CN104255362B - A kind of breeding method of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling Download PDFInfo
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- CN104255362B CN104255362B CN201410428045.9A CN201410428045A CN104255362B CN 104255362 B CN104255362 B CN 104255362B CN 201410428045 A CN201410428045 A CN 201410428045A CN 104255362 B CN104255362 B CN 104255362B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, the present invention is by Dwarf rootstocks Seedling of planting the 1st year spring, grafting in August apple variety, kind is not sprouted then, 2nd year spring cut anvil, kind is sprouted, and uses and promotees branch technology, cultivates annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling.Solve the ropy problem of Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling that traditional method is cultivated, the annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling cultivated, field planting then, blooms then, and energy result, within 2nd year, i.e. there is yield, within 3rd year, just can get bumper crops, solve the problem going alone apple seedling result evening, build garden speed fast, be particularly suitable for the Apple Dwarf Stocks intensive culture pattern demand to Fructus Mali pumilae seedlings, especially to solving current Fuji apple Cheng Huanan, the problem in result evening is an effective way.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of a kind of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling.
Background technology
European countries (Holland, France, Italy) Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stock is bred, and uses knip (short
Cut) technology, mostly cultivate the multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling of life in 2 years.1st year, Dwarf rootstocks Seedling was adopted
Hui Hou, spring is in vitro grafting (whip graft) apple variety in indoor, presses seeding row spacing March～April after healing
0.9 × 0.33 meter, transplant and cultivate to nursery, land for growing field crops, 1.2-1.5 rice can be grown to then, but do not go out garden.Second
Early spring in year, in cutting back (Knip) at the 0.7-0.8 rice of ground, retains clip blastogenesis long, shaping in garden, year
End goes out garden.The indoor in vitro grafting in the 1st year of this technology uses grafting technology, and technical difficulty is big, needs bigger place,
After connecing, healing needs certain facility, adds grafting and takes a lot of work, and the Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting after Grafted Variety is at Seedling
Garden survival rate planting survival rates more direct than Dwarf rootstocks Seedling the lowest more than 10%.Add kind growth fraction then
When directly planting stock, seedling height wants big, easily lodges, so inserting a vertical rod for each young plant immediately after field planting,
Take a lot of work." wiping out spire method " weak effect in branch technology, can only be after the 2nd of seedling growth year determines to do
Early stage industry 3-5 branch, would not produce preferable branch later；" spraying general Lip river Malin (Promalin)
Method " concrete formula and details of operation be the most all secrecy technology, we are unknown.Domestic white in Shaanxi
A small amount of Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling of aquatic product, although be also the annual Dwarf rootstocks Fructus Mali pumilae going out garden for 2 years
Seedling, but be all to go alone Seedling, without branch, result is late.
At present, crab apple produce in newly-built garden substantially select plant then can the short anvil high-quality seedlings of result,
(Knip boom, Dutch knip are the meanings of cutting back, and boom is the meaning of seedling, knip to get final product Buddhist nun garden Seedling
Boom refers to the seedling in garden through cutting back shaping, and being translated as temporarily can Buddhist nun garden Seedling).The raising technology of this nursery stock
Initiating for Holland, its mating system is, in April in spring by the Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling of grafting in vitro in indoor
Field planting, in nursery, retains a scion variety bud germination and growth, about current growth to 1.5 meter, but does not goes out
Garden.Second Year retains clip blastogenesis long in cutting back (Knip) at the 0.7-0.8 rice of ground early spring, uses and promotees
Branch technology, shaping in garden, go out garden multi-branched seedlings the year end.
