CN104284795B - 汽车驱动*** - Google Patents

汽车驱动*** Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104284795B
CN104284795B CN201380024481.3A CN201380024481A CN104284795B CN 104284795 B CN104284795 B CN 104284795B CN 201380024481 A CN201380024481 A CN 201380024481A CN 104284795 B CN104284795 B CN 104284795B
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mentioned
system portion
drive system
clutch
driving force
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CN104284795A (zh
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指宿明
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GKN Driveline Japan Ltd
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GKN Driveline Japan Ltd
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Priority to CN201810272561.5A priority Critical patent/CN108466545B/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08—Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/119—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of all-wheel-driveline means, e.g. transfer gears or clutches for dividing torque between front and rear axle
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/344—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear
    • B60K17/346—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear
    • B60K17/3462—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having a transfer gear the transfer gear being a differential gear with means for changing distribution of torque between front and rear wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3515—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with a clutch adjacent to traction wheel, e.g. automatic wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)

Abstract

驱动***将包含发动机的变速器的第1驱动力传递到第1车轴以及第2车轴。该驱动***具备：与上述第1车轴驱动结合而将上述第1驱动力向上述第1车轴常时传递而进行驱动的第1驱动***部；与上述第2车轴驱动结合的第2驱动***部；设置于上述第1驱动***部和上述第2驱动***部之间，且能够将上述第1驱动力的一部分传递到上述第2驱动***部的中间***部；与上述中间***部驱动连结而向上述中间***部赋予第2驱动力的电动马达；将上述第1驱动***部以能够脱开连结的方式连结于上述中间***部的第1离合器；以及将上述中间***部以能够脱开连结的方式连结于上述第2驱动***部的第2离合器。

