CN104211138B - A method of membrane electrode is prepared based on carbon nanotube and its removal organic polluter is removed in electrolysis - Google Patents
A method of membrane electrode is prepared based on carbon nanotube and its removal organic polluter is removed in electrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN104211138B CN104211138B CN201310208195.4A CN201310208195A CN104211138B CN 104211138 B CN104211138 B CN 104211138B CN 201310208195 A CN201310208195 A CN 201310208195A CN 104211138 B CN104211138 B CN 104211138B
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Abstract
Method of the membrane electrode for organic pollutant Electrocatalysis Degradation is prepared based on carbon nanotube the present invention relates to a kind of, is essentially characterized in that, in conjunction with filter membrane and electro-catalysis technology, catalytic degradation flows through the organic pollutant of fenestra while filtering.The present invention pre-processes carbon nanotube first, and its is evenly dispersed in organic solvent, then by vacuum filtration, cleaning and etc. be made carbon nano-tube film;Then by the assembly of this carbon nano-tube film in the filtering type reactor for being coupled with yin-yang the two poles of the earth power supply system, and DC power supply is connected, and sewage is pressed through into membrane electrode by pumping.Carbon nanotube membrane electrode has big a specific surface area and nanoscale gap, and for pollutant while flowing through the nanoscale hole between carbon nanotube and being filtered, the electric field that is loaded in every carbon nanotube can effectively degradable organic pollutant.The bigger serface that the present invention effectively improves mass-transfer efficiency, takes full advantage of carbon nano-tube film, finally under the operation voltage far below conventional two-dimensional parallel plate electrode, efficient low-consume ground catalytic degradation organic pollutant.The technology can be widely used for waste water from dyestuff, phenol wastewater.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods for preparing membrane electrode based on carbon nanotube, and it is organic that the membrane electrode is used for Electrocatalysis Degradation
Pollutant is a kind of environmental protection technology for combining film filtering and electro-catalysis.
Background technique
For a long time, for the miscellaneous organic wastewater with difficult degradation thereby in China, still lack the improvement of economical and efficient on the whole
Technology, these waste water are often unprocessed or environment is only directly discharged into after simple process, polluted we depend on for existence it is natural
Water body compromises human health.In face of this challenge, it would be highly desirable to develop new material, new technology and new process and for wastewater treatment
In field, this have become that developing national economy preserves the ecological environment there is an urgent need to.
Electrocatalysis Degradation organic pollutant has the development course of decades, is not a new technology.It is not required to outer
Add and run under chemical oxidizing agent, without secondary pollution, equipment is simple, controllability is good and normal temperature and pressure etc., therefore is led in sewage treatment
Domain is concerned.But for a long time due to being limited by reactor mass-transfer efficiency, electrode material and electrode side reaction etc., electrocatalytic oxidation
Energy consumption is high for change method degradable organic pollutant, operating cost is high, thus this method also fail to play its at present it is due potential
Advantage and processing effect, need reduces energy consumption at present is possible to large-scale application into treatment of Organic Wastewater field.For this purpose, hair
It opens up novel reactor and improves electrode material and be important one of approach.
Carbon nanotube (CNT) is as a kind of with high intensity, bigger serface, excellent mechanical property, good conduction
The new material of ability and electro-chemical activity, since last century, the nineties were found, huge potential using value is obtained
Extensive concern is arrived.Only 2011, more than 24000 piece of article relevant to carbon nanotube, granted patent more than 2000 were delivered in the whole world
Example, application and theoretical research in relation to it are concentrated mainly on composite material, Characteristic Adsorption separation material, catalyst carrier, hydrogen
The fields such as storage, battery, supercapacitor, electronic device, sensor and microscope probe, and obtained many impressive progresses.