Dwarf rootstocks Seedling is bred by horizontal press strip method.The Dwarf rootstocks Seedling of breeding autumn and winter or
Gather in the crops before rudiment in spring, preserve.Spring, indoor branch-grafting apple variety, fixed in nursery after healing (about needing January)
Plant, seeding row spacing 0.9 × 0.33 meter.Insert a vertical rod for each young plant immediately after field planting, will take out by grafting then
Bondage is in vertical rod by several times, to guarantee seedling vertical growth for raw young sprout.The First Year cultivated in garden, young sprout
1.2-1.5 rice can be grown to, but garden can't be gone out.In the Second Year spring, this Seedling is cut in 70-80 centimeters and cuts (Knip),
Depending on concrete height can be according to the requirement of user, at this cutting back, diameter should reach 1 centimetre.First is kept after germination
Bud vertical growth, removes other rudiment at any time at whole Growing season, makes to keep below at 70-80 centimetre of cutting back light
Sliding.Can all come from upright young sprout then by the Buddhist nun garden all side shoots of Seedling, first side shoot be away from ground 0.9-1.0
Rice, when i.e. clip bud young sprout grows to 20 centimetres, first second branch of pumping.One-level Seedling to ensure at least
7 length side shoot more than 30 centimetres, generally at about 10.Such nursery stock 2-3 after the field planting of orchard
Substantially need not prune in Nian, almost all of side shoot can be used in result.Shaping it is crucial that how to exist in garden
Second branch is inspired then, to form enough side shoots on the tissue regeneration promoting tip.Three kinds of methods are had to inspire second branch at present:
(1) wipe out spire method: when clip the first bud grows to 15-20 centimetre, pinch or wipe out young sprout top
Holding the top half of the most fully deployed spire, specific practice is left hand thumb and forefinger pinches young sprout top,
Make female nail cover be slightly above young sprout growing point, expose the top half of top spire, pinch by hand thumb first simultaneously
Fall or wipe out this part spire with little shears, it is ensured that not injuring young sprout growing point.So can be with past release young sprout
The top suppression to lateral bud, makes lateral bud quickly sprout into second branch.Method is weekly like this, if young sprout is raw
Length is quickly, it is possible to 3-5 days once, is even 4-6 time.
(2) spraying general Lip river Malin (Promalin): general Lip river Malin contains the 6-BA of the GA4+7 and 50% of 50%,
The sprouting of young sprout lateral bud can be promoted.General young sprout grows to spraying when 15-20 centimetre, and only spray is once, often with
Wipe out spire to be used in combination.General Lip river Malin's concentration is 2.5-5%, adds a little spreader-sticker.Use hand-held spraying
Young sprout top of respraying by device, top wet even have lower of drop till.
(3) spraying 6-BA: spraying 6-BA also can promote sprouting of lateral bud.In clip bud pumping young sprout length extremely
When 15-20 centimetre, starting spraying, concentration is every 100 liters and contains 30-60 gram of 6-BA effective ingredient, adds a little
Spreader-sticker.Spreader-sticker wants appropriate, is not added with or the most then medicinal liquid can not be attached on the spire of band hair, and having too much can
Can burn spire.Once in a week, even spray 4-6 time.The most also it is only to spray 1-2 time and tie mutually with wiping out spire
Credit union obtains more preferable effect.
Spreading angle is noted the most at any time at the Growing season secondary to inspiring, to control the growth rugosity of side shoot,
Promotion part becomes colored then.Ultimately forming 3 years takes root is, 2 years raw trunks, 1 Nian Sheng center dry doublings raw 6
The Dwarf rootstocks apple nursery stock of-12 secondary side shoots.
Existing external rush branch technology, needs to grope detailed working specification, these aspects Holland, France,
Italy's nursery stock company technique secrecy.
China is apple production state maximum in the world and country of consumption, the Apple Culture gross area 3090.3 in 2012
Ten thousand mu, total output 3849.1 ten thousand tons (China Statistical Yearbook in 2013), account for respectively world's Fructus Mali pumilae gross area and
The 42.54% and 48.44% of total output.The advantage of scale of China's Apple Industry is fairly obvious, but unit are
The difference that yield, fruit total quality are the biggest compared with Fructus Mali pumilae advanced production country of the world with orchard economic benefit
Away from, and cause a major reason of this gap to be China's Apple Culture system and technology mode has already fallen behind.
China's Fructus Mali pumilae developed on a large scale period in the eighties in last century and the beginning of the nineties, and main popularization is tall anvil planting culture
Pattern, the orchard of current China 90% sets up according to this cultivation mode, and the orchard of only 10% uses to be downgraded
Intermediate stock builds garden, and Dwarf rootstocks orchard is less than 0.1%.Although this kind of cultivation mode is to promoting China's Fructus Mali pumilae
Industry fast development contributes, but owing to tall anvil planting culture technology is grasped and unreachable position by orchard worker,
In addition the defect of this pattern self, causes that most of orchard is airtight, illumination is bad, result is late, yields poorly, really
Quality is poor.