Description

汽车驱动***
技术领域
本发明涉及能够从二轮驱动模式切换为四轮驱动模式的汽车的驱动***，特别是涉及能够在二轮驱动模式时将其一部分从驱动***分离的驱动***。
背景技术
所谓的分时四轮驱动的汽车具备通过一次驱动***而常时驱动的一次车轴(例如前车轴)和通过二次驱动***驱动的二次车轴(例如后车轴)。切换装置将二次驱动***从一次驱动***分离时，汽车通过二轮驱动模式行驶。若切换装置将二次驱动***与一次驱动***连结，则通过传动轴而向二次驱动***传递驱动力，实现四轮驱动模式。
上述的切换如果没有转速同步啮合机构，则只能在车辆停止的状态下实现，但也已知在行驶中能够切换的驱动***。在后者的驱动***中常常使用摩擦闭锁式离合器。相关的技术在专利文献1公开。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利申请公开2009－269605号
发明内容
根据专利文献1所公开的技术，在将二次驱动***分离的状态(二轮驱动模式)中，从驱动力和二次车轴的驱动轮分离位于切换装置和摩擦闭锁式离合器之间的二次驱动***部分。此时驱动力不承担二次驱动***部分的加速以及减速，所以所述构成有助于油耗的降低。另一方面，从二轮驱动模式向四轮驱动模式切换时，必须使停止的二次驱动***部分由摩擦闭锁式离合器的摩擦力来加速，以实现二次车轴的转速同步。驱动能量的一部分作为摩擦热损失，有损于对于输出的响应，有损于油耗的降低，而且产生的这样大的摩擦热显著地消耗离合器。本发明是鉴于这些的问题而完成的。
根据本发明的一方面，驱动***将包含发动机的变速器的第1驱动力传递到第1车轴以及第2车轴。该驱动***具备：与上述第1车轴驱动结合而将上述第1驱动力向上述第1车轴常时传递而进行驱动的第1驱动***部；与上述第2车轴驱动结合的第2驱动***部；设置于上述第1驱动***部和上述第2驱动***部之间，且能够将上述第1驱动力的一部分传递到上述第2驱动***部的中间***部；与上述中间***部驱动连结而向上述中间***部赋予第2驱动力的电动马达；将上述第1驱动***部以能够脱开连结的方式连结于上述中间***部的第1离合器；以及将上述中间***部以能够脱开连结的方式连结于上述第2驱动***部的第2离合器。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的第1实施方式的驱动***的示意图。
图2是表示本发明的第2实施方式的驱动***的示意图。
图3是表示本发明的第3实施方式的驱动***的示意图。
图4是表示本发明的第4实施方式的驱动***的示意图。
具体实施方式
参照附图1至4，以下对本发明的几个例示的实施方式进行说明。
在整个说明书以及附上的权利要求书中，只要没有特别的说明，发动机是包含内燃机和电动马达的广义的驱动力源的意思。
以下对本发明的第1实施方式进行说明。该说明中，以发动机与前车轴常时连接的前轮驱动为主的车辆为例，所以第1车轴为前车轴，第2车轴为后车轴，然而该关系也可以相反。而且本实施方式也能够应用于后轮驱动为主的车辆或其他的例。
参照图1，具备发动机9的车辆经由变速器11对驱动***1传递驱动力。驱动***1具备第1驱动***部3、第2驱动***部5、包含设置在其间的传动轴37的中间***部。第1驱动***部3将传递来的驱动力经由前差速器13向前车轴15、17常时传递，并驱动这些前车轴15、17。第2驱动***部5经由后差速器63将后车轴75、77驱动结合。中间***部在与两驱动***部3、5连结时，将传递到第1驱动***部3的驱动力的一部分传递到第2驱动***部5。
驱动***1还具备第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39。第1离合器机构35将第1驱动***部3以可脱连结的方式连结于中间***部。而且第2离合器机构39将中间***部以可脱连结的方式连结于第2驱动***部5。即，若第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39都脱开连结，则驱动力只传递到前轮，所以车辆以前轮驱动模式行驶，在都连结的情况下，对后轮也传递驱动力，所以车辆以四轮驱动模式行驶。
并且驱动***1具备电动马达7，该电动马达7与中间***部驱动连结。电动马达7驱动包含传动轴37的中间***部，以此在向四轮驱动模式转移时没有离合器的摩擦而实现转速的同步。
