CN1042508A - 网状原纤化耐气候纤维网、由其制成的非织造织物以及它们的生产工艺 - Google Patents
网状原纤化耐气候纤维网、由其制成的非织造织物以及它们的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1042508A CN1042508A CN89108452A CN89108452A CN1042508A CN 1042508 A CN1042508 A CN 1042508A CN 89108452 A CN89108452 A CN 89108452A CN 89108452 A CN89108452 A CN 89108452A CN 1042508 A CN1042508 A CN 1042508A
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- layer
- fleece
- thermoplastic resin
- film
- fibrillation
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Abstract
网状结构的原纤化耐气候纤维网。它包括至少为两层的多层复合膜,第一层(I)为第一种热塑性树脂,第二层(II)为第二种热塑性树脂。第二种树脂的熔点较第一种的低,并含至少300ppm耐光剂。在膜的纵向或横向形成许多狭缝。该网在1.1至15倍的拉伸比范围内定向。一种利用上述的一或多种原纤化纤维网制成的非织造织物和制造这种纤维网与非织造织物的方法。
Description
本发明涉及原纤化的耐气候纤维网,它具有网状结构且能耐光照或其它类似物的作用。此类纤维网均由一种复合膜构成,膜至少有两层,一层是由第一种热塑性树脂挤压出的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压出的第二层(Ⅱ)。第二种热塑性树脂的熔点较第一种低,并且含有有效数量的耐光剂。本发明也涉及用这类纤维网制成的非织造织物。本发明还涉及这类纤维网与非织造织物的生产工艺。
非织造织物目前有多种生产方法,其中可以举纺粘法作为典型实例。纺粘法是将未经拉伸的熔纺长丝束引入吸丝器喷咀,用压缩空气将其拉丝并喷出,在拉伸的同时使其带上静电荷,靠静电斥力将它们分开成单丝,将生成的单丝收集在一个带相反电荷的传送带上。关于这一工艺迄今已提出多种方法[例如,日本特许公报4993/1962,日本特许公报26599/1968,日本特许公报14913/1969,日本特许公报21817/1969,日本特许公报1941/1970,西德专利公开说明书1760730(日本特许公报1942/1970),英国专利说明书1,219,921(日本特许公报10779/1970),英国专利说明书1,214,509(日本特许公报33876/1970),和英国专利说明书1,271,844(日本特许公报3317/1971)]。
另外,还知道由至少一层纤维材料与至少一层卷曲的拉伸带层压在一起而构成的非织造织物(美国专利3,734,812)。
另一种制造非织造织物的方法是,作成熔融树脂的管式膜,将膜拉伸并原纤化成具有网状结构的原纤化膜,即形成裂膜纤维,将裂膜纤维展开成预定宽度并使之定形,然后将它们按径/纬关系层压[美国专利3,669,795(日本特许公报2786/1972,日本特许公报4738/1972,和英国专利说明书1,386,438)。这些非织造织物可用作衣料的衬垫布,滤布,纱罗织物,亚麻制品,罩布,采矿及工程材料(如电池隔离物),农业与园艺材料,建筑及结构材料等。
众所周知,这些塑料制的非织造织物暴露在阳光、雨、空气中的氧与臭氧、霉菌等等之中,因此在户外使用时会退化。
作为一种专门对付紫外线、热、氧及臭氧等等的措施,通常是在树脂中加入一种耐光剂(如紫外吸收剂或光稳定剂),或是一种耐气候剂(如抗氧化剂),或者是用这样一种材料涂敷树脂。
为实行这样一种措施,可列举以下方法为例:
将一种耐气候剂直接揉合到树脂中。如同日本特许公报2344/1961中所述的那样,将有机高聚物薄膜浸入一种紫外吸收剂的溶液中,在溶剂蒸发之后,将浸过的膜加热,使紫外吸收剂与薄膜的表面层相结合。
如英国专利说明书1,124,433(日本特许公报24160/1971)那样,将紫外吸收剂溶于液态多元醇中,用之涂布。
日本特许申请公开43972/1988公开了一种耐气候涂料的涂布。
日本特许申请公开201237/1987与234924/1987公开了一种层压制件,其外边为透明薄膜,中间层为加有紫外吸收剂的粘合层。
日本特许申请公开238741/1987介绍了一种薄膜,它由一种含有紫外吸收剂的聚氯乙烯树脂膜构成,该膜的一面或两面上涂有丙烯酸树脂。
在日本实用新案公报37729/1987中介绍了一种薄膜,在一个双轴向拉伸的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜的一面上有一丙烯酸树脂涂层,涂层中掺有紫外吸收剂。
