CN104131808A - Device for positioning and detecting accident well on basis of transient electromagnetic method - Google Patents
Device for positioning and detecting accident well on basis of transient electromagnetic method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device for positioning and detecting an accident well on the basis of a transient electromagnetic method. The device comprises a relief well and the accident well, an emitting electrode and a micro inertial measurement unit combination are arranged on a drill collar in the relief well at an interval, the micro inertial measurement unit combination comprises a three-axis flux-gate sensor, a gravity accelerometer and an underground receiving unit, the emitting electrode is connected with a high-power pulse generation circuit through a cable, the micro inertial measurement unit combination is sequentially connected with a ground receiving unit and a high-power power supply through cables, the high-power power supply can provide power for the high-power pulse generation circuit and the ground receiving unit, the emitting electrode receives current signals and generates a primary field, the primary field motivates an accident well sleeve to generate a secondary field, and signals received by the three-axis flux-gate sensor and the gravity accelerometer are transmitted to and processed in the underground receiving unit and are uploaded to the ground receiving unit. The device can be widely used in the processes of rescuing and detecting in the accident well, grade assessing of an accident and formulating of rescue schemes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil exploitation safety convenience instrument, particularly about a kind of device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well that can be used for accident well rescue detection, incident classification evaluation and rescue method formulation.
Background technology
At sea with land drilling well in, the Oil/gas Well that gas blowout accident occurs is called accident well.In order to process accident well, near need to be accident well safety zone, makes the directional well being communicated with accident well flatly, and this mouthful of directional well is called relief well.In world oil probing; the accident of blowout out of control often has generation; for example; in December, 2010, " Deepwater Horizontal (deep water ground line) " the deepwater drilling platform in the Gulf of Mexico caused the crude oil leakage of oil event that the Gulf of Mexico reaches the deep sea drilling of several months; serious petroleum resources waste and marine environmental pollution event have been caused; therefore; carry out the research to accident well technology; not only can effectively avoid the serious accident in oil drilling, and also there is positive role aspect the minimizing wasting of resources and protection of the environment.
Abroad to the detection study of the accident well time of existing decades, and at society of petroleum engineers (SPE, SPE) on, deliver the article of too much piece of writing relief well magnetic detection location accident well, for example, " Kuckes A F (Kukes), Nekut A G (Ni Kute), et al.An electromagnetic survey method for directionally drilling a relief well into a blown out oil or gas well[J] (research of relief well directed drilling method for electromagnetically measuring) " and " Hoehn Jr G L (He En) .Method for directionally drilling a first well to intersect a second well (intercommunication by directional drilling technology): U.S.Patent4, 458, 767[P] .1984-7-10 " etc.In business application, also there is correlation detection technology to carry out patent registration.Domestic at the early-stage to the detection study of accident well, the researcher of Chinese Petroleum Univ. has carried out the theoretic discussion in early stage in " A method for the detection of the distance & orientation of the relief well to a blowout well in offshore drilling (method of measuring in coastal waters relief well drilling well detection range and orientation) .Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences (engineering science modeling) .2012.89 (1): 39 – 56 " to the Detection Techniques of accident well, but its work of doing is only also that external correlation theory is verified.
Generally speaking, the Detection Techniques of accident well can be divided into active and two kinds of detection types of passive type.Wherein, passive detection technology comprises two kinds of situations: a kind of is to utilize the magnetic characteristic of drill collar and sleeve pipe itself in accident well to survey, and detection range is generally within 30 meters; Another kind is to utilize the drill collar of accident well and sleeve pipe itself to survey the interference in earth's magnetic field, and typical detection range is 13 meters.The active Detection Techniques of abroad taking comprise following four kinds of situations: 1, the sleeve pipe of producing well just magnetized and adds high-intensity magnetic field before going into the well, to accident well is surveyed, this scheme can improve detection range and the directional bearing precision of magnetic detection, but this is only a kind of supplementary means.2, sound source is installed in advance in producing well, to accident well is surveyed, this scheme need to do extra work to the probing of every mouthful of producing well, and the scope of not only complex procedures, and acoustic detection is also relatively limited.3, in the drilling process of relief well land, by the loop line transmission of electromagnetic signals of ground configuration, the relative distance between detection accident well and relief well and orientation, but this scheme need near operation accident well, the restriction that therefore can be applied.4, in relief well drilling process, drill collar is mentioned, with open-hole logging instrument, survey, repeatedly carry out the alternation procedure of drilling well and well logging, wherein, the open-hole logging method adopting is will detection accident casing electrical resistivity property, and detection range is 30 meters, and this scheme does not adopt state-of-the-art resistivity open-hole logging measure, in detection process, can not realize continuously and survey probing, operating efficiency is relatively low.
