CN104282826A - Method for manufacturing high-color-rendering white-light solid phosphors and high-color-rendering white-light light-emitting components - Google Patents
Method for manufacturing high-color-rendering white-light solid phosphors and high-color-rendering white-light light-emitting components Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 108
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 108010043121 Green Fluorescent Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
- H01L33/501—Wavelength conversion elements characterised by the materials, e.g. binder
- H01L33/502—Wavelength conversion materials
- H01L33/504—Elements with two or more wavelength conversion materials
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing high-color-rendering white-light solid phosphors and high-color-rendering white-light light-emitting components, in particular to a method for manufacturing high-color-rendering white-light solid phosphors and high-color-rendering white-light light-emitting components through ceramic phosphors or glass phosphors. According to the method, the ceramic phosphors or glass phosphors replace sealants made by mixing glue and phosphor powder, the surfaces of the ceramic phosphors or glass phosphors are coated with red or orange phosphor powder so as to have higher color rendering, and therefore the high-color-rendering white-light solid phosphors and the high-color-rendering white-light light-emitting components can be manufactured.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and high color rendering white light emitting element, particularly about a kind of method making high color rendering warm white solid state fluorescence body and high color rendering warm white light emitting element with ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor.
Background technology
Mostly current white light emitting element is to form with the fluorescent material of shades of colour collocation different color LEDs.For example, blue light-emitting diode is coated with yellow fluorescent powder on the surface and is made into white light emitting diode, or blue light-emitting diode is coated with green emitting phosphor and red fluorescence powder on the surface and is made into white light emitting diode.In traditional white light emitting element technique, the coating method of fluorescent material is first mixed with glue by fluorescent material, then coat on the surface of light-emitting diode (such as blue light-emitting diode) in the mode of filling extruding.But fluorescent material mixes with coating process not only complicated and consuming time with glue, and easily produces the problem of fluorescent material skewness.
In order to solve the problem, recently develop the solid state fluorescence body (such as ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor) that can replace the fluid sealant mixed by glue and fluorescent material.This solid state fluorescence body not only makes simple and saves time, and does not more have the problem of fluorescent material skewness, and then promotes reliability and the useful life of white light emitting diode.But, be limited to current technology, only can produce the solid state fluorescence body of yellow green or yellow at present, the white light emitting element causing this solid state fluorescence body and do with this solid state fluorescence system, after exciting via blue light or purple light (or ultraviolet light) irradiation, the white-light spectrum that it produces lacks the spectrum of wavelength 580 nanometer (nm)-670 nanometer (nm).Therefore, the color rendering of white light making this solid state fluorescence body and produce with the white light emitting element that this solid state fluorescence system is done is low, its color rendering is generally about only has 65-75, and cannot reach the demand (i.e. CRI>80) of high color rendering.
Moreover, due to this solid state fluorescence body and be all the spectrum of deflection short wavelength with the white-light spectrum that sends of white light emitting element that this solid state fluorescence system is done, cause this solid state fluorescence body and be partial to cold white light with the white light that the white light emitting element that this solid state fluorescence system is done sends, its colour temperature (color temperature) is large between 10000 ° of K-5000 ° of K.But, the secretion of human body Melatonin at night also may be suppressed under being exposed to high color temperature light source for a long time, cause the problems such as the probability increase of insomnia and suffers from cancer, therefore, this solid state fluorescence body and the white light emitting element with this solid state fluorescence system work are not obviously suitable for normal lighting.
In view of this, need badly and want a kind of method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and high color rendering white light emitting element, and produce light solid state fluorescence body and the high color rendering white light emitting element that can send high color rendering white light, and effectively can adjust and the white light colour temperature controlling it and send, and then send the warm white of high color rendering.
As can be seen here, above-mentioned existing white light emitting element with in use in structure, obviously still has inconvenience and defect, and is urgently further improved.Therefore how to found a kind of method of novel making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and high color rendering white light emitting element, also become the target that current industry pole need be improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, overcome the defect that existing white light emitting element exists, and a kind of method of novel making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and high color rendering white light emitting element is provided, technical problem to be solved makes it replace with ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor the fluid sealant that fluorophor and glue mixes, and on the surface of porcelain fluorophor or glass fluorophor, carry the red or orange fluorescent powder of coating, to promote solid state fluorescence body (ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor) color rendering, and effectively control its colour temperature, thus the white solid state fluorophor of a tool high color rendering is provided, and then the warm white solid state fluorescence body of tool high color rendering is provided.White light emitting element is made into the solid state fluorescence body (ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor) being coated with redness or orange fluorescent powder on the surface, thus promote the color rendering of white light emitting element and its colour temperature of control, and then provide the warm white light emitting element of tool high color rendering.
