CN104145415A - 用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元的方法 - Google Patents

用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元的方法 Download PDF

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CN104145415A
CN104145415A CN201380013136.XA CN201380013136A CN104145415A CN 104145415 A CN104145415 A CN 104145415A CN 201380013136 A CN201380013136 A CN 201380013136A CN 104145415 A CN104145415 A CN 104145415A
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pump
machine
turbine
electric
frequency
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C-E.斯特普汉
C.肖布
C.希尔伯格
G.特拉西勒-萨梅克
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ABB Technology AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for transformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D19/00—Starting of machines or engines; Regulating, controlling, or safety means in connection therewith
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/06—Stations or aggregates of water-storage type, e.g. comprising a turbine and a pump
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/40—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator
    • H02J3/42—Synchronising a generator for connection to a network or to another generator with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/16—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/46—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor
    • H02P1/52—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting dynamo-electric motors or dynamo-electric converters for starting an individual synchronous motor by progressive increase of frequency of supply to motor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H02P25/024—Synchronous motors controlled by supply frequency
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
    • H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/04—Control effected upon non-electric prime mover and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/08—Control of generator circuit during starting or stopping of driving means, e.g. for initiating excitation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
  • Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
  • Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及抽水蓄能电站，尤其是抽水蓄能电站的电单元(1)包括旋转电同步电机(2)和频率变换器(3)以及用于运行电单元(1)的方法。本发明在此提供用于在抽水蓄能电站的电单元(1)的涡轮机运行中发动的方法。在此该方法规定，使用频率变换器(3)用于发动涡轮机并且电机器(2)的功率例如在发动之后立即输送到电网(6)中。此外提供用于抽水蓄能电站的电单元(1)的泵吸运行中发动的方法。该方法在此规定，使用用于发动泵(5)的频率变换器(3)并且直接从静止并且在例如注水的泵(5)或水柱的负载下发动泵(5)。此外提供用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元(1)的方法。在此该方法规定，电机器(2)与电网(6)的频率同步并且独立于泵(5)或涡轮机(4)的运行状态与电网(6)同步运行并且供应有功功率和无功功率。

Description

用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及抽水蓄能电站，尤其是抽水蓄能电站的电单元，其包括频率变换器和旋转电同步电机以及用于运行电单元的方法。
背景技术
再生能量源（例如风能和太阳能）供应了在电力需求的不断增加的部分。这个能量源在此包括不连续的运行时间。因此从这个能量源不能确保对用户的电力的直接并且持久供应。对此必须使用能量存储器，该能量存储器允许电力过剩和电力不足之间快速切换并且其功率和能量流动方向可以迅速并且不断地变化。
在此存在不同***作为能量存储器使用，该不同***尤其分别适合用于确定的能量数量和应用情况。对于直至大约20MWh的小能量数量，根据应用，优选使用动力存储器(例如飞轮)，电化学存储器(电池，氧化还原流电池)，或电磁存储器(电容器，超级电容器，超导线圈)。对于直到若干100MWh的中等能量数量，原则上热力学存储器(压缩空气存储器，电热存储器)尤其良好地适合。对于通常超过100MWh并且大多超过1GWh的大能量数量使用泵存储器。
泵存储器或抽水蓄能电站由于大可存储的能量数量尤其感兴趣。在此用过剩电力将水从第一自然或对此人工建设的蓄水池泵吸到第二，位置更高的蓄水池。电能量在此转化为势能。为恢复电力水从位置更高的蓄水池通过涡轮机向回传导到更低的蓄水池中。对于这个***，转化过程中的损失的最小化尤其重要。
现代泵存储器具有转速可变的驱动。通过将机器的转速与网络频率耦合可以如此调节泵和涡轮机旋转速度，使得它们在接近最优的有效度上运行。此外允许泵吸运行中转速的变化，功率容纳自由调整。尤其是具有可变转速的***可以快速从停止状态与网络相连或同步。
根据现有技术的泵存储器具有双供给的异步电机和功率电子变频器，以此实现泵和涡轮机的转速调节。因此一方面调节泵功率并且另一方面在需要时可以提高设备的有效度。
在用于泵或涡轮机的转速调节的实施方式中使用同步电机，其定子借助于具有可调频率的三相电流供给。在此频率变换借助于结合整流器和逆变器产生，它们通过电压或者电流中间电流彼此连接。
为运行抽水蓄能电站例如为在涡轮机运行中发动，为在泵吸运行中发动并且为从涡轮机运行转换到泵吸运行或从泵吸运行转换到涡轮机运行需要花费大的方法。
为在涡轮机运行中发动例如首先将水慢速地从蓄水池给到涡轮机以便发动涡轮机。仅当机器的定子电压与电网同步并且具有正确的相位位置时，机器功率可以输送到电网中。
为在泵吸运行中发动例如泵首先排去水。对此经常使用附加的辅助设备。这是必要的，因为在现有技术中没有足够的扭矩以供使用来在负载下发动泵。此外在例如转速固定的同步发电机的情况下还必要的是泵附加地用辅助驱动装置如辅助涡轮机或功率电子起动机来起动。仅当泵在运行中时水从蓄水池离开到泵中并且打开闭锁装置。此外这大大增加泵的负载，因为在水流入时强冲量传递到泵上，由此提高泵部件的磨损。
为转换运行方式（如从涡轮机运行到泵吸运行或从泵吸运行到涡轮机运行）使用例如极柱式开关以便转换电机器中的旋转场的取向。在制造和维护上这是花费大且高成本的。
因此抽水蓄能电站的运行是非常花费大和时间密集的。尤其是对于泵存储器重要的是对电力过剩和电力不足之间的切换要快速反应并且要改变运行模式。
由此得出  本发明以该任务分配为基础 ， 简化抽水蓄能电站的 运行 以及 加速运行切换 。
发明内容
这个任务通过根据权利要求1所述的用于在涡轮机运行中发动的方法，根据权利要求2所述的用于在泵吸运行中发动的方法，根据权利要求3所述的用于运行抽水蓄能电站的方法以及根据权利要求4所述的抽水蓄能电站的电单元来解决。此外从从属权利要求得出有利的扩展方案，其中权利要求的回引不排除其他有意义权利要求组合。
本发明在此提供用于在抽水蓄能电站的电单元的涡轮机运行中发动的方法。抽水蓄能电站包括旋转电同步电机和频率变换器，其中机器可与涡轮机和泵或组合的泵涡轮机相连。此外机器可通过频率变换器与电网相连。该方法在此规定，使用用于发动涡轮机的频率变换器并且电机器的功率例如在发动之后直接输送到电网中。
此外提供用于在抽水蓄能电站的电单元的泵吸运行中发动的方法。抽水蓄能电站包括旋转电同步电机和频率变换器，其中机器可与涡轮机和泵或组合泵涡轮机相连。此外机器可通过频率变换器与电网相连。在此方法规定，使用频率变换器用于发动泵并且泵直接从静止并且在例如注水的泵或水柱的负载下发动。
此外提供用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元的方法。抽水蓄能电站包括旋转电同步电机和频率变换器，其中机器可与涡轮机和泵或组合的泵涡轮机相连。此外机器可通过频率变换器与电网相连。在此方法规定，电机器与泵或涡轮机的运行状态无关地与电网同步运行并且供应有功功率和无功功率。
此外本发明涉及抽水蓄能电站的电单元。抽水蓄能电站包括旋转电同步电机和频率变换器，其中机器可与涡轮机和泵或组合的泵涡轮机相连。此外机器可通过频率变换器与电网相连。
在电单元的有利的扩展方案中规定，频率变换器由至少两个可电连接的元件组成，其中根据机器的运行可分别使用一个元件作为整流器并且一个元件作为逆变器并且频率变换器设计作为具有电压中间电路或具有电流中间电路的自换向变流器。根据机器的运行分别使用一个元件作为整流器并且一个元件作为逆变器，其中机器侧元件还称为倒相器单元（Inverter Unit）INU并且网络侧元件还称为活动整流器单元（Active Rectifier Unit）ARU。
附图说明
本发明的其他特征、细节和优点从权利要求的条文以及从实施例的描述根据附图给出。
本发明在更多细节中根据下面文本参考优选的实施例根据附图更详细地解释。其示出
图l是具有电同步电机和频率变换器的电单元的示意表示。
附图标记及其意义在附图标记列表中概述。一般来说相同附图标记表示相同部件。
具体实施方式
图1在示意表示中示出电单元1，其包括旋转电同步电机2和频率变换器3。在此机器2例如由于本地情况或为了保护放置在洞中。此外机器具有定子，该定子借助于具有可调整的频率的三相电流供给。
在抽水蓄能电厂中具有频率变换器3的机器2的运行允许动态行为的改善，以此可以减小开始，停止和转换时间。
在此本发明提出用于抽水蓄能电站的电单元1的涡轮机运行中的发动的方法。在此该方法规定，使用用于发动涡轮机的频率变换器3并且电机器2的功率例如在发动之后直接输送到电网6中。
在此不需要直到同步运行的等待时间，因为电压网络侧通过频率变换器3始终同步与机器侧生成的电压的频率无关。因此功率可立即输送到电网6中。在开始期间不产生用于开始和运行之间机器的同步的暂停如根据现有技术的解决方案。
此外提供用于抽水蓄能电站的电单元1的泵吸运行中的发动的方法。该方法在此规定，使用用于发动泵5的频率变换器3并且泵5直接从静止并且在例如注水的泵或水柱的负载下发动。
频率变换器3可以对泵5供给足够扭矩以便直接从静止无需泵5以前的排水来发动。泵5可以没有延迟地立即运行并且无需大花费来实现发动。例如从电网6得到的功率可以斜坡形上升并且不需要用于同步的供应的中断。
此外提供用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元1的方法。在此方法规定，电机器2电网6的频率同步并且与泵5或涡轮机4的运行状态无关地与电网6同步运行并且提供有功功率和无功功率。
用于发动和转换运行的方法通过使用频率变换器3明显比现有技术更快。此外在电单元1中在频率变换器3和机器2之间不设置附加的变压器，由此与现有技术相比该方法可以额外地加速。
例如在组合泵5和涡轮机4如泵涡轮机的情况下频率变换器3用于转换机器2的旋转场的旋转方向。因此根据现有技术的极换向开关不再需要。频率变换器3确保，电站在转换过程期间总是在电网6上并因此保持同步。因此可能的是，控制转换时间和功率斜度。因此在总转速范围上机器2可以如此供给，逆转通过机器2的扭矩支持。此外而且当在泵涡轮机的情况下水柱必须来到停止状态时泵吸和涡轮机操作之间的转换可以非常快速地实现，因为重力附加地约束水柱。频率变换器3并因此还有机器2必须在这个过程中不与网络分离。对于从涡轮机操作到泵吸的转换水柱必须机械制动。因此频率变换器3和机器2保留与电网6相连。
此外用于连接电网6的分区变压器的磁化可以通过频率变换器3发生用于无振动开动。
频率变换器3包括例如两个元件，该元件根据机器的运行方式例如在发动机或发电机运行中可作为逆变器或整流器使用。转速调节以这种方式实现，机器2包括定子，该定子借助于三相电流用可调整频率供给。频率变换器3的机器侧元件或倒相器单元INU作为逆变器在泵模式中并且作为整流器在涡轮机模式中运行。频率变换器3的网络侧元件或活动整流器单元ARU作为整流器在泵模式中并且作为逆变器在涡轮机模式中运行。
频率变形借助于整流器和逆变器的组合产生，其通过集中或分布的电压中间电路或电流中间电路彼此相连。此外中间电路在此具有用于能量存储的单元例如在电压中间电路的情况下的电容器和在电流中间电路情况下的电感。中间电路设置在元件之间并且在此可以设计成集中或分布的。
具有可自由选择的转速的机器的运行具有大量的好处，尤其是在具有频率变换器和同步电机的实施方式的情况下可以使用建立的可靠的并且低维护的发电机技术。此外存在该可能性，泵5和涡轮机4彼此无关地在其最优转速范围中运行。通过使用同步电机2尤其是还可在高功率的情况下实现例如用于高落差的高转速。此外运行上可达到的转速范围连续从零达到最大转速并且仅由泵5和涡轮机4的运行上的极限限制。
尤其是存在翻新旧设备在可变频率运行，而无需替换现存发电机的可能性。进一步的优点在于非常快速的网络耦合和在频率变换器3中产生正和负无功功率的可能性，因此发电机可以排他地以有功功率运行，由此发电机具有更紧凑的结构型式。
附图标记列表
1 电单元
2 机器
3 频率变换器
4 涡轮机
5 泵
6 电网