At present, the distance orientation of humorous electromagnetic signal detection accident well when existing magnetic detection technology all adopts, for guaranteeing certain detection range, the frequency of its signal can not be too high, and the lower meeting of electromagnetic signal frequency causes the decline of detection accuracy.Thereby, the electromagnetic signal of humorous signal during employing, the precision of directional bearing and detection range be restriction to some extent all.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of operating efficiency high, can carry out the device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well of accurately surveying to remote accident well.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well, it is characterized in that: it comprises relief well and accident well, a spaced emission electrode and mini inertia measurement unit combination on drill collar in described relief well, described emission electrode is that the transmitting consisting of multiturn coil encircles, and described mini inertia measurement unit combination comprises three axis fluxgate sensors, acceleration of gravity meter and down-hole receiving element; Described emission electrode produces circuit by cable and highpowerpulse and is connected, described mini inertia measurement unit combination is connected with large power supply with ground receiving element successively by described cable, and described highpowerpulse produces circuit and described ground receiving element is powered by described large power supply; Described down-hole receiving element and described ground receiving element form transient electromagnetic detecting instrument receiving circuit; Described emission electrode receives the current signal being produced by described great-power electromagnetic pulse-generating circuit and produces primary field; Under described primary field excitation, on described accident casing, produce secondary field; Described three axis fluxgate sensors receive described primary field and secondary field signal, the acceleration signal that described acceleration of gravity meter detects receiving element present position, described down-hole transfers to described down-hole receiving element process after, through described cable, downhole data is uploaded to described ground receiving element.
Described down-hole receiving element comprises power module, real-time clock, signal disposal and analysis module, PIC single-chip microcomputer and EBI; Described signal disposal and analysis module comprises amplifying circuit, low-pass filter circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit; Signal disposal and analysis module is by after the acceleration of gravity meter measuring-signal receiving and the processing of three axis fluxgate measuring-signals, carry out analog-to-digital conversion and obtain downhole data transmission to described PIC single-chip microcomputer, described PIC single-chip microcomputer carries out the downhole data receiving after Manchester's code, by described EBI, by described cable, is uploaded to described ground receiving element; Described real-time clock is to described PIC single-chip microcomputer transmit clock signal.
Described ground receiving element comprises power module, real-time clock, PIC single-chip microcomputer, serial ports, host computer and EBI; Described EBI carries out manchester decoder by the downhole data transmission receiving to described PIC single-chip microcomputer, and decoded data are uploaded to described host computer by described serial ports; Described real-time clock is to described PIC single-chip microcomputer input clock signal.
The preferred model of described PIC single-chip microcomputer is PIC18F46K80, and described EBI is 1153 EBIs preferably.
Between the combination of described emission electrode and described mini inertia measurement unit, be spaced apart 30m.