Short anvil intensive culture is developing direction and the trend of world's apple production.During the cultivation of apple dwarf intermediate stock is
The principal mode of state's current apple dwarf cultivation, played an important role aborning.With dwarfing interstock Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae
Really Seedling is compared, Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling breed whole during do not use true seed to sow, seedling growth
Body difference is little, neat and consistent, and Jian Yuan garden looks are neat, and early, yield is high, quality better for result.World's apple production
Developed country (such as the U.S., France, Italy) widely used apple dwarf is cultivated from root anvil, and application is downgraded certainly
Root anvil apple seedling orchard establishing, short anvil Fructus Mali pumilae accounts for the Fructus Mali pumilae gross area more than 90%, and export volume accounts for total product more than 30%.
Apple in Shaanxi province cultivated area and the total output whole nation first.Apple orchard area 997.83 ten thousand mu in 2013, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae
Really total output 942.82 ten thousand tons (2013 Shaanxi Province fruit industry statistical communique of development), account for national total area 30%,
The 25% of total output.Although the big province of Fructus Mali pumilae, but be not that apple production saves by force, with plantation level and the list in Shandong
Produce gap bigger；Gap is bigger compared with apple production developed country of the world.Main cause is Shaanxi Apple area
Greatly, the intensive efficient orchard area of short anvil is little, and science and technology demonstration and promotion rate are unable to catch up with Fructus Mali pumilae area and are gathered way.
In order to improve the international competitiveness of apple in Shaanxi province, promoting Apple Industry upgrading, in recent years, Shaanxi Province is precious
Ji Shi Qianyang County general first introduces Europe multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling and builds garden, sets up Dwarf rootstocks press strip numerous
Grow garden, obtain good effect.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses the breeding method of a kind of annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, including downgrading certainly
Root anvil Seedling field planting, apple variety grafting and management and annual multi-branched apple seedling cultivate two parts.1st year,
Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting, apple variety grafting and management, it is desirable to Dwarf rootstocks height of seedling degree 60-90cm, raw
Rugosity 6～12mm at the above 10cm in root position, well developed root system, side root more than 10；Late March～4
The first tenday period of a month moon are by distance between rows and hills 0.8m × 0.3m or 0.6m × 0.4m field planting Dwarf rootstocks Seedling, every mu of field planting about 2775
Strain, must not exceed 3000 strains, surely does at cutting back at root anvil Seedling stem height 40cm after field planting；After field planting is complete
Micro spray irrigation, irrigates ground, and late June removal does all branches below at high 25cm from root anvil Seedling；6～
Topdressing July 2 times, the most every strain, from root anvil Seedling sealing fertilizer 5g, is poured water after fertilising in time.Before kind grafting short
Change and pour water from root anvil Seedling, improve graft survival rate；In 8 months, the last ten-days period use carry wooden bud grafting method, do not reveal bud and transfer
Connect apple variety；Season of growth keypoint control aphid, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae tip leaf roller, cnidocampa flavescens walker and powdery mildew, rust, early
Phase defoliation, it is ensured that rich water supply, enters winter front nursery and waters freeze-up water.2nd year, annual multi-branched apple seedling
Cultivate, it is desirable to apple variety was buddered and sprouted anterior canal sealing fertilizer 50kg/ mu spring, and the season of growth is the most each
Young sprout promotees liquid manure supply to be guaranteed before branch processes；Late Febuary～early March, above apple variety is buddered
Cutting anvil membrane removal at 5～10mm, clip to smooth and slightly to tilt to the back side of buddering；After cutting anvil, membrane removal, in 3
The middle of the month kind budder sprouting before, spray 5 degree of lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan of Baume；Erase in time on Dwarf rootstocks
Rudiment, sprout the tip and sprout tillers, it is ensured that apple variety is buddered growth；Before late May, remove Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae the most as early as possible
All sublateral shoots within fruit kind young sprout base portion 50cm, in 6 months, the last ten-days period, wipe out the short of more than kind grafting mouth
Change from root anvil stub, promote that anvil stake clip heals or ring-type healing completely；Late May～mid-June,
When apple variety new-tip length reaches more than 50cm, young sprout often grows 15～20cm, first pinches or wipe out still
The top half 6-7 sheet leaf of spire that is the most fully deployed or that grow up, then use plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia red
Mould acid, concentration is the aqueous solution of 750mg/kg, sprays young sprout, promotes that annual apple seedling young sprout promotees branch,
Along with the growth of apple variety young sprout, carry out altogether 2 times promoting branch operation, by the end of September, apple variety new-tip length
Average up to 172cm, the average 1.35cm of nursery stock rugosity, have at apple variety young sprout base portion 50～100cm 20～
The branch 10 of 60cm～15, so far, annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling is just cultivated successfully.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, the present invention be will be more fully described now, it is shown that various embodiments.But, the present invention
Can implement in many different forms, and should not be construed as limited to embodiment set forth herein.On the contrary,
These embodiments are provided so that the disclosure will be thoroughly and completely, and fully convey the scope of the present invention to
Those skilled in the art.
