CN104131364B - Agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method - Google Patents

Agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method Download PDF

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CN104131364B
CN104131364B CN201410335224.8A CN201410335224A CN104131364B CN 104131364 B CN104131364 B CN 104131364B CN 201410335224 A CN201410335224 A CN 201410335224A CN 104131364 B CN104131364 B CN 104131364B
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carbon fiber
stalk
agricultural crop
crop straw
production method
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CN104131364A (en
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李文军
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Beijing youze Huixin Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.
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李文军
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural crop straw and utilize technology, i.e. agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method, comprise melting to reel off raw silk from cocoons, oxidation-stabilized, anoxybiotic carbonisation, be characterized in: described melting drawing process becomes fine powder to put into crops stalk crushing to smash cylinder again, add adhesive, mash into viscous fluid smashing in cylinder heating, heating is reeled off raw silk from cocoons and is made precursor again, still kettle is put into after precursor drying, boiling 80-90 minutes at 100-120 DEG C, take out dryness finalization, send into again in stove and be warmed to 1100-1200 DEG C under anoxic condition, carbonization 90-120 minutes, namely carbon fiber is become.Its beneficial effect is: carbon fiber strength and the elastic modelling quantity of production are moderate, internal voids degree is high, specific area is large, absorption property, sterilizing function and infrared emission function are very outstanding, can with cotton, hair, suede blending, make the high-grade fabric with functions such as absorption, sterilization, taste removal, transmitting are infrared, significantly can increase the added value of agricultural crop straw, increase farmers' income, promote the development of carbon fiber industry.

Description

Agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of agricultural crop straw and utilize technology, be i.e. agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method.
Background technology
Carbon fiber be phosphorus content higher than 90% inorganic polymer fiber.Wherein phosphorus content higher than 99% title graphite fibre.Carbon fiber proportion is little, and intensity is high, not corrosion, is the new material of alternative iron and steel and several mineral materials fiber., because the current mankind also do not grasp the Formation rule of carbon fiber completely, directly carbon fiber can't be produced with pure carbon, pitch, coal tar wet goods minority chemical products or oil product as fine in polypropylene with carbonaceous organic material carbon fiber can only be produced for raw material.Due to resource-constrained, carbon fiber product involves great expense, and only can apply on the high value added products such as aircraft, guided missile, golf clubs, be difficult to penetration and promotion.Therefore, develop new cheap raw material, become the main direction of carbon fiber research and development.Prove according to interrelated data: corn, Chinese sorghum, water paddy and wheat class stalk reach more than 70% containing the total amount of lignin and carbon fiber, be that a kind of output is large, cost is low and reproducible carbon source material.At present, agricultural crop straw for except feed, fuel except a small amount of, also have considerable part to go out of use or centralized burning, becomes the potential safety hazard of contaminated environment, initiation fire and aviation accident.If agricultural crop straw can be used for the manufacture of carbon fiber, meaning is very great., according to the production method of current carbon fiber, raw material must be produced precursor by melting, then through oxidation-stabilized, anoxybiotic high temperature cabonization and graphitization, just can make carbon fiber.And the burning-point of agricultural crop straw is very low, and not easily liquefy, melting can not make silk, pitch, coal tar fine as polypropylene, precursor material can not be provided for carbonization and graphitization, thus also not adopt agricultural crop straw to produce the report of carbon fiber.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of take agricultural crop straw as the method for waste carbon fiber.
Above-mentioned purpose is realized by following technical scheme: develop a kind of agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method, comprise melting to reel off raw silk from cocoons, oxidation-stabilized, anoxybiotic carbonisation, be characterized in: described melting drawing process becomes fine powder to put into crops stalk crushing to smash cylinder again, add adhesive, mash into viscous fluid smashing in cylinder heating, heating is reeled off raw silk from cocoons and is made precursor again, still kettle is put into after precursor drying, boiling 80-90 minutes at 100-120 DEG C, take out dryness finalization, send into again in stove and be warmed to 1100-1200 DEG C under anoxic condition, carbonization 90-120 minutes, namely carbon fiber is become.
Described agricultural crop straw is one or more in the stalk of corn, Chinese sorghum, water paddy and wheat class, beans.
Described adhesive is one of coal tar, pitch, carboxymethyl cellulose, amylan.The usage of various adhesive is: described coal tar and ethanol 1:0.5-0.8 by weight mixes with stalk with 5-8% of stalk weight after diluting; Described carboxymethyl cellulose and water 1:2-3 by weight mix, and get stalk weight 7-10% mixes with stalk; Described pitch mixes by 1:0.2-0.4 with carbon disulfide, and get stalk weight 4-6% mixes with stalk; Described amylan and 35% poly-vinyl alcohol solution furnishing pasty state, get stalk weight 10-15% mixes with stalk.
The fine powder of described crops stalk crushing, before putting into and smashing cylinder, first mixed liquefied with liquefier, described liquefier is synthesized at 0.5-0.8MPa and 120-150 DEG C with the weight ratio of 1:3-4 by the caustic soda solution of chlorobenzene and 30%, be made into sulfuric acid liquid adjust pH 3.5-4 again, stalk fine powder: liquefier=3-4:1-1.5, stir, 120 DEG C of stifling putting into again after 30 minutes of steam smash cylinder.
