CN104244997A - 卫生用品 - Google Patents

卫生用品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104244997A
CN104244997A CN201380011454.2A CN201380011454A CN104244997A CN 104244997 A CN104244997 A CN 104244997A CN 201380011454 A CN201380011454 A CN 201380011454A CN 104244997 A CN104244997 A CN 104244997A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
man
cellulose fibers
hygienic article
quality
made cellulose
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Granted
Application number
CN201380011454.2A
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English (en)
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CN104244997B (zh
Inventor
S.拉巴兰
B.沙哈特纳
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Lenzing AG
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Chemiefaser Lenzing AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/45—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the shape
    • A61F13/47—Sanitary towels, incontinence pads or napkins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
    • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
    • A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
    • A61L15/28—Polysaccharides or their derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
    • A61F13/51113—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin comprising an additive, e.g. lotion or odour control
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    • A61F13/51121—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by the material
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
    • A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包含至少一层非织造布的卫生用品，其中非织造布层包含人造纤维素纤维，其中所述一层或多层具有等于或小于30％的返湿值和等于或小于6秒的液体穿透时间，其用于一次性卫生用品，如尿布、女性护垫和失禁用品或用于清洁和消毒的湿巾，如厕所湿巾、面部湿巾、化妆湿巾、婴儿湿巾和卫生湿巾。

Description

卫生用品
本发明涉及一种卫生用品，特别涉及其在湿巾和以一次性吸收性卫生用品，如女性护垫、失禁用品和婴儿尿布的顶片和采集/分配层的形式的用途。
湿巾是含有洗液的吸收性非织造织物，该洗液用于清洁或消毒皮肤或表面。这些用品类似于厕所湿巾、面部湿巾、化妆湿巾、婴儿湿巾和卫生湿巾。