Another object of the present invention is to, overcome the defect that existing white light emitting element exists, and a kind of making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of new structure and the method for high color rendering white light emitting element are provided, technical problem to be solved makes its method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor especially with ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor.The method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor comprises the following step: (1) provides solid state fluorescence body; doped with fluorescent material in this solid state fluorescence body; this solid state fluorescence body can be absorbed some light that light-emitting component sends and inspire light with the light that this light-emitting component sends and mix, and produce white light; And (2) coating red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.The method of high color rendering white light emitting element is particularly made with ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor.The method making high color rendering white light emitting element comprises the following step: (1) provides base material, and this base material is provided with light-emitting component; (2) solid state fluorescence body is arranged at above this light-emitting component on this base material; doped with fluorescent material in this solid state fluorescence body; this solid state fluorescence body is absorbed some light that this light-emitting component sends and inspire light with the light that this light-emitting component sends and mix, and produce white light; And (3) coating red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.Wherein, step (3) just can be implemented after step (2) complete, or step (3) can be implemented before step (2) is implemented.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems realizes by the following technical solutions.According to a kind of method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor that the present invention proposes; wherein comprise: (1) provides solid state fluorescence body; doped with fluorescent material in this solid state fluorescence body; this solid state fluorescence body can be absorbed some light that light-emitting component sends and inspire light with the light that this light-emitting component sends and mix, and produce white light; And (2) coating red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that the ceramic phosphor that this solid state fluorescence body forms for ceramic material and this fluorescent material.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that the glass fluorophor that this solid state fluorescence body forms for glass material and this fluorescent material, and wherein, this fluorescent material distributes equably or is doped in this glass material.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, it is characterized in that this fluorescent material comprises yellowish green fluorescent powder or yellow fluorescent powder, or both all comprises.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that this step (2) comprises: provide this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder; This red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and glue material Homogeneous phase mixing are prepared into fluorescent glue; Be coated with this fluorescent glue on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body; And dry this fluorescent glue coated on this solid state fluorescence surface.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and this glue material is 0.1%-50%.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and this glue material is 0.8%-10%.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that this glue material is silica gel (silicone) or epoxy resin (epoxy).
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that this fluorescent glue is coated on this solid state fluorescence surface with spraying or some glue mode by this fluorescent glue of this coating step on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that the thickness that this fluorescent glue coats this solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter-1 millimeter.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that the thickness that this fluorescent glue coats this solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter-1 millimeter.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems realizes by the following technical solutions.According to a kind of method making high color rendering white light emitting element that the present invention proposes, wherein comprise: (1) provides base material, this base material is provided with light-emitting component; (2) solid state fluorescence body is arranged at above this light-emitting component on this base material; doped with fluorescent material in this solid state fluorescence body; this solid state fluorescence body is absorbed some light that this light-emitting component sends and inspire light with the light that this light-emitting component sends and mix, and produce white light; And (3) coating red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that this light-emitting component is blue light emitting element, purple light light-emitting component or laser.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that the ceramic phosphor that this solid state fluorescence body forms for ceramic material and this fluorescent material, and wherein, this fluorescent material distributes equably or is doped in this ceramic material.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that the glass fluorophor that this solid state fluorescence body forms for glass material and this fluorescent material, and wherein, this fluorescent material distributes equably or is doped in this glass material.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, it is characterized in that this fluorescent material comprises wherein this fluorescent material and comprises yellowish green fluorescent powder or yellow fluorescent powder, or both all comprises.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that this step (3) is implemented after step (2) completes.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that this step (3) was implemented before step (2) is implemented.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that this step (3) comprises: provide this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder; This red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and glue material Homogeneous phase mixing are prepared into fluorescent glue; Be coated with this fluorescent glue on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body; And dry this fluorescent glue coated on this solid state fluorescence surface.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and this glue material is 0.1%-50%.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and this glue material is 0.8%-10%.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that this glue material is silica gel (silicone) or epoxy resin (epoxy).
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that this fluorescent glue is coated on this solid state fluorescence surface with spraying or some glue mode by this fluorescent glue of this coating step on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that the thickness that this fluorescent glue coats this solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter-1 millimeter.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that the thickness that this fluorescent glue coats this solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter-1 millimeter.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder are coated on the upper surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
The method of aforesaid making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder are coated on the lower surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
The present invention compared with prior art has obvious advantage and beneficial effect.As known from the above, for achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and high color rendering white light emitting element, effectively can promote the color rendering of white solid state fluorophor and white light emitting element, and effectively can control the colour temperature of white solid state fluorophor and white light emitting element.