The present invention is owing to taking above technical scheme, it has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is owing to having adopted transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well, can when remote, to accident well, carry out summary apart from orientation detection, closely time, accident well is realized to accurate distance orientation detection, compare the single detective index of humorous signal when existing, improved significantly far and near detectivity.2, the present invention, owing to having introduced transient electromagnetic method, has realized larger detection range and higher certainty of measurement, has guaranteed the accuracy of measurement result.3, the present invention, owing to implementing excitation and survey in relief well simultaneously, positions accident well with the working method with boring, and has avoided pulling out of hole frequently operation, can effectively reduce and remove drill collar number of times, has improved the operating efficiency of relief well.4, the present invention have simple in structure, precision is high, low cost and other advantages, can be widely used in that accident well rescue is surveyed, in incident classification evaluation and rescue method formulation process.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is connection diagram of the present invention
Fig. 3 is transient electromagnetic detecting instrument receiving circuit figure of the present invention
Fig. 4 is great-power electromagnetic pulse-generating circuit figure of the present invention
Fig. 5 is method flow diagram of the present invention
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Transient electromagnetic method also claims TDEM (Transient Electromagnetic Methods), be abbreviated as TEM, be a kind of time-domain artificial source's detection method being based upon on electromagnetic induction principle basis, its mathematical physics basis is the vortex field problem that conducting medium causes under the excitation field changing excites.In the relief well course of work, the output current wave of emission electrode is generally periodic pulse train, common are square wave, trapezoidal wave and triangular wave etc.Emission current can produce induced field and electric current on the sleeve pipe of accident well.Because periodic pulse current is synthesized by multi-frequency on frequency domain, and the spread speed of different frequency composition in stratum is different, thereby investigation depth is also just different, so the main frequency composition observing in different delayed time situation is different, do not sampling in the same time, then the secondary field each harmonic excitation collecting being got up stacks up, and can detect the distance and bearing of accident well by measuring the variation of secondary field.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the device that the present invention is based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well comprises relief well 1 and accident well 2, a spaced emission electrode 4 and mini inertia measurement unit combination 5 on drill collar 3 in relief well 1, wherein emission electrode 4 is that the transmitting consisting of multiturn coil encircles, and mini inertia measurement unit combination 5 comprises three axis fluxgate sensors, acceleration of gravity meter and down-hole receiving element 6.Emission electrode 4 produces circuit 8 by cable 7 and highpowerpulse and is connected, mini inertia measurement unit combination 5 is connected with large power supply 10 with ground receiving element 9 successively by cable 7, and highpowerpulse produces circuit 8 and ground receiving element 9 is powered by large power supply 10; Wherein the down-hole receiving element 6 in mini inertia measurement unit combination 5 forms transient electromagnetic detecting instrument receiving circuit with ground receiving element 9.Wherein, great-power electromagnetic pulse-generating circuit 8, ground receiving element 9 and large power supply 10 can be placed in the cable car 12 on ground 11.Emission electrode 4 receives after the current signal being produced by great-power electromagnetic pulse-generating circuit 8, this current signal is transmitted in stratum, and produces primary field 13 around at self.Under the excitation of primary field 13, on the accident casing 14 of accident well 2, produce induced-current 15, this induced-current 15 forms induced field, is also secondary field 16.Three axis fluxgate sensors in mini inertia measurement unit combination 5 are responsible for receiving primary field 13 and secondary field 16 signals, acceleration of gravity meter is uploaded to ground receiving element 9 through cable 7 by downhole data after being responsible for detecting the acceleration of gravity signal of down-hole receiving element 6 present positions and transferring to down-hole receiving element 6 and processing.When relief well 1 drilling well, emission electrode 4 moves with drill collar 3 with mini inertia measurement unit combination 5, keeps static during measurement.
As shown in Figure 3, down-hole receiving element 6 comprises signal disposal and analysis module 61, PIC single-chip microcomputer 62, EBI 63, power module 64 and real-time clock 65.Wherein signal disposal and analysis module 61 comprises amplifying circuit, low-pass filter circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit.Signal disposal and analysis module 61 by the acceleration of gravity meter measuring-signal receiving and three axis fluxgate measuring-signals amplify, after filtering, rejecting is mixed in the interference burr in useful signal, and carry out analog-to-digital conversion and obtain downhole data transmission to PIC single-chip microcomputer 62, PIC single-chip microcomputer 62 carries out the downhole data receiving after Manchester's code, through EBI 63, by cable 7, to be uploaded to ground receiving element 9.Power module 64 is signal disposal and analysis module 61, PIC single-chip microcomputer 62 and real-time clock 65 power supplies.Real-time clock 65, to PIC single-chip microcomputer 62 transmit clock signals, makes it to synchronize with the PIC single-chip microcomputer 91 in ground receiving element 9, is convenient to decoding.Wherein, PIC single-chip microcomputer 62 preferably model is PIC18F46K80, and EBI 63 is 1153 EBIs preferably.
As shown in Figure 3, ground receiving element 9 consists of PIC single-chip microcomputer 91, EBI 92, serial ports 93, host computer 94, power module 95 and real-time clock 96.EBI 92 carries out manchester decoder by the downhole data transmission receiving to PIC single-chip microcomputer 91, decoded data are uploaded to host computer 94 by serial ports 93,94 pairs of data that transfer to of host computer carry out frequency-domain analysis and self azimuth information is calculated, control the operation of creeping into of drill collar 3, constantly close to accident well 2.Power module 95 is PIC single-chip microcomputer 91 and real-time clock 96 power supplies.Real-time clock 96, to PIC single-chip microcomputer 91 input clock signals, makes it to synchronize with the PIC single-chip microcomputer 62 in down-hole receiving element 6, is convenient to signal to decode.
As shown in Figure 4, great-power electromagnetic pulse-generating circuit 8 of the present invention comprises: a cmos analog switch device ADG411, built-in four the optional switches of independence of ADG411 device, and in ADG411 device, all switches are break-before-make formula, be applicable to being applied in multiplexer, four switch labels in ADG411 device are U1A～U1D.Five resistance R
1～R
5, R wherein
1, R
2, R
4and R
5for pull-up resistor, for improving the output reliability of analog switch U1A～U1D, resistance R
3the oscillator signal producing in load while being used for being reduced in electric current shutoff.Four field-effect transistor IRFI4227, for building electric bridge, label is Q
1～Q
4, this transistorized withstand voltage reaches as high as 1000V, and the maximum current that can pass through is up to 150A, and switching speed is fast, can, in the situation that assurance transmit signal power is enough large, shorten the turn-off time.Circuit theory is: when relevant control inputs is logic low, four analog switch U1A～U1D connect, now, and four the optional switch U1A～U1D of independence device conducting simultaneously or cut-offs between two; From the square wave of port RB12 input, receive respectively the input pin 1 and pin 12 of U1A and U1D the closure of control simulation switch U1A and U1D and disconnection; Receive respectively the input pin 6 and pin 8 of U1B and U1C from the square wave of port RB14 input on an other road, the closure of control simulation switch U1B and U1C and disconnection; Like this when U1A and the conducting of U1D analog switch, U1B and U1C are closed, when U1A and U1D analog switch are closed, U1B and U1C conducting, repeat successively, thereby produce bipolar pulse ripple at the emission electrode L two ends in parallel with R3, bipolar pulse ripple in theory frequency band is infinitely great, complex environment in the time of can adapting to well rescue, is conducive to 4 pairs of useful signals of mini inertia measurement unit combination and receives.
In the embodiment of the present invention, on drill collar 3, emission electrode 4 and mini inertia measurement unit combine the 30m that is spaced apart between 5.
In the embodiment of the present invention, mini inertia measurement unit combination 5 three axis fluxgate sensors and the acceleration of gravity meters that comprise are commercially available prod, repeat no more.
As shown in Figure 1, shown in Figure 5, seen from the above description, the present invention is based on the using method of the device of transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well, it comprises the following steps:
1) on the drill collar in relief well 13, interval arranges an emission electrode 4 and mini inertia measurement unit combination 5, emission electrode 4 produces circuit 8 by cable 7 and highpowerpulse and is connected, mini inertia measurement unit combination 5 is connected with large power supply 10 with ground receiving element 9 successively by cable 7, and highpowerpulse produces circuit 8 and ground receiving element 9 is powered by large power supply 10; Wherein, mini inertia measurement unit combination 5 comprises three axis fluxgate sensors, acceleration of gravity meter and down-hole receiving element 6, and down-hole receiving element 6 and ground receiving element 9 form transient electromagnetic detecting instrument receiving circuit.
2) emission electrode 4 receives the current signal that great-power electromagnetic pulse-generating circuit 8 produces, and is transmitted in stratum, at self, produces primary field 13 around; Meanwhile, under the excitation of primary field 13, on the accident casing 14 of accident well 2, produce induced-current 15, this induced-current 15 forms induced field, is also secondary field 16.
The factors such as the hole condition of the size of secondary field 16 and the form of transmitting field source, size of current that emission electrode 4 produces and frequency height, accident well 2 and geometry and point position are relevant.By measuring the variation of primary field 13 and secondary field 16, can detect the distance and bearing of accident well 2.
3) three axis fluxgate sensors receive the strength signal of primary field 13 and secondary field 16 and are converted to the faint signal of telecommunication, acceleration of gravity meter detects the acceleration of gravity signal of receiving element 6 present positions, down-hole and is converted to the signal of telecommunication, and two path signal is transferred to down-hole receiving element 6.
4) in down-hole receiving element 6, the signal of telecommunication via amplify and filter circuit amplify with filtering after, by analog to digital conversion circuit, be converted to data signal, and by PIC single-chip microcomputer 62, carry out Manchester's code and be uploaded to ground receiving element 9 by cable.
5) after 91 pairs of decoding datas of the PIC single-chip microcomputer in ground receiving element 9, by serial ports, be input to host computer.
