CN104171594B - A kind of reduce the feedstuff heavy metal mixed feed additive in tilapia body absorption and residual - Google Patents
A kind of reduce the feedstuff heavy metal mixed feed additive in tilapia body absorption and residual Download PDFInfo
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- CN104171594B CN104171594B CN201410333325.1A CN201410333325A CN104171594B CN 104171594 B CN104171594 B CN 104171594B CN 201410333325 A CN201410333325 A CN 201410333325A CN 104171594 B CN104171594 B CN 104171594B
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- heavy metal
- tilapia
- feedstuff
- gram
- feed additive
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- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 25
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- AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lipoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC1CCSS1 AGBQKNBQESQNJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the mixed feed additive reducing feedstuff heavy metal in tilapia body absorption and residual. Containing chitosan 200-500 gram, Quercetin 50-300 gram, garlicin 25-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 50-200 gram in its component and every kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier. This mixed feed additive can be used for reducing feedstuff heavy metal in tilapia body absorption and residual. Its addition in compound feed of tilapia is the 0.2%-4% of feed relative, can obviously reduce heavy metal level in tilapia intestinal, liver, muscle, breeding water body, increases the discharge of heavy metal in feces, there is no and cause secondary pollution; Liver pancreas oxidation resistance can also be improved, effectively alleviate the heavy metal inhibitory action to growth. Raw materials used be easy to get, moderate cost, safely and effectively, without incompatibility, preparation simply, the feature such as addition is low, application prospect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed additive field, particularly relate to and a kind of reduce the feedstuff heavy metal mixed feed additive in tilapia body absorption and residual.
Background technology
Tilapia is also known as African crucian, the cultured freshwater fish that the emphasis scientific research of World Water industry is cultivated, and one of it being described as the main source of following animal protein, China is the cultivation and exported country that tilapia is maximum in the world, and tilapia place intensive culture degree improves constantly. But, along with the aggravation of environmental pollution, heavy metal enters in tilapia body possibly through plant feed, animal fodder and mineral feed, and heavy metal is once accumulate in vivo, it is difficult to be scavenged into external. Entering the heavy metal in fish body can make body produce substantial amounts of free radical, destroy the poised state between body oxidative and anti-oxidative system, to nervous system, digestive system, each big systems such as genitourinary system, hormonal system, immune system and skeleton cause damage, and then induce an illness and suppress the growth of Fish. It is reported all there is contamination phenomenon in various degree in the vegetality feedstuff in contaminated area, microelement pre-mix material, mixed feed, fish flour, heavy metal common in the feedstuff of cultured fishes is plumbous and cadmium.
Reduce heavy metal to the internal residual of Fish and toxic action, must in strict accordance with " forage health standard " GB13078-2001 and relevant laws and regulations, control feedstuff quality, avoid the heavy metal pollution of processing, storage and transport process as far as possible, reduce intake and body accumulation.In actual production, the monitoring difficulty of feedstuff heavy metal pollution is relatively big, even if heavy metal meets national standard in feedstuff, the heavy metal of low dosage still can produce cumulative action, producing chronic toxicity in fish body, growth is suppressed, the economic benefit of impact cultivation. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt really effective technology at utmost to reduce the potential hazard of feedstuff heavy metal, reduce heavy metal to the harm of Fish and residual in the product thereof, thus promoting fish growth performance.
Patent of invention ZL200410053308.9 discloses titanium pillared montmorillonite application in feed industry, titanium pillared montmorillonite is applied in the feedstuff of poultry and the aquatic products polluted by poisonous and harmful substance as feed additive, utilize its good surface activity and specific surface area, in animal body heavy metal and arsenic, fluorine, organophosphor, Aspergillus flavus and the pathogenic microorganism such as active adsorption lead, cadmium, hydrargyrum.
Patent application CN201110366010.3 discloses a kind of mixed type premixed feed reducing animal product heavy-metal residual and its preparation method and application, by weight/mass percentage composition, this mixed type premixed feed comprises inorganic adsorbent 40%～88%, organic adsorbent 0.6%～9%, organic-inorganic adsorbent 5%～25%, micronizing tea powder 5%～30%, selenium 0.0002%～0.015% and vitamin C 0.2%～10%.
