CN104145416B - 抽水蓄能电站的电单元 - Google Patents

抽水蓄能电站的电单元 Download PDF

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CN104145416B
CN104145416B CN201380013200.4A CN201380013200A CN104145416B CN 104145416 B CN104145416 B CN 104145416B CN 201380013200 A CN201380013200 A CN 201380013200A CN 104145416 B CN104145416 B CN 104145416B
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CN104145416A (zh
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F.温克勒
G.特拉西勒-萨梅克
S.林德
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Hitachi Energy Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
    • H02P1/52—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H02P25/024—Synchronous motors controlled by supply frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及抽水蓄能电站，尤其是电单元(1)，其包括频率变换器(3)和旋转电同步电机(4)，其中机器设置在洞穴(5)中。频率变换器(3)包括至少两个元件(6，7)，该元件根据机器的运行方式例如在电动机或发电机运行中作为逆变器或整流器使用。在此机器侧元件(6)设置在洞穴(5)的内部并且网络侧元件(7)设置在洞穴(5)的外部。

Description

抽水蓄能电站的电单元
技术领域
本发明涉及抽水蓄能电站，尤其是抽水蓄能电站的电单元，其包括频率变换器和旋转电同步电机，其中机器设置在洞穴中。
背景技术
再生能量源（例如风能和太阳能）供应了在电力需求的不断增加的部分。这个能量源在此包括不连续的运行时间。因此从这个能量源不能确保对用户的电力的直接并且持久供应。对此必须使用能量存储器，该能量存储器允许电力过剩和电力不足之间快速切换并且其功率和能量流动方向可以迅速并且不断地变化。
在此存在不同***作为能量存储器使用，该不同***尤其分别适合用于确定的能量数量和应用情况。对于直至大约20MWh的小能量数量，根据应用，优选使用动力存储器(例如飞轮)，电化学存储器(电池，氧化还原流电池)，或电磁存储器(电容器，超级电容器，超导线圈)。对于直到若干100MWh的中等能量数量，原则上热力学存储器(压缩空气存储器，电热存储器)尤其良好地适合。对于通常超过100MWh并且大多超过1GWh的大能量数量使用泵存储器。
泵存储器或抽水蓄能电站由于大可存储的能量数量尤其感兴趣。在此用过剩电力将水从第一自然或对此人工建设的蓄水池泵送到第二，位置更高的蓄水池。电能量在此转化为势能。为恢复电力水从位置更高的蓄水池通过涡轮机向回传导到更低的蓄水池中。对于这个***，转化过程中的损失的最小化尤其重要。
现代泵存储器具有转速可变的驱动。通过将机器的转速与网络频率耦合可以如此调节泵和涡轮机旋转速度，使得它们在接近最优的有效度上运行。附加地允许泵吸运行中转速的变化，功率容纳自由调整。尤其是具有可变转速的***可以快速从停止状态与网络相连或同步。
根据现有技术的泵存储器具有双供给的异步电机和功率电子变频器，以此实现泵和涡轮机的转速调节。在此双供给的异步电机的定子直接与具有网络频率的电网连接。双供给的异步电机的转子通过变频器与网络连接并且因此可以具有可变频率。因此一方面调节泵功率并且另一方面在需要时可以提高设备的有效度。
在泵存储器的情况下经常规定，机器设备例如涡轮机，泵，电动机-发电机和变压器容纳在例如在岩石中引入的洞穴，凹洞中或在第二蓄水池下面的封闭空间中。其他形式的泵存储器在井的下端设置泵，涡轮机和电动机-发电机，其中其他电站组件例如在地面上在建筑中或同样在井中设置。
这个电站安置是环境的结果，涡轮机必需足够位于在下部蓄水池下面以避免空洞。这出于位置和几何结构原因大多数仅可能，其方式为用于容纳机器设备的机器空间或电站房在地下建立。此外地下的建筑方式防止免受环境影响如例如山崩脱离。此外出于环境或风景保护原因同样经常使用地下建筑方式。
具有双供给的异步电机的这个布置的明显优点在于，用于产生可变转速的***的构件（例如激励器变压器，变频器，极变向器和起动机短路联接器）必需布置在机器的直接环境中。这些构件具有高空间需求，由此显著扩大用于安置的电站房。尤其是在地下建筑方式的情况下（例如在洞穴中）导致建立电站房成本非常高。
在根据现有技术的具有双供给的异步电机的布置中分块变压器同样位于机器的附近。由于高机器电流不可能使用长连接传导，因为这在同时发生有功功率损失的情况下导致高无功功率需求。此外存在机器和变压器之间震荡的危险。分块变压器在此同样需要许多空间并且必需因为***危险必须构建在洞穴的特别保护的部分中。为此经常使用附加洞穴，其容纳仅分块变压器。这导致这样的洞穴的成本的进一步提高。
从此得出，本发明以该任务提出为基础，简化抽水蓄能电站的建立和和维修并且减少与其相关成本。
发明内容
