CN104138918A - Composite mold for circulation extrusion on continuous variable cross section and operation method of composite mold - Google Patents
Composite mold for circulation extrusion on continuous variable cross section and operation method of composite mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN104138918A CN104138918A CN201410299685.4A CN201410299685A CN104138918A CN 104138918 A CN104138918 A CN 104138918A CN 201410299685 A CN201410299685 A CN 201410299685A CN 104138918 A CN104138918 A CN 104138918A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite mold for circulation extrusion on a continuous variable cross section and an operation method of the composite mold. The composite mold comprises an upper mold, a lower combined mold and a working table, wherein the lower combined mold consists of a conical mold which is divided into two halves and a mold sleeve in match with the conical mold; the conical mold is arranged in an inverted circular truncated cone shaped conical hole in the mold sleeve and is matched with the conical surface of the mold sleeve; a mold chamber is formed in the conical mold along an axis; a first column hole is formed in the upper part of the mold chamber; an inverted circular truncated cone hole is formed in the middle of the mold chamber; a second column hole is formed in the lower part of the mold chamber; the diameter of the first column hole is equal to the diameter of the large end of the inverted circular truncated cone hole; the diameter of the second column hole is equal to that of the small end of the inverted circular truncated cone hole; a guide hole is formed in the center of the upper mold; an extrusion rod penetrates through the guide hole and stretches into the first column hole. When the mold is used for extrusion, a material does not flow along seams between the upper mold and the lower mold, no burr is generated, and the utilization rate of the material is improved; the mold and the material can be easily separated, and the operation is simple and convenient; in thermal extrusion, only the conical mold needs to be heated, so that the strength of the mold is improved, and the cost of the mold is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Metal Forming field, particularly composite die and method of operating thereof for a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion.
Background technology
Severe Plastic Deformation Methods has strong grain refining capability, material inside organization can be refine to sub-micron and even nanoscale, and it is the most promising method of preparing block nanometer and super fine crystal material that Yi Bei material supply section educational circles is known as.
The large plastometric set method that is subject at present material supply section educational circles extensive concern mainly contains Equal-channel Angular Pressing (ECAP), high pressure torsion (HPT), reciprocating extrusion (CEC), high ratio extrusion (extrusion ratio is more than 100) etc., in laboratory research, prepares extensive use in grained material.The method of adopt forging in industrial production, make material repeatedly jumping-up-pulling also can play the effect of crystal grain thinning.And Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion method (continuous variable cross-section recycled extrusion, CVCE) is to propose recent years, it is characterized in that: (1) can prepare large specification block grained material; (2) die cost is low, simple to operate; (3) cydariform, the unstability that while having overcome traditional jumping-up during jumping-up, have occurred; (4) efficiency is high, quality is good etc.Therefore at aspects such as preparing fine aluminium, magnesium alloy, titanium alloy, some researchs have been carried out.Adopting CVCE to push after 8 circulations as cast condition fine aluminium 1A85, average grain size reaches 750nm.When adopting CVCE to carry out cycle extrusion to AZ31 magnesium alloy, discovery is after 16 circulations, and average grain size effectively refine to 5.5 μ m by being out of shape front 25.3 μ m.When adopting CVCE to push TC4 titanium alloy, find that crystal grain is refined to 2～3 μ m from 15 μ m after 6 circulations of extruding.
