CN104185767A - 用于产生两股净化的部分空气流的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于产生两股净化的部分空气流的方法和设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104185767A
CN104185767A CN201280046020.1A CN201280046020A CN104185767A CN 104185767 A CN104185767 A CN 104185767A CN 201280046020 A CN201280046020 A CN 201280046020A CN 104185767 A CN104185767 A CN 104185767A
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air stream
cooling
total
total air
pressure
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CN104185767B (zh
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A·阿列克谢耶夫
D·戈卢贝夫
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
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    • F25J3/04181—Regenerating the adsorbents
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04193—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions
    • F25J3/04206—Division of the main heat exchange line in consecutive sections having different functions including a so-called "auxiliary vaporiser" for vaporising and producing a gaseous product
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
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    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
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    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
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Abstract

本发明涉及产生两股处于不同压力的净化的部分空气流的方法和设备。将总空气流(1)压缩到第一总空气压力。将经压缩的总空气流(5)在第一总空气压力下通过与冷却水的热交换(4，6)而进行冷却。用于冷却总空气流(5)的与冷却水的热交换至少部分地在第一直接接触冷却器(6)中以直接热交换的方式进行。将经冷却的总空气流(9)分离成第一部分空气流(10)和第二部分空气流(11)。将第一部分空气流(10)在第一总空气压力下在第一净化装置(18)中进行净化，并作为净化的第一部分空气流(19)获得。将第二部分空气流(11)后期压缩(12)到高于第一总空气压力的更高的压力。将经后期压缩的第二部分空气流(14)在第二直接接触冷却器(15)中通过与冷却水的直接热交换(13，15)进行冷却。将经冷却的第二部分空气流(17)在更高的压力下在第二净化装置(30)中进行净化，并作为净化的第二部分空气流(31)获得。