日本特许公报59668/1987提出了一种多层树脂膜,它以一个双轴向拉伸膜作为基底层,其表面层为含有耐气候剂的单轴拉伸膜,并且层压在基底层上。
但是,将耐气候剂或其它类似物直接揉合到树脂中的方法要求能均匀掺合大量的耐气候剂或其它类似物。因此这一方法具有缺点,例如所得的产品价格昂贵,而且当产品为薄膜时,其单轴拉伸会造成拉伸不规则和/或切断。
另一方面,在欲拉伸的基料层中掺入大量添加剂或填料会损害基底层的质量,而且,大量的添加物会在拉伸阶段起霜,形成模头沉积物。这导致拉伸时发生切断或裂口。再者,白色粉末与模头沉积物会阻塞***器叶片,妨碍裂膜。
当一个限定狭缝的膜,例如裂膜纤维的非织造织物在拉伸时,上述问题变得显著起来,因此上述方法不适于裂膜纤维非织造织物的实际生产。
另外,用紫外吸收剂溶液涂敷预拉伸的薄膜,用含有吸紫外吸收剂的丙烯酸树脂涂敷基料的至少一个表面、用至少一个含紫外吸收剂的拉伸膜与至少一个拉伸膜层压,以及其它类似操作,全部包含着令人厌烦的步骤。
可以设想将这些方法用于裂膜纱的非织造织物。但在狭缝形成之后将事先用紫外吸收剂的溶液或用含紫外吸收剂的丙烯酸树脂涂敷过的膜拉伸时,可能会发生形成的膜剥落这样的问题。
另一方面,对于在薄膜狭条拉伸后用紫外吸收剂溶液或含紫外吸收剂的丙烯酸树脂涂布的方法,紫外吸收剂的溶液或含有紫外吸收剂的丙烯酸树脂未充分利用,此外,拉伸过的基料和涂敷膜之间的粘合差。还有,耐光效率也不可靠。
另外,通常的方法还有象溶剂的环境污染、安全、和溶剂处理等其它许多问题。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种方法,以解决在常规方法中常常遇到的加工能力、产品质量和经济问题,在常规方法中是将耐光剂或类似物揉合到树脂中,将所得的树脂制成纤维网,然后将纤维网拉伸或是用紫外吸收剂或类似物涂敷拉伸的纤维网。本发明的第一个具体目标是提供一种具有网状结构的耐气候的纤维网。
本发明的第二个具体目的是提供一种用上述具有网状结构的原纤化纤维网制成的裂散纱的非织造耐气候织物。
本发明的第三个具体目的是提供制造原纤化纤维网和由这种原纤化纤维网制成的非织造织物的方法。
在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种原纤化耐气候纤维网,它具有网状结构,并由一种多层复合膜构成。该膜至少有两层,一层是由第一种热塑性树脂挤压出的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压出的第二层(Ⅱ),第二种树脂的熔点较第一种的低,并且含有至少300ppm的耐光剂。上述膜限定了在其纵向与横向方向上形成的许多狭缝(本发明中称之为狭缝),并且在拉伸比为1.1至15倍的范围内进行了定向,而且可以任选地在垂直于或斜交于定向轴方向上使其扩展,然后热定形。
在本发明的第二方面,还提供了一种具有网状结构的非织造原纤化耐气候织物,它的径线与纬线中的至少一种是以上述的原纤化耐气候纤维网构成。优选的非织造原纤化耐气候织物的实施例包括一种具有网状结构的非织造的原纤化耐气候织物,它由原纤化耐气候纤维网和一种与该原纤化耐气候纤维网按径/纬或纬/径关系层压的轧制或拉伸的带构成,其定向轴彼此交叉;还包括一种非织造的原纤化耐气候织物,它具有网状结构,由原纤化耐气候纤维网和至少另一种具有网状结构的原纤化耐气候纤维网构成,上述的另一种纤维网与原纤化耐气候纤维网为同一类型,所有这些原纤化耐气候纤维网都以其定向轴彼此交叉的方式进行层压。
在本发明的第三个方面,还提供了制造具有网状结构的原纤化耐气候纤维网的方法,包括构成一个至少含两层的多层复合膜,一层是由第一种热塑性树脂挤压出的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压出的第二层,第二种树脂的熔点较第一种低、并且含有有效数量的耐光剂;利用轧制或拉伸的方式对上述多层复合膜进行第一次定向,在轴向上的拉伸比为从1.1至8倍,然后进行第二次定向,沿轴向的拉伸比为5至15倍,以形成狭缝或将上述复合膜劈裂;任选地,可以将这样得到的膜沿垂直或斜交于其长度的方向上扩展,然后将这样扩展过的膜热定形。
在本发明的第四方面,还提供了一种制造具有网状结构的原纤化耐气候纤维网的方法,它包括构成一个至少含两层的多层复合膜,一层是由一种热塑性树脂挤压出的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压出的第二层(Ⅱ)。第二种树脂的熔点较第一种的低,且含有有效数量的耐光剂;轧制此复合膜,使膜在横向方向上的轧制比为从1.1至5倍;在横向上形成许多平行的狭缝;将得到的膜拉伸,横向拉伸比为2至10倍;任选地,可以将这样得到的膜沿垂直或斜交于其长度的方向扩展,然后将扩展过的膜热定形。
图1为按照本发明具有开口网状结构的原纤化纤维网的透视图;
图2为按图1绘制的纤维网的透视图;
图3与图2相似,表示按本发明的方法制造的另一类原纤化纤维网,所以纤维的宽度较图2中的原纤化纤维网的要小;