吸收性卫生用品可构造为顶片、采集/分配层、吸收芯和背片。这些是含有吸收芯的三明治夹心结构，该吸收芯常常包含纤维化绒毛浆（fluff pulp）和超吸收聚合物（SAP）的共混物。顶片通常是一层主要为聚酯（PET）或聚丙烯（PP）的非织造布，或者是这两种材料的共混物。采集/分配层主要是由通过气流成网技术和空气粘合制造的绒毛浆和双组分纤维所制成。其设计为从顶片分配和转移液体到吸收芯，以减少皮肤的湿度和提高吸收芯的吸收能力。背片通常是由可透气的聚乙烯（PE）膜或可替代的非织造布/膜复合材料形成。它可以防止湿气转移到衣服上。该用品通过背片上的胶带固定到内衣上，胶带在使用之前通过剥离纸来保护。该用品设计用于提供舒适性、保护皮肤和减少异味。
根据欧洲非织造布协会（EDANA），吸收性卫生用品，如婴儿尿布、失禁用品和女性护垫都已成为现代日常生活的基本特征。良好的皮肤健康和卫生会影响幸福感，工作能力和舒适性。在过去的二十年中，吸收性卫生用品已通过采用创新的顶片材料使液体迅速渗透到下层从而降低皮肤湿度，有助于改善皮肤的健康和卫生。
目前在吸收性卫生用品中使用的顶片主要是由合成材料，如聚丙烯（PP）纺粘、聚酯（PET）和双组分纤维所制造，以实现低液体穿透时间（流入时间(inlet time)）和低返湿值从而降低皮肤湿度。
采集/分配层主要由通过气流成网技术和通过空气粘合制造的绒毛浆和双组分纤维制造。
由于生态因素，纤维素纤维，特别是人造纤维素纤维，继续取得重要地位，而且存在对由纤维素纤维制成的非织造织物的需求，其在吸收性卫生用品中显示出低液体穿透时间、低返湿值和改善的液体管理性能。
在美国专利US 2009/0131909中提到，用疏水剂处理过的纤维素纤维适合制成顶片。该文献没有提到顶片的返湿和液体穿透性能，特别是由人造纤维素纤维制成的顶片。
本发明的目的是提供一种卫生用品，其使液体能够迅速穿透而不会使卫生用品的表面润湿，这有助于保持良好的皮肤健康（干燥感）。
本发明的卫生用品包含至少一层非织造布，其中该非织造布层包含人造纤维素纤维，其中所述一层或多层具有等于或小于30％的返湿值和等于或小于6秒的液体穿透时间。
由具有低含量的疏水剂的疏水性人造纤维素纤维单独制成的单层非织造布显示出低流入时间，但增加了返湿值。
令人惊奇的是，现已发现将润湿剂加入到疏水剂含量高的层中改善了液体穿透（流入时间）性能。润湿剂降低了层中疏水性纤维的的表面张力，这使得该层湿透和流体穿过。这样的一层非织造制品尤其适合用于顶片和湿巾。
由一层非织造织物组成的卫生用品显示出低流入时间，其中非织造织物包含人造纤维素纤维和疏水性人造纤维素纤维的共混物，且非织造布是用润湿剂处理过的。
该卫生用品优选地包含75-90质量％的疏水性人造纤维素纤维和25-10质量％的人造纤维素纤维的共混物，条件是非织造织物的总量为100质量％。
单层或首层的非织造布优选地是多孔的。
人造纤维素纤维本身是亲水性的。为了产生疏水性人造纤维素纤维要用疏水剂处理普通纤维。优选的疏水剂是烷基乙烯酮二聚物（AKD），疏水性纤维含有其量为0.005-0.5质量％的疏水剂，优选为0.01-0.1质量％。其它合适的疏水剂是DACC（二-烷基-氨基甲酰基氯化物）或硬脂酸酰胺，如购自Zschimmer & Schwarz公司的Leristan HE I/42。
本发明通过下述实施例来说明。
测试方法
流入时间
流入时间测试是强生公司的US 2007/0219517中概述方法的修改版：
对顶片的样品进行切割并夹紧在吸收芯上。所用的吸收芯是一次性吸收性用品常用的一种典型的吸液性材料。在本发明中所用的芯的吸收材料包含亲水性纤维，如纤维素纤维（绒毛浆，人造丝）和超吸收性产品，如丙烯酸钠-丙烯酸聚合物。
测试液为49.50％的0.9％(w/w)氯化钠溶液和49.05％甘油，1.00％苯氧基乙醇和0.45％氯化钠的混合物。
少量的蓝色颜料也加入到测试液，以便易于在测试中观察到液体分布。从3厘米高处使4.0毫升测试液移液到顶片上。记录从液体最初释放到所有液体穿透或进入顶片那一刻的时间。移液该4.0毫升液体的时间大约为3.6秒。
返湿量
在评价过程中所用的主要返湿测试是在US 2007/0219517中概述方法的修改版：
在流入时间试验完成后5分钟（±10秒），将十张直径为7厘米的Whatman 41滤纸堆叠进行称重并置于流入时间测试的测试区域中心处。在滤纸上施加4.14千帕压强持续5分钟（±10秒）。然后取出滤纸并再次称重来计算返湿值。
用于顶片的非织造织物的制造