Description

用于产生两股净化的部分空气流的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及产生两股处于不同压力下的净化的部分空气流的方法。
背景技术
“冷凝器-蒸发器”所指的是一种热交换器，在其中第一冷凝流体流与第二蒸发流体流进行间接热交换。每个冷凝器-蒸发器具有分别由液化通道和蒸发通道构成的液化腔室和蒸发腔室。在液化腔室中第一流体流被冷凝(液化)，在蒸发腔室中第二流体流被蒸发。蒸发腔室和液化腔室由彼此成热交换关系的通道的组形成。
冷凝器-蒸发器例如可以构造成降膜蒸发器或浴式蒸发器。在“降膜蒸发器”中，待蒸发的流体从上向下穿过蒸发腔室流动并且在此过程中被部分地蒸发。在“浴式蒸发器”(有时也称作“循环蒸发器”或“热虹吸管蒸发器”)中，热交换器模块处于待蒸发的流体的液体浴中。由于热虹吸效应，流体由下向上穿过蒸发通道流动并且在顶部又作为两相混合物排出。剩余液体在热交换器模块外部回流至液体浴中。(在浴式蒸发器中，蒸发腔室不仅可以包括蒸发通道，而且还可以包括围绕热交换器模块的外部腔室)。
用于低压塔的冷凝器-蒸发器(低压塔-中间蒸发器和低压塔-塔底蒸发器)可以设置在低压塔的内部或者在一个或多个单独的容器中。
EP342436A2公开了将总空气流(1)压缩到第一总空气压力，分离成两股部分空气流，对其中之一进行后期压缩，并且在两个在不同的压缩压力下运行的净化装置中将这两股部分空气流净化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是设计此类方法以及相应的装置，使其能够在能量上特别有利地运行。
该目的是通过权利要求1的特征实现的。
在本发明中，总空气流在其被分离之前通过与第一直接接触冷却器中的冷却水进行直接热交换而被冷却到特别低的温度，尤其是低于环境温度。使用传统的后期冷却器或中间冷却器，通常无法达到这样的低温。在该特别低的温度下，第二部分空气流于是进行后期压缩。在后期压缩机入口处相应的体积减少显著改善了后期压缩的效率，并且由此节约了能源。
第一直接接触冷却器的上游可以连接有传统的后期冷却器，于其中将总空气流在其被压缩到第一总空气压力之后通过与冷却水进行间接热交换而冷却到通常高于环境温度的温度。然而，总的空气在压缩和被分离成两股部分空气流之间的冷却也可以单独在第一直接接触冷却器中进行。
用于冷却经后期压缩的第二部分空气流(14)的与冷却水进行的热交换原则上也可以间接地进行。然而，在本发明中，这种冷却至少部分地在第二直接接触冷却器中以直接热交换的方式进行。第二直接接触冷却器的上游可以连接有传统的后期冷却器，于其中将经后期压缩的第二部分空气流通过与冷却水进行间接热交换而冷却到通常高于环境温度的温度。然而，替代性地可以单独在直接接触冷却器中进行该冷却。
全部的压缩步骤可以采用多级方式完成，于是优选在每一对彼此相继的级之间均具有一个传统的中间冷却。
本发明进一步涉及根据权利要求3的上述方法用于提供处于两个不同压力水平的进料空气进行低温空气分离的应用。
本发明进一步涉及根据权利要求4的设备。根据本发明的设备能够通过对应于从属方法权利要求的特征的设备特征加以补充。
下面依照在图1中示意性显示的实施例更加详细地阐述本发明以及本发明进一步的细节。
在图1中，大气空气1被具有后期冷却器4的主空气压缩机3抽吸经过过滤器2，并在此被压缩到3.1巴的第一总空气压力。该主空气压缩机可以具有两个或更多个具有中间冷却的级；出于冗余的原因，其优选被构造成两行(两者在图中均未示出)。总空气流5在第一总空气压力和295K的温度下被送入第一直接接触冷却器6，并在此与来自蒸发冷却器8的冷却水7进行直接热交换而进一步被冷却到283K。经冷却的总空气流9被分离成第一部分空气流10和第二部分空气流11。
第二部分空气流11在具有后期冷却器13的后期压缩器12中从第一总空气压力(减去压降)被压缩到4.9巴的第二总空气压力。该后期压缩器可以具有两个或更多个具有中间冷却的级；出于冗余的原因，其优选被构造成两行(两者在图中均未示出)。主空气压缩机和后期压缩器的每一行可以构造成一个具有共同驱动的机器，尤其是作为齿轮式压缩机。第二部分空气流14接着在第二直接接触冷却器15中从295K被冷却到290K，更准确地说是与较暖的冷却水流16进行直接热交换。
第一部分空气流在于第一总空气压力下运行的第一净化装置18中被净化，并且接着在该压力下通过管线19被送至主热交换器的热端，其在实施例中由两个平行连接的模块20、21形成。冷却到大约露点的空气形成“第一进料空气流”，其被送入第一高压塔23。
第一高压塔23是用于氮氧分离的精馏塔***的一部分，该塔***此外还具有第二高压塔24、由两个区段25、26组成的低压塔、低压塔-中间蒸发器27、低压塔-塔底蒸发器28以及辅助冷凝器29。低压塔-中间蒸发器27和低压塔-塔底蒸发器28构造为降膜蒸发器，辅助冷凝器29为浴式蒸发器。
经预先冷却的第二部分空气流17在于第二总空气压力下运行的第二净化装置30中被净化。由经净化的第二部分空气流可以经由管线32提取一小部分，其用作仪表气或用于空气分离外部的目的。剩余部分经由管线33流向主热交换器20，并在此进行冷却。将经冷却的第二部分空气流34分离成被导入第二高压塔24的“第二进料空气流”35以及被引导至辅助冷凝器29的液化腔室的“第三进料空气流”36。
经冷凝的第三部分流37至少部分地、优选基本上完全地被导入分离器(相分离器)38中。液体馏分39的第一部分40被导入第一高压塔23。第二部分41经由过冷对流热交换器42和管线43被送入低压塔26。
第一高压塔23的富氮塔顶气体44的第一部分在低压塔-中间蒸发器27中冷凝。在此获得的液氮46的第一部分47作为回流被送至第一高压塔23的塔顶。第二部分48在过冷对流热交换器42中进行冷却，并经由管线49作为回流被送至低压塔26的塔顶。过冷液体的一部分50在需要时可以作为液体产品(LIN)获得。
第一高压塔23的富氮塔顶气体44的第二部分51被导入主热交换器20。其至少一部分52仅仅被加温到中间温度，并且接着在发电机制动压缩氮涡轮机53中从2.7巴做功膨胀到1.25巴。涡轮机的出口压力已经足够驱动经做功膨胀的流54通过主热交换器20并且经过管线55、56、57作为再生气体通过第一和第二净化装置18、30。
流51的另一部分在主热交换器20中被加热到环境温度，并且作为气态加压氮气产品(PGAN)获得。
第二高压塔24的富氮塔顶气体58在低压塔-塔底蒸发器28中被冷凝。在此获得的液氮59的第一部分60作为回流被送至第二高压塔24的塔顶。第二部分61在过冷对流热交换器42中被冷却，并经由管线62作为回流被送至低压塔26的塔顶。
将这两个高压塔23、24的塔底液体63、64汇合，并经由管线65、过冷对流热交换器42和管线66送至低压塔26。
低压塔25的塔底液体66被导入低压塔-塔底蒸发器28的蒸发腔室，并在此部分地蒸发。以液态留下的馏分67流入辅助冷凝器29的蒸发腔室中，并在此部分地蒸发。蒸发的馏分68被送至主热交换器模块20的冷端，被加热到大约环境温度，最后经由管线69作为纯度为95摩尔％的气态氧气产品(GOX)获得。以液态留下的馏分的一部分70在泵71中达到6巴的压力，在主热交换器模块21中蒸发及加热，最后混入气态氧气产品69中。另一部分72可以经由过冷对流热交换器42、泵73和管线74作为液氧产品(LOX)获得。
将在第二低压塔区段26的底端产生的液体中间馏分75利用泵76输送至低压塔-中间蒸发器27的蒸发腔室中，并在此部分地蒸发。将在此产生的蒸汽与在第一低压塔区段25的塔顶产生的蒸汽一起经由管线77和79导入第二低压塔区段26，任选与循环的清洗液78一起。将以液态留下的中间馏分的剩余部分用作第一低压塔区段25中的回流液体。
在低压塔26的塔顶，富氮的残余气体80在1.26巴的压力下排出，并且在于过冷对流热交换器42和主热交换器20中加热之后经由管线81实际上无压力地作为干燥气体送入蒸发冷却器8中，并在此用于冷却冷却水82。