图4为具有上述网状结构的两个原纤化纤维网重叠成的非织造织物的平面图。
现在参看图1,(Ⅰ)代表一个高聚物层,(Ⅱ)表示熔点较低、且含有耐光剂的另一高聚物层。如图所示,原纤化纤维网是由至少两层高聚物(Ⅰ)与(Ⅱ)构成的层压结构。原纤化纤维网的轮廓以其整体透视图的形式示于图2。
在图4中,除一种纤维网之外,还图示了由层压纤维网构成的另一种类似的原纤化纤维网,它包括高聚物层(Ⅰ′)和高聚物层(Ⅱ′)。同样,(Ⅰ′)代表一种高聚物,而(Ⅱ′)代表熔点较低的另一种高聚物。
与本发明第一方面相应的具有网状结构的原纤化纤维网由至少为两层的复合膜构成,该膜则由构成第一热塑层(Ⅰ)的第一种热塑性树脂和熔点较低、并且事先加有至少一种耐光剂的第二种热塑性树脂、利用象多层充气薄膜挤塑法或多层T模挤塑法这样的挤塑工艺制成。
该薄膜是具有网状结构的原纤化耐气候纤维网。它已在纵向或横向经过拉伸,拉伸比为1.1-15倍,并限定了许多狭缝。它还在与其定向轴方向垂直或斜交的方向上被适当扩展,然后热定形。
更具体地说,根据本发明的原纤化纤维网可以大致分成具有网状结构的单轴拉伸原纤化纤维网与具有网状结构的双轴拉伸原纤化纤维网。前一种纤维网由在其轴向拉伸多层膜而形成的径线纤维网或沿其横向拉伸多层膜形成的纬线纤维网构成。后一种纤维网则是通过在轴向与横向两个方向拉伸多层膜而得到的。自机械强度等角度考虑,单轴拉伸的原纤化纤维网较为优越。
在网状结构的原纤化纤维网中,作为表面层的熔点较低的热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)含有添加剂,例如至少一种耐光剂,作为基底层的热塑性树脂层(Ⅰ)最好是晶态的,它完全不含这类添加剂。因此不仅有可能避免拉伸时发生切断、拉伸效果的降低和狭缝的有害扩展,而且也可能维持充分的耐光性。
对于多层复合膜中低熔点的热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)与热塑性树脂层(Ⅰ)的厚度比虽无特殊限制,但是当热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)作为粘合层使用时,低熔点的热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)的厚度应限制为热塑性树脂层(Ⅰ)的50%或更低,最好是40%以下。
低熔点的热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)在未拉伸的状态下其厚度通常均为5微米或更厚。虽然厚度即使为5微米左右已有有效的耐光性,但最好采用厚度范围为10至100微米,以使经济荷算、耐光性和诸如熔融粘接时的粘合强度之类的各种物理性质都可得到满足。
对于构成本发明中热塑性树脂层(Ⅰ)与热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)的树脂,没有特殊的限制,只要它们的熔点不同。但是,通常希望用结晶热塑性树脂作为构成热塑性树脂层(Ⅰ)的树脂。
具体实例包括聚烯烃,例如α-链烯(如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯-1和4-甲基戊烯-1)的均聚物,即密度从0.91至0.97克/立方厘米的低、中、高密度聚乙烯,以及α-链烯(如上述α-链烯和己烯-1)之间的共聚物;聚酰胺;聚酯;聚碳酸酯;聚乙烯醇;聚偏二氯乙烯;聚氯乙烯;皂化乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物等。
为制造方便起见,作为构成热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)的树脂,其熔点应比构成热塑性树脂层(Ⅰ)的树脂至少低5℃,最好是低10-50℃或更多。
若热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)用作粘合层使用,最好是用低密度聚乙烯,密度从0.86至0.94克/立方厘米的乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-马来酸或酯共聚物、它们的混合物、它们的不饱和羧酸改性高聚物等。
关于第一种与第二种热塑性树脂的具体搭配,当聚烯烃,例如象中或高密度聚乙烯、聚丁烯-1或聚-4-甲基戊烯-1之类的α-烯烃的均聚物或是象上述α-烯烃及己烯-1之类的α-烯烃的相互共聚物作为构成热塑性树脂(Ⅰ)的树脂使用时,构成热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)的树脂可以用低密度聚乙烯,密度从约0.86至0.94克/立方厘米的乙烯-α烯烃共聚物,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物,乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物等。另外,与聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇、皂化乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物等相配合,可以使用经不饱和羧酸改性的聚烯烃,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物等。