将平行铺置纤维网进行梳理和水力缠结，平均织物重量为30 克每平方米。所有织物经水力缠结在具有大约14％的开孔区域和平均孔径尺寸大约为2.4平方毫米的中等孔径尺寸带上。
实施例1（对比）
在不同的疏水剂AKD 452 N（AKD 452 N是购自Kemira公司的烷基乙烯酮二聚物配方）含量下，由1.7分特的亚光疏水性粘胶制造成30 克每平方米的经过梳理、水力缠结和多孔（中等网格尺寸）的非织造织物。疏水性粘胶和人造纤维素纤维的共混物也进行了测试。根据上述测试方法测试顶片的流入时间和返湿值。
表1显示进行了低浓度疏水性处理的粘胶纤维（样品1.3、1.4）与作为参比的聚酯（样品1.1）有大约相同的流入时间值，但对于该应用返湿值高于期望值。纤维中的疏水剂浓度较高时，流入时间超出了范围（样品1.5）。同样超出了范围的是疏水性人造纤维素纤维和人造纤维素纤维的共混物，其中疏水性人造纤维素纤维的比例高于25％（样品1.6和1.7）。25％疏水性人造纤维素纤维与人造纤维素纤维的共混物显示出足够的性能（样品1.8）。
表1
样品 多孔非织造织物 流入时间（秒） 返湿值（％）
1.1 聚酯（PET）（对比） 4.0 7
1.2 粘胶纤维（对比） 5.0 64
1.3 在0.005％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶纤维 4.4 51
1.4 90％在0.01％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶纤维+10％天丝 4.8 47
1.5 在0.05％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶纤维 >20 不可测定
1.6 75％在0.1％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶纤维+25％粘胶纤维 >60 不可测定
1.7 75％在0.1％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶纤维+25％天丝 >60 不可测定
1.8 25％在0.1％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶纤维+75％天丝 6 30
实施例2
为了改善疏水性织物的润湿性，降低流入时间和返湿值，在0.1％ AKD 452N浓度下1.7分特的亚光疏水性粘胶制造的非织造织物用购自BASF公司的润湿剂（Plantacare 810 UP）进行额外处理。
用蒸馏水配制润湿剂“Plantacare 810 UP”（50％活性物质）的1.0％溶液，用30％的柠檬酸溶液将pH校正到5。使用细雾压缩空气喷雾器以顶片的1重量％的活性湿润剂含量将该溶液施用到特定顶片的上表面。在测试前使样品在环境条件下干燥过夜。根据上述试验方法测试各织物的流入时间和返湿值。
可以看出，由75％在0.1％ AKD 452N浓度下的疏水性粘胶与25％粘胶纤维的共混物（样品1.6）或与25％天丝纤维的共混物（样品1.7）制成的非织造织物用1％的润湿剂“Plantacare 810 UP”进行额外处理后具有显著减少的顶片的流入时间和返湿值（样品2.1和2.2）。
表2
样品 组成 流入时间（秒） 返湿值（％）
2.1 75％在0.1％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶+25％粘胶+润湿剂 4.9 30
2.2 75％在0.1％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶+25％天丝+润湿剂 5 30
这些纤维和织物可用于不同的应用，如在湿巾中，来实现改善的柔软性以及改善的润湿性和洗液管理，这些对于最终用户是有益的。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种非织造布层作为采集/分配层，其显著降低了与顶片结合的流入时间和返湿值。
令人惊奇的是，现已发现当顶片与第二层包含了人造纤维素纤维的热粘合非织造织物结合时，顶片的流入时间和返湿性能可以得到显著改善。
本发明的卫生用品包含两层非织造织物，并且其特征在于第一层包含合成纤维或疏水性人造纤维素纤维和第二层包含人造纤维素纤维。
所述第一层由100％的疏水性人造纤维素纤维组成或由75-99.5质量％的疏水性人造纤维素纤维和0.5-25质量％的人造纤维素纤维的共混物组成，条件是总量为100质量％。第一层也可以是合成纤维，如聚酯。