Technical solution of the present invention:
1st year: Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting, apple variety grafting and management
(1) nursery land used prepares:
Traffic convenience, leeward have irrigation conditions on the sunny side, and soil layer is deep, fertile soil, sandy loam, loam,
PH5.0～7.8；In first 5 years of Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting, do not breed fruit nursery stock or build apple orchard；Downgrade certainly
In the October of root anvil Seedling field planting the previous year, grade, nursery lot uses sufficient base fertilizer, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 100kg/
Mu, Chicken dung fertilizer 2 ton/mu, spread the chlopyrifos granule 1kg/ mu of insecticide 15%, plough deeply 40～
50cm, leisure is also irrigated before frozen soil；Nursery lot subregion, every district area is less than 15 mu, installs micro-
Spray irrigation system, reserved 1, the wide road of 4m, it is simple to transport the field means of production；
(2) Dwarf rootstocks Seedling prepares:
Rest period prepares Dwarf rootstocks Seedling, can be selected for the major clique T337 of M26, B9, M9 and M9 from root anvil Seedling,
Require height of seedling 60-90cm, rugosity 6～12mm, well developed root system, side root 10 at the above 10cm in position of taking root
More than bar.
Every mu need to prepare Dwarf rootstocks Seedling about 3000 strain, and wet-storage is standby；
(3) Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting nursery planning:
By the end of February-early March, nursery lot of raking, plan Dwarf rootstocks Seedling by line-spacing 0.8m or 0.6m unwrapping wire
Field planting row, notes the micro spray irrigation system pipeline facility that staggers, flat furrow wholely, field not ridging；Around nursery lot
Plant without willow, Sophora japonica L., pine and cypress tree within 15m；
(4) Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting:
Resident time: late March～early April；
Plantation density: distance between rows and hills 0.8m × 0.3m or 0.6m × 0.4m, every mu of field planting Dwarf rootstocks Seedling must not
More than 3000 strains.
Mode of planting: use rectangle mode field planting Dwarf rootstocks Seedling, uprightly plant from root anvil Seedling, dig vesicle
Field planting, deep about the 20cm in cave, after root anvil shoot root system unfolds, soil is treaded in ridging, and ground grading, after field planting
Surely do at cutting back at root anvil Seedling stem height 40cm, after cutting back, close clip with seal and shear oil or mixed oil stop-off lacquer,
The strain of every mu of field planting Dwarf rootstocks Seedling about 2775.The complete rear micro spray irrigation of field planting, irrigates ground, about needs 20-30
Minute.
(5) daily management and Dwarf rootstocks Seedling growing state after field planting: remove weeds, strengthen water supply,
Pour water in time, intertillage soil moisture conservation, prevent field planting nursery stock in May base portion day then from burning, enrich foliage fertilizer；Disabling weeding
Agent.Late June is investigated, and can sprout new buds 3-6 from root anvil Seedling, and new-tip length reaches 30-60cm, now may be used
Remove and do all branches below at high 25cm from root anvil Seedling, make Seedling do smooth, it is simple to grafting in August Fructus Mali pumilae product
Plant and budder.Topdressing before grafting 2 times, the most every strain is from root anvil Seedling sealing fertilizer 5g, N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、
K2O content is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%, and mu topdresses 10～20kg, pours water in time after fertilising.Seedling before grafting
Wood is poured water, and can improve graft survival rate.
(6) apple variety grafting and management:
Fruit variety: rich No. 3 of Nagafu No.2, Li Gala, cigarette, rich No. 1 of gift, Early Fuji, Pink Lady,
Crisp, the jazz of honey, tall and handsome, Qiao Najin major clique.