Claims (4)

1.产生两股处于不同压力的净化的部分空气流的方法，其中
-将总空气流(1)压缩到第一总空气压力，
-将经压缩的总空气流(5)在第一总空气压力下通过与冷却水的热交换(4，6)而进行冷却，
-用于冷却总空气流(5)的与冷却水的热交换至少部分地在第一直接接触冷却器(6)中以直接热交换的方式进行，
-将经冷却的总空气流(9)分离成第一部分空气流(10)和第二部分空气流(11)，
-将第一部分空气流(10)在第一总空气压力下在第一净化装置(18)中进行净化，并作为净化的第一部分空气流(19)获得，
-将第二部分空气流(11)后期压缩(12)到高于第一总空气压力的更高的压力，
-将经后期压缩的第二部分空气流(14)通过与冷却水的热交换(13，15)而进行冷却，
-用于冷却经后期压缩的第二部分空气流(14)的与冷却水的热交换至少部分地在第二直接接触冷却器(15)中以直接热交换的方式进行，
-将经冷却的第二部分空气流(17)在更高的压力下在第二净化装置(30)中进行净化，并作为净化的第二部分空气流(31)获得。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于，将总空气流(5)在第一直接接触冷却器(6)中冷却到低于环境温度的低温。
3.用于氮氧分离的在精馏塔***中低温分离空气的方法，其中产生根据权利要求1至3之一的净化的第一部分空气流和净化的第二部分空气流，并且将净化的第一部分空气流的至少一部分和净化的第二部分空气流的至少一部分导入用于氮氧分离的精馏塔***中。
4.产生两股处于不同压力的净化的部分空气流的设备，其包括：
-将总空气流(1)压缩到第一总空气压力的主空气压缩机，
-通过与冷却水的直接热交换(4，6)而对处于第一总空气压力的经压缩的总空气流(5)进行冷却的第一直接接触冷却器(6)，
-将在第一直接接触冷却器中冷却的总空气流(9)分离成第一部分空气流(10)和第二部分空气流(11)的装置，
-用于净化处于第一总空气压力的第一部分空气流(10)的第一净化装置(18)，
-在第一净化装置(18)下游获得作为净化的第一部分空气流(19)的第一部分空气流的装置，
-将第二部分空气流(11)后期压缩到高于第一总空气压力的更高的压力的后期压缩器(12)，
-通过与冷却水的直接热交换(4，6)冷却经后期压缩的第二部分空气流(14)的第二直接接触冷却器(15)，
-用于净化处于更高的压力的经冷却的第二部分空气流(17)的第二净化装置(30)，及
-在第二净化装置(30)下游获得作为净化的第二部分空气流(31)的第二部分空气流的装置。
CN201280046020.1A 2011-09-20 2012-09-20 用于产生两股净化的部分空气流的方法和设备 Expired - Fee Related CN104185767B (zh)

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WO2015003809A2 (de) * 2013-07-11 2015-01-15 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und vorrichtung zur sauerstoffgewinnung durch tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft mit variablem energieverbrauch
RU2691453C1 (ru) * 2015-11-06 2019-06-14 Юоп Ллк Промывка выходящего из реактора потока для удаления ароматических соединений
EP3557166A1 (de) 2018-04-19 2019-10-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur tieftemperaturzerlegung von luft und luftzerlegungsanlage
US20230087673A1 (en) * 2021-09-23 2023-03-23 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Pre-purification arrangement for air separation and method of hybrid air purification

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AU2012323524B2 (en) 2017-09-21
EP2758735A2 (de) 2014-07-30
KR101947112B1 (ko) 2019-02-12
US10222120B2 (en) 2019-03-05
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US20140223960A1 (en) 2014-08-14
WO2013053425A3 (de) 2014-08-28

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