在一个优选的实施方案中，第二层由人造纤维素纤维的热粘合非织造布和热塑性材料所组成，其中热粘合非织造布由50-90质量％的人造纤维素纤维和50-10质量％的热塑性纤维所组成，条件是总量为100质量％。
适合作为热粘合非织造布的是具有异形横截面的人造纤维素纤维，例如多叶形、不规则、三角形和空心截面。
用于热粘合非织造布的优选人造纤维素纤维是三叶形的人造纤维素纤维。这种纤维可购自兰精公司（Lenzing AG），其商标为“Viscostar”。此纤维的纤度为1.3-6.7分特，优选为3-4分特。用于热粘合非织造布的另一种优选人造纤维素纤维是莱赛尔（lyocell）纤维。莱赛尔纤维的纤度为0.9-9分特，优选为3.3-6.7分特。莱赛尔纤维可购自兰精公司，其商标为“天丝（Tencel）”。两种纤维类型的短纤维长度为4-90毫米，优选为10-60毫米。
优选的热塑性纤维是双组分纤维，例如芯鞘型PET/CoPET双组分纤维，芯鞘型PET/PE双组分纤维或芯鞘型PE/PP双组分纤维。
该层是通过气流成网，干法成网或湿法成网这些工艺分别制成的非织造布。所有的粘合工艺都可行。所述非织造布是针刺、水力缠结、热粘合或化学粘合的非织造布。
优选的非织造布纤维网是由“莱赛尔纤维熔喷工艺”所制造的，如WO 2007/124522中所公开的，其中非织造布纤维网是通过采用在N-甲基-吗啉-N-氧化物（“NMMO”）中的纤维素溶液的熔喷工艺直接生产的。
该非织造布具有5-100克每平方米的每单位面积重量，优选为10-40 克每平方米。
实施例3
通过热粘合工艺（通过空气粘合），由不同纤维类型及其共混物制造30克每平方米的非织造织物，用于采集/分配层（ADL）中。
制成平行铺置纤维网，并且将压缩纤维网在150°C下加热2分钟来热粘合该织物。平均织物面密度大约为30 克每平方米。所制造和测试的热粘合ADL层为：
·  70％“Viscostar”三叶形粘胶（3.3分特）和30％双组分粘合纤维（4分特，50：50同心鞘芯型聚乙烯-聚丙烯）的共混物，用于样品3.1、3.3、3.5和3.7中。
·  70％天丝3.3分特和30％双组分粘合纤维（4分特，50：50同心鞘芯型聚乙烯-聚丙烯）的共混物，用于样品3.6和3.8中。
对于这些试验，三种不同的30克每平方米的多孔织物用于顶片。使用典型的吸收芯，并将ADL非织造织物（30克每平方米）放置在顶片和吸收芯之间。根据下面描述的测试方法测试流入时间和返湿值。这些试验的结果列于表3。
ADL层的初步测试
用于评估ADL的流入-返湿测试方法是在US 2007/0219517中概述方法的进一步修改版。将顶片、ADL和芯材料的样品切割成一定尺寸并称重。
组件被放置在彼此的顶部-顶片在最上面，ADL在中间和芯在底部，然后将其夹在测试台上。
流入时间如前测量，即将4.0毫升标准测试液从3厘米高处移液到顶片。记录从液体最初释放到所有的液体穿过或进入顶片的那一刻的时间。
返湿值的测量也如前所示，使用一叠十张直径为7厘米的Whatman 41滤纸。然而，在该测试完成后要立即拆分测试样品，并且三种组分也需要称重来计算液体穿过样品后的分布情况。无ADL层的样品进行测试作为对比。
表3
样品 顶片（第一层） ADL（第二层） 流入时间（秒） 返湿值（％）
3.1 90％疏水性粘胶纤维+10％天丝（样品1.4） 70％三叶形粘胶纤维 3.3分特+30％双组分纤维（热粘合） 4.3 20
3.2 90％疏水性粘胶纤维+10％天丝（样品1.4） 无ADL（对比） 4.8 47
3.3 疏水性粘胶纤维（样品1.5） 70％三叶形粘胶纤维 3.3分特+30％双组分纤维（热粘合） 4.3 < 1.5
3.4 疏水性粘胶纤维（样品1.5） 无ADL（对比） >20 不可测定
3.5 在0.01％AKD浓度下的疏水性粘胶纤维 70％三叶形粘胶纤维 3.3分特+30％双组分纤维（热粘合） 4.6 29
3.6 疏水性粘胶纤维（样品1.5） 70％天丝 3.3分特+30％双组分纤维（热粘合） 4.0 < 1.5
3.7 聚酯 70％三叶形粘胶纤维 3.3分特+30％双组分纤维（热粘合） 4.0 < 1.0
3.8 聚酯 70％天丝 3.3分特+30％双组分纤维（热粘合） 4.0 < 1.0
可以看出，由70％三叶形粘胶或70％莱赛尔纤维（天丝）与30％双组分纤维的共混物制造，并通过梳理和热粘合加工的非织造织物，如果将其与疏水性人造纤维素纤维制造的顶片和与聚酯顶片（样品3.7和3.8）相结合用作采集/分配层，则能够显著提高吸收垫的返湿性能。
本发明的非织造织物用于一次性卫生用品，如尿布、女性护垫和失禁用品。卫生用品包含一层非织造织物（单层非织造布），该非织造织物包含人造纤维素纤维和疏水性人造纤维素纤维的共混物，并且该非织造布用润湿剂处理，尤其适合用作湿巾。

Claims (18)

1.一种包含至少一层非织造布的卫生用品，其中所述非织造布层包含人造纤维素纤维，其特征在于：所述一层或多层具有等于或小于30％的返湿值和等于或小于6秒的液体穿透时间。
2.根据权利要求1的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述用品包含一层非织造织物，该非织造织物包含人造纤维素纤维和疏水性人造纤维素纤维的共混物和该非织造织物用润湿剂处理。
3.根据权利要求1或2的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述非织造织物包含75-90质量％的疏水性人造纤维素纤维和25-10质量％的人造纤维素纤维的共混物，条件是非织造织物的总量为100质量％。
4.根据权利要求1的卫生用品，其包含两层非织造织物，其特征在于：第一层包含合成纤维或疏水性人造纤维素纤维和第二层包含人造纤维素纤维。
5.根据权利要求1-4的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述一层或第一层，分别是气流成网、干法成网或湿法成网的非织造布。
6.根据权利要求1-5的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述非织造布是针刺、水力缠结、热粘合或化学粘合的非织造布或通过采用在N-甲基-吗啉-N-氧化物（“NMMO”）中的纤维素溶液的熔喷工艺直接生产的非织造网。
7.根据权利要求4的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述第一层由100％的疏水性人造纤维素纤维组成。
8.根据权利要求4的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述第一层是由75-99.5质量％的疏水性人造纤维素纤维和0.5-25质量％的人造纤维素纤维的共混物所组成，条件是总量为100质量％。
9.根据权利要求4或6的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述第二层由人造纤维素纤维和热塑性材料的热粘合非织造布组成。
10.根据权利要求9的卫生用品，其特征在于：热粘合非织造布由50-90质量％的人造纤维素纤维和50-10质量％的热塑性纤维组成，条件是总量为100质量％。
11.根据权利要求9至10的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述人造纤维素纤维具有异形横截面，如多叶形、不规则形、三角形和中空，优选的是三叶形人造纤维素纤维。
12.根据权利要求9-10的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述人造纤维素纤维是莱赛尔纤维。
13.根据权利要求9-10的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述热塑性纤维是双组分纤维。
14.根据权利要求1-8的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述疏水性人造纤维素纤维用疏水剂处理。
15.根据权利要求1-8的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述疏水剂是烷基乙烯酮二聚物。
16.根据权利要求1-8的卫生用品，其特征在于：所述疏水性纤维含有用量为0.005-0.5质量％的疏水剂，优选用量为0.01-0.1质量％。
17.根据在先权利要求中任意一项的非织造织物在一次性卫生用品，如尿布、女性护垫和失禁用品中的用途。
18.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项的非织造织物在用于清洁和消毒的湿巾，如厕所湿巾、面部湿巾、化妆湿巾、婴儿湿巾和卫生湿巾中的用途。
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