Scion gathers: before grafting, from kind cutting orchard maternal plant, gather full without the sprout of quarantine pest and disease damage
Annual young sprout as scion, remove blade, only stay a bit of petiole, put wet-storage at cool place standby.
Scion, with adopting with connecing, must not exceed 2 weeks standing time.Grafting the previous day, scion clip is placed in downwards clear water
In, absorb water more than 12 hours, graft survival rate can be improved.
Grafting time: in 8 months, the last ten-days period.
Engrafting method and mode: using and carry wooden bud grafting method, do not reveal bud grafting, apple variety is buddered and do not sprouted
Send out.It is white clear or pink hyaline membrane, width 2.5～3.5cm, length 11.5～15.5 that requirement connects tree film
cm。
Graft position: budder one doing grafting apple variety at high 20cm from root anvil Seedling.Grafting of buddering is being met
Wind direction, the general grafting in Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China is in direction, northwest.
Managing after grafting: grafting checks after one week and survives situation, connects the benefit in time not survived.Note weeding,
Loosening the soil, topdress and pour water, execute decay sheep excrement fertilizer 2 tons for every mu before entering the winter, in conjunction with basal dressing, nursery is necessary
Water freeze-up water.
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae tip leaf roller and white lead
Sick, rust；Keypoint control cnidocampa flavescens walker and early defoliation disease after August.
2nd year: annual multi-branched apple seedling is cultivated
(8) cut anvil and membrane removal: late Febuary～early March, before nursery stock germinates, cut anvil and membrane removal in time,
Promote to budder sprouting.All branches on Dwarf rootstocks Seedling are cut at 5～10mm above apple variety is buddered
Remove, clip to smooth and slightly to budder the back side tilt, simultaneously remove budder wrapped up connect tree film.
(9) except sprouting: after cutting anvil and membrane removal, the rudiment on Dwarf rootstocks of erasing in time, the tip and sprout tillers are sprouted,
Guarantee that apple variety is buddered growth.Repeated multiple times carrying out is wanted except sprouting, general 3-4 time.Before late May, right
Within apple variety base portion 50cm, all sublateral shoots (i.e. because position is low, become useless branch) also should be timely
Remove as early as possible.In 6 months, the last ten-days period, in seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out more than kind grafting mouth 5～10mm
Dwarf rootstocks stub, it is simple to anvil stake clip heals or ring-type healing completely.
(10) application of annual apple seedling young sprout rush branch technology:
Rush branch medicament: the plant growth regulator benzyl that Zhejiang Shenghua Biok Biology Co., Ltd. produces
Ammonia gibberellin, total effective component content is 3.6%, and wherein benayl aminopurine content is 1.8%, gibberellin A4,
A7 content is 1.8%, and dosage form is cream.
Medicament concentration: plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellin concentration is 750mg/kg, with clear
Water wiring solution-forming.
Promote the supporting operation of branch and medicament processing method: first pinch or wipe out in young sprout top 15～20cm not yet
The top half of spire that is fully deployed or that grow up, generally 6-7 sheet leaf, young sprout growing point must not be injured；Again
With manual sprayer spray promote branch medicament at young sprout top 15～20cm, make young sprout top young leaflet tablet,
Lateral bud squirts and has lower of medicinal liquid.During seedling growth, this promotees the supporting operation of branch and chemicals treatment carries out two altogether
Secondary, the most only process young sprout top, do not repeat to process same position young sprout or branch, process time interval twice
It it is about two weeks.
Young sprout promotees branch and is embodied as and effect:
Late May～mid-June, when apple variety new-tip length reaches more than 50cm, young sprout is often given birth to
Long 15～20cm, application promotees branch chemicals treatment 15～20cm young sprout once, can release young sprout top offside
The suppression of bud, makes lateral bud quickly sprout into second branch (i.e. sublateral shoot or branch).Process for the first time, 2 weeks with
After can in handled 15～20cm young sprout position and above 3-5 the lateral bud that will grow growth-promoting branch
7-11, average 8-9, each branch length reaches 3-10cm, average about 6-7cm；Each processed
Lateral bud all can grow branch, branch residing section on young sprout reaches 20～30cm, average 25cm.First
Secondary rush branch chemicals treatment, after two weeks, when apple variety young sprout top reaches 15～20cm without branch section, is carried out
Branch processes for the second time, and processing method is identical with first time, after second time processes two weeks, can produce and first
The effect that secondary process is same.Whole season of growth young sprout promotees branch technical finesse and operates 2 times altogether.
By the end of September, apple variety new-tip length (i.e. nursery stock kind height) is average up to 172cm, and up to 201
Cm, the average 1.35cm of nursery stock rugosity, the most slightly reach 1.90cm, have at apple variety young sprout base portion 50～100cm
The branch 10 of 20～60cm～15.Apple nursery stock quality is fully achieved and more than GB9847-2003 " Fructus Mali pumilae
Nursery stock " requirement of one-level nursery stock.So far, annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling is just cultivated successfully.
(11) soil, water, fertile management: apple variety was buddered and sprouted front ditching-fertilizing, every mu of sealing fertilizer spring
50kg, N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2O content is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%；The season of growth is before rain or fills
When irrigating, each every mu imposes carbamide 15-20kg, May, June, July the most once, impose altogether 3 times, execute
Pour water in time after fertilizer.Young sprout promotees to water before branch processes every time.Weeding in noting, preserving soil moisture.
(12) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after cutting anvil, membrane removal, before kind budders sprouting mid-March, sprays Baume 5
Degree lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan；Rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae tip leaf roller and powdery mildew,
Rust；Keypoint control cnidocampa flavescens walker and early defoliation disease after August.
(13) lifting and classification: before autumn frozen soil or soil next spring thaw after, before Sprout period,
Use manually or mechanically lifting, the damage to root system should be reduced as far as possible, according to GB9847-2003 " apple nursery stock "
Prescription, carries out seedling sorting, sale.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention, be not limited to the present invention.The present invention can have respectively
Plant suitably change and change.All made within the spirit and principles in the present invention any amendment, equivalent,
Improve, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the breeding method of an annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling, it is characterised in that:
1st year: Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting, apple variety grafting and management
(1) nursery land used prepares:
Traffic convenience, leeward have irrigation conditions on the sunny side, and soil layer is deep, fertile soil, sandy loam, loam,
PH5.0～7.8；In first 5 years of Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting, do not breed fruit nursery stock or build apple orchard；Downgrade certainly
In the October of root anvil Seedling field planting the previous year, grade, nursery lot uses sufficient base fertilizer, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 100kg/
Mu, Chicken dung fertilizer 2 ton/mu, spread the chlopyrifos granule 1kg/ mu of insecticide 15%, plough deeply 40～
50cm, leisure is also irrigated before frozen soil；Nursery lot subregion, every district area is less than 15 mu, installs micro-
Spray irrigation system, reserved 1, the wide road of 4m, it is simple to transport the field means of production；
(2) Dwarf rootstocks Seedling prepares:
Rest period prepares Dwarf rootstocks Seedling, can be selected for the major clique T337 of M26, B9, M9 and M9 from root anvil Seedling,
Require height of seedling 60-90cm, rugosity 6～12mm, well developed root system, side root 10 at the above 10cm in position of taking root
More than bar；
Every mu need to prepare Dwarf rootstocks Seedling about 3000 strain, and wet-storage is standby；
(3) Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting nursery planning:
By the end of February-early March, nursery lot of raking, plan Dwarf rootstocks Seedling by line-spacing 0.8m or 0.6m unwrapping wire
Field planting row, notes the micro spray irrigation system pipeline facility that staggers, flat furrow wholely, field not ridging；Around nursery lot
Plant without willow, Sophora japonica L., pine and cypress tree within 15m；
(4) Dwarf rootstocks Seedling field planting:
Resident time: late March～early April；
Plantation density: distance between rows and hills 0.8m × 0.3m or 0.6m × 0.4m, every mu of field planting Dwarf rootstocks Seedling must not
More than 3000 strains；
Mode of planting: use rectangle mode field planting Dwarf rootstocks Seedling, uprightly plant from root anvil Seedling, dig vesicle
Field planting, deep about the 20cm in cave, after root anvil shoot root system unfolds, soil is treaded in ridging, and ground grading, after field planting
Surely do at cutting back at root anvil Seedling stem height 40cm, after cutting back, close clip with seal and shear oil or mixed oil stop-off lacquer,