这里所用的“耐光剂”一词是指苯并***、苯酮衍生物、取代的丙烯腈、水杨酸、镍络合物及受阻胺型的紫外吸收剂与光稳定剂。
苯并***型的紫外吸收剂包括2-(2′-羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并***,2-(2′-羟基-5,5′-叔丁基苯基)苯并***,烷基化的羟基苯并***等。
苯酮衍生物型的紫外吸收剂包括2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯酮,2,4-二羟基苯酮,2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯酮,4-十二烷氧基-2-羟基苯酮等。
丙烯腈型的紫外吸收剂包括2-氰基-3,3′-二苯基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯,2-氰基-3,3′-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯等。
水杨酸型的紫外吸收剂包括水杨酸苯酯、水杨酸对-叔丁基苯酯,水杨酸对-辛基苯酯等。
镍络合物型的紫外吸收剂包括双[辛基苯基硫化]镍,[2,2′-硫代-双(4-叔辛基酚盐)]-正丁基胺镍等。
受阻胺型的光稳定剂包括[双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯]。
这些耐光剂之中,受阻胺型光稳定剂最佳。
耐光剂的用量取决于原纤化纤维网或非织造织物的使用场合、环境及目的等。必要的是加入有效数量的耐光剂。耐光剂的加入量,按在构成热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)的树脂中的比例计,一般至少为300ppm较好,最好是从300至10,000ppm。数量低于300ppm时耐光性能可能只维持短时间,甚至不显示耐光性。数量大于10,000ppm时可能会在较长时间内显示耐光性,但生产成本增加。因此耐光剂的使用比例不要超出上述范围。
其它添加剂,例如遮光剂、紫外屏蔽剂、颜料、染料等也可以在本发明中结合使用。将耐光剂与酚、磷、或硫型抗氧化剂结合使用,可以抑制遮光剂或颜料助长表面层光退化的作用,而且还对耐气候性能产生增效作用,因此最好是使用这种组合体系。
上述的酚型抗氧化剂包括受阻酚化合物,具体地说,有2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基酚),4,4′-亚丁基双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基酚),4,4′-硫代双(3-甲基-6-叔丁基酚),四[亚甲基3-(4′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯基)丙酸酯]甲烷,正十八烷基3-(4′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯基)丙酸酯,2,4-双辛基硫代-6-(4′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(4′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮,1,3,5-三(3′-羟基-2′,6′-二甲基-4′-叔丁基苯甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-三酮,1,3,5-三甲基-2,4,6-三(4′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基苯甲基)苯等。
作为磷型抗氧化剂的化合物可以提及亚磷酸酯、亚磷酸盐及磷菲。具体实例包括二(十八烷基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯,亚磷酸三(十八烷基)酯,亚磷酸三(壬基苯)酯,亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯)酯,9,10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷菲-10-氧化物,和四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)4,4′-亚联苯基二膦酸酯。