更详细说明，在发动机9能够适用如汽油发动机的内燃机。也可以与内燃机组合，或代替来使用电动马达或其他的驱动力源。发动机9经由变速器11与前差速器13连接。变速器11与现有技术中的变速器相同，其自身能够进行驱动力的断开连接的切换。
第1驱动***部3具备前差速器13。前差速器13的整体也可以收纳并支承于与变速器11结合的外罩19。前差速器13经由内齿轮21从变速器11接受驱动力，其壳体47绕轴旋转。
壳体47内包锥齿轮式或者其他形式的差速器齿轮组。在差速器齿轮组的侧面齿轮23、25分别连结左右的中间轴27、29，在中间轴27、29上还连结有前车轴15、17。以此，前差速器13将接受来的驱动力差动地分配到前车轴15、17。前车轴15、17分别与前车轮31、33连结，以此，驱动力驱动前车轮31、33，不会失去牵引力而使车体行驶。
驱动***1为了将上述驱动力的一部分传递给中间***部，具备分动器(トランスファ)41。分动器41具备分动器箱43，分动器箱43例如与外罩19结合而内部相互连通。
分动器41具备收纳于分动器箱43的第1离合器机构35。第1离合器机构35，在一方具备与前差速器13的壳体47连结的中空轴45，以此接受施加于壳体47的驱动力的一部分。第1离合器机构35，在另一方具备具有内齿轮49的中间轴。内齿轮49与小齿轮53啮合，小齿轮53与输出轴51结合。内齿轮49和小齿轮53都是锥齿轮，所以输出轴51相对于前车轴15、17成适当的角度例如90°地引出到分动器箱43外。
在第1离合器机构35应用如爪型离合器那样的啮合离合器，然而也可以应用例如如摩擦离合器那样其他形式的离合器。第1离合器机构35具备螺线管、电动马达、或者利用液压装置的促动器，能够切换为连结和脱开连结。若第1离合器机构35连结，则上述的中空轴45和中间轴连结，从前差速器13接受的驱动力输出至输出轴51。若第1离合器机构35脱开连结，则输出轴51从第1驱动***部3分离。
输出轴51是中间***部的一部分，其一端经由万向联轴器55与传动轴37驱动结合。传动轴37的相反的一端部经由万向联轴器57与驱动小齿轮轴59驱动结合。驱动小齿轮轴59也是中间***部的一部分。
驱动小齿轮轴59为了与后差速器63驱动结合，具备驱动小齿轮61。并且具备用于接受来自电动马达7的驱动力的齿轮97。或者齿轮97也可以设置在在中间***部中任意的其他的部位。
第2驱动***部5具备后差速器63、第2离合器机构39、后车轴75、77。后差速器63和第2离合器机构39收纳于一个主减速器壳。或者这些也可以收纳于不同的主减速器壳，然而优选以各自的轴相互不偏离的方式进行支承。
后差速器63具备壳体64，以能够旋转的方式支承于主减速器壳。壳体64具备与驱动小齿轮61啮合的内齿轮65，经由驱动小齿轮轴59接受来自发动机9的驱动力，绕其轴旋转。壳体64内包锥齿轮式或者其他形式的差速器齿轮组，在其侧面齿轮67、69分别连结左右的中间轴71、73。
在中间轴71、73的一方(该例中为右中间轴73)，连结有第2离合器机构39。在第2离合器机构39应用如多板离合器87那样的摩擦离合器，然而也可以应用例如如啮合离合器那样的其他形式的离合器。根据多板离合器，通过增减对离合器板的按压力，有利于控制对前后轮的驱动力的分配。
如果按照在第2离合器机构39应用多板离合器87的例来进行说明，第2离合器机构39具备支承一方的盘组的离合器壳83、支承另一方的盘组的盘毂轴(ハブシャフト)85、由这些一对盘组构成的多板离合器87、以及具备螺线管的促动器89。也可以代替螺线管，将如电动马达或液压装置那样的能够电控制的适当的按压装置应用于促动器89。通过上述构成，第2离合器机构39能够切换离合器壳83和盘毂轴85之间的连结和脱开连结。
离合器壳83与中间轴71、73的一方(该例中为右中间轴73)驱动连结，以此，能够从中间***部接受驱动力。
在盘毂轴85连结有后车轴75、77的一方(该例中为右后车轴77)，在中间轴71、73的另一方(该例中为左中间轴71)连结有后车轴75、77的另一方(该例中为左后车轴75)。以此，在第2离合器机构39连结时，后差速器63将从中间***部接受的驱动力向后车轴75、77差动地分配。后车轴75、77分别与后车轮79、81连结，以此，在前车轮31、33的基础上后车轮79，81也使车体行驶。
第2离合器机构39脱开连结时，一方的侧面齿轮69空转，所以对另一方的侧面齿轮67也不传递驱动力，以此后差速器63不对后车轮79、81传递驱动力。此时，后车轮79、81大体能够自由地旋转。此时如果第1离合器机构35也脱开连结，则中间***部从驱动***1分离而成为自由状态。
即，第2离合器机构39将中间***部以能够脱开连结的方式连结于第2驱动***部5。此外，也可以代替以上说明的构成，采用中间***部与离合器机构连结，后差速器经由离合器机构与中间***部连结的构成。