While described heating is reeled off raw silk from cocoons, to the precursor spraying antitack agent extracted out, antitack agent is by weight by distilled water 45-50 parts, silicone emulsion 1-2 parts, glycerine 3-4 parts, 6-8 parts, acetone, mixes at 60-70 DEG C.
Described carbon fiber continues to be warmed up to 2000-2300 DEG C under anoxic condition, keeps 60-80 minutes, namely becomes activated carbon fiber.
Activated carbon fiber is immersed under cryostat the sulfuric acid solution process 10-20 seconds of 30%, send into autoclave, squeeze into hydrogen, 60-80 minutes are processed under steam pressurized 0.5-0.8MPa, add gelling agent and lubricating grease after decompression to stir pressurization 0.8-1MPa and keep 25-30 minutes at 80-110 DEG C, make soft velvet-like activated carbon fiber washing oven dry at 70-80 DEG C.
The described gelling agent added is 0.5-5% of carbon fiber quality, and the lubricating grease added is 1-3% of carbon fiber quality.
Described gelling agent is one of carboxymethyl cellulose, amylan, Lauxite, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, organic siliconresin.
Described lubricating grease is according to weight portion by silicone emulsion 2-3 parts, and ten dihydroxystearic acids 4-5 parts, ethanol 5-6 parts mixes.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: carbon fiber strength and the elastic modelling quantity of production are moderate, internal voids degree is high, specific area is large, absorption property, sterilizing function and infrared emission function are very outstanding, can with cotton, hair, suede blending, make the high-grade fabric with functions such as absorption, sterilization, taste removal, transmitting are infrared, significantly can increase the added value of maize straw, increase farmers' income, promote the development of carbon fiber industry.
Embodiment
The total design of the present invention is that agricultural crop straw is made precursor through pulverizing condensation, then makes carbon fiber through stable, carbonization.Four kinds of embodiments are introduced below around this design:
The first embodiment: select dry stalk, can select the one in the stalk of corn, Chinese sorghum, water paddy and wheat class, and two or more also can be selected to mix.Scope of why selecting materials is wide in range like this, is because mainly see the content of the lignin of its carbon containing, cellulose and hemicellulose as the raw material of carbon fiber.According to surveying and determination, the lignin of above-mentioned agricultural crop straw, cellulose and hemicellulose level are all at more than 70% of gross dry weight, and the otherness of mentioned component is little, even if there is certain species diversity, also can not affect to some extent in the method, thus possess single use or any ratio condition used in combination.Obviously, this problem does not need to prove.Convenient in order to describe, under regard to above-mentioned raw materials and be all called stalk.
First, powder of straw is broken into fine powder, cross 40 mesh sieves, put into and smash cylinder, add binder solution, adhesive can select one of coal tar, carboxymethyl cellulose, pitch, amylan.After wherein coal tar and ethanol 1:0.5-0.8 is by weight diluted, mix with stalk with 5-8% of stalk weight.Mix with water 1:2-3 by weight with carboxymethyl cellulose, get stalk weight 7-10% mixes with stalk.Pitch mixes by 1:0.2-0.4 with carbon disulfide, and get stalk weight 4-6% mixes with stalk.Amylan and 35% poly-vinyl alcohol solution furnishing pasty state, get 10-15% of stalk weight.Smash while be heated to 50-60 DEG C smashing in cylinder, mash into viscous fluid shape, then send into the spinning furnace that small opening diameter is 0.8-1mm, temperature is reeled off raw silk from cocoons at 80-100 DEG C, reel off raw silk from cocoons through oven dry precursor.Precursor is put into still kettle, boiling 80-90 minutes at 100-120 DEG C, take out dryness finalization.Send into again in carbide furnace, anoxybiotic or fill nitrogen deoxygenation condition under, slowly heat with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min, be warmed to 1100-1200 DEG C, carbonization 90-120 minutes, namely becomes carbon fiber.Its TENSILE STRENGTH reaches 700-800MPa, and elastic modelling quantity reaches 61-69GPa.
The carbon fiber made is continued to be warmed up to 2000-2300 DEG C under anoxic condition, keeps 60-80 minutes, namely become activated carbon fiber.The filament diameter of fiber is 10-30um, and tensile strength is 900-1200MPa, and elastic modelling quantity is 80-100GPa.Specific area reaches 2500-3000m 2/ g.
The activated carbon fiber that said method is made, intensity index can meet the requirement of textile industry, and production cost significantly reduces, and is particularly suitable for and cotton, hair, suede blending, makes high-grade clothing.Wherein with cashmere with the ratio blending of 11-14:86-89, the cashmere sweater be made into namely maintain cashmere sweater softness, smooth, insulation characteristic beyond, also add sturdy, fluffy feature, avoid the drawback that original cashmere sweater is easily relaxed.Particularly maintain the advantages such as the absorption of activated carbon, purification, sterilization, sterilization, taste removal, its microcellular structure or ultrared good shedder, have obvious heat-preserving health-care effect.Because activated carbon fiber has inweaved fabric, can not come off, not be afraid of cleaning, can the performance of stay active for long periods carbon, this and active carbon particle are spun into compared with the prior art of fabric, demonstrate unique advantage.