在实施本发明中可以使用的硫型抗氧化剂有硫醇与硫醚。具体实例包括3,3′-硫代二丙酸,二(十二烷基)3,3′-硫代丙酸酯,二(十八烷基)3,3′-硫代丙酸酯,季戊四醇基四(3-十二烷基硫代丙酸酯),和季戊四醇基四(3-十八烷基硫代丙酸酯)。
这些抗氧化剂的掺入量,按形成热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ)的树脂计,可以从300至10,000ppm。如果掺入量少于300ppm,其效果不能充分发挥,因此可能造成树脂退化,显色和胶凝等问题。另外,不会再产生与耐光剂的增效作用。另一方面,加入量超过10,000ppm不会产生更多的效果,但会造成经济上不合算,机械性能也可能变差。因此抗氧化剂的加入量最好不要超出上述范围。
遮光剂的典型实例是铝粉或类似物质。
虽然加了铝粉的薄膜能反射光线,对于作物等的保护和生长有效,但是一般都知道铝粉会加速树脂的光退化。
当这样一种遮光剂配合使用时,本发明能显示出最明显的效果。
这些抗氧化剂和紫外吸收剂可以单独使用或组合使用。尤其是最好将酚型抗氧化剂与磷型抗氧化剂组合使用,因为这能使本发明的效果大幅度提高。
与本发明的第二方面相应的非织造织物是一种具有网状结构的非织造原纤化织物,并且使用上述的网状结构的原纤化纤维网作为其径、纬成分之一。它是一种层压制品,以诸如长丝、长丝的组合物、纺粘长丝、绒头织物、单轴或双轴拉伸带或原纤化薄膜等作为基底材料,其中,最好是通过将原纤化纤维网与单轴拉伸带按径/纬关系使其定向轴彼此交叉地层压而得到的织物,或是将多个原纤化纤维网按其定向轴彼此交叉的方式层压而得的、具有网状结构的非织造原纤化织物。但是,根据所施用的场合,这些原纤化纤维网也可以按其定向轴无规排列或沿同一方向排列的方式层压。
作为粘合这些非织造织物的方法,可以用象热熔体之类的常规粘合剂或乳液型粘合剂、或是用熔融粘合法。特别是,当用高结晶度热塑性树脂作为基底层、低结晶度的热塑性树脂作为表面层而构成多层复合膜时,可以实现熔融粘合而不降低拉伸高结晶度热塑性树脂基底层所产生的效果。这样作的好处是能够连续制造高机械强度的非织造织物,特别是,方法简单而无需回收溶剂。
下面详细叙述网状结构原纤化纤维网的制造方法。
在根据本发明的原纤化纤维网之中,为制造一种具有网状结构并由径线纤维网构成的原纤化纤维网,可以根据多层吹塑薄膜挤出法或多层T膜挤塑法等挤压工艺构成一种至少有两层的薄膜,一种树脂构成膜中的热塑性树脂层(Ⅰ),另一树脂构成热塑性树脂层(Ⅱ),后一树脂的熔点较前一种的低,并且加有至少一种耐光剂;然后将薄膜沿轴向轧制和/或拉伸,使其进行第一次定向,拉伸比为1.1-8倍,5-7倍更好,然后按5-15倍、最好是6-10倍的拉伸比进行第二次定向,从而将膜劈裂。虽然膜已被加工成具有网状结构的原纤化纤维网,但是若有必要,还可将其适当扩展以扩大网状结构的开口,随后热定形成具有扩张后的网状结构的原纤化纤维网。
另一方面,具有网状结构并由纬线纤维网构成的原纤化纤维网可以制造如下:将上述多层复合膜按1.1-5倍、最好是1.5-2.0倍的轧制比沿横向轧制,在横向形成一些平行狭缝,然后按2-10倍、最好7-9倍的拉伸比将生成的膜拉伸。若有必要,同样可以将纬线纤维网沿垂直或斜交其轴的方向扩展,然后固定成网状结构的形式。
对于劈裂径线纤维网的方法没有特殊的限制。例如,可以用日本实用新案公报38979/1976中介绍的原纤化装置,使移动中的复合树脂膜与装置相接触,同时使装置转动。另一方面,在纬线纤维网的情形,最好是用特地嵌成Z形图案的热刀片与复合树脂膜相接触以形成狭缝[美国专利4,489,603(日本特许公报11757/1986)]。
如上面已提到的,根据本发明,网状结构的原纤化纤维网和网状结构的非织造原纤化纤维网,至少在挤压过的两层复合膜的表面层中都含有一种耐光剂以保持耐气候能力,而基底层的高结晶度热塑性树脂中则完全不加这种耐光剂。因此,拉伸的效果能保持在高水平。另外,机械性能和粘合能够长期维持,经济上也合算。
即使当配合使用紫外吸收剂和颜料一类的添加剂时,若是将原纤化耐气候纤维网和非织造的原纤化耐气候织物与所需的抗氧化剂一起使用,则仍有可能大大延长其使用时间。
此外,可以用熔融粘合法实现粘接,因此与将这类添加剂直接揉合到树脂中或用这些添加剂涂敷树脂膜的常规方法相比,对机械性能与溶剂的有害影响要小得多。将耐光剂这样的添加剂作为表面层的热塑性树脂中,而作为基底层的高结晶度热塑性树脂中则完全不加。于是有可能避免拉伸时发生切断、拉伸效果的降低和有害的狭缝扩展等问题。
另外,它们分别可以用简单工艺连续制造。本发明具有上述的多种优点。
根据本发明的具有网状结构的原纤化纤维网或具有网状结构的非织造原纤化织物适于在农业或园艺业、结构或建筑业中户外使用,或作为柔性容器之类的包装材料,它们或是直接使用、或与其它材料相粘合使用。
下面将用下列实例说明本发明。
实例1:
[所用的树脂]
高结晶度热塑性树脂:
高密度聚乙烯
[熔体流动速率=1.0克/10分;d=0.956克/立方厘米;商品名称“NISSEKI STAFLENE E710”;Nisseki Plastic Chemical Co.,Ltd.产品]
低结晶度热塑性树脂:
低密度聚乙烯
[熔体流动速率=3.0克/10分;d=0.924克/立方厘米;商品名称“NISSEKI REXLON F30”;Nisseki Petro chemical Co.,Ltd.产品]
[生产实例]
利用水冷多层吹塑薄膜挤出技术,将上述高密度聚乙烯(此后简称“HDPE”)挤压成内层,同时将加有1000ppm受阻胺型光稳定剂(商品名称“Chimassorb 944LD”;Ciba-GeigyAG的产品)、0.2%重量作为耐光剂的硬脂酸钙、和0.09%重量的抗氧化剂混合物(商品名称“Irganox 1010”与商品名称“Irgafos 168”的2∶1(份数)混合物,二者均为Ciba-Geigy AG的产品)的低密度聚乙烯(此后简称作“LDPE”)挤压在内层的两面,从而形成一个由三层复合结构组成的多层膜,其各层厚度比为15微米LDPE/100微米HDPE/15微米LDPE,宽度为1.5米。在令多层膜移动的同时,使其通过一个90至95℃的热浴并按6倍的拉伸比进行第一次拉伸,在100℃的热空气中按8倍的拉伸比进行第二次拉伸,然后与一个如日本实用新案公报38979/1976中描述的转动的原纤化装置相接触,以将膜劈裂,从而形成许多纵向狭缝,以得到具有Z形狭缝的原纤化纤维网(厚度比:5微米LDPE/35微米HDPE/5微米LDPE)。
随后将原纤化的纤维网扩展2.5倍以得到具有网状结构的扩展的原纤化纤维网。然后把各份扩展过的原纤化纤维网按径/纬关系层压,在120℃的粘合温度下熔融粘接,从而形成一个具有网状结构的非织造原纤化织物。随后测试它的耐气候能力。在试验中测量粘接强度、抗拉强度和拉伸度。结果示于表1。
实例2:
用与实例1相似的方法制造一个具有网状结构的非织造的原纤化耐气候织物并进行评价,只是耐光剂的比例增加到3,000ppm。结果示于表1。
实例3:
用与实例1相似的方法制造一个具有网状结构的非织造原纤化耐气候织物,只是耐光剂的比例增加到5,000ppm,随后进行评价,结果示于表1。
实例4:
将由40%重量的低密度聚乙烯、37.5%重量的铝粉(平均粒度4-5微米)和22.5%重量作为分散剂的聚乙烯蜡组成的母料按5%(重量)的比例掺加到实例2的低密度聚乙烯中。按与实例2相似的方法制成具有网状结构的非织造原纤化织物并进行评价。结果列在表1。
实例5:
将由40%重量的低密度聚乙烯、37.5%重量的铝粉(平均粒度:4-5微米)和22.5%重量作为分散剂的聚乙烯蜡组成的浓色体按5%(重量)的比例掺加到实例3中的低密度聚乙烯中。按与实例3相似的方式制成具有网状结构的非织造原纤化织物并进行评价。结果列在表1。
对比例1:
实例1中的低密度聚乙烯不加任何耐光剂,而是加入0.2%(重量)的硬脂酸钙和0.09%的抗氧化剂。按与实例1相似的方式制造并评价具有网状结构的非织造原纤化织物。结果示于表1。
对比例2:
按与实例1相似的方式制造具有网状结构的非织造原纤化耐气候织物,只是耐光剂的比例减少到200ppm,随后进行评价。结果示于表1。
对比例3:
将由40%(重量)低密度聚乙烯、37.5%重量铝粉(平均粒度:4-5微米)和22.5%重量的作为分散剂的聚乙烯蜡组成的母料按5%(重量)的比例掺加到对比例1中的低密度聚乙烯中。按与实例1相似的方式进行评价。结果列于表1。
附带说说,采用了以下试验方法。
1)耐气候性试验(老化测试机)条件:
JIS B7753-1977,只是喷雾时间改变成每60分钟喷12分钟。
2)粘接强度(千克):
使用一台“Tensilon”(商品名称;Shimadzu Corp.制造),将一个连接到Tensilon的负荷传感器上的J形构件朝下钩在试验件(200毫米长,150毫米宽)的中央部位。试验件的底部固定在Tensilon上。在500毫米/分的拉速和50毫米/分的记录纸速下,用试验件的网状结构绽裂时所指示的负荷振幅的平均值表示粘接强度。
3)抗拉强度(千克/5厘米)和拉伸度(%):
用一台低速拉伸张力试验机(Shopper型),试验机的上下夹具之间的距离固定在100毫米。试验件(200毫米长×50毫米宽)的两端分别紧定在夹具上,以200毫米/分的拉速拉试验件。当试验件断开时,记录当时的负载和拉伸度。
Claims (17)
1、一种原纤化耐气候网状结构纤维网,其中包括一种多层复合膜,该膜至少有两层,一层是由第一种热塑性树脂挤压出的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压出的第二层(Ⅱ),第二种树脂的熔点较第一种的低、并且含有至少300ppm的耐光剂,上述膜限定了在其纵向与横向方向上形成的一些狭缝,并且已在1.1至15倍的拉伸比范围内进行过定向,还已任选地在垂直或斜交于定向轴的方向上将膜扩展,并随后热定形。
2、权利要求1的纤维网,其中的多层复合膜为一种三层复合膜,它由第一层(Ⅰ)、第二层(Ⅱ)、和由上述第二种热塑性树脂挤压出的第三层(Ⅲ)构成,第二和第三层分别层压在热塑性树脂层(Ⅰ)的两面,第三层可以任选地含有或不含耐光剂。