电动马达7具备与齿轮97啮合的齿轮95。电动马达7经由由齿轮95、97构成的齿轮组93与中间***部驱动连结。如图所示，也可以与驱动小齿轮轴59连结，也可以与中间***部的其他任意的部位连结。为了使电动马达7的比较高速的旋转调适为适合驱动小齿轮轴59的旋转，能够将齿轮组93作为减速齿轮组。而且也能够代替齿轮组，采用利用链和链轮的连结等其他连结方式。
如上所述，电气控制第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39的连结以及脱开连结，并且电气控制电动马达7的驱动。为了统一控制这些而能够设置电子控制单元(ECU)8，该电子控制单元8与该第1离合器机构35、第2离合器机构39以及电动马达7连接。ECU8可以接受由驾驶员进行的直接的手动控制，或者也可以被其他电子控制单元自动地控制。而且ECU8检测电动马达7的转速、驱动小齿轮轴59以及其他旋转构件的转速。
若第1离合器机构35和第2离合器机构39连动地脱开连结，则驱动力从发动机9经由变速器11只传递到前差速器13，从前差速器13经由中间轴27、29和车轴15、17向前轮31、33分配驱动力，以此，车辆以二轮驱动模式行驶。
若第1离合器机构35和第2离合器机构39连动地连结，则驱动力的一部分经由分动器41也传递到第2驱动***部5。该驱动力经由传动轴37传递到后差速器63，经由中间轴71、73和车轴75、77而分配到后轮79、81，以此车辆以四轮驱动模式行驶。
上述的二轮驱动模式中，第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39脱开连结，所以中间***部从驱动***1分离，不成为发动机9的负担，所以有助于油耗的降低。
在中间***部，在二轮驱动模式的期间，不涉及发动机9的驱动力，所以其旋转不与驱动***1的其他的部分同步。因此在切换为四轮驱动模式时需要转速的同步。ECU8检测中间***部的，特别是驱动小齿轮轴59的转速，为了与第1驱动***部3以及第2驱动***部5的转速同步，控制电动马达7的转速。转速同步之后第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39被驱动，所以在离合器板不滑动，或者极少滑动的状态下，第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39分别连结。
第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39的驱动和电动马达7的启动能够在一定的条件下连动。这些也可以不同时，例如也可以是启动电动马达7之后一定时间之后连结离合器机构35、39。或者代替根据时间差的方案，也可以在驱动小齿轮轴59的转速和第1驱动***部3以及第2驱动***部5的转速之差成为一定的值以下时驱动离合器机构35、39。另外也可以在第1离合器机构35的连结和第2离合器机构39的连结之间有时间差。或者，这些控制也可以根据其他的适当的条件来进行。
根据本实施方式，通过将变速器11以及离合器机构35、39的切换，以及电动马达7的连接断开进行组合，能够实现表1列举的各行驶模式。
表1行驶模式的一览
例如将变速器11(表1中“T/M”)连接(表1中“ON”)，将第1离合器机构35连结(表1中“CLOSE”)，将第2离合器机构39脱开连结(表1中“OPEN”)，将电动马达7关闭，则本实施方式的车辆以通常的前轮驱动模式(表1中“正常FF模式”)行驶。此时传动轴37受到驱动力而旋转。
变速器11、第2离合器机构39、以及电动马达7保持上述的状态，即使第1离合器机构35脱开连结，车辆也以前轮驱动模式行驶。此时，是不向传动轴37传递驱动力的断开模式，传动轴37停止。
若变速器11和电动马达7保持上述的状态的情况下，将离合器机构35、39都连结，则车辆以发动机的驱动力来驱动前轮和后轮的双方的正常4WD模式行驶。此时传动轴37也旋转。通过控制对多板离合器87的按压力，能够将控制对后轮的驱动力的分配即所谓的适时耦合(on-demand coupling)功能赋予车辆。
而且也能够利用电动马达7的驱动力来使车辆行驶(混合动力模式)。例如，若在正常FF模式中将电动马达7切换为开，则车辆以发动机9和电动马达7这双方向前轮赋予驱动力的混合动力FF模式行驶。若在该状态下将第2离合器机构39连结，则车辆以发动机9和电动马达7的双方发挥驱动力并且向前后轮传递驱动力的混合动力4WD模式行驶。