这个任务通过下文所述的抽水蓄能电站的电单元来解决。其他有利的扩展方案也在本申请被给出。具体说，根据本发明的抽水蓄能电站的电单元，其能与电网连接并且包括具有旋转电同步电机的机器空间并且包括频率变换器，其中所述旋转电同步电机能与水涡轮机和/或水泵连接，其中所述频率变换器具有机器侧电元件和网络侧电元件，所述机器侧电元件和所述网络侧电元件彼此连接，以及其中根据旋转电同步机器的运行，所述机器侧电元件和所述网络侧电元件中总是有一个元件能作为整流器运行，而所述机器侧电元件和所述网络侧电元件中的另一个元件能作为逆变器运行，所述机器侧元件设置在所述机器空间内部并且与所述旋转电同步电机的定子连接，并且所述网络侧元件设置在所述机器空间外面并且通过DC连接与所述机器侧元件连接。
在此本发明提出抽水蓄能电站的电单元，其中该电单元可与电网连接。电单元在此包括封闭机器空间（优选洞穴或岩石洞穴），频率变换器和旋转电同步电机，该旋转电同步电机根据机器的运行方式用作电动机或发电机。机器能与水涡轮机和水泵或可逆式泵涡轮机例如机械连接并且设置在蓄水池下面的机器空间中。频率变换器具有两个通过DC或直流电连接电地彼此连接的元件，其中根据机器的运行可分别使用一个元件作为整流器并且一个元件作为逆变器并且其中机器侧元件或倒相器单元INU设置在机器空间的内部中并且网络侧元件或活动整流器单元ARU设置在机器空间的外部。
在本发明的有利的扩展方案中电单元包括分块变压器，该分块变压器设置在机器空间的外面。
在另一有利的实施方式中电单元附加地包括滤波器，该滤波器设置在机器空间的外面。
在另一有利的实施方式中变换器的元件分别可用于以发电机方式电感，以发电机方式电容，以电动机方式电感或以电动机方式电容的运行或另外表明，能够运行有功功率和无功功率的四象限表示的所有四个象限中的变换器的两个元件。
在尤其有利的实施方式中规定，变换器设计为具有例如集中或分布电压中间电路或具有电流中间电路的自换向变流器。
在另外的有利的实施方式中变换器设计成为外换向变流器。
另外的实施方式规定，变换器的元件之间的电连接具有小于0.2%的有功功率损失。
尤其是在地下建筑方式的情况下（例如在岩石洞穴中）建立泵存储器相应地简化了本发明。在此电单元的地点分离不仅节约在挖掘洞穴时的成本而且节省在维修时例如通过洞穴外面的分块变压器的简化的***保护。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征、细节和优点从实施例的描述根据附图给出。
本发明在更多细节中根据下面文本参考优选的实施例根据附图更详细地解释。其示出
图1是具有频率变换器、电同步电机和分块变压器的电单元的示意表示。
附图标记及其意义在附图标记列表中概述。一般来说相同附图标记表示相同部件。
具体实施方式
图1以示意表示示出与电网2连接的电单元1。电单元1在此包括频率变换器3和旋转电同步电机4。在此机器4例如由于地方事实或为保护目的安置在洞穴5中。
频率变换器3包括至少两个元件6，7，该元件根据机器的运行方式例如在电动机或发电机运行中可作为逆变器或整流器使用。在此机器侧元件6设置在洞穴5内和网络侧元件7设置在洞穴5外面。由此这尤其是可能的，因为现代频率变换器例如模块化多级变流器M2LC实现元件6，7彼此分离并且他们没有建立在彼此的紧邻的附近。转速调节以这种方式实现，机器4具有定子，该定子通过具有可调整频率的三相电流供给。
在洞穴5或例如井中容纳电机器和机器侧元件6或频率变换器3的倒相器单元INU。INU用作泵吸模式中的逆变器并且用作涡轮机模式中的整流器。网络侧元件7或频率变换器3的活动整流器单元ARU（其作为泵吸模式中的整流器并且作为涡轮机模式中的逆变器运行）建立在洞穴5外部在到INU几十到若干千米的距离上。在此ARU和INU通过设计作为电压或电流中间电路9的DC连接，彼此连接。
ARU和INU的退耦是可能的，因为在中间电路9上出现时间上仅慢速的电流和电压改变。因此不存在关于较小电感和电容的对传导的特别高的要求，以便压制共振现象。然而中间电路9必须如此铺设，使得通过电阻涂层的有功功率损失保持较小。因为在中间电路9中存在基本上与机器4的端子上相同数量级的电压，出现一般较高的标称电流。这将DC连接的可经济地实现长度限制到最高几千米。
频率变换借助于整流器和逆变器的组合来产生，其通过集中或分布电压中间电路或电流中间电路彼此连接。此外中间电路9和/或频率变换器的元件6，7在此具有用于能量存储的单元例如在电压中间电路的情况下的电容器和在电流中间电路的情况下的电感。
此外本发明实现在洞穴5外部使用分块变压器8。在根据现有技术的***的情况下分块变压器8安置在洞穴5内部，其中由于变压器油的***危险必须设置花费大的***保护并且作为其结果例如分块变压器8安置在附加洞穴中。根据本发明分块变压器8安置在洞穴5的外部。这是有可能的，因为分块变压器8在根据本发明的布置的情况下必须仅位于ARU的附近，而不是机器4的附近。优点在于明显变小的洞穴5，没有用于引入分块变压器8的单独或更多的进出通道，和***保护的较少成本。此外可以使用用于平滑的滤波器，其中该滤波器大多需要许多空间并且在此安置在洞穴外部同样有利的。
在实施方式中频率变换器包括中间电路9尤其是电压中间电路或电流中间电路。中间电路9设置在元件6，7之间并且在此可以设计成集中或分布的。
具有可自由选择的转速的机器的运行具有巨大优势。尤其是在具有频率变换器和同步电机的实施方式的情况下可以使用建立的，可靠的并且低维护的发电机技术。此外存在该可能性，泵和涡轮机彼此无关地在其最优转速范围中运行。通过使用同步电机4尤其是还可在高功率的情况下实现例如高坡度的高转速。此外运行上可达到的转速范围持续从零达到最大转速并且仅由泵和涡轮机的运行上极限限制。泵和涡轮机可以原则上集成到一个单元中例如泵涡轮机。尤其是存在该可能性，翻新旧设备到可变频率运行，而不更换现有发电机。另一优点在于非常快速的网络耦合和频率变换器3的ARU 7中网络2请求的正和负无功功率的产生的可能性。因此发电机可以排外地以有功功率运行，由此发电机具有更紧凑的构建方式。此外通过使用频率变换器3可以快速例如从泵吸运行转换到涡轮机运行。
附图标记列表
1 电单元
2 电网
3 频率变换器
4 电同步电机
5 洞穴
6 机器侧电元件
7 网络侧电元件
8 分块变压器
9 中间电路