6) 94 pairs of input signals of host computer carry out analyzing and processing, concrete flow process following (as shown in Figure 5):
1. according to the data signal receiving, carry out to received signal frequency-domain analysis, obtain the amplitude of its high frequency or low frequency component and calculate the self poisoning information that comprises distance and bearing;
2. according to frequency-domain analysis result, the amplitude and the amplitude threshold that receive the high fdrequency component of signal are compared, amplitude threshold refers to the range value size that peak power 3dB place is corresponding;
If the amplitude of the signal medium-high frequency component of signal receiving is greater than amplitude threshold,, according to the accurate azimuth-range of high fdrequency component accident well, then enter step 3.;
If the amplitude of the signal medium-high frequency component of signal receiving is less than amplitude threshold,, according to the accurate azimuth-range of low frequency component calculating accident well, then enter step 3.;
Whether the distance azimuth information that 3. judgement calculates meets required distance:
If the distance calculating meets the demands, realize the location positioning of 1 pair of accident well 2 of relief well, finish to survey;
If the distance calculating does not meet the demands, by the operation of creeping into of PC control drill collar, continue closely to accident well, then repeating step 2)～5), until finish to survey while meeting required distance.
Above-mentioned each example is only for illustrating the present invention; wherein the structure of each parts, connected mode and manufacture craft etc. all can change to some extent; every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement, all should not get rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well, it is characterized in that: it comprises relief well and accident well, a spaced emission electrode and mini inertia measurement unit combination on drill collar in described relief well, described emission electrode is that the transmitting consisting of multiturn coil encircles, and described mini inertia measurement unit combination comprises three axis fluxgate sensors, acceleration of gravity meter and down-hole receiving element; Described emission electrode produces circuit by cable and highpowerpulse and is connected, described mini inertia measurement unit combination is connected with large power supply with ground receiving element successively by described cable, and described highpowerpulse produces circuit and described ground receiving element is powered by described large power supply; Described down-hole receiving element and described ground receiving element form transient electromagnetic detecting instrument receiving circuit; Described emission electrode receives the current signal being produced by described great-power electromagnetic pulse-generating circuit and produces primary field; Under described primary field excitation, on described accident casing, produce secondary field; Described three axis fluxgate sensors receive described primary field and secondary field signal, the acceleration signal that described acceleration of gravity meter detects receiving element present position, described down-hole transfers to described down-hole receiving element process after, through described cable, downhole data is uploaded to described ground receiving element.
2. a kind of device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described down-hole receiving element comprises power module, real-time clock, signal disposal and analysis module, PIC single-chip microcomputer and EBI; Described signal disposal and analysis module comprises amplifying circuit, low-pass filter circuit and analog to digital conversion circuit; Signal disposal and analysis module is by after the acceleration of gravity meter measuring-signal receiving and the processing of three axis fluxgate measuring-signals, carry out analog-to-digital conversion and obtain downhole data transmission to described PIC single-chip microcomputer, described PIC single-chip microcomputer carries out the downhole data receiving after Manchester's code, by described EBI, by described cable, is uploaded to described ground receiving element; Described real-time clock is to described PIC single-chip microcomputer transmit clock signal.
3. a kind of device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described ground receiving element comprises power module, real-time clock, PIC single-chip microcomputer, serial ports, host computer and EBI; Described EBI carries out manchester decoder by the downhole data transmission receiving to described PIC single-chip microcomputer, and decoded data are uploaded to described host computer by described serial ports; Described real-time clock is to described PIC single-chip microcomputer input clock signal.
4. a kind of device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: described ground receiving element comprises power module, real-time clock, PIC single-chip microcomputer, serial ports, host computer and EBI; Described EBI carries out manchester decoder by the downhole data transmission receiving to described PIC single-chip microcomputer, and decoded data are uploaded to described host computer by described serial ports; Described real-time clock is to described PIC single-chip microcomputer input clock signal.
5. a kind of device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well as described in claim 2 or 3 or 4, is characterized in that: the preferred model of described PIC single-chip microcomputer is PIC18F46K80, and described EBI is 1153 EBIs preferably.
6. a kind of device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well as claimed in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, is characterized in that: between described emission electrode and the combination of described mini inertia measurement unit, be spaced apart 30m.
7. a kind of device based on transient electromagnetic method coordinate detection accident well as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: between described emission electrode and the combination of described mini inertia measurement unit, be spaced apart 30m.
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