By technique scheme, the present invention makes high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and high color rendering
The method of white light emitting element at least has following advantages and beneficial effect: because above-described embodiment, the invention provides a kind of method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and high color rendering white light emitting element, effectively can promote the color rendering of white solid state fluorophor and white light emitting element, and effectively can control the colour temperature of white solid state fluorophor and white light emitting element, make it be more suitable for normal lighting.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to technological means of the present invention can be better understood, and can be implemented according to the content of specification, and can become apparent to allow above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, and coordinate accompanying drawing, be described in detail as follows.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A to Figure 1B is the section flow chart of the method for the making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention makes in the method for high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and is coated with red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder in the flow chart of the step on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 C is the section flow chart of the method for the making high color rendering white light emitting element of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the high color rendering white light emitting element of another embodiment of the present invention.
100: high color rendering white solid state fluorophor
102: solid state fluorescence body
104: fluorescent material
106: red or orange fluorescent powder rete
200-206: coating red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder each step in the surperficial flow process of solid state fluorescence body 102
300,300 ': high color rendering white light emitting element
302: base material
304: light-emitting component
Embodiment
For further setting forth the present invention for the technological means reaching predetermined goal of the invention and take and effect, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, the making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor propose foundation the present invention and its embodiment of method of high color rendering white light emitting element, structure, feature and effect thereof, be described in detail as follows.
Some embodiments of the present invention are described in detail as follows.But except this detailed description, the present invention can also implement in other embodiment widely.That is, the restriction of the embodiment that scope of the present invention has not been proposed, and be as the criterion with the claim that the present invention proposes.Secondly, when each element in embodiments of the invention icon or step describe explanation with single element or step, should in this, as the cognition having restriction, during restriction on namely following explanation non-lay special stress on number, spirit of the present invention and range of application can spread to most elements or structure and on the structure and method deposited.Moreover in this manual, the different piece of each element is incomplete draws according to size, some yardstick is compared with other scale dependent or have and exaggerated or simplify, to provide clearer description to promote the understanding of the present invention.And the existing skill that the present invention continues to use, only do quoting of emphasis formula at this, to help elaboration of the present invention.
Figure 1A to Figure 1B is the three-dimensional flow chart of the making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 of one embodiment of the invention, and it shows whole technique and each processing step with cross-section structure.Consult Figure 1A, first, solid state fluorescence body 102 is provided, doped with at least one fluorescent material 104 in solid state fluorescence body 102, it adulterates equably or is distributed in solid state fluorescence body 102, solid state fluorescence body 102 is made to absorb light-emitting component, such as blue light (wavelength is 440 nanometers (nm)-475 nanometer (nm)), purple light or ultraviolet light (wavelength is 350 nanometers (nm)-400 nanometer (nm)) or laser, the some light sent and inspire a light with the light that light-emitting component sends and mix, and then produce white light.
The ceramic phosphor that solid state fluorescence body 102 forms for ceramic material and at least fluorescent material, wherein, can with ceramic material calcination or when being made into solid state fluorescence body 102, add in ceramic material by fluorescent material, make it distribute equably or be doped in ceramic material, and be made into ceramic phosphor.Or, the glass fluorophor that solid state fluorescence body 102 forms for glass material and at least fluorescent material, wherein, can with glass material calcination or when being made into solid state fluorescence body 102, add in glass material by fluorescent material, make it distribute equably or be doped in glass material, and be made into glass fluorophor.Solid state fluorescence body 102 can be solid state fluorescence sheet, solid state fluorescence block or other shape, and it can take various different shape according to demand, and the present invention is not limited this.
Doping or the fluorescent material 104 be distributed in solid state fluorescence body 102 are yellowish green fluorescent powder or yellow fluorescent powder, or, fluorescent material 104 also can comprise yellowish green fluorescent powder and yellow fluorescent powder simultaneously, adulterates equably or be distributed in solid state fluorescence body 102 by yellowish green fluorescent powder and yellow fluorescent powder.Solid state fluorescence body 102 can be solid state fluorescence sheet, solid state fluorescence block or other shape, and it can take various different shape according to demand, and the present invention is not limited this.
Then, consult Figure 1B, the red fluorescence powder of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength will be had, or there is the orange fluorescent powder of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength, coat on the surface of solid state fluorescence body 102, such as upper surface or lower surface, and red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 is formed on solid fluorescence body 102.610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength providing solid state fluorescence body 102 to lack by red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 or the spectrum of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength, thus promote the color rendering of solid fluorescence body 102, and make the white light solid fluorescence body 100 of tool high color rendering.