At present, reduce the feedstuff heavy metal toxicity to terrestrial animal mainly by the adsorption playing adsorbent in intestinal, reduce the absorption of heavy metal intestinal and internal residual. The adsorbent of heavy metal is broadly divided into inorganic adsorbent and organic adsorbent, inorganic adsorbent (silicate mineral as: zeolite, natural zeolite, attapulgite clay, bentonite and modified product thereof etc.) is based on physical absorption, the absorption affinity of heavy metal is weak, poor specificity, absorption stability are not strong, absorption and desorption rate are fast, are applied to fish culture field and there is the risk of " secondary pollution ". And organic adsorbent (chitosan, the microorganism such as yeast, lactic acid bacteria and tunning thereof) is main based on chemisorbed, the absorption affinity of heavy metal is strong, high specificity, absorption are stable and not easily desorbing, and safety is high. By adding the materials such as vegetalitas additive, trace element-selenium and vitamin C, raising antioxidant ability of organism and minimizing animal product heavy-metal residual aspect there is certain effect. And the vegetalitas additive using dosage that do not extract effective active matter is big, activity substance content is low; The ability of trace element-selenium and vitamin C scavenging free radicals, decorporation heavy metal is general, will certainly affect the effect reducing feedstuff heavy metal at fish body absorption and residual.
In addition, reduce heavy metal the murder by poisoning of terrestrial animal body and the technical measures of decorporation are also had: (1) external source in feedstuff supplements the mineral element such as calcium, zinc, by carrier competitive binding relevant with heavy metal ion absorption in intestinal, the toxicity of heavy metal to a certain degree can be reduced. But the Ministry of Agriculture the 1224th bulletin " feed additive safe handling specification " defines the highest Limited Doses of trace mineral element, the new problem such as improper use can bring feed product medium trace element to exceed standard, product is defective, element is uneven, environmental pollution. (2) substantial amounts of heavy metal in quickly complexation body such as energy such as heavy metal complexing agent such as Ca-EDTA, metallothionein, sodium dimercaptosuccinate etc. is used, pretty good at suckling removal effect, but many uses in heavy metal acute toxicity, fish feed these chelating agent of medium-term and long-term use will necessarily affect the homergy of essential trace element, even causes the damage of some internal organs.
Due to the species of tilapia, feedstuff composition, breeding environment, digestive physiological characteristics, heavy metal many aspects such as sensitivity there is very big difference with terrestrial animal, it is necessary to research and develop the additive product for fish feed Heavy Metal Pollution;Use the active substance of inorganic adsorbent, internal oxidation resistance and decorporation heavy metal ability, it is difficult to meet the needs of current tilapia breeding enterprise and tilapia product safety.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide and a kind of reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body.
For achieving the above object, the present invention provides a kind of and reduces the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body, it is characterized in that, containing chitosan 200-500 gram, Quercetin 50-300 gram, garlicin 25-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 50-200 gram in its component and every kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
Concrete, containing chitosan 200-350 gram, Quercetin 100-300 gram, garlicin 50-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 75-200 gram in described component and often kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
Concrete, containing chitosan 200-300 gram, Quercetin 150-300 gram, garlicin 75-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 100-200 gram in described component and often kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
More specifically, containing chitosan 200-300 gram, Quercetin 225-300 gram, garlicin 112.5-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 125-200 gram in described component and often kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
Chitosan molecule amount described in any of the above described a kind of mixed feed additive is 10000-200000 dalton, deacetylation more than 85%.
Carrier described in any of the above described a kind of mixed feed additive is defatted rice bran or flour.
A kind of reduce the mixed feed addictive preparation method that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body, it is characterized in that, will be enabled through the chitosan of 80 sieves, Quercetin, garlicin, alpha-lipoic acid mix with carrier, mix 5-10 minute, the mixing homogeneity coefficient of variation of additive, less than 5%, must reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body.
The mixed feed additive that described reduction feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body is for the purposes of compound feed of tilapia.
The described mixed feed additive 0.2%-4% that addition is feed relative in compound feed of tilapia; It is preferably 0.4%-2%.
The present invention provides a kind of and reduces the mixed feed additive (namely mixed by a certain percentage with carrier or diluent by one or more feed additives, but be not belonging to the feedstuff additive product of additive premix) that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body. By the integrated assembling to various active material, play cooperative effect, adopt mutipal technology measure to reduce feedstuff heavy metal absorption residual in Fish and toxic action to greatest extent. Specifically include three below aspect: (1) utilize heavy metal specific adsorption, absorption affinity by force, organic adsorbent chitosan efficient absorption heavy metal in intestinal of not easily desorbing, reduce the absorption in intestinal and body accumulation; (2) multiple highly active combinations of substances passes through in vivo the directly removing polyradical of crossing because producing in heavy metal body, raising antioxidant ability of organism, the oxidative damage of the caused by heavy metal that alleviation is not adsorbed agent absorption and is absorbed by organisms; (3) utilize the various active combinations of substances with decorporation heavy metal effect to improve body detoxification ability or internal chelate heavy metals, promote that heavy metal is discharged, reduce accumulation in vivo further.
Chitosan raw materials for production of the present invention, from shrimp and crab shells, are the naturally occurring natural macromolecular materials being only second to cellulose output in the world, are unique positively charged alkaline polysaccharides.Containing a large amount of-NH in its molecule2With-OH, formation chelate can be combined with heavy metal ion, belong to high specificity, absorption affinity by force, the chemisorbed of not easily desorbing, and also conventional ion will not be adsorbed, this is because heavy metal has the empty d track and higher electric charge/radius ratio that can be used for into key, it is easy to form stable coordination compound with various ligands. Chitosan absorption water environment heavy metal report more, its adsorption conditions as: pH value, adsorption time, adsorption temp etc. are close with fish body intestinal environment condition, there are some researches show that also it can Adsorption of Heavy Metals in fish body. After chitosan enters fish body, it is difficult to be decomposed, major part excretes with feces. Additionally, chitosan belongs to innocuous substance, safety is unquestionable. Chitosan has the advantage that aboundresources, preparation method are simple, cheap. In the present invention, chitosan molecule amount is 10000-200000 dalton, deacetylation more than 85%.
Described Quercetin be a kind of be widely present in nature water fruits and vegetables and corn plant source property flavone compound, there is antioxidation, antitumor, anti-inflammation, protection Liver and kidney and cardiovascular and the only effect such as diarrhoea. Wherein the antioxidation of Quercetin is closely related with other biological activity. Its antioxidation is mainly through the direct scavenging free radicals of the phenolic hydroxyl group in molecular structure, it is suppressed that the related enzyme activity that free radical generates, the metal ion of chelation evoked oxidation, is realized by aspects such as the expression of cellular signal transduction pathways adjustment antioxidase. Research shows, after Quercetin is absorbed by fish body, exists with flavone aglycone form, can improve the oxidation resistance of fish body, reduces the oxidative damage of liver, and reduce the accumulation of heavy metal lead and cadmium. Quercetin can also make oxidized vitamin C and vitamin E activity recovery, plays the effect saving these vitamin. Quercetin is applied more in human health care's product, and along with the technology extracting Quercetin from plant is day by day ripe, its application in animal feed is possibly realized; Recently the research about the Quercetin acute toxicity as feed additive and mutagenicity evaluation indicates its safety, it is possible to be applied in the feedstuff of animal relievedly.
Described garlicin chemical name is garlicin compound, is the main active of Bulbus Allii, can chemical industry synthesis. Garlicin energy scavenging free radicals, it is suppressed that the lipid peroxide damage to membrane structure. When itself and radical reaction, decompose rapidly and produce a kind of sulfenic acids. Sulfenic acids and suitable rapid of radical reaction, this reaction is only limited by the restriction of the two molecule contacts time. The antioxidant activity position of garlicin is-S (O) S-CH2-CH=CH2. And can chelate heavy metals in vivo, and continue the effect of decorporation heavy metal, effectively get rid of heavy metal lead and the cadmium of body accumulation. Garlicin be nontoxic, have no side effect, the green safety feed additive of noresidue, wide material sources, with low cost.
Described alpha-lipoic acid is the antioxidant of a kind of super strong type, is referred to as " universal antioxidant ". It not only has water solublity but also have fat-soluble, it is possible to being deep into each position in cell and play antioxidation, its effect is better than vitamin C and vitamin E. Alpha-lipoic acid contains double; two sulfur five-membered ring structure, and electron density is significantly high, has significant electrophilicity and the ability with radical reaction, it is possible to directly scavenging free radicals, moreover it is possible to preserve and regenerate other antioxidant, such as vitamin C and E etc.Alpha-lipoic acid or a kind of heavy metal chelant, can pass through SH group and be combined with heavy metal, reduce the toxicity of heavy metal. Its sulfydryl is easy to carry out redox reaction, and sulfydryl enzyme can be protected from the murder by poisoning of heavy metal ion. Additionally ,-thioctic acid also has the function of strengthening liver detoxification ability, increase other antioxidant and eliminate the ability of free radical.
All commercially, grinding particle size is all more than 80 orders for the raw material that the present invention relates to.
Mixed feed additive product of the present invention can add in compound feed of tilapia, and addition is the 0.2%-4% of mixed feed weight, it is preferred that addition is 0.4%-2%.
The invention have the benefit that
(1) according to heavy metal, fish body is produced the rule of toxic action, utilize multi-level technical measures, adopt and there is Specific adsorption heavy metal, improve antioxidant ability of organism and the stronger various bioactivators of decorporation heavy metal effect carries out integrated assembling, it is provided that a kind of reduce the feedstuff heavy metal mixed feed additive in tilapia body absorption and residual.
(2) this formula is applied, not only reduce the absorbtivity of fish body intestinal heavy metal, promote that heavy metal is discharged, alleviate environmental pollution, fish liver oxidation resistance can also be improved, by the other biological effect of active substances various in the present invention, promote fish growth, economic benefit, social benefit bumper harvests can be obtained, meet the policy of national security healthy aquaculture.
(3) raw material of this feed additive be easy to get, moderate cost, safely and effectively, without incompatibility, preparation simply, the feature such as addition is low, application prospect is good.
Embodiments of the invention demonstrate the appropriate mixed feed additive using the present invention in tilapia feed, can obviously reduce heavy metal level in intestinal, liver, muscle, breeding water body, increase the discharge of heavy metal in feces, there is no and cause secondary pollution; Liver pancreas oxidation resistance can also be improved, effectively alleviate the heavy metal inhibitory action to growth.
Detailed description of the invention
Being described below in detail embodiments of the invention, the example of described embodiment is intended to for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention. Unreceipted concrete technology or condition person in embodiment, technology or condition described by the document in this area or carry out according to product description. Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, be can pass through city available from conventional products.
Garlicin used by following example is 50% allicin powder bought on market. Other compositions also all can be commercially available on market.
Embodiment 1: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately weigh chitosan 500 grams, Quercetin 150 grams, 50% allicin powder 50 grams, alpha-lipoic acid 50 grams, 250 grams of flour respectively, pack after putting into mixer mix homogeneously and obtain and reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body.
Embodiment 2: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately weigh chitosan 200 grams, Quercetin 300 grams, 50% allicin powder 100 grams, alpha-lipoic acid 100 grams, 300 grams of flour respectively, pack after putting into mixer mix homogeneously and obtain and reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body.
Embodiment 3: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately weigh chitosan 300 grams, Quercetin 225 grams, 50% allicin powder 150 grams, alpha-lipoic acid 200 grams, 125 grams of flour respectively, pack after putting into mixer mix homogeneously and obtain and reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body.
Embodiment 4: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately weigh chitosan 350 grams, Quercetin 50 grams, 50% allicin powder 225 grams, alpha-lipoic acid 125 grams, defatted rice bran 250 grams respectively, pack after putting into mixer mix homogeneously and obtain this feed additive.
Embodiment 5: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately weigh chitosan 200 grams, Quercetin 100 grams, 50% allicin powder 350 grams, alpha-lipoic acid 75 grams, defatted rice bran 275 grams respectively, pack after putting into mixer mix homogeneously and obtain this feed additive.
Embodiment 6: the preparation of mixed feed additive
Accurately weigh chitosan 250 grams, Quercetin 250 grams, 50% allicin powder 275 grams, alpha-lipoic acid 50 grams, defatted rice bran 175 grams respectively, pack after putting into mixer mix homogeneously and obtain this feed additive.
Embodiment 7: compliance test result test (reduces the plumbous effect test at tilapia body absorption and residual of feedstuff)
Following parameter adopts Nanjing to build up the relevant Antioxidant Indexes of Bioengineering Research Institute's kit measurement, measures heavy metal level with GFAAS.
Test is tilapia fry 225 tail with fish, is randomly divided into 3 process groups, namely matched group, feedstuff lead contamination group, additive test group, each process group 3 repetition, every cylinder 25 tail fish, average weight is 11.60 ± 0.20g/ tail. Control group fed normal feedstuff, its lead level is 1.45mg/kg; Lead contamination group feeds adds the feedstuff that plumbi nitras (in lead 500mg/kg) is configured in normal feedstuff; Additive test group feeds the feedstuff being configured at middle embodiment 1 product adding 1.2 weight % of lead contamination feedstuff (i.e. the feedstuff of lead contamination group).