When in adopting patent of invention ZL200610041960.8, the Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion device shown in Fig. 1 is out of shape material, find:
(1) tapering due to the extrusion die conical surface extends to lower surface from the upper surface of counterdie 2 always, and when cylinder is put into the die cavity of extrusion die, cylinder sample is all arranged in patrix 1.When cylinder sample enters counterdie 2 under the effect of pressure ram 4, owing to there is no locking device between upper and lower mould, may make pressure ram 4 and test portion 3 can not enter counterdie nib, affect carrying out smoothly of extrusion process; In addition, when cylinder test portion enters counterdie die cavity 2 from patrix die cavity 1, metal is in strong three-dimensional compressive stress state, and to be configured as the Rotary-table with certain cone angle by cylinder at the die cavity intersection of patrix 1 and counterdie 2, be the position of deformation extent maximum, so the resistance of metal flow is maximum; Comparatively speaking, between upper and lower mould, the metal flow resistance at place, (1 and 2) gap is less.According to law of minimum resistance, during extruding, metal not only can longitudinally flow along the direction of principal stress maximum, and can carry out Radial Flow along the gap of (1 and 2) between upper and lower mould, makes it be configured as one and is with deckle-edged Continuous Variable Cross-section sample.When follow-up jumping-up, for sample being put into smoothly to the die cavity of jumping-up counterdie (12), also need its burr to polish and removed, this has just increased the non-cutting time of distortion and the loss that has increased material; In addition, the material of hot extrusion is polished and can be caused temperature to reduce after burr, be out of shape and must carry out the heating of long period in the temperature of setting, and can cause the crystal grain after refinement to be grown up to some extent, has reduced refinement efficiency and the thinning effect of material.
(2) counterdie in extrusion die 2 is overall structures, when hot extrusion, need heat whole counterdie.Therefore, monoblock counterdie all needs to adopt heat-resisting high-temperature material, and die cost is high.
(3) when the extruding of cylinder sample is Continuous Variable Cross-section sample, adopt a thin bar that is less than cone top diameter to be ejected and while making mould material separated, difficulty is larger, and some intensity are even prone to knock-pin is pressed into material and the phenomenon that forms load mould compared with low material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide composite die and method of operating thereof for a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion, the defect existing to overcome existing Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion deformation device.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die, comprises patrix, combined down molds and workbench; Combined down molds is comprised of prod cast and die sleeve with matching in two; Prod cast is arranged in the reverse frustoconic taper hole of die sleeve, and with die sleeve cone match; Prod cast is provided with die cavity along axis, and die cavity upper design becomes the first cylindrical hole, and middle part is inverted round stage hole, and bottom is the second cylindrical hole; The diameter of the first cylindrical hole equals the diameter of the large end in inverted round stage hole, and the diameter of the second cylindrical hole equals the diameter of inverted round stage hole small end; Combined down molds is arranged on workbench, and patrix is arranged at combined down molds upper end; Patrix center is provided with pilot hole, and pressure ram stretches in described the first cylindrical hole through described pilot hole.
Preferably, counterdie is composite structure, prod cast and die sleeve two parts, consists of; When hot extrusion, only need prod cast to heat, and die sleeve does not need heating.Therefore, during hot extrusion, only prod cast need to be selected exotic material, and die sleeve only need be selected common material, thereby not only guarantees mould strength but also reduce die cost.
Preferably, prod cast, along axis dimidiation, is easy to mould material separated, easy and simple to handle.
Preferably, workbench is provided with through hole, in this through hole, is provided with knock-pin, and the upper surface of knock-pin is concordant with the end face of workbench; Knock-pin and prod cast coaxially arrange, and the diameter of knock-pin is less than the diameter of prod cast lower end, are greater than the diameter of the second cylindrical hole.
Preferably, be provided with a pair of boss cooperatively interacting and groove between patrix and combined down molds, this when the extruding, be convenient to patrix and combined down molds centering, and patrix has guide effect to test portion and pressure ram to boss and groove, guarantees that extrusion process carries out smoothly.
Preferably, during extruding, cylindric sample to be extruded is positioned at the first cylindrical hole completely, is at airtight die cavity internal shaping, and axial principal stress is maximum principal stress, so material only flows vertically, can not produce burr.
Preferably, the diameter of pressure ram is than the little 0.5mm of the internal diameter of the pilot hole of patrix.
Preferably, knock-pin diameter is than the little 4mm of prod cast bottom surface diameter.