Fig. 2 is coated with red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder in the flow chart of the surface step of solid state fluorescence body 102 in the method for making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of the present invention, and further describes the step shown in Figure 1B, will in hereafter describing in detail.Consult Fig. 2, coating red fluorescence powder shown in Figure 1B or orange fluorescent powder comprise the following step in the surface step of solid state fluorescence body 102: first, the red fluorescence powder with 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength is provided, or there is the orange fluorescent powder (step 200) of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength.Then, this red fluorescence powder (or orange fluorescent powder) is mixed equably with glue material and is prepared into fluorescent glue (step 202), wherein, glue material can for silica gel (silicone), epoxy resin (epoxy) or other can stick together glue.In step 202., red fluorescence powder (or orange fluorescent powder) is 0.1%-50% (percentage by weight) with the mixed proportion of glue material, namely red fluorescence powder (or orange fluorescent powder) accounts for the 0.1%-50% (percentage by weight) of fluorescent glue, and red fluorescence powder (or orange fluorescent powder) is 0.8%-10% (percentage by weight) with the better mixed proportion of glue material.Red fluorescence powder (or orange fluorescent powder) affects with the mixing ratio regular meeting of glue material the intensity being supplied to 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength of solid state fluorescence body 102 or the spectrum of 80 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength, and then the color rendering affecting solid state fluorescence body 102 promotes the colour temperature with solid state fluorescence body 102.Therefore, color rendering and the colour temperature of solid state fluorescence body 102 can be controlled by changing red fluorescence powder (or orange fluorescent powder) and the mixed proportion of glue material.
Although, in this embodiment, mix equably with glue material with single red fluorescence powder or single orange fluorescent powder and be prepared into fluorescent glue, but in other embodiments of the present invention, multiple red fluorescence powder or multiple orange fluorescent powder can be mixed equably with glue material and be prepared into fluorescent glue, even in order to improve color rendering further and reduce colour temperature, can red fluorescence powder, orange fluorescent powder and glue material be mixed equably and be prepared into fluorescent glue simultaneously.
Then, on surface fluorescent glue being coated solid state fluorescence body (step 204), such as upper surface or lower surface.Fluorescent glue is coated on the surface of solid state fluorescence body with spraying or some glue mode by step 204, wherein, the thickness that fluorescent glue coats solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter (mm)-1 millimeter (mm), and the preferred thickness that fluorescent glue coats solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter (mm)-1 millimeter (mm).Finally, dry the fluorescent glue (step 206) coated on solid state fluorescence body 102 surface, and form red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 on the surface at solid state fluorescence body 102.Red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 light (such as blue light (wavelength is 440 nanometers (nm)-475 nanometer (nm)), purple light or ultraviolet light (wavelength is 350 nanometers (nm)-400 nanometer (nm)) or laser) is irradiated and can produce the ruddiness of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength or the orange light of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength.
By making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of the present invention method (Methods and steps shown in Figure 1A-Figure 1B and Fig. 2) and make high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100, be subject to light (such as blue light (wavelength is 440 nanometers (nm)-475 nanometer (nm)), purple light or ultraviolet light (wavelength is 350 nanometers (nm)-400 nanometer (nm)), or laser) when irradiating, the light of part can excite the yellowish green fluorescent powder in solid state fluorescence body 102 (or yellow fluorescent powder) 104 and produce the green-yellow light (or gold-tinted) of wavelength in 510 nanometers (nm)-575 nanometer (nm), some light then can excite the redness on solid state fluorescence body 102 surface or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 and produce the ruddiness of wavelength between 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) or the orange light of wavelength between 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm), and the green-yellow light that solid state fluorescence body 102 produces (or gold-tinted), the ruddiness that red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 produces or orange light, and remnants not by solid state fluorescence body 102 and red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 the light that absorbs mix and form white light.
This white light produced via high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 of the present invention, by the green-yellow light (or gold-tinted) of wavelength in 510 nanometers (nm)-575 nanometer (nm), the ruddiness of wavelength between 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) or the orange light of wavelength between 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm), and the blue light of wavelength between 440 nanometers (nm)-475 nanometer (nm) or the purple light (or ultraviolet light) of wavelength between 350 nanometers (nm)-400 nanometer (nm) mix, therefore, its white-light spectrum is almost across all visible wavelengths, and supplement the spectrum of the high wavelength range that the white light that produces via solid state fluorescence body 100 lacks, the ruddiness of such as wavelength between 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) or the orange light of wavelength between 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm), so high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 of the present invention can promote the color rendering of white light significantly compared to solid state fluorescence body 102 (such as ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor), and color rendering is risen between 80-99, and reach the requirement of high color rendering (CRI>80).Contrary, solid state fluorescence body 102 (such as ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor) light irradiates the white light produced, due to for wavelength is at the green-yellow light (or gold-tinted) of 510 nanometers (nm)-575 nanometer (nm), and form mixed by the blue light of wavelength between 440 nanometers (nm)-475 nanometer (nm) or the purple light (or ultraviolet light) of wavelength between 350 nanometers (nm)-400 nanometer (nm), so lack the spectral composition of low colour temperature and long wavelength, such as wavelength is the ruddiness of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm), wavelength is the orange light of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm), therefore, its color rendering only can arrive 65-75, and the requirement of high color rendering (CRI>80) cannot be reached.
In other words, the method of making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of the present invention, by on the surface (such as upper surface or lower surface) at solid fluorescence body 102 (such as ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor), coating light (such as blue light, purple light (or ultraviolet light), or laser) irradiation can inspire the red fluorescence powder of the ruddiness of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength, or light (such as blue light, purple light (or ultraviolet light), or laser) irradiation can excite the orange fluorescent powder of the orange light sending 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength, and supplement solid fluorescence body 102 light (such as blue light, purple light (or ultraviolet light), or laser) irradiate the spectral illumination of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength that the white-light spectrum that produces lacks or 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength, thus by the color rendering of solid fluorescence body 102 (light irradiates the white light produced), more than 80 are risen to by 65-75 originally, and reach the requirement of high color rendering (CRI>80), thus produce and light can irradiate and send the high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 of high color rendering white light.Even, in order to promote the color rendering of solid fluorescence body 102 further simultaneously by light (such as blue light, purple light (or ultraviolet light), or laser) irradiation can inspire the red fluorescence powder of the ruddiness of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength, and light (such as blue light, purple light (or ultraviolet light), or laser) the irradiation orange fluorescent powder that can inspire the orange light of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength coats solid fluorescence body 102 on the surface, supplement solid fluorescence body 102 light (such as blue light simultaneously, purple light (or ultraviolet light), or laser) irradiate the spectrum of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength that the white-light spectrum that produces lacks and 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength, thus significantly promote the color rendering of solid fluorescence body 102 (light irradiates the white light produced), and produce and light can irradiate and send the high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 of more high color rendering white light.
Moreover, solid state fluorescence body 102 (such as ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor) light irradiates the white light produced, owing to forming mixed by the green-yellow light (or gold-tinted) of 510 nanometers (nm)-575 nanometer (nm) and the light of the high color temperature such as blue light or wavelength purple light (or ultraviolet light) 350 nanometers (nm)-400 nanometer (nm) between of wavelength between 440 nanometers (nm)-475 nanometer (nm) for wavelength, so lack the spectral composition of low colour temperature and long wavelength, such as wavelength is the ruddiness of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm), wavelength is the orange light of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm), so its colour temperature is often colder, mostly between arriving between 10000 ° of K-5000 ° of K, even more than 10000 ° of K, therefore, its white light produced is that cold white light is not suitable for normal lighting.But, high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light made due to the method by making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of the present invention is irradiated in white light composition (spectrum) produced, (such as wavelength is the ruddiness of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) to include the light of low colour temperature long wavelength, wavelength is the orange light of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm), or both), so the colour temperature of the white light that it produces can be reduced further, minimumly can be dropped to 2000 ° of K, therefore the warm white of applicable normal lighting can be produced.
In addition, because high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light irradiates the white light produced by the green-yellow light (or gold-tinted) (solid state fluorescence body 102 produced) of wavelength in 510 nanometers (nm)-575 nanometer (nm), the ruddiness of wavelength between 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) or the orange light of wavelength between 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) (red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 produced), and form mixed by the blue light of wavelength between 440 nanometers (nm)-475 nanometer (nm) or purple light (or ultraviolet light) (light source sent) of wavelength between 350 nanometers (nm)-400 nanometer (nm), therefore, can by the amount controlled with the redness in the redness of (or solid state fluorescence body 102 on the surface) in change high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 or orange fluorescent powder, and control and the ruddiness of change wavelength between 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) or the orange light ratio in white light of wavelength between 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm), and then control and change color rendering and the colour temperature that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light irradiates the white light produced.
In other words, in the method for making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of the present invention (Methods and steps shown in Figure 1A-Figure 1B and Fig. 2), can in step shown in Figure 1B, by controlling and changing the redness or orange fluorescent powder quantity coated on solid state fluorescence body 102 surface, and control color rendering and the colour temperature of irradiating the white light produced with change high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light, or in the step 202 of Fig. 2, change the mixed proportion of red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and glue material, namely can change and coat redness on solid state fluorescence body 102 surface or orange fluorescent powder quantity, and then control and change color rendering and the colour temperature that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light irradiates the white light produced.For example, when the mixed proportion of red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder and glue material is 0.8%-3%, the color rendering that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light produced by it irradiates the white light produced can reach 80-99.When the mixed proportion of red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder and glue material is 0.8%-0.9%, the colour temperature that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light produced by it irradiates the white light produced can reach 6000 ° of K.When the mixed proportion of red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder and glue material is 2%-3%, the colour temperature that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light produced by it irradiates the white light produced can reach 4000 ° of K.When the mixed proportion of red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder and glue material is 3%-5%, the colour temperature that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light produced by it irradiates the white light produced can reach 3000 ° of K.When the mixed proportion of red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder and glue material is 5%-8%, the colour temperature that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light produced by it irradiates the white light produced can reach 2200 ° of K-2000 ° of K.That is, when the mixed proportion of red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder and glue material is higher, (ratio accounted in the white light that the high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 of orange light produced by it that the ruddiness that such as wavelength is 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) or wavelength are 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) produces is larger for the light of low colour temperature and long wavelength, so the color rendering of white light can be higher, and colour temperature can be lower.By the mixed proportion controlled with change red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder and glue material, the method for making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of the present invention can produce the high color rendering white solid state fluorophor containing spectrum between white light colour temperature 10000 ° of K to warm white 2000 ° of K.
In addition, the present invention further provides a kind of method of high color rendering white light emitting element, and the high color rendering solid fluorescence body 100 particularly utilizing the method shown in Figure 1A-Figure 1B to make makes the method for high color rendering white light emitting element.Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 C is the three-dimensional flow chart of the method for the making high color rendering white light emitting element of one embodiment of the invention, and it shows whole technique and each processing step with cross-section structure.First, consult Fig. 3 A, first, provide base material 302, wherein, base material 302 is provided with light-emitting component 304.Base material 302 can be substrate or wafer, and light-emitting component 304 can be then blue light emitting element (such as blue light-emitting diode), purple light light-emitting component (such as purple-light LED) or laser (element).
Consult Fig. 3 B, then, solid state fluorescence body 102 is arranged at above the light-emitting component 304 on base material 302, above the light-emitting area being particularly arranged at light-emitting component 304, and light-emitting component 304 is placed between base material 302 and solid state fluorescence body 102.Solid state fluorescence body 102 includes at least one fluorescent material 104 (such as yellowish green fluorescent powder or yellow fluorescent powder), it adulterates equably or is distributed in solid state fluorescence body 102, the some light making solid state fluorescence body 102 can absorb light-emitting component 304 to send, such as blue light, purple light or laser, and inspire the coloured light of tool, such as green-yellow light or gold-tinted, and mix with the light that light-emitting component 304 sends, and then produce the colder cold white light of colour temperature.The material of solid state fluorescence body 102, composition and shape, and the material of fluorescent material 104 (is relevant to the description of Figure 1A) in above with composition and describes, so no longer describe in this.
Then, consult Fig. 3 C, the red fluorescence powder of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength will be had, or there is the orange fluorescent powder of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength, coat on the surface of solid state fluorescence body 102, such as upper surface, and on solid fluorescence body 102, form red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106, and then form high color rendering white light emitting element 300.This redness or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 light (such as blue light, purple light (or ultraviolet light) or laser) irradiation can inspire the ruddiness of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength or the orange light of 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength.
As the redness of coating shown in Figure 1B or the step of orange fluorescent powder on the surface of solid state fluorescence body 102, coating redness shown in Fig. 3 C or the step of orange fluorescent powder on the surface of solid state fluorescence body 102, the Methods and steps shown in Fig. 2 can be taked and by red or orange fluorescent powder on the surface of solid state fluorescence body 102, and form red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106, these Methods and steps are in detailed hereinbefore, therefore, no longer describe in this.In addition, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A-Fig. 3 B, although be first solid state fluorescence body 102 is arranged at (step shown in Fig. 3 B) on base material 302, red or orange fluorescent powder are coated on the surface of solid state fluorescence body 102 and are formed red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 (step shown in Fig. 3 C) by, but in other embodiments of the present invention, also after the surface first red or orange fluorescent powder can being coated solid state fluorescence body 102 forms red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106, namely after first producing high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 with the method shown in Figure 1A-Figure 1B, just the solid state fluorescence body 102 (i.e. high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100) being formed with redness or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 is on the surface arranged on base material 304.