The normal feedstuff of test is tilapia commodity material (crude protein level is 30.4%, and crude fat level is 5.7%, and digestible energy is 11.8MJ/kg). Test fish is satiated with food and throws something and feeds, and experimental period is 49d, calculates growth performance index, after test end of term sampling test terminates, separate liver pancreas and muscle after Dissection test fish, be used for measuring liver pancreas malonaldehyde (MDA) level, oxidation resistance (superoxide dismutase, SOD; Catalase, CAT; Glutathion peroxidase, GSH-Px; Antioxidative activities, T-AOC) and fish tissues in heavy-metal residual lead level. In the smooth water test that carries out for last three days of test, collect feces and breeding water body water sample, measure heavy metal lead level. All data acquisition Excel softwares arrange, and SPSS17.0 software ANOVA module carries out one factor analysis of variance, makes multiple comparisons by LSD method, and result mean+SD (Mean ± SD) represents, P < 0.05 represents significant difference between mean. Experimental result is in Table 1,2 and table 3.
As shown in table 1, in this test, the test end of term weight of feedstuff lead contamination group, food ration, rate of body weight gain are all substantially less than matched group and test group (P<0.05), without significant difference (P>0.05) between matched group and additive test group; Without significant difference (P>0.05) between feed coefficient and each process group of mortality rate. Illustrate that the feedstuff lead of this dosage in test can significantly inhibit the growth performance of tilapia, and use the additive product of the present invention can effectively alleviate the plumbous suppression to growth of feedstuff.
The liver Antioxidant Indexes of different group tilapias changes in Table 2. Compared with matched group, the SOD activity of feedstuff lead contamination group, CAT activity, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC level significantly reduce (P < 0.05), MDA level significantly raises (P < 0.05), it was shown that the plumbous substantially induction liver of hybrid tilapia generation oxidative stress of the feedstuff of this dosage in test;After using the additive of the present invention in the feedstuff of lead contamination, its liver Antioxidant Indexes and matched group, close to (P > 0.05), illustrate that the oxidation resistance of liver of hybrid tilapia obtains and are obviously improved.
In different group tilapia bodies, plumbous residual condition is in Table 3. Compared with matched group, in the intestinal of feedstuff lead contamination group, liver and muscle, plumbous residual level is significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05), and especially the residual level in muscle is higher than national food safety standard pollutants in food limitation (GB2762-2012). The plumbous residual level using each histoorgan of test group of additive of the present invention significantly reduces (P < 0.05), residual level in muscle is limited the quantity lower than national food safety standard pollutants in food, is but still significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05). This be due in this test feedstuff lead level significantly high caused by, be about more than 300 times of matched group, fish culture process be generally significantly less than the feedstuff lead contamination degree of this test. Therefore, this additive is applied in practice it is possible that better effect.
The heavy metal lead level of different group tilapia feces and breeding water body is in Table 3. Lead level in feedstuff lead contamination group tilapia feces and breeding water body is significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05), after employing the additive of the present invention, the lead level in test group feces dramatically increases (P < 0.05), and the lead level in breeding water body significantly reduces (P < 0.05), illustrate that more lead is discharged from feces, plumbous combination in feces is stablized, and will not dissociate and cause secondary pollution.
Growth Op Tilapia performance is affected table by table 1 embodiment 1 product
Note: the colleague data different lower case person of shoulder mark represents significant difference (P<0.05), and non-marking-up mother person represents difference not notable (P>0.05), all herewith illustrates with following table.
Liver of hybrid tilapia Antioxidant Indexes is affected table by table 2 embodiment 1 product
| Project | Matched group | Feedstuff lead contamination group | Additive test group |
| SOD | 93.42±12.94b | 57.55±13.25a | 88.60±14.35b |
| CAT | 49.24±2.79b | 35.80±3.05a | 48.57±4.02b |
| GSH-Px | 31.45±4.78b | 18.25±4.15a | 29.36±3.74b |
| T-AOC | 1.85±0.14b | 1.04±0.28a | 1.74±0.20b |
| MDA | 0.85±0.19a | 1.32±0.11b | 0.91±0.15a |
Table 3 embodiment 1 product affects table to residual plumbous in tilapia body, feces and breeding water body lead level
| Project | Matched group | Feedstuff lead contamination group | Additive test group |
| Intestinal, mg/kg | 0.75±0.22a | 35.75±1.43c | 14.42±1.75b |
| Liver, mg/kg | 0.48±0.20b | 30.12±1.70c | 11.85±1.34a |
| Muscle, mg/kg | 0.03±0.01a | 0.93±0.04c | 0.37±0.03b |
| Feces, mg/kg | 1.03±0.14a | 33.54±1.63b | 44.45±2.15c |
| Breeding water body μ g/L | 7.30±0.15a | 35.06±0.45c | 21.88±0.34b |
Embodiment 8: compliance test result test (reduces the Dietary Cadmium effect test at tilapia body absorption and residual)
Test is tilapia fry 225 tail with fish, is randomly divided into 3 process groups, namely matched group, Dietary Cadmium pollution group, additive test group, each process group 3 repetition, every cylinder 25 tail fish, average weight is 9.59 ± 0.21g/ tail. Control group fed normal feedstuff, its cadmium level is 0.16mg/kg; Cadmium pollution group feeds adds the feedstuff that Caddy (Cleary) (in cadmium 50mg/kg) is configured in normal feedstuff; Additive test group feeds the feedstuff being configured at embodiment 2 product of the middle interpolation 0.4% of cadmium pollution feedstuff (i.e. cadmium pollution group feedstuff). The normal feedstuff of test is tilapia commodity material (with embodiment 7). Test fish is satiated with food and throws something and feeds, and experimental period is 49d. Measure and calculation growth performance index, after test end of term sampling test terminates, separates liver pancreas and muscle, is used for measuring heavy metal cadmium residual level in liver pancreas Antioxidant Indexes (with embodiment 7) and fish tissues after Dissection test fish. In the smooth water test that carries out for last three days of test, collect feces and breeding water body water sample, measure heavy metal cadmium level. Statistical analysis is with example 7. Time result is in Table 4,5 and 6.
As shown in table 4, in this test, the test end of term weight of Dietary Cadmium pollution group, food ration, rate of body weight gain are all substantially less than matched group and test group (P<0.05), without significant difference (P>0.05) between matched group and additive test group; Without significant difference (P>0.05) between feed coefficient and each process group of mortality rate. Illustrate that in test, the Dietary Cadmium of this dosage can significantly inhibit the growth performance of tilapia, and use the additive product of the present invention can effectively alleviate the Dietary Cadmium suppression to growth.
The liver Antioxidant Indexes of different group tilapias changes in Table 5. Compared with matched group, the SOD activity of Dietary Cadmium pollution group, CAT activity, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC level significantly reduce (P<0.05), MDA level significantly raises (P<0.05), it was shown that in test, the Dietary Cadmium of this dosage substantially induces liver of hybrid tilapia generation oxidative stress; After using the additive of the present invention in the feedstuff of cadmium pollution, its liver Antioxidant Indexes and matched group, close to (P>0.05), illustrate that the oxidation resistance of liver of hybrid tilapia obtains and are obviously improved.
In different group tilapia bodies, cadmium residual condition is in Table 6. Compared with matched group, in the intestinal of Dietary Cadmium pollution group, liver and muscle, cadmium residual level is significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05), and especially the residual level in muscle is higher than national food safety standard pollutants in food limitation (GB2762-2012). The cadmium residual level using each histoorgan of test group of additive of the present invention significantly reduces (P < 0.05), residual level in muscle is limited the quantity lower than national food safety standard pollutants in food, is but still significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05). This be due in this test Dietary Cadmium level significantly high caused by, be about more than 300 times of matched group, fish culture process be generally significantly less than the Dietary Cadmium pollution level of this test. Therefore, apply this additive in practice and may present better effect.
The heavy metal cadmium level of different group tilapia feces and breeding water body is in Table 6. Cadmium level in Dietary Cadmium pollution group tilapia feces and breeding water body is significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05), after employing the additive of the present invention, the cadmium level in test group feces dramatically increases (P < 0.05), and the cadmium level in breeding water body significantly reduces (P < 0.05), illustrate that more cadmium is discharged from feces, cadmium in feces combines stable, will not dissociate and cause secondary pollution.