The strain of every mu of field planting Dwarf rootstocks Seedling about 2775；The complete rear micro spray irrigation of field planting, irrigates ground, about needs 20-30
Minute；
(5) daily management and Dwarf rootstocks Seedling growing state after field planting: remove weeds, strengthen water supply,
Pour water in time, intertillage soil moisture conservation, prevent field planting nursery stock in May base portion day then from burning, enrich foliage fertilizer；Disabling weeding
Agent；Late June is investigated, and can sprout new buds 3-6 from root anvil Seedling, and new-tip length reaches 30-60cm, now goes
Except doing all branches below at high 25cm from root anvil Seedling, Seedling is made to do smooth, it is simple to grafting in August apple variety
Budder；Topdressing before grafting 2 times, the most every strain is from root anvil Seedling sealing fertilizer 5g, N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2O
Content is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%, and mu topdresses 10～20kg, pours water in time after fertilising；Nursery stock before grafting
Pour water, graft survival rate can be improved；
(6) apple variety grafting and management:
Fruit variety: rich No. 3 of Nagafu No.2, Li Gala, cigarette, rich No. 1 of gift, Early Fuji, Pink Lady,
Crisp, the jazz of honey, tall and handsome, Qiao Najin major clique；
Scion gathers: before grafting, from kind cutting orchard maternal plant, gather full without the sprout of quarantine pest and disease damage
Annual young sprout as scion, remove blade, only stay a bit of petiole, put wet-storage at cool place standby；
Scion, with adopting with connecing, must not exceed 2 weeks standing time；Grafting the previous day, scion clip is placed in downwards clear water
In, absorb water more than 12 hours, graft survival rate can be improved；
Grafting time: in 8 months, the last ten-days period；
Engrafting method and mode: using and carry wooden bud grafting method, do not reveal bud grafting, apple variety is buddered and do not sprouted
Send out；It is white clear or pink hyaline membrane, width 2.5～3.5cm, length 11.5～15.5 that requirement connects tree film
cm；
Graft position: budder one doing grafting apple variety at high 20cm from root anvil Seedling；Grafting of buddering is being met
Wind direction, the general grafting in Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, China is in direction, northwest；
Managing after grafting: grafting checks after one week and survives situation, connects the benefit in time not survived；Note weeding,
Loosening the soil, topdress and pour water, execute decay sheep excrement fertilizer 2 tons for every mu before entering the winter, in conjunction with basal dressing, nursery is necessary
Water freeze-up water；
(7) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae tip leaf roller and white lead
Sick, rust；Keypoint control cnidocampa flavescens walker and early defoliation disease after August；
2nd year: annual multi-branched apple seedling is cultivated
(8) cut anvil and membrane removal: late Febuary～early March, before nursery stock germinates, cut anvil and membrane removal in time,
Promote to budder sprouting；All branches on Dwarf rootstocks Seedling are cut at 5～10mm above apple variety is buddered
Remove, clip to smooth and slightly to budder the back side tilt, simultaneously remove budder wrapped up connect tree film；
(9) except sprouting: after cutting anvil and membrane removal, the rudiment on Dwarf rootstocks of erasing in time, the tip and sprout tillers are sprouted,
Guarantee that apple variety is buddered growth；Repeated multiple times carrying out is wanted except sprouting, general 3-4 time；Before late May, right
Within apple variety base portion 50cm, all sublateral shoots (i.e. because position is low, become useless branch) also should be timely
Remove as early as possible；In 6 months, the last ten-days period, in seedling growth vigorous period, wipe out more than kind grafting mouth 5～10mm
Dwarf rootstocks stub, it is simple to anvil stake clip heals or ring-type healing completely；
(10) application of annual apple seedling young sprout rush branch technology:
Rush branch medicament: the plant growth regulator benzyl that Zhejiang Shenghua Biok Biology Co., Ltd. produces
Ammonia gibberellin, total effective component content is 3.6%, and wherein benayl aminopurine content is 1.8%, gibberellin A4,
A7 content is 1.8%, and dosage form is cream；
Medicament concentration: plant growth regulator benzyl ammonia gibberellin concentration is 750mg/kg, with clear
Water wiring solution-forming；
Promote the supporting operation of branch and medicament processing method: first pinch or wipe out in young sprout top 15～20cm not yet
The top half of spire that is fully deployed or that grow up, generally 6-7 sheet leaf, young sprout growing point must not be injured；Again