And carbon nanotube is passed through into regulation appropriate and functionalization, it is applied in electrolysis organic wastewater as novel electrode, it would be possible to
Different chemical properties is showed, finds that carbon nanotube soon, that is, has using carbon nanotube as electrode degrading later since 1991
The report of organic wastewater, the research subsequently for the technology are brought rapidly up.But previous research is mostly to pass through carbon nanotube
The methods of sol-gel, hydro-thermal, electro-deposition are supported on matrix, and if being made in titanium plate, what is utilized is the outer of carbon nanotube
Wall performance.And correspondingly, reactor also uses traditional electrolytic cell, i.e. two-dimensional parallel plate electrode system.Obviously in the system
In, pollutant is only to flow through electrode surface, is limited by diffusivity, it is not easy to reach inside porous carbon nanotube electrode,
Lead to the practical small, low efficiency using area of porous electrode in traditional electrolyte pond.And it is electricity that pollutant, which is transmitted to electrode surface,
The premise and basis of chemical degradation, improving mass transfer condition has apparent effect to electrochemical treatments efficiency reduction energy consumption is improved.If
The waste water containing pollutant can be allowed directly through porous carbon nano-tube film electrode, flow through electricity rather than just in traditional electrolyte pond
Pole surface, this distance that will be can be shortened pollutant and be diffused into electrode surface reduce the thickness of liquid film of electrode surface quiescent layer, finally
It will can greatly improve mass-transfer efficiency and the practical of porous carbon nano-tube film utilizes area.Therefore preparation carbon nanotube perforated membrane,
It is assemblied in plate filter, and is used for Electrocatalysis Degradation organic wastewater, will be the striving direction of the invention.
Summary of the invention
Design of the present invention prepares a kind of electro-catalysis membrane based on carbon nanotube, and about 6~280 μm of film integral thickness, carbon nanometer
Hole between pipe is 50~100nm, specific surface area about 100~800m2/ g (see Figure of description 1).Organic pollutant is received in carbon
Residence time 0.1-10 second in mitron film, much larger than pollutant, (50~100nm) expands in carbon nanotube grade gap
It is scattered to the time (2.14 μ s) of carbon nano tube surface.Then the carbon nano-tube film is assembled on the device for being similar to plate-frame filtering
As anode, and titanacycle is pressed and connects power supply as binding post over the carbon nanotube film, in addition with porous stainless steel plate or separately
One carbon nano-tube film thus constitutes entire electrode system as cathode;Then it is thrown by peristaltic pump with certain flow velocity
Add sewage, the waste water containing organic pollutant is received by the nanoscale gap of carbon nano-tube film, the every carbon for being loaded electric field
Mitron is considered as a nanometer micro-electrode, adsorbs and is electrolysed organic pollutant (see Figure of description 2), such high dispersive,
The carbon nano-tube film of bigger serface can effectively degradable organic pollutant.
The preparation process of carbon nano-tube film is summarized as follows:
(1) selection of carbon nanotube: multi wall or single-walled carbon nanotube;Outer tube diameter (5-50nm);Content of ashes (1-10%);
Surface functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl etc.).
(2) pre-process -- calcining: in order to remove the amorphous carbon in CNT and other carbon-containing impurities, first CNT is set in experiment
It is calcined in tube furnace, since room temperature, is warming up to 300~400 DEG C with the speed program of 1~20 DEG C/min, and 300~
30~120min is persistently calcined at 400 DEG C, then naturally cools to room temperature;
(3) pre-process -- pickling: further to remove the metal oxide and other impurities in carbon nanotube, to calcining
Carbon nanotube further progress acidification afterwards.Specific method is: carbon nanotube being set in a round bottom flask, concentration, which is added, is
15%~37% hydrochloric acid (or 35%~70% nitric acid, the mixing of 45~98% sulfuric acid or these sour different proportions
Object), reflux 5 at 50~90 DEG C~for 24 hours;After heating is completed, sample is allowed to be cooled to room temperature, will then be filtered by vacuum after being acidified
Carbon nanotube filter in the PTFE film in aperture, then clean suctions filtration with deionized water, pH weakly acidic pH is discharged after filtering is
Only;Finally the carbon nanotube after cleaning is collected, is placed in air dry oven that kept dry is spare at 60 DEG C.
(4) it forms a film: carbon nanotube being dispersed in DMSO (or DMF, NMP, ethyl alcohol, hexane, first by Ultrasound Instrument first
Benzene) single or arbitrary proportion in the mixed solvent, carbon nanotube is then coated in by the filter membranes such as PTFE by vacuum filtration
On, it is then successively filtered, is taken out after cleaning completely, and certain with dehydrated alcohol, dehydrated alcohol/water, deionized water elution
Pressure pushes 1~60min of film, finally obtains carbon nanotube membrane electrode;Density is about 0.2~10mg/cm2, thickness about 6~
280 μm, the hole between carbon nanotube is 50~100nm, specific surface area about 100~800m2/g。
(5) building and application of electrochemical reactor: and then carbon nano-tube film assembly is being similar to plate-frame filtering
It is used as anode on device, and titanacycle is pressed and connects power supply as binding post over the carbon nanotube film, in addition with porous stainless steel
Plate or another carbon nano-tube film thus constitute entire electrode system as cathode, additionally include rubber ring gasket, rise
Sealing function;Titanacycle mainly plays electric action, connects cathode and anode and external circuit, and constitute circuit.Then pass through peristaltic pump
Sewage is added with certain flow velocity, the every carbon nanotube for being loaded electric field is considered as a nanometer micro-electrode, absorption
And it is electrolysed organic pollutant.
Detailed description of the invention
The material object and SEM of Fig. 1 carbon nanotube membrane electrode are schemed
It is to be dispersed in carbon nanotube in DMSO equal solvent by high-energy ultrasonic instrument in example, is then taken out by vacuum
Carbon nanotube is coated on the filter membranes such as PTFE by filter, obtains carbon nano-tube film, i.e., usually said " Buckie paper ".Film is whole thick
About 50 μm of degree, the hole between carbon nanotube are 50~100nm, specific surface area about 100~800m2/g。
Fig. 2 carbon nanotube membrane electrode uses schematic diagram
Then the carbon nano-tube film is assembled and is used as anode on the device for being similar to plate-frame filtering, and titanacycle is pressed on
Power supply is connected as binding post on carbon nano-tube film, in addition using porous stainless steel plate or another carbon nano-tube film as cathode,
Thus constitute entire electrode system;Then sewage is added with certain flow velocity by peristaltic pump, forces and contains pollutant
For waste water by the nanoscale gap of carbon nano-tube film, it is micro- that the every carbon nanotube for being loaded electric field is considered as a nanometer
Electrode.
The intuitive schematic diagram and removal efficiency of Fig. 3 carbon nano-tube film electrode degrading methyl orange
For the performance for being visually observed that carbon nano-tube film electrode catalyst degradation of contaminant, we select methyl orange to make first
For simulating pollution object, related experiment is carried out.In not powered pressure, methyl orange solution is worn because of adsorption saturation after twenty minutes for operation
Permeable membrane electrode, visible water outlet has been in yellow from the following figure;And when improving voltage to 3V, methyl orange can almost be gone
It removes, water outlet has been in colourless.
Specific embodiment
Implement example 1.
Selecting 5g outer diameter is that the multi-walled carbon nanotube of 17nm is put into tube furnace, since room temperature, with the speed journey of 5 DEG C/min
Sequence is warming up to 400 DEG C, and persistently calcines 60min at 400 DEG C, then naturally cools to room temperature;Then take 1g be put into containing
It in the hydrochloric acid flask of 500mL37%, flows back and is flowed back for 24 hours for 24 hours at 70 DEG C, sample is cooled to room temperature, and being then filtered by vacuum will be sour
In the PTFE film that it is 5 μm to aperture that carbon nanotube after change, which is filtered, suction filtration then is cleaned with deionized water, is discharged pH after filter
Until weakly acidic pH;Carbon nanotube after taking 15mg to be acidified in DMSO, then passes through vacuum filtration for carbon nanometer through ultrasonic disperse
Pipe is coated on the filter membranes such as PTFE, is then successively taken out with dehydrated alcohol, dehydrated alcohol-water (V/V=1:1), deionized water elution
Filter, after taking-up, suppresses 15min under pressure, finally obtains the carbon nanotube membrane electrode prepared.