Growth Op Tilapia performance is affected table by table 4 embodiment 2 product
Liver of hybrid tilapia Antioxidant Indexes is affected table by table 5 embodiment 2 product
| Project | Matched group | Dietary Cadmium pollution group | Additive test group |
| SOD | 93.42±12.94b | 57.55±13.25a | 88.60±14.35b |
| CAT | 49.24±2.79b | 35.80±3.05a | 48.57±4.02b |
| GSH-Px | 31.45±4.78b | 18.25±4.15a | 29.36±3.74b |
| T-AOC | 1.85±0.14b | 1.04±0.28a | 1.74±0.20b |
| MDA | 0.85±0.19a | 1.32±0.11b | 0.91±0.15a |
Table 6 embodiment 2 product on cadmium residual in tilapia body, feces and breeding water body cadmium level affect table
Embodiment 9: compliance test result test (reduces the plumbous effect test with cadmium combined pollution at tilapia body absorption and residual of feedstuff)
Test is tilapia fry 225 tail with fish, is randomly divided into 3 process groups, namely matched group, feedstuff lead cadmium combined pollution group, additive test group, each process group 3 repetition, every cylinder 25 tail fish, average weight is 10.59 ± 0.23g/ tail. Control group fed normal feedstuff, it is plumbous, cadmium level is respectively as follows: 1.45mg/kg and 0.16mg/kg; Feedstuff lead cadmium combined pollution group feeds the feedstuff that interpolation plumbi nitras (in lead 250mg/kg) and Caddy (Cleary) (in cadmium 25mg/kg) are configured in normal feedstuff; Additive test group feeds adds, in plumbous cadmium combined pollution feedstuff (i.e. plumbous cadmium combined pollution group feedstuff), the feedstuff that embodiment 3 product configuration of 2.0% becomes.The normal feedstuff of test is tilapia commodity material (with test one). Test fish is satiated with food and throws something and feeds, and experimental period is 49d. Measure and calculation growth performance index, after test end of term sampling test terminates, liver pancreas and muscle is separated after Dissection test fish, measure and calculation growth performance index, after test end of term sampling test terminates, separate liver pancreas and muscle after Dissection test fish, be used for measuring heavy metal lead and cadmium residual level in liver pancreas Antioxidant Indexes (with test one) and fish tissues. In the smooth water test that carries out for last three days of test, collect feces and breeding water body water sample, measure the level statistic analysis of heavy metal lead and cadmium with example 7.
Result is in Table 7,8 and 9.
As shown in table 7, in this test, the test end of term weight of feedstuff lead cadmium combined pollution group, food ration, rate of body weight gain are all substantially less than matched group and test group (P<0.05), without significant difference (P>0.05) between matched group and additive test group; Without significant difference (P>0.05) between feed coefficient and each process group of mortality rate. The plumbous growth performance that can significantly inhibit tilapia with cadmium combined effect of the feedstuff of this dosage in test is described, and uses the additive of the present invention can effectively alleviate the suppression to growth of feedstuff heavy metal lead and cadmium compound action.
The liver Antioxidant Indexes of different group tilapias changes in Table 8. Compared with matched group, the SOD activity of feedstuff lead cadmium combined pollution group, CAT activity, GSH-Px activity, T-AOC level significantly reduce (P<0.05), MDA level significantly raises (P<0.05), it was shown that in test, the feedstuff of this dosage is plumbous can substantially induce liver of hybrid tilapia generation oxidative stress with cadmium; After using the additive of the present invention in the feedstuff of plumbous cadmium combined pollution, its liver Antioxidant Indexes and matched group, close to (P>0.05), illustrate that the oxidation resistance of liver of hybrid tilapia obtains and are obviously improved.
In different group tilapia bodies, lead and cadmium residual condition are in Table 9. Compared with matched group, in the intestinal of feedstuff lead cadmium combined pollution group, liver and muscle, lead and cadmium residual level are significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05), and especially the residual level in muscle is higher than national food safety standard pollutants in food limitation (GB2762-2012). The lead and the cadmium residual level that use each histoorgan of test group of additive of the present invention significantly reduce (P < 0.05), residual level in muscle is limited the quantity lower than national food safety standard pollutants in food, is but still significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05). This be due in this test, feedstuff is plumbous and cadmium level significantly high caused by, all at more than 150 times of matched group, in fish culture process, be generally significantly less than that this test feed is plumbous and the pollution level of cadmium. Therefore, apply this additive in practice to be likely to show better effect.
The heavy metal lead of different group tilapia feces and breeding water body and cadmium level are in Table 9. Lead and cadmium level in feedstuff lead cadmium combined pollution group tilapia feces and breeding water body are significantly higher than matched group (P < 0.05), after employing the additive of the present invention, the lead in test group feces and cadmium level dramatically increase (P < 0.05), and lead and the cadmium level in breeding water body significantly reduces (P < 0.05), illustrate that more heavy metal lead and cadmium are discharged from feces, lead and cadmium in feces combine stable, will not dissociate and cause secondary pollution.