The second embodiment: the process before reeling off raw silk from cocoons is identical with the first embodiment, while reeling off raw silk from cocoons, in order to prevent adhesion, vaporific antitack agent is sprayed to the precursor extracted out, antitack agent is by weight by distilled water 45-50 parts, silicone emulsion 1-2 parts, glycerine 3-4 parts, 6-8 parts, acetone, mixes at 60-70 DEG C.Again precursor is put into still kettle, boiling 80-90 minutes at 100-120 DEG C, take out dryness finalization.Send into again in carbide furnace, anoxybiotic or fill nitrogen deoxygenation condition under, slowly heat with the heating rate of 0.5 DEG C/min, be warmed to 1100-1200 DEG C, carbonization 90-120 minutes, namely becomes carbon fiber.Again carbon fiber is continued to be warmed up to 2000-2300 DEG C under anoxic condition, keep 60-80 minutes, be made for activated carbon fiber.
In order to make carbon fiber more soft and have better toughness and elasticity, can carry out the reduction reaction of appropriateness to the activated carbon fiber produced, then activated carbon fiber be immersed under cryostat the sulfuric acid solution process 10-20 seconds of 30%, feeding still kettle, squeezes into reductant.Reductant is recommended to adopt hydrogen, and hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen bromide, hydrogen iodide also can be used to replace hydrogen.Use hydrogen should add before adding steam, within pressure terminates in 0.3MPa, after mixing 15-20 minutes with carbon fiber, then be filled with steam, pressurization 0.5-0.8MPa, processes 60-80 minutes.The gelling agent of carbon fiber quality 0.5-5% and the lubricating grease of 1-3% is added after decompression.Gelling agent adopts one of carboxymethyl cellulose, amylan, Lauxite, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, organic siliconresin.The lubricating grease added is by silicone emulsion 2-3 parts, ten dihydroxystearic acid 4-5 parts, ethanol 5-6 parts mix by weight.Steam pressurized 0.8-1MPa after gelling agent, lubricating grease and material stirring, decompression cooling keeps 25-30 minutes at 80-110 DEG C, makes soft velvet-like activated carbon fiber washing oven dry at 70-80 DEG C.Here the effect that carbon fiber immerses sulfuric acid makes it that reduction reaction occur, the container of sulfuric acid can be placed in the middle of the cooling medium of cold water or other circulations by sulfuric acid cryostat, also other mode can be taked, its effect is that the heat produced after carbon fiber and sulfuric acid contact is taken away, and makes reduction reaction only the carrying out that the surface of carbon fiber is slight.
The internal structure of treated carbon fiber there occurs delicate change, and carbon fiber surface hole increases, and fiber becomes very soft, its physical behavior is close to cashmere, its tensile strength is 800-1000MPa, and elastic modelling quantity is 70-90GPa, and specific area reaches 2800-3000m 2/ g.Though its intensity declines to some extent than without the product of reduction treatment, for weaving or more than sufficient.In experiment, this velvet-like body activated carbon fiber and cashmere blending are obtained high-strength light suede yarn, namely maintain feel and the heat-insulating property of cashmere, there is again the unexistent toughness of cashmere and elasticity, namely depend on human body, there is again the fluffy moulding of itself, relax invisible unlike cashmere.
Great many of experiments and proving about specialized department's testing result: the woollen sweater that this activated carbon fiber and wool, cashmere blending are made and cashmere sweater, its absorption property, bactericidal property and taste removal performance highly significant, its special microcellular structure light transmission is rather good, kills rapidly or decompose attracts bacteria and odor molecules under sunlight irradiates.In addition, the wave-length coverage of the far infrared wave that activated carbon fiber is launched and human-body emitting is very identical, and body temperature amplification can reach 0.9 DEG C on year-on-year basis, and has high temperature and can dispel the heat, the thermoregulation function that low temperature can be incubated.
The third embodiment: foregoing active carbon fiber is sent into graphite furnace, continues to be warmed up to 3000-3200 DEG C, keep 120-150 minutes under anoxic condition, the carbon rate that obtains of gained carbon fiber improves further, and indices all reaches the standard of graphitized carbon fibre.When stove and accessory performance is permitted, the carbonization of fiber, activation and graphitizing process also can complete in same carbide furnace.
4th kind of embodiment: select content of lignin more than 22%, content of cellulose more than 34%, the dry stalk of hemicellulose level more than 37%, is ground into fine powder, cross 40 mesh sieves, screening stalk fine powder and liquefier mixed liquefied.The kind of available liquefier is a lot, but price is all higher, for this reason, recommends following methods to produce liquefier: to get chlorobenzene (C by weight 6h 5cI) 1 part and 30% 3-4 parts of mixing of caustic soda (NaOH) