved; of fine qualities, pure flavor, edible safety is relieved.
The present invention is achieved in that
Fertilising: main basal dressing, base manure is organic manure, and the most suitable autumn executes, and does not execute or Shaoshi chemical fertilizer, if base manure amount of application is sufficient, can not imposes fertilizer and foliage fertilizer, only spray aqueous solutions of betaine.As topdressed, betain jointly topdresses and uses after can mixing with fertilizer or foliage fertilizer, and without the need to spraying aqueous solutions of betaine in addition, betain also can be used separately.Mix with fertilizer and foliage fertilizer, the consumption of exogenous betaine is, mixes 1 ~ 1.5kg/ ton with water, mixes 1 ~ 2kg/ ton with fertilizer.
Pour water: as conditions permit, adopt infiltrating irrigation or drip irrigation technique, Fertilizers technology and betain, effectively can play the effect of water saving arid.The cost of building infiltrating irrigation or drip irrigation facility is every mu about 400 yuan.As condition does not allow to build, then the irrigation method of Traditional Method is used also can.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) can significantly improve the drought resistance of apple tree; (2) energy-saving and environmental protecting, can not spoiled soil, can also play a protective role to soil; (3) use can be done to certain suppression of playing of damage by disease and insect, reduce fertilizer and pesticide consumption, make product edible safety relieved; (4) improve apple production and quality, keep the pure local flavor of original kind.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, fertilising
1. base manure:
Based on application of organic fertilizers material, do not execute or Shaoshi chemical fertilizer.The most suitable autumn executes, the time of autumn basal dressing, after gathering with medium variety, late variety gather before for best, be generally late September to early October.
Organic manure has lot of advantages compared with chemical fertilizer:
(1) content of organic matter is high: because the content of organic matter is high, can improve soil physical and chemical property after using, and strengthens the ability of soil water-retaining, fertilizer conservation, fertilizer.High-quality organic manure also has amino acid and the high feature of potassium fulvate content, is applicable to organic farming and produces;
(2) beneficial microbe content is high: after entering soil, include multiple organic media in soil, to increase several functions microorganism produce a large amount of secondary metabolites in growth and breeding process, impel organic decomposition and inversion, directly or indirectly for crop provides multiple nutrients and pungent, can promote and regulation and control plant growth.Meanwhile, at the advantage profitable strain that crop root is formed, harmful pathogen procreation can be suppressed, strengthen the degeneration-resistant resistance against diseases of crop;
(3) nutritive element is comprehensive, fertilizer efficiency is lasting: include the medium trace element such as macronutrient and Ca, Mg, B, Zn, Mn, Mo such as N, P, K, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (N+P
2o
5+ K
2o)>=4% (national sector standard), under the effect of useful edaphon and organic colloid, makes the various utilization rate of fertilizer used improve, persistent;
(4) reducing environmental pollution: safe, nontoxic, free from environmental pollution with poultry to people, is a kind of environment-friendly type fertilizer;
(5) Benefits in economic and social terms is high: water saving 50% ~ 80%, saving chemical fertilizer 20% ~ 30%, minimizing expense, reduction orchard worker investment, improves soil porosity, penetrating exchangeability and plant survival rate, increase beneficial bacterium and edaphon and population;
(6) crop yield and quality is improved, oil recovery enhancement;
(7) overcome continuous cropping obstacle, strengthen crop resistance, reduce the use of agricultural chemicals;
Autumn basal dressing, has following benefit:
(1) soil temperature of apple main Root Distribution layer is more suitable, and root volume is large, and absorbing function is also more active, is conducive to Root Absorption after fertilising.
(2) be conducive to the photosynthetic efficiency improving blade after fertilising, increase the accumulation of carbohydrate.
(3) Fertilizer In Autumn organic manure, has the more sufficient time for Root Absorption, running, and storage is got up in tree body.Long-term fertilizer test proves, fertilizing in autumn, before sprouting to bud in spring next year, and the content of starch in Apple Shoots Cultured, nitrogen content, and the catalase activity in tender shoots is all significantly increased.Dry all increments are large, and the bud quality is good, and reproductive development is perfect, bears fruit and increases, and fruit yield and quality are all significantly increased.
Therefore, Fertilizer In Autumn base manure is the important step of apple orchard fertilizer practice, is also the basis of annual fertilising.The fertilizing amount of base manure for minimum standard, can increase the amount of application of organic manure with " jin fruit jin is fertile " on this basis in right amount.
2. topdress:
Topdress and can impose fertilizer and impose foliage fertilizer, if base manure fertilizing amount is sufficient, then need not topdresses, only spray aqueous solutions of betaine.
The collocation method of aqueous solutions of betaine is, gets appropriate exogenous betaine crystal, and being dissolved in the water according to the consumption of 1 ~ 1.5kg/ ton gets final product configuration successful, meets with Severe Drought Stress, suitably can increase the consumption of exogenous betaine.
Spray aqueous solutions of betaine separately, synchronously can carry out with pouring water.
If desired topdress, together using with topdressing after betain can being mixed respectively with fertilizer and foliage fertilizer, not needing to spray aqueous solutions of betaine in addition.Fertilizer directly can mix with exogenous betaine, and betain consumption is 1 ~ 2kg/ ton; Exogenous betaine mixes with foliage fertilizer after needing dilute with water again, and the dilution consumption of betain is 1 ~ 1.5kg/ ton.
The mixed solution of foliage fertilizer and exogenous betaine, the spray fertile time preferably carries out in the morning of cloudy day or fine day and afternoon, and temperature 18 ~ 25 DEG C is most suitable, and at this moment fertilizer and the betain long period on blade keeps moisture state, extends soak time.Temperature is too high, and solution concentrates very soon, reduces fertilizer efficiency and even can produce poisoning.Foliage-spray requires face of blade, the back side all will be sprayed onto, and can also spray with penetration enhancement to positions such as branches.
Embodiment 2, pours water
As conditions permit, adopt infiltrating irrigation or drip irrigation technique, Fertilizers technology and betain, effectively can play the effect of water saving arid.The cost of building infiltrating irrigation or drip irrigation facility is every mu about 400 yuan.As condition does not allow to build, then the irrigation method of Traditional Method is used also can.
When being used alone aqueous solutions of betaine, watering apple tree base portion with the aqueous solutions of betaine configured, then pour water, make betain go deep into soil, be easy to root absorption; Acrial part uses agroatomizer to fill the aqueous solutions of betaine configured, and sprays the branch of apple tree and blade.
Apple tree should be determined, the principle of GPRS " with drought with watering " according to rainfall, soil lack of water situation and fruit tree law of needing the water the period of watering, and accomplishes to water, arranges, protects, economizes on water and lay equal stress on, grasp flexibly, be roughly divided into following period:
(1) budding period waters: this phase waters and is conducive to young sprout growth, is conducive to blooming, setting, also can alleviate late frost harm.
(2) in flowering stage: this phase waters and can significantly improve percentage of fertile fruit, shoot and leaf growth and young fruit development is promoted.
(3) young sprout Growth spurt: this phase is " critical period of water need ", don't fail to water in good time, but can not water dilutional hyponatremia, otherwise can cause prosperous length and be unfavorable for flower_bud formation.
(4) fruit expanding period: this phase should grasp not non-irrigated principle of not watering.Especially before fruit harvesting 30 to 50 days, more can not water more, be conducive to like this improving fruit quality.
(5) later stage: this phase waters and can carry out in conjunction with autumn basal dressing.
(6) before frozen soil: now water hydraulic pressure and freeze, be beneficial to fruit tree safe overwintering.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the water and fertilizer management way of apple under drought stress, is characterized in that, realizes by the following method:
1) apply fertilizer: main basal dressing, base manure is organic manure, and the most suitable autumn executes, and does not execute or Shaoshi chemical fertilizer, if base manure amount of application is sufficient, can not imposes fertilizer and foliage fertilizer, only spray aqueous solutions of betaine.As topdressed, betain jointly topdresses and uses after can mixing with fertilizer or foliage fertilizer, and without the need to spraying aqueous solutions of betaine in addition, betain also can be used separately.Mix with fertilizer and foliage fertilizer, the consumption of exogenous betaine is, mixes 1 ~ 1.5kg/ ton with water, mixes 1 ~ 2kg/ ton with fertilizer.
2) pour water: as conditions permit, adopt infiltrating irrigation or drip irrigation technique, Fertilizers technology and betain, effectively can play the effect of water saving arid.The cost of building infiltrating irrigation or drip irrigation facility is every mu about 400 yuan.As condition does not allow to build, then the irrigation method of Traditional Method is used also can.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410649462.6A CN104303670A (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 | Water and fertilizer management method for apples under drought stress |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410649462.6A CN104303670A (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 | Water and fertilizer management method for apples under drought stress |
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| CN104303670A true CN104303670A (en) | 2015-01-28 |
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| CN201410649462.6A Pending CN104303670A (en) | 2014-11-15 | 2014-11-15 | Water and fertilizer management method for apples under drought stress |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106233908A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-12-21 | 上海环垦生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method |
| US20170036966A1 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-02-09 | True Organic Products, Inc. | Betaine based organic fertilizer |
| US9815744B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-11-14 | True Organic Products, Inc. | pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer |
| US10301226B2 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2019-05-28 | True Organic Products, Inc. | Ph adjusted organic fertilizer from anaerobic digestate and grain by-products |
| US11155504B1 (en) | 2019-01-10 | 2021-10-26 | True Organic Products, Inc. | Combination fertilizer |
-
2014
- 2014-11-15 CN CN201410649462.6A patent/CN104303670A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20170036966A1 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-02-09 | True Organic Products, Inc. | Betaine based organic fertilizer |
| US9850178B2 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2017-12-26 | True Organic Products, Inc. | Betaine based organic fertilizer |
| US9815744B2 (en) | 2015-09-24 | 2017-11-14 | True Organic Products, Inc. | pH adjusted betaine based organic fertilizer |
| US10301226B2 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2019-05-28 | True Organic Products, Inc. | Ph adjusted organic fertilizer from anaerobic digestate and grain by-products |
| CN106233908A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2016-12-21 | 上海环垦生态科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Mali pumilae water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method |
| CN106233908B (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2021-05-25 | 上海环垦生态科技股份有限公司 | Water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method for apples |
| US11155504B1 (en) | 2019-01-10 | 2021-10-26 | True Organic Products, Inc. | Combination fertilizer |
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Application publication date: 20150128 |