Growth Op Tilapia performance is affected table by table 7 embodiment 3 product
| Project | Matched group | Plumbous cadmium combined pollution group | Additive test group |
| First starting weight, g/ tail | 10.51±0.37 | 10.66±0.20 | 10.60±0.18 |
| Test end of term weight, g/ tail | 44.56±1.48b | 41.25±1.21a | 44.76±1.31b |
| Food ration, g/ tail | 54.58±2.06b | 50.06±2.03a | 54.21±2.29b |
| Rate of body weight gain, % | 324.0±11.05b | 286.99±12.84a | 321.95±17.46b |
| Feed coefficient | 1.60±0.06 | 1.64±0.11 | 1.59±0.06 |
| Survival rate, % | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Liver of hybrid tilapia Antioxidant Indexes is affected table by table 8 embodiment 3 product
| Project | Matched group | Plumbous cadmium combined pollution group | Additive test group |
| SOD | 85.45±12.43b | 50.53±10.58a | 82.65±13.49b |
| CAT | 45.28±2.52b | 32.89±2.97a | 43.54±3.25b |
| GSH-Px | 27.34±4.51b | 17.52±3.05a | 26.52±3.85b |
| T-AOC | 2.45±0.14b | 1.35±0.25a | 2.54±0.18b |
| MDA | 0.75±0.15a | 1.24±0.09b | 0.71±0.18a |
Table 9 embodiment 3 product on plumbous in tilapia body and cadmium residual, feces and breeding water body are plumbous and cadmium level affect table
Above-mentioned result of the test shows, in tilapia feed, the appropriate mixed feed additive using the present invention, can obviously reduce heavy metal level in intestinal, liver, muscle, breeding water body, increases the discharge of heavy metal in feces, there is no and cause secondary pollution;Liver pancreas oxidation resistance can also be improved, effectively alleviate the heavy metal inhibitory action to growth.
Although above it has been shown and described that embodiments of the invention, it is understandable that, above-described embodiment is illustrative of, being not considered as limiting the invention, above-described embodiment can be changed when without departing from principles of the invention and objective, revises, replace and modification by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. one kind is reduced the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body, it is characterized in that, containing chitosan 200-500 gram, Quercetin 50-300 gram, garlicin 25-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 50-200 gram in its component and every kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
2. described in claim 1, reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body, it is characterized in that, containing chitosan 200-350 gram, Quercetin 100-300 gram, garlicin 50-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 75-200 gram in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
3. described in claim 1, reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body, it is characterized in that, containing chitosan 200-300 gram, Quercetin 150-300 gram, garlicin 75-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 100-200 gram in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
4. described in claim 1, reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body, it is characterized in that, containing chitosan 200-300 gram, Quercetin 225-300 gram, garlicin 112.5-175 gram, alpha-lipoic acid 125-200 gram in described component and every kilogram of feed additive, surplus is carrier.
5. reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described chitosan molecule amount is 10000-200000 dalton, deacetylation more than 85%.
6. reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described carrier is defatted rice bran or flour.
7. described in a claim 1, reduce the mixed feed addictive preparation method that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body, it is characterized in that, will be enabled through the chitosan of 80 mesh sieves, Quercetin, garlicin, alpha-lipoic acid mix with carrier, mix 5-10 minute, the mixing homogeneity coefficient of variation of additive, less than 5%, must reduce the mixed feed additive that feedstuff heavy metal remains in tilapia body.
8. the mixed feed additive that reduction feedstuff heavy metal described in claim 1 remains in tilapia body is for the purposes of compound feed of tilapia.
9. for the purposes of compound feed of tilapia described in claim 8, it is characterised in that the described mixed feed additive 0.2%-4% that addition is feed relative in compound feed of tilapia.
10. for the purposes of compound feed of tilapia described in claim 8, it is characterised in that the described mixed feed additive 0.4%-2% that addition is feed relative in compound feed of tilapia.
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| CN104543404A (en) * | 2015-01-17 | 2015-04-29 | 东北农业大学 | Natural compound feed additive for removing veterinary drug residues |
| CN104543405A (en) * | 2015-01-17 | 2015-04-29 | 东北农业大学 | Poisonous metal residue-removed natural compound feed additive |
| CN104996816A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-10-28 | 郑荣 | Ostrich body heavy metal removing feed additive and production method thereof |
| CN107668327A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-09 | 广州微特加生物工程有限公司 | A kind of application of Quercetin metallo-chelate in animal feed additive |
| CN110463863A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-11-19 | 华南师范大学 | A kind of feeding additive aquatic animal and its application in reduction fresh-water fishes content of beary metal |
| CN113519721A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-10-22 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Composite additive for relieving chronic cadmium stress of river crabs |
| CN114982878A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-09-02 | 湖南德邦生物科技有限公司 | Multifunctional feed additive for reducing cadmium accumulation in aquatic animal and application thereof |
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