The method of operating of composite die for Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion, comprises the following steps:
The 1st step, first the prod cast of extrusion die and cylinder sample are heated respectively, then prod cast and die sleeve are combined, subsequently cylinder sample is taken out in heating furnace to the first cylindrical hole of putting into combined down molds die cavity, place it on workbench afterwards, and alignd with the knock-pin on workbench in the lower end of prod cast; Then extruding patrix is coordinated with combined down molds, then put into pressure ram; The descending pressurization of pressure ram is pushed the cylinder sample being positioned in advance in combined down molds die cavity, under the effect of pressure, the inverted round stage hole that material enters combination prod cast is configured as the Continuous Variable Cross-section sample (Rotary-table) with tapering, and crimp finishes; Then first take down pressure ram, then remove patrix, make subsequently knock-pin up, under the effect of pressure, prod cast and sample are ejected, along with the increase of ejection stroke, prod cast in two, takes out Continuous Variable Cross-section sample; Then sample is put into heating furnace and heat, again two halves prod cast is put into another heating furnace subsequently and heat;
The 2nd step, by the little jumping-up that head-up carries out of sample after extruding, obtains cylinder sample; Record cylinder sample and be out of shape big or small direction, put into afterwards heating furnace heating;
The 3rd step is taken out sample from heating furnace, and one end that in the 1st step, deflection is little is first inserted in the combined down molds die cavity of extrusion die, repeats the action of the 1st step and pushes;
The 4th step, repeats the action of the 2nd step, and the sample after extruding is upset as to cylinder, has realized 1 distortion circulation after this step completes;
Repeating step 1～4 carries out several distortion circulations.
With respect to prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
While 1, pushing, material can not flow along the gap between upper die and lower die, does not produce burr, improves stock utilization.
2, after extruding, be easy to the separation of mould material, easy and simple to handle;
3, only need prod cast to heat during hot extrusion, improved the intensity of mould, reduced the cost of mould.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is for becoming material the schematic diagram of Continuous Variable Cross-section sample from cylinder crimp;
Fig. 2 is for to be upset as cylindrical schematic diagram by Continuous Variable Cross-section sample;
Fig. 3 is the enlarged diagram of prod cast in Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Refer to shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, when a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion of the present invention composite die is extrusion die, comprise patrix 1 and combined down molds; Combined down molds is comprised of prod cast 2 and die sleeve with matching 3 in two.Prod cast 2 is arranged in the reverse frustoconic taper hole 30 of die sleeve 3, and with die sleeve 3 cone match.When heating, only prod cast 2 is heated, die sleeve 3 does not heat, and has improved intensity and the life-span of mould, has reduced die cost.
Prod cast 2 is provided with die cavity along axis, and die cavity upper design becomes the first cylindrical hole 21, and middle part is inverted round stage hole 22, and bottom is the second cylindrical hole 23; The diameter of the first cylindrical hole 21 equals the diameter of inverted round stage hole 22 large ends, and the diameter of the second cylindrical hole 23 equals the diameter of inverted round stage hole 22 small ends; Make that cylinder sample 4 is whole to be put into after mould, be all positioned at the first cylindrical hole 21, during extruding, sample 4 can not flow along the gap between upper and lower mould, does not produce burr, improves stock utilization.
Prod cast 2, along axis dimidiation, after cylinder sample 4 extrusion moldings are Continuous Variable Cross-section sample, separately takes out sample 4 after employing knock-pin 6 ejects prod cast 2, is easy to mould material separated.Bottom second cylindrical hole 23 of prod cast 2 is when solving when adopting push rod 6 that prod cast 2 is ejected but failing to make mould material separated, adopts little push rod to head into that bottom the second cylindrical hole 23 is interior will expect taking-up.
Combined down molds is arranged on workbench 7, and workbench is provided with through hole, is provided with knock-pin 6 in this through hole, and the upper surface of knock-pin 6 is concordant with the end face of workbench 7; Knock-pin 6 coaxially arranges with prod cast 2, and the diameter of knock-pin 6 is less than the diameter of prod cast 2 lower ends, is greater than the diameter of the second cylindrical hole 23, can when the demoulding, prod cast 2 be ejected from die sleeve 3.
Between patrix 1 and combined down molds, be provided with a pair of boss cooperatively interacting and groove, during extruding, be convenient to patrix and combined down molds centering, and patrix have guide effect to test portion and pressure ram, guarantee carrying out smoothly of extrusion process.
A kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion of the present invention composite die, the heat time of saving mould material disengaging time and blank, improves material refinement efficiency and thinning effect.
Heading die comprises patrix 11 and counterdie 12, pressure ram 14.The die cavity of the die cavity of extrusion die patrix 1 and the patrix of heading die 11 is the consistent through hole of diameter, and the prod cast die cavity of extrusion die counterdie 12 is that two ends are cylindrical sections of straight line, and centre is inverted round stage hole section.
The method of operating of composite die for a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
The 1st step (referring to Fig. 1), first the prod cast of extrusion die 2 and sample 4 are heated respectively, meet after desired temperature and time, prod cast 2 and die sleeve 3 are combined, subsequently cylinder sample 4 is taken out in heating furnace to the top cylindrical section of putting into combined down molds die cavity, place it in afterwards on workbench 7, and alignd with the knock-pin 6 on workbench 7 in the lower end of prod cast 2; Then extruding patrix 1 is coordinated with combined down molds, then put into pressure ram 5.The descending pressurization of pressure ram is pushed the cylinder sample 4 being positioned in advance in combined down molds die cavity, and under the effect of pressure, the inverted round stage hole 22 that material enters prod cast 2 is configured as the Continuous Variable Cross-section sample with tapering, and crimp finishes.Then first take down pressure ram 4, then remove patrix 1, make subsequently knock-pin 6 up, under the effect of pressure, prod cast 2 and sample 4 are ejected, along with the increase of ejection stroke, prod cast in two, takes out sample 4, obtains Continuous Variable Cross-section sample 13.Then Continuous Variable Cross-section sample is heated, and two halves prod cast 2 is put into another heating furnace and heat.
The 2nd step (referring to Fig. 2), jumping-up patrix 11 and jumping-up counterdie 12 are assembled, be positioned on jumping-up workbench 15, then head-up little by the Continuous Variable Cross-section sample after the 1st step heating, put into the heading die die cavity of assembling, put into afterwards jumping-up pressure ram 14, the descending pressurization of jumping-up pressure ram 14 is pushed the Continuous Variable Cross-section sample 13 being positioned in advance in heading die die cavity, under the effect of pressure, Continuous Variable Cross-section sample is deformed into cylinder sample.Then with pressure ram 14, cylinder sample is ejected from counterdie 12, recorded cylinder sample and be out of shape big or small direction, put into afterwards heating furnace heating, finally remove heading die.
The 3rd step is taken out sample from heating furnace, and one end that in the 1st step, deflection is little is first inserted in the combined down molds die cavity of extrusion die, repeats the action of the 1st step and pushes;
The 4th step, repeats the action of the 2nd step, and the sample after extruding is upset as to cylinder, has realized 1 distortion circulation after this step completes;
Repeating step 1～4 carries out several distortion circulations, just can make material obtain large plastic deformation, prepares the blank of block grained material, then carries out deep processing, makes the parts of required shape and size.
The design principle of die size and material shape size
First as required determine Continuous Variable Cross-section specimen size, the plasticity of this Main Basis material and determining.Material is when thermal deformation, and the height of Continuous Variable Cross-section sample is obtained larger relatively, to improve refinement efficiency and the thinning effect of material.
Extrusion die combined down molds die cavity starts consistent with Continuous Variable Cross-section specimen size down from straightway lower surface, and tapering still will be to downward-extension, and the tapering Partial Height of prod cast will be higher than the height of Continuous Variable Cross-section sample.The large nib internal diameter of extrusion die patrix and the Continuous Variable Cross-section sample diameter of going to the bottom is consistent.According to volume, equate, just can calculate cylindrical height by the stereometer of Continuous Variable Cross-section sample.The straightway height of the prod cast 2 of the combined down molds of extrusion die just can be determined (than the high 5mm of cylinder sample left and right, so that pressure ram 5 is played to guide effect and protective effect) like this.The size of patrix nib is identical with cylinder specimen finish, and height design is 30mm left and right (extruding patrix just plays guide effect, not a holding capacity to pressure ram).For fear of friction, the diameter of pressure ram is than the little 0.5mm of nib internal diameter of patrix, and knock-pin diameter is than the little 4mm of prod cast bottom surface (one end that diameter is less) diameter.