In addition, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 3 A-Fig. 3 B, although high color rendering white light emitting element 300 coats on the upper surface of solid state fluorescence body 102 by red or orange fluorescent powder, and on the upper surface of solid state fluorescence body 102, form red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106, the light that light-emitting component is sent is first through solid state fluorescence body 102, and excite after it sends green-yellow light or gold-tinted, be just irradiated to redness or orange fluorescent powder rete 106, and excite it to send ruddiness or orange light.But, in other embodiments of the present invention (high color rendering white light emitting element 300 ' as shown in Figure 4), also can red or orange fluorescent powder be coated on the lower surface of solid state fluorescence body 102, and on the lower surface of solid state fluorescence body 102, form red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106, the light that light-emitting component is sent first passes through redness or orange fluorescent powder rete 106, and excite after it sends ruddiness or orange light, just irradiate solid state fluorescence body 102, and excite it to send green-yellow light or gold-tinted.But, although the method for making high color rendering white light emitting element of the present invention can take this design of the high color rendering white light emitting element 300 shown in Fig. 3 C, or take this design of the high color rendering white light emitting element 300 ' shown in Fig. 4, but due to this design of high color rendering white light emitting element 300, than high color rendering white light emitting element 300 ', this designs the brightness wanting many 30%-40%, therefore, take this structural allocation of high color rendering white light emitting element 300 better needing the high color rendering white light emitting element of greater brightness to remain.
The light that this high color rendering white light emitting element 300 sends by light-emitting component 304, such as blue light (wavelength is 440 nanometers (nm)-475 nanometer (nm)), purple light or ultraviolet light (wavelength is 350 nanometers (nm)-400 nanometer (nm)), or laser, the solid state fluorescence body 102 (such as ceramic phosphor or glass fluorophor) in high color rendering white light emitting element 300 is excited to produce the green-yellow light (or gold-tinted) of wavelength in 510 nanometers (nm)-575 nanometer (nm), and excite and coat redness on solid state fluorescence body 102 surface or orange fluorescent powder rete 106, produce the ruddiness of wavelength between 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) or the wavelength orange light in 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer, and with the green-yellow light (or gold-tinted) that solid state fluorescence body 102 sends, red or orange fluorescent powder rete 106 sends ruddiness or orange light, and the light that light-emitting component 304 sends is mixed into white light.The white light sent due to high color rendering white light emitting element 300 comprises the spectrum (spectrum of low colour temperature long wavelength) of 610 nanometers (nm)-670 nanometer (nm) wavelength that solid state fluorescence body 102 lacks or 580 nanometers (nm)-610 nanometer (nm) wavelength, therefore, the white-light spectrum that high color rendering white light emitting element 300 sends covers the spectrum of nearly all visible ray, so have comparatively high color rendering (CRI>80), and its colour temperature also can also reduce with imitating, even its colour temperature can drop in the reference color temperature of warm white, therefore, by the high color rendering white light emitting element 300 that method of the present invention (method shown in Fig. 3 A to Fig. 3 C) is made into, for can high color rendering be produced and the light-emitting component of low color temperature white light.The principle of luminosity of high color rendering white light emitting element 300 and mechanism are identical with mechanism with the aforementioned principle producing white light with high color rendering solid state fluorescence body 100 principle of luminosity and mechanism, and in detailed hereinbefore, therefore, no longer describe in this.
As in the method for aforementioned making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor of the present invention (Methods and steps shown in Figure 1A-Figure 1B and Fig. 2), the method of making high color rendering white light emitting element of the present invention also by controlling and changing the redness or orange fluorescent powder quantity coated on solid state fluorescence body 102 surface, and can control and change color rendering and the colour temperature that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light irradiates the white light produced.That is, the method of making high color rendering white light emitting element of the present invention changes the mixed proportion of red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and glue material, by changing the redness or orange fluorescent powder quantity coated on solid state fluorescence body 102 surface, and then can control and change color rendering and the colour temperature that high color rendering white solid state fluorophor 100 light irradiates the white light produced.The color rendering of these controls and change white light and the method for colour temperature, in detailed hereinbefore, no longer describe in this.
Because above-described embodiment, the invention provides a kind of method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor and high color rendering white light emitting element, effectively can promote the color rendering of white solid state fluorophor and white light emitting element, and effectively can control the colour temperature of white solid state fluorophor and white light emitting element, make it be more suitable for normal lighting.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, make a little change when the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to any simple modification that technical spirit of the present invention is done above embodiment, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (27)
1. make a method for high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, it is characterized in that comprising:
(1) solid state fluorescence body is provided, doped with fluorescent material in this solid state fluorescence body, this solid state fluorescence body can be absorbed some light that light-emitting component sends and inspire light with the light that this light-emitting component sends and mix, and produce white light; And
(2) coating red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder are on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
2. the method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the ceramic phosphor that this solid state fluorescence body forms for ceramic material and this fluorescent material.