With manual sprayer spray promote branch medicament at young sprout top 15～20cm, make young sprout top young leaflet tablet,
Lateral bud squirts and has lower of medicinal liquid；During seedling growth, this promotees the supporting operation of branch and chemicals treatment carries out two altogether
Secondary, the most only process young sprout top, do not repeat to process same position young sprout or branch, process time interval twice
It it is about two weeks；
Young sprout promotees branch and is embodied as and effect:
Late May～mid-June, when apple variety new-tip length reaches more than 50cm, young sprout is often given birth to
Long 15～20cm, application promotees branch chemicals treatment 15～20cm young sprout once, can release young sprout top offside
The suppression of bud, makes lateral bud quickly sprout into second branch (i.e. sublateral shoot or branch)；Process for the first time, 2 weeks with
After can in handled 15～20cm young sprout position and above 3-5 the lateral bud that will grow growth-promoting branch
7-11, average 8-9, each branch length reaches 3-10cm, average about 6-7cm；Each processed
Lateral bud all can grow branch, branch residing section on young sprout reaches 20～30cm, average 25cm；First
Secondary rush branch chemicals treatment, after two weeks, when apple variety young sprout top reaches 15～20cm without branch section, is carried out
Branch processes for the second time, and processing method is identical with first time, after second time processes two weeks, can produce and first
The effect that secondary process is same；Whole season of growth young sprout promotees branch technical finesse and operates 2 times altogether；
By the end of September, apple variety new-tip length (i.e. nursery stock kind height) is average up to 172cm, and up to 201
Cm, the average 1.35cm of nursery stock rugosity, the most slightly reach 1.90cm, have at apple variety young sprout base portion 50～100cm
The branch 10 of 20～60cm～15；Apple nursery stock quality is fully achieved and more than GB9847-2003 " Fructus Mali pumilae
Nursery stock " requirement of one-level nursery stock；So far, annual multi-branched Dwarf rootstocks apple seedling is just cultivated successfully；
(11) soil, water, fertile management: apple variety was buddered and sprouted front ditching-fertilizing, every mu of sealing fertilizer spring
50kg, N, P in compound fertilizer2O5、K2O content is respectively 15%, 15%, 15%；The season of growth is before rain or fills
When irrigating, each every mu imposes carbamide 15-20kg, May, June, July the most once, impose altogether 3 times, execute
Pour water in time after fertilizer；Young sprout promotees to water before branch processes every time；Weeding in noting, preserving soil moisture；
(12) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: after cutting anvil, membrane removal, before kind budders sprouting mid-March, sprays Baume 5
Degree lime sulfur nursery Qing Yuan；Rudiment in spring to by the end of July, keypoint control aphid, Herba Marsileae Quadrifoliae tip leaf roller and powdery mildew,
Rust；Keypoint control cnidocampa flavescens walker and early defoliation disease after August；
(13) lifting and classification: before autumn frozen soil or soil next spring thaw after, before Sprout period,
Use manually or mechanically lifting, the damage to root system should be reduced as far as possible, according to GB9847-2003 " apple nursery stock "
Prescription, carries out seedling sorting, sale.
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| CN104756816A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-07-08 | 陕西超越农业有限公司 | Two-year-old multi-branch dwarf self-rooted rootstock apple seedling culturing method |
| CN105145255B (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-06-27 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of apple dwarf is from root anvil seedling-wood breeding method |
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| CN107318475A (en) * | 2017-07-12 | 2017-11-07 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of apple is from root anvil with branch big seedling cultivation method |
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| CN112166920B (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | 西安咸恒农业科技有限公司 | Method for cultivating double-dwarf apples without supports |
| CN113016483B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2024-06-07 | 广西壮族自治区亚热带作物研究所（广西亚热带农产品加工研究所） | Dwarf cultivation method for slowing down top dominance of mango trees |
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| CN102907289B (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-01-22 | 王裕忠 | Method for fast breeding dwarfing rootstock self-root-system non-toxic apple seedlings |
| CN102577900A (en) * | 2012-01-18 | 2012-07-18 | 西北农林科技大学 | Breeding method of apple dwarf self-rooting multi-branch nursery stock |
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