或者，也能够不利用发动机9而只用电动马达7来使车辆行驶(纯EV模式)。正常FF模式中，若将变速器11断开(表1中“OFF”)，将电动马达7切换为开，则车辆以电动马达7驱动前轮的纯EV－FF模式行驶。或者若第1离合器机构35脱开连结，第2离合器机构39连结，则车辆以电动马达7驱动后轮的纯EV－FR模式行驶。
即，根据本实施方式，能够实现至少上述的7种行驶模式。这些7种模式可以是通过驾驶员的手动选择来处理，也可以是控制器根据由各种传感器检测的车辆的行驶状态来自动地判断而选择行驶模式的构成。
根据本实施方式，二轮驱动模式中，能够使中间***部处于停止的状态。不会因中间***部的加速以及减速而消耗驱动能量，所以能够降低油耗。
另外根据本实施方式，在从二轮驱动模式切换为四轮驱动模式时，能够通过电动马达预先使中间***部的旋转与第1驱动***部和第2驱动***部同步。不需要为了同步而在摩擦离合器引起较大的摩擦，所以能够抑制驱动能量的损失，而且不会因产生较大的摩擦热而消耗摩擦离合器。能够期待良好的油耗、对于发动机输出的良好响应、延长离合器的寿命。
并且根据本实施方式，不用利用内燃机和电动马达在变速器结合的复杂的构造，而利用如上述的简便的构造就能够实现混合动力***。并且如表1列举的那样，能够利用简便的构造来实现多样的行驶模式。例如在具有结合内燃机和电动马达的***的以往的混合动力***中，根据将该***置于前轮侧还是后轮侧，实现纯EV－FR模式或纯EV－FF模式之一是困难的。根据本实施方式能够实现双方，能够实现与更加多样的路面状况对应的行驶。
也可以对上述的实施方式进行变形，而电动马达不经由齿轮而直接与中间***部结合。图2表示变形的实施方式的驱动***1A。
参照图2，电动马达7A与中间***部的例如驱动小齿轮轴59A整合，直接驱动驱动小齿轮轴59A。为了使电动马达7A的比较高速的旋转调适为适合驱动小齿轮轴59A的旋转，也可以在电动马达7A和驱动小齿轮轴59A之间设置如行星齿轮的同轴的减速齿轮组。另外电动马达7A也可以代替驱动小齿轮轴59A而与传动轴37或其他任意的旋转构件整合。
根据所述变形的实施方式，也能够起到与上述的第1实施方式相同的效果。
另外如已经所述，无论上述的哪个实施方式，都能够用于后轮驱动为主的四轮驱动的车辆。图3表示这样的实施方式的驱动***1B。
与之前的实施方式不同，第1车轴是后车轴15B、17B，第2车轴是前车轴75B、77B。参照图3，驱动***1B具备第1驱动***部3B、第2驱动***部5B、包含设置于第1驱动***部3B与第2驱动***部5B之间的传动轴37的中间***部。第1驱动***部3B将包含发动机9的变速器11的驱动力经由后差速器13B向后车轴15B、17B常时传递，并驱动后车轴15B、17B。第2驱动***部5B经由前差速器63B与前车轴75B、77B驱动结合。中间***部在与两驱动***部3B、5B连结时，将传递到第1驱动***部3B的驱动力的一部分传递给第2驱动***部5B。
电动马达7经由齿轮组93与中间***部的例如驱动小齿轮轴59B驱动连结。前车轴75B、77B分别与前车轮81B、83B连结，后车轴15B、17B分别与后车轴33B、35B连结，以此使车辆行驶。
通过分别切换第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39，能够在旋转同步的状态下切换驱动模式，而且与上述相同能够实现7种驱动模式。
并且，即使是后轮驱动为主，也有将发动机配置于前方的、所谓以FR布局为主的实施方式。图4是例示这样的实施方式的驱动***。
参照图4，包含发动机的变速器11C配置于车辆的前方。变速器11C的驱动力从输出轴99引出。
输出轴99的一端经由万向联轴器55与传动轴37C驱动结合。传动轴37C的相反的一端经由万向联轴器57与驱动小齿轮轴59C驱动结合。驱动小齿轮轴59C具备驱动小齿轮61而与后差速器63驱动结合。以此将变速器11C的驱动力经由包含后差速器63的第1驱动***部3C而向后车轴75C、77C常时传递。
本实施方式的驱动***中的第2驱动***部5C具备前差速器13C，在其侧面齿轮23C、25C分别连结中间轴27C、29C，并且连结前车轴15C、17C，以此允许前车轴15C、17C之间的差动。
本实施方式的驱动***为了将第1驱动***部3C的驱动力的一部分传递给第2驱动***部5C，具备在其之间设置的中间***部。中间***部例如，由传动轴113、经由万向联轴器等与此连结的驱动小齿轮轴115、设置于其一端的驱动小齿轮117构成。通过驱动小齿轮117与后述的内齿轮119啮合，从而驱动力向第2驱动***部5C传递。