3. the method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the glass fluorophor that this solid state fluorescence body forms for glass material and this fluorescent material, wherein, this fluorescent material distributes equably or is doped in this glass material.
4. the method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that this fluorescent material comprises yellowish green fluorescent powder or yellow fluorescent powder, or both all comprises.
5. the method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that this step (2) comprises:
This red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder are provided;
This red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and glue material Homogeneous phase mixing are prepared into fluorescent glue;
Be coated with this fluorescent glue on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body; And
Dry this fluorescent glue coated on this solid state fluorescence surface.
6. the method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and this glue material is 0.1%-50%.
7. the method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and this glue material is 0.8%-10%.
8. the method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that this glue material is silica gel or epoxy resin.
9. the method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that this fluorescent glue is coated on this solid state fluorescence surface with spraying or some glue mode by this fluorescent glue of this coating step on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
10. the as claimed in claim 5 method making high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that the thickness that this fluorescent glue coats this solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter-1 millimeter.
11. methods making as claimed in claim 10 high color rendering white solid state fluorophor, is characterized in that the thickness that this fluorescent glue coats this solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter-1 millimeter.
12. 1 kinds of methods making high color rendering white light emitting element, is characterized in that comprising:
(1) provide base material, this base material is provided with light-emitting component;
(2) solid state fluorescence body is arranged at above this light-emitting component on this base material; doped with fluorescent material in this solid state fluorescence body; this solid state fluorescence body is absorbed some light that this light-emitting component sends and inspire light with the light that this light-emitting component sends and mix, and produce white light; And
(3) coating red fluorescence powder or orange fluorescent powder are on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
The method of 13. high color rendering white light emitting elements as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that this light-emitting component is blue light emitting element, purple light light-emitting component or laser.
14. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that the ceramic phosphor that this solid state fluorescence body forms for ceramic material and this fluorescent material, wherein, this fluorescent material distributes equably or is doped in this ceramic material.
15. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that the glass fluorophor that this solid state fluorescence body forms for glass material and this fluorescent material, wherein, this fluorescent material distributes equably or is doped in this glass material.
16. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 12, it is characterized in that this fluorescent material comprises wherein this fluorescent material and comprises yellowish green fluorescent powder or yellow fluorescent powder, or both all comprise.
17. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that this step (3) is implemented after step (2) completes.
18. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that this step (3) was implemented before step (2) is implemented.
19. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that this step (3) comprises:
This red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder are provided;
This red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and glue material Homogeneous phase mixing are prepared into fluorescent glue;
Be coated with this fluorescent glue on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body; And
Dry this fluorescent glue coated on this solid state fluorescence surface.
20. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 19, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and this glue material is 0.1%-50%.
21. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 20, is characterized in that the mixed proportion of this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder and this glue material is 0.8%-10%.
22. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 19, is characterized in that this glue material is silica gel or epoxy resin.
23. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 19, is characterized in that this fluorescent glue is coated on this solid state fluorescence surface with spraying or some glue mode by this fluorescent glue of this coating step on the surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
24. methods making as claimed in claim 19 high color rendering white light emitting elements, is characterized in that the thickness that this fluorescent glue coats this solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter-1 millimeter.
25. methods making as claimed in claim 24 high color rendering white light emitting elements, is characterized in that the thickness that this fluorescent glue coats this solid state fluorescence body is 0.01 millimeter-1 millimeter.
26. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder are coated on the upper surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
27. methods making high color rendering white light emitting element as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that this red fluorescence powder or this orange fluorescent powder are coated on the lower surface of this solid state fluorescence body.
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CN109860377A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-06-07 | 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 | Using the white light LEDs and preparation method thereof of burst of ultraviolel |
CN111675492A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-18 | 中国计量大学 | High-color-rendering-property mixed fluorescent glass film for laser, preparation method thereof and thickness pre-screening method |
CN112119445A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2020-12-22 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | Display device |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112119445A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2020-12-22 | 株式会社半导体能源研究所 | Display device |
CN109860377A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-06-07 | 华中科技大学鄂州工业技术研究院 | Using the white light LEDs and preparation method thereof of burst of ultraviolel |
CN111675492A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-09-18 | 中国计量大学 | High-color-rendering-property mixed fluorescent glass film for laser, preparation method thereof and thickness pre-screening method |
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