CN104195978A - Ecological restoration and water-soil conservation method for wide gentle-slope hydro-fluctuation belt in large-scale water projects - Google Patents
Ecological restoration and water-soil conservation method for wide gentle-slope hydro-fluctuation belt in large-scale water projects Download PDFInfo
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- CN104195978A CN104195978A CN201410467949.2A CN201410467949A CN104195978A CN 104195978 A CN104195978 A CN 104195978A CN 201410467949 A CN201410467949 A CN 201410467949A CN 104195978 A CN104195978 A CN 104195978A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration and water-soil conservation method for a wide gentle-slope hydro-fluctuation belt in large-scale water projects. The method includes: 1, at lowest reservoir level, subjecting a water slope of a hydro-fluctuation belt having gentle terrain to micro-topological reformation for ecological embankment treatment; 2, under the condition of water level fluctuation amplitude within 15m, digging earth to form ponds and stacking earth to form dikes so as to obtain a series of dike ponds; 3, placing emerged plants, floating-leaved plants and submerged plants in the dike ponds according to the law of water level fluctuation. The method has the advantages that a wetland of the hydro-fluctuation belt gradiently changes significantly in terms of ecological functions and landscape effect, populations staggered and differentiated in both time and space are full utilized, a stable community composition is formed through mutual complementation of plant populations on the wetland, more varieties of plants grow on the wetland, and ecological structural stability of the wetland is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to ecological environmental protection and administer technical field, particularly a kind of large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type falling zone restoration of the ecosystem and soil and water conservation method.
Background technology
Large Hydro-Junction engineering, is the key major project of river management and exploitation, conventionally has the huge comprehensive benefits such as flood control, generating, shipping, tourism.Yet periodically significantly fluctuation of water level, often forms large area reservoir drawdown band, and reservoir ecological environment is changed a lot, protophyte will be difficult to survive mostly, and species diversity sharply reduces, landscape diversity degradation.River washes away with wave erosion and can cause sloping bank unstability again simultaneously, severe water and soil erosion, and pollutant enters water body with soil erosion, harm water ecology safety.At present, the ecological environment problem of reservoir drawdown band is carried out to excessive quantity research both at home and abroad, wherein the restoration of the ecosystem of falling zone and water and soil conservation are difficult point and the emphasis in all kinds of research always, are mainly that periodically significantly fluctuation in stage makes most plants be difficult to adapt to; Soil texture is unstable, and current scour causes the falling zone soil erosion and loss; Lack the whole theoretical system method of recovering of vegetation etc.
China is the area that dikepond system occurs the earliest in the world, distribution is the widest.The successful experience of Delta of the Pearl River dikepond system has caused extensive concern both domestic and external, has attracted a large amount of related researchers both at home and abroad to come to visit.Domestic some low laying areas outside the Delta of the Pearl River, the successful pattern of promoting Delta of the Pearl River dikepond system has also obtained remarkable effect, the units such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences also in Huang-Huai-Hai salt-soda soil, coastal region and northeast Marsh Wetland carried out dikepond system test and popularization, Europe, America also have some scientific research institutions to adopt the achievement in research of Delta of the Pearl River dikepond system, are engaged in test and popularization that low-lying land utilizes.Development along with market economy, there are great changes in the dikepond system structure of the developed areas such as the Delta of the Pearl River, be mainly breed in stew gradually to high economic benefit aquatic products and the intensive future development of high density, in succession there is the forms such as fruit base, sugarcane base, dish (flowers) base and careless base in pool base.The dikepond system that form is different, view is various, has all realized material and energy multi-level utilization, has enriched the content of various places Agro-ecology and landscape ecological.
The falling zone restoration of the ecosystem of large hydraulic engineering wide cut at present or global problem, its subject matter be water level significantly disappear rise serious etc. to the extreme test of vegetation ability of inundation and the falling zone soil erosion.Mainly by resistance to, flood foliage filter screening and vegetation recovery and offset band and carry out restoration of the ecosystem at present.At present, in distributed area, Three Gorges Reservoir typical case falling zone, carried out relevant trial, harvested certain effect, also obtained valuable experience, but also occurred many problems, drawn a large amount of lessons simultaneously.Such as, 1. fluctuation in stage is not enough on the consideration of different vegetation types impact, causes vegetation survival rate extremely unstable, and survival rate is lower for many years, also may cause plant residue to enter water body, brings secondary pollution.2. existing pool system engineering, pool base is mostly the exposed soil body, very easily by rainwater and spilling water, is washed away erosion, causes pool base shakiness and avalanche.3. soil matrix common gravel concentration in falling zone is higher, grittiness is stronger, and matrix water retaining capacity is very limited, and after water-break, moisture seepage is serious, causes landform arid to take place frequently, and greatly affects plant survival and growth.4. wetland plant varieties of plant is relatively single, and its planting patterns is not carried out unified standard and efficient management, the ecological component of water plant distribute deficiency rationally, various biologies do not form rational in infrastructure, the efficient synthesis of function.5. falling zone is administered in engineering at present, the most single existence of pool system, and unrealized zoning design and the comprehensive regulation, and the Ecosystem Service providing not yet reaches optimum level.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type falling zone restoration of the ecosystem and soil and water conservation method, the method makes the very water in pool, floating leaf and submerged plant on falling zone Function of Wetland and landscape effect, present obvious change of gradient, make full use of the on multiple populations of dislocation, differentiation, utilize mutually supplementing and together form stable Community composition of wetland plant populations.
The object of the invention is to realize by such technical scheme, specifically comprise the following steps: the falling zone restoration of the ecosystem of large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type and soil and water conservation method, is characterized in that: comprise
(1) select the mild falling zone of physical features, when reserve-water-level is minimum, to falling zone domatic mima type microrelief transformation and the revetment ecological management of carrying out that meet water;
(2), within water level disappears amount of increase degree 15m, by dredging into the pool, heap mud Cheng Ji, forms a series of Ji Tang;
(3) in the base pool, according to water-level fluctuation rule, water, floating leaf and submerged plant are endured in setting.
Further, on the pool base of Ji Tang, adopt resistance to herbaceous plant, the fixing water and soil of flooding in native soil.
Further, at the bottom of the pool of Ji Tang, adopt GCL to carry out antiseepage processing.
Further, between Ji Tang and the base pool, by rubble, mixing earth reinforces.
Further, the upstream face revetment of falling zone adopts jackstone to process.
Owing to adopting technique scheme, the present invention has advantages of as follows:
(1) taking into full account fluctuation in stage affects different vegetation types, improves plant survival rate, reduces secondary pollution; (2) the resistance to herbaceous plant bank protection that floods, the pollutant of dissolving, can also reduce soil erosion simultaneously; (3) the ecological seepage in the base pool, promotes pool system from water retention property; (4) enrich wetland plant kind, promote Wetland Biodiversity and ecosystem structure stability; (5) wide cut gentle slope type falling zone function division design, the supporting comprehensive regulation.
The specific embodiment
The falling zone restoration of the ecosystem of large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type and soil and water conservation method, comprising:
(1) select the mild falling zone of physical features, when reserve-water-level is minimum, to falling zone domatic mima type microrelief transformation and the revetment ecological management of carrying out that meet water;
(2), within water level disappears amount of increase degree 15m, by dredging into the pool, heap mud Cheng Ji, forms a series of Ji Tang;
(3) in the base pool, according to water-level fluctuation rule, water, floating leaf and submerged plant are endured in setting, guaranteeing, under the prerequisite of plant survival, to adopt three-dimensional vegetation layout pattern, improve wetland plant diversity.
As the improvement to the present embodiment, on the pool base of Ji Tang, adopt resistance to herbaceous plant, the fixing water and soil of flooding in native soil, can effectively preventing pool base bank slump, after waterflooding, also can be aquatic animal food source is provided, reduce the risk of alien species invasion, the pollutant of dissolving, can also reduce soil erosion simultaneously.The size of Ji Tang is determined size, shape according to orographic condition, is generally 300-500m
2.
As to further improvement of this embodiment, at the bottom of the pool of Ji Tang, adopt GCL to carry out antiseepage processing, can promote from water retention property, reduce irregular moisturizing cost.
As to further improvement of this embodiment, between Ji Tang and the base pool, by rubble, mix earth and reinforce, utilize that falling zone is flooded, runoff and retaining on precipitation and slope.
As to further improvement of this embodiment, the upstream face revetment of falling zone adopts jackstone to process.
The present invention, in conjunction with falling zone features of terrain, by Landscape Ecology Principle, adopts the comprehensive technological schemes such as many pools system, ecological revetment, revetment improvement, and formation matrix, patch, gallery are rationally inlayed the falling zone of coupling, structure function harmony and administered and protected mode.
Take Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone as example, more than the 160m elevation of wide cut gentle slope type falling zone, adopt system improving falling zone, many pools wetland landscape diversity and Ecosystem Service; 160m adopts draft indigenous plant bank protection below, and as Bermuda grass, vetiver etc., fixing water and soil, also can be aquatic animal food source is provided after waterflooding; Upstream face revetment adopts jackstone to process, water wave the degrading shore protection of dissolving.Water level elevation 170m plants floatingleaved plant above, as water lily, water caltrop etc., 165-170m kind is planted tall and big emergent aquactic plant, the raw iris of clear water as usual, aquatic canna, Scirpus tabernaemontani, reed and cattail etc., 160-165m kind is planted emergent aquactic plant deep water lotus, planting submerged plant eel grass and hornwort etc. are planted in base pool bottom, and pool base mainly plants that native country is resistance to floods herbaceous plant, as Bermuda grass, vetiver etc.After processing by such scheme, the warehouse-in main contamination index of water quality, as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspension etc. decline more than 30%; Soil erosion amount reduces more than 50%; Wetland plant kind more than 8 kinds, has improved muskeg and landscape diversity and Ecosystem Service.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of the technical program, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the falling zone restoration of the ecosystem of large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type and soil and water conservation method, is characterized in that: comprise
(1) select the mild falling zone of physical features, when reserve-water-level is minimum, to falling zone domatic mima type microrelief transformation and the revetment ecological management of carrying out that meet water;
(2), within water level disappears amount of increase degree 15m, by dredging into the pool, heap mud Cheng Ji, forms a series of Ji Tang;
(3) in the base pool, according to water-level fluctuation rule, water, floating leaf and submerged plant are endured in setting.
2. large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type falling zone restoration of the ecosystem according to claim 1 and soil and water conservation method, is characterized in that: on the pool base of Ji Tang, adopt resistance to herbaceous plant, the fixing water and soil of flooding in native soil.
3. large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type falling zone restoration of the ecosystem according to claim 1 and soil and water conservation method, is characterized in that: at the bottom of the pool of Ji Tang, adopt GCL to carry out antiseepage processing.
4. large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type falling zone restoration of the ecosystem according to claim 1 and soil and water conservation method, is characterized in that: between Ji Tang and the base pool, by rubble, mix earth and reinforce.
5. large hydraulic engineering wide cut gentle slope type falling zone restoration of the ecosystem according to claim 1 and soil and water conservation method, is characterized in that: the upstream face revetment of falling zone adopts jackstone to process.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104620838A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-05-20 | 陈洪凯 | Method for restoring vegetations in water-level-fluctuating zone |
| CN105544456A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Method for building green curtain suitable for steep slope type hydro-fluctuation belt and green curtain flotation devices |
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| JPH0762664A (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1995-03-07 | Maeda Corp | Method for protecting steep slope face of water reservoir pond |
| CN101581084A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2009-11-18 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Water-fluctuation zone self-locking wave-dissipation vegetation ecological slope protecting components |
| CN101580305A (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2009-11-18 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Wetland governance method for improving ecological environmental in reservoir falling zone |
| CN101715693A (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2010-06-02 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for building wetland vegetation in hydro-fluctuation belts of Three Gorges reservoir by utilizing lotuses |
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| JPH0762664A (en) * | 1993-08-23 | 1995-03-07 | Maeda Corp | Method for protecting steep slope face of water reservoir pond |
| CN101580305A (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2009-11-18 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Wetland governance method for improving ecological environmental in reservoir falling zone |
| CN101581084A (en) * | 2009-06-12 | 2009-11-18 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Water-fluctuation zone self-locking wave-dissipation vegetation ecological slope protecting components |
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| 李波等: "城市消落带景观基塘***设计初探——以重庆开县汉丰湖为例", 《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》, vol. 30, no. 6, 25 November 2013 (2013-11-25), pages 51 - 54 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104620838A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-05-20 | 陈洪凯 | Method for restoring vegetations in water-level-fluctuating zone |
| CN104620838B (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2017-04-05 | 重庆交通大学 | Reservoir drawdown band method for recovering vegetation |
| CN105544456A (en) * | 2015-12-22 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院 | Method for building green curtain suitable for steep slope type hydro-fluctuation belt and green curtain flotation devices |
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