Claims (8)
1. a Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die, is characterized in that, comprises patrix (1), combined down molds and workbench; Combined down molds is comprised of prod cast (2) and die sleeve with matching (3) in two; Prod cast (2) is arranged in the reverse frustoconic taper hole (30) of die sleeve (3), and with die sleeve (3) cone match;
Prod cast (2) is provided with die cavity along axis, and die cavity upper design becomes the first cylindrical hole (21), and middle part is inverted round stage hole (22), and bottom is the second cylindrical hole (23); The diameter of the first cylindrical hole (21) equals the diameter of the large end in inverted round stage hole (22), and the diameter of the second cylindrical hole (23) equals the diameter of inverted round stage hole (22) small end;
Combined down molds is arranged on workbench, and patrix (1) is arranged at combined down molds upper end; Patrix (1) center is provided with pilot hole, and pressure ram (5) stretches in described the first cylindrical hole (21) through described pilot hole.
2. a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die according to claim 1, is characterized in that, prod cast (2) is along axis dimidiation.
3. a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die according to claim 1, is characterized in that, workbench is provided with through hole, is provided with knock-pin (6) in this through hole, and the upper surface of knock-pin (6) is concordant with the end face of workbench; Knock-pin (6) coaxially arranges with prod cast (2), and the diameter of knock-pin (6) is less than the diameter of prod cast (2) lower end, is greater than the diameter of the second cylindrical hole (23).
4. a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, between patrix (1) and combined down molds, be provided with a pair of boss cooperatively interacting and groove, this to boss and groove when the extruding, be convenient to patrix (1) and combined down molds (2) centering, and patrix (1) there is guide effect to sample (4) and pressure ram (5).
5. a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during extruding, cylindric sample to be extruded (4) is positioned at the first cylindrical hole (21) completely.
6. a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the diameter of pressure ram is than the little 0.5mm of the internal diameter of the pilot hole of patrix.
7. a kind of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion composite die according to claim 1, is characterized in that, knock-pin diameter is than the little 4mm of prod cast bottom surface diameter.
8. the method for operating of Continuous Variable Cross-section cycle extrusion use composite die described in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The 1st step, first the prod cast of extrusion die (2) and cylinder sample (4) are heated respectively, then prod cast (2) and die sleeve (3) are combined, subsequently cylinder sample (4) is taken out in heating furnace to the first cylindrical hole (21) of putting into combined down molds die cavity, place it on workbench afterwards, and alignd with the knock-pin (6) on workbench in the lower end of prod cast (2); Then will push patrix (1) and coordinate with combined down molds, then put into pressure ram (5); The descending pressurization of pressure ram is pushed the cylinder sample (4) being positioned in advance in combined down molds die cavity, under the effect of pressure, the inverted round stage hole (22) that material enters combination prod cast (2) is configured as the Continuous Variable Cross-section sample with tapering, and crimp finishes; Then first take down pressure ram (5), then remove patrix (1), make subsequently knock-pin (6) up, under the effect of pressure, prod cast (2) and sample are ejected, along with the increase of ejection stroke, prod cast in two, take out sample, obtain Continuous Variable Cross-section sample; Then Continuous Variable Cross-section sample is heated, again two halves prod cast (2) is put into another heating furnace subsequently and heat;
The 2nd step, then by the little jumping-up that head-up carries out of Continuous Variable Cross-section sample after extruding, obtains cylinder sample; Record the big or small direction of cylinder sample distortion, put into afterwards heating furnace heating;
The 3rd step is taken out sample from heating furnace, and the little one end of deflection is first inserted in the combined down molds die cavity of extrusion die, repeats the action of the 1st step and pushes;
The 4th step, repeats the action of the 2nd step, and the sample after extruding is upset as to cylinder, has realized 1 distortion circulation after this step completes;
Repeating step 1～4 carries out several distortion circulations.
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