3、权利要求1的纤维网,其中该纤维网是单轴定向的原纤化网状结构纤维网,它包括在轴向拉伸上述多层复合膜所形成的径线纤维网或在横向拉伸所述多层复合膜所形成的纬线纤维网;或者是通过在轴向与横向两个方向上拉伸所述多层复合膜而形成的双轴定向的原纤化网状结构纤维网。
4、权利要求1的纤维网,其中当第二层(Ⅱ)被用作粘合层时,该第二层(Ⅱ)的厚度为第一与第二层总厚度的50%或更小。
5、权利要求1的纤维网,其中第二层(Ⅱ)的厚度在未拉伸的状态处在10至100微米的范围。
6、权利要求1的纤维网,其中形成第一层(Ⅰ)的第一种热塑性树脂选自象乙烯、丙烯、丁烯-1和4-甲基戊烯-1这类α-链烯的均聚物、这些α-链烯的相互共聚物、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯醇、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、和皂化乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物。
7、权利要求1的纤维网,其中当第二层(Ⅱ)用作粘合层时,形成第二层(Ⅱ)的第二种热塑性树脂选自低密度聚乙烯、密度从0.86至0.94克/立方厘米的乙烯-α-链烯的共聚物、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物、乙烯-(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物、乙烯-马来酸和-马来酸酯共聚物、它们的混合物和不饱和羧酸改性过的它们的聚合物。
8、权利要求1的纤维网,其中形成第一层(Ⅰ)的第一种热塑性树脂与形成第二层(Ⅱ)的第二种热塑性树脂的熔点至少相差5℃。
9、权利要求1的纤维网,其中所述的耐光剂为苯并***、苯酮衍生物、取代丙烯腈、水杨酸、镍络合物或受阻胺型的紫外吸收剂或光稳定剂。
10、权利要求1的纤维网,其中耐光剂的用量按形成第二层(Ⅱ)的第二种热塑性树脂计为300至10,000ppm。
11、权利要求1的纤维网,其中该纤维网是通过将定向的多层复合膜沿垂直或斜交于所述定向轴的方向扩展、随后将这样扩展过的膜热定形而形成的一种扩展过的纤维网。
12、一种非织造原纤化耐气候网状结构织物,它包括原纤化的耐气候网状结构纤维网作为其径线与纬线中的至少一种,该纤维网由至少为两层的多层复合膜组成,一层为由第一种热塑性树脂挤压出的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压出的第二层(Ⅱ),第二种树脂的熔点较第一种的低、而且含有至少300ppm的耐光剂,该膜确定了在其纵向与横向形成的许多狭缝、并在1.1至15倍的拉伸比范围内进行过定向、还可任选地在垂直或斜交于定向轴的方向上扩展过,然后热定形。
13、权利要求12的非织造织物,它还包括与上述原纤化耐气候网状结构纤维网按径/纬或纬/径关系、以其定向轴彼此交叉的方式层压的、轧制的或拉伸的带。
14、权利要求12的非织造织物,还包含至少一种与上述原纤化耐气候网状结构纤维网同一类型的原纤化耐气候网状结构纤维网,所有这些原纤化耐气候网状结构纤维网均以其定向轴彼此交叉的方式进行层压。
15、一种制造原纤化耐气候网状结构纤维网的方法,包括构成一种至少有两层的多层复合膜,一层是由第一种热塑性树脂挤压成的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压成的第二层(Ⅱ),第二种树脂的熔点较第一种的低、而且含有有效数量的耐光剂;将该复合膜在1.1至8倍的拉伸比范围内沿轴向通过轧制和/或拉伸进行第一次定向,然后按5至15倍的拉伸比沿轴向进行第二次定向,以形成狭缝或使复合膜劈裂;任选地,可在垂直或斜交于膜长度的方向上将如此得到的膜扩展,随后将扩展过的膜热定形。
16、一种制造原纤化耐气候网状结构纤维网的方法,包括形成一个至少有两层的多层复合膜,一层是由第一种热塑性树脂挤压成的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压成的第二层(Ⅱ),第二种树脂的熔点较第一种的低、并且含有有效数量的耐光剂;在1.1至5倍的轧制比的范围内沿膜的横向将复合膜轧制;在横向上形成许多平行的狭缝;在2至10倍的拉伸比范围内沿横向将所得的膜拉伸;任选地,将这样得到的膜沿垂直或斜交于膜长的方向扩展,随后使扩展过的膜热定形。
17、一种制造非织造织物的方法,包括:
ⅰ)按径/纬关系将(A)一种径线纤维网与(B)一种纬线纤维网重叠,径线纤维网制备如下:构成一个多层复合膜,该膜至少有两层,一层是由第一种热塑性树脂挤压成的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压成的第二层(Ⅱ),第二种热塑性树脂的熔点较第一种的低、并且含有有效数量的耐光剂,在沿轴向1.1至8倍的拉伸比范围内通过轧制和/或拉伸对多层复合膜进行第一次定向,然后在沿轴向5至15倍的拉伸比下进行第二次定向,以形成狭缝或劈裂该复合膜,还可以任选地沿垂直或斜交于膜长度的方向将所得之膜扩展,随后将这样扩展过的膜热定形;纬线纤维网制备如下:构成一种至少为两层的多层复合膜,一层是由第一种热塑性树脂挤压成的第一层(Ⅰ),另一层是由第二种热塑性树脂挤压成的第二层(Ⅱ),第二种树脂的熔点较第一种的低,而且含有有效数量的耐光剂,沿膜的横向在1.1至5倍的轧制比范围内轧制该复合膜,在横向上形成一些平行的狭缝,按2至10倍的拉伸比范围沿横向拉伸所得的膜,还可以任选地沿垂直或斜交于膜长度的方向将所得的膜扩展,随后将这样扩展过的膜热定形;以及
ⅱ)将这样重叠的径线与纬线纤维网热压粘合,热压温度不高于第一种热塑性树脂的熔点,但至少要等于第二种热塑性树脂的熔点。
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CN92101652A CN1064440A (zh) | 1988-11-09 | 1992-03-10 | 网状原纤化耐气候纤维网、由其制成的非织造织物以及它们的生产工艺 |
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JP63281345A JPH07358B2 (ja) | 1988-11-09 | 1988-11-09 | 耐候性網状割膜・その不織布及びその製造方法 |
JP281345/88 | 1988-11-09 |
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CN92101652A Pending CN1064440A (zh) | 1988-11-09 | 1992-03-10 | 网状原纤化耐气候纤维网、由其制成的非织造织物以及它们的生产工艺 |
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CN (2) | CN1051039C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU605051B2 (zh) |
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1989
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- 1989-10-23 AU AU43612/89A patent/AU605051B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 1989-11-09 CN CN89108452A patent/CN1051039C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1992
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CN105050559A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-11 | 宝洁公司 | 用于形成带有非织造基底的吸收制品的方法 |
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AU4361289A (en) | 1990-05-17 |
CA2000889C (en) | 1998-02-24 |
EP0368516B1 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
DE68922579T2 (de) | 1996-02-15 |
CA2000889A1 (en) | 1990-05-09 |
EP0368516A2 (en) | 1990-05-16 |
NZ231162A (en) | 1991-12-23 |
US5032442A (en) | 1991-07-16 |
KR900008091A (ko) | 1990-06-02 |
EP0368516A3 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
CN1064440A (zh) | 1992-09-16 |
JPH07358B2 (ja) | 1995-01-11 |
AU605051B2 (en) | 1991-01-03 |
CN1051039C (zh) | 2000-04-05 |
JPH02128834A (ja) | 1990-05-17 |
DE68922579D1 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
KR910009487B1 (ko) | 1991-11-19 |
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