It regard carbon nano-tube film assembly as anode on the device for being similar to plate-frame filtering, stainless steel is as cathode;And
With the methyl orange (MO) of 1mM for simulating pollution object, the sodium sulphate of 10mM is electrolyte, is passed through peristaltic pump (flow velocity 1.5mL/min)
Above-mentioned solution is squeezed into reactor;Be also turned on power supply, in the case where voltage 2V and 3V, the removal rate of MO be respectively 74% and
95%.
Implement example 2.
The preparation method of carbon nanotube membrane electrode is same as above.
And using the phenol of 1mM as simulating pollution object, the sodium sulphate of 10mM is electrolyte, passes through peristaltic pump (flow velocity 1.5mL/
Min) above-mentioned solution is squeezed into reactor;Under 3V voltage, the removal rate 81% of phenol, TOC removal rate 69%.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of prepare method of the membrane electrode for organic pollutant Electrocatalysis Degradation based on carbon nanotube, its feature is as follows: first
First pass through pre-treatment and activation carbon nanotube, and it is evenly dispersed in organic solvent, then carbon is made by vacuum filtration, cleaning step
Nanotube films, then by the assembly of this carbon nano-tube film in the filtering type reactor for being coupled with yin-yang the two poles of the earth power supply system, and even
DC power supply is connect, and sewage is pressed through into membrane electrode by pumping, pollutant flows through what the nanoscale hole between carbon nanotube was filtered
Meanwhile the electric field being loaded in every carbon nanotube can effectively degradable organic pollutant, the wherein spy of filtering type reactor
Sign includes: to regard carbon nano-tube film assembly as anode on the device of plate-frame filtering, and titanacycle is pressed on carbon nano-tube film
It is upper that binding post is used as to connect power supply;Using porous stainless steel plate or another carbon nano-tube film as cathode, entire electrode system is constituted
System;Rubber ring gasket is additionally included, is sealed;Titanacycle mainly plays electric action, connects cathode and anode and external circuit,
And constitute circuit.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, its pretreatment and preferred feature are as follows: being original with multi wall or single-walled carbon nanotube
Material, outer tube diameter is between 5~50nm, and ash content mass content is between 1~10%;Surface functional groups hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl is wherein
One or more.
3. feature is as follows: according to the method described in claim 1, its pretreatment includes calcining in order to remove in carbon nanotube
Amorphous carbon and other carbon-containing impurities, carbon nanotube is placed in tube furnace and is calcined, since room temperature, with 1~20 DEG C/min's
Speed program is warming up to 300~400 DEG C, and persistently calcines 30~120min at 300~400 DEG C, then naturally cools to room
Temperature.
4. feature is as follows: according to the method described in claim 1, its pretreatment includes pickling further to remove carbon nanotube
On metal oxide and other impurities, to the carbon nanotube further progress acidification after calcining;Specific features are as follows: will
Carbon nanotube set be added in a round bottom flask hydrochloric acid that concentration is 15%~37% or 35%~70% nitric acid or 45~
The mixture of 98% sulfuric acid or these sour different proportions, reflux 5 at 50~90 DEG C~for 24 hours;After heating is completed, sample is allowed
Product are cooled to room temperature, and are then filtered by vacuum and filter carbon nanotube after acidification onto the PTFE film in aperture, then spend from
Sub- water cleaning filters, until pH weakly acidic pH is discharged after filter.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, its feature for preparing carbon nano-tube film includes: first by carbon nanotube by super
Sound instrument is dispersed in single or arbitrary proportion the in the mixed solvent of DMSO or DMF, NMP, ethyl alcohol, hexane, toluene, then
Carbon nanotube is coated on PTFE filter membrane by vacuum filtration, then successively uses dehydrated alcohol, dehydrated alcohol/water, deionization
Water elution filters, and takes out after cleaning completely, and suppress 1~60min of film under pressure, finally obtains carbon nano-tube film electricity
Pole.
6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is 0.2~10mg/cm that the feature of obtained carbon nano-tube film, which includes: density,2,
6~280 μm of thickness, the hole between carbon nanotube is 50~100nm, 100~800m of specific surface area2/g。
7. according to the method described in claim 1, peristaltic pump is with 0.01~1.0mL/cm2The flow velocity of-min adds sewage;Operation electricity
Pressure is between 1.5V~4.0V.
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