Claims (7)

1.一种抽水蓄能电站的电单元(1)，所述电单元能与电网(2)连接，且所述电单元包括具有旋转电同步电机(4)的机器空间(5)并且包括频率变换器(3)，
其中所述旋转电同步电机(4)能与水涡轮机和/或水泵连接，
其中所述频率变换器(3)具有机器侧电元件(6)和网络侧电元件(7)，所述机器侧电元件(6)和所述网络侧电元件(7)彼此连接，以及
其中根据旋转电同步机器(4)的运行，所述机器侧电元件(6)和所述网络侧电元件(7)中总是有一个元件能作为整流器运行，而所述机器侧电元件(6)和所述网络侧电元件(7)中的另一个元件能作为逆变器运行，
其特征在于，
所述机器侧元件(6)设置在所述机器空间(5)内部并且与所述旋转电同步电机(4)的定子连接，并且所述网络侧元件(7)设置在所述机器空间(5)外面并且通过DC连接(9)与所述机器侧元件(6)连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的电单元，其特征在于，所述机器空间(5)是洞穴。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电单元，其特征在于，所述电单元包括设置在所述机器空间(5)外面的分块变压器(8)和/或滤波器。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的电单元，其特征在于，所述频率变换器(3)的机器侧电元件(6)和网络侧电元件(7)能分别用于以发电机方式电感，以发电机方式电容，以电动机方式电感或以电动机方式电容的运行。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的电单元，其特征在于，所述频率变换器(3)被设计为具有电压中间电路或具有电流中间电路的自换向变流器。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的电单元，其特征在于，所述频率变换器(3)被设计为外换向的变流器。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的电单元，其特征在于，所述频率变换器(3)的机器侧电元件(6)和网络侧电元件(7)之间的DC连接(9)具有小于0.2%的有功功率损失。
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