本实施方式的驱动***还具备第1离合器机构35C以及第2离合器机构39C。第1离合器机构35C将第1驱动***部3C以能够脱开连结的方式连结于中间***部。而且第2离合器机构39C将中间***部以能够脱开连结的方式连结于第2驱动***部5C。即，若第1离合器机构35C以及第2离合器机构39C都脱开连结，则驱动力只传递到后轮，所以该车辆以后轮驱动模式行驶，都连结时以四轮驱动模式行驶。
在第1离合器机构35C使用如多板离合器103那样的摩擦离合器，这例如内包于与变速器11C结合的分动器41C。根据应用了多板离合器103的例，多板离合器中的一方的盘组支承于离合器壳101，另一方的盘组例如支承于输出轴99。也可以代替输出轴99而支承于第1驱动***部3C的其他旋转构件。第1离合器机构35C具备由螺线管等驱动的促动器105，能够切换其连结和脱开连结。
离合器壳101例如具备链轮107，能够通过链112将驱动力的一部分输出到中间***部。也可以代替链驱动，采用齿轮组或其他的连结方式。
第2离合器机构39C与前差速器13C一起收纳于外壳121，然而也可以独立收纳。外壳121具备内齿轮119，其与驱动小齿轮117啮合，从而从中间***部接受驱动力。外壳121和前差速器13C的壳体47C通过啮合离合器123能够脱开连结地连结。也可以代替啮合离合器而使用如摩擦离合器那样的其他形式的离合器。第2离合器机构39C具备由螺线管等驱动的促动器125，能够切换其连结和脱开连结。
若第1离合器机构35以及第2离合器机构39都脱开连结，则驱动力只传递到后轮，所以车辆以后轮驱动模式行驶，都连结时，也向前轮传递驱动力，所以车辆以四轮驱动模式行驶。
电动马达7C具备通过其驱动力来旋转的输出轴109，输出轴109经由万向联轴器等而与传动轴113连结。或者也可以经由齿轮机构等而与中间***部连结。另外输出轴109具备与链112啮合的链轮111。或者如已经叙述的那样，也可以代替链驱动，采用齿轮组或其他连结方式。除了发动机以外，电动马达7C也向车辆赋予驱动力。
与之前的实施方式相同，也可以设置与离合器机构35C、39C，电动马达7以及其他的要素连接的ECU8。
与之前的实施方式相同，通过切换第1离合器机构35C以及第2离合器机构39C，能够在旋转同步的状态下切换驱动模式，而且能够实现7种驱动模式。能够抑制驱动能量的损失，而且不会因产生较大的摩擦热而消耗摩擦离合器，以简便的构造来实现混合动力***，并且通过多样的驱动模式而能够实现与多样的路面状况对应的行驶。
至此说明了用于四轮车的例，然而当然也能够用于具有四轮以上的车轮的车辆。另外也可以在上述的任意的构成中并用同步器。另外作为电动马达，也可以使用具有在减速时回收能量的功能的电动发电机。
以适合的实施方式说明了本发明，然而本发明不限于上述实施方式。基于上述公开内容，具有该技术领域的通常技术的人员也能够通过对实施方式进行修正以及变形来实施本发明。
工业上的利用可能性
提供了具有利用电动马达而改善了的能量效率的驱动***。

Claims (3)

1.一种驱动***，其能够将包含发动机的变速器的第1驱动力传递到第1车轴以及第2车轴，
上述驱动***的特征在于，具备：
与上述第1车轴驱动结合而将上述第1驱动力向上述第1车轴常时传递而进行驱动的第1驱动***部；
与上述第2车轴驱动结合的第2驱动***部；
设置于上述第1驱动***部和上述第2驱动***部之间，且能够将上述第1驱动力的一部分传递到上述第2驱动***部的中间***部；
与上述中间***部驱动连结而向上述中间***部赋予第2驱动力的电动马达；
将上述第1驱动***部以能够脱开连结的方式连结于上述中间***部、且为啮合离合器的第1离合器；
将从上述中间***部接受来的驱动力差动地分配到上述第2车轴的差速器；
设置于上述差速器和一个上述第2车轴之间，且将上述中间***部以能够脱开连结的方式连结于上述第2驱动***部的第2离合器；以及
控制装置，该控制装置检测上述中间***部的转速，为了与上述第1驱动***部以及上述第2驱动***部的转速同步，并且为了能够同步连结上述第2离合器，构成为在上述连结之前控制上述电动马达的转速。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动***，其特征在于，
上述电动马达经由齿轮组与上述第2驱动***部连结。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驱动***，其特征在于，
上述第2离合器是啮合离合器或摩擦离合器。
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