Claims (4)

1. 一种用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元(1)的方法，其中所述电单元(1)包括旋转电同步电机(2)和频率变换器(3)，其中变换器(3)与机器(2)的定子相连，并且其中所述机器(2)与涡轮机(4)相连并且通过所述频率变换器(3)与电网(6)相连，所述方法包括下列步骤:
通过由所述变换器(3)在将在所述涡轮机(4)的总转速范围中的机器(2)的频率持续变换成所述电网(6)的频率的情况下产生所述电网(6)中的电流，从而从静止发动所述涡轮机(4)。
2. 一种用于运行抽水蓄能电站的电单元(1)的方法，其中所述电单元(1)具有旋转电同步电机(2)和频率变换器(3)，其中所述变换器(3)与所述机器(2)的定子相连，并且其中机器(2)与泵(5)相连并且通过所述频率变换器(3)与电网(6)相连，包括下列步骤:
通过由所述变换器(3)在将在电网（6）的频率持续变换成泵(5)的总转速范围中的电机器（2）的频率的情况下产生所述机器(2)的定子中的电流，从而从静止发动泵(5)。
3. 一种用于将运行模式从泵吸运行转换成涡轮机运行或从涡轮机运行转换成抽水蓄能电站的电单元(1)的泵吸运行的方法
其中所述电单元(1)包括旋转电同步电机(2)和频率变换器(3)，
其中所述变换器与机器(2)的定子相连，并且其中机器(2)与泵(5)相连并且通过所述频率变换器(3)与电网(6)相连，
包括下列步骤:
a.通过取决于在泵(5)或涡轮机(6)的每个运行状态中具有电网(6)的频率的机器(2)的转速由变换器(3)持续变换电机器(2)的频率，从泵吸运行转换到涡轮机运行。
4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，泵(5)和涡轮机(4)的功能集成在可逆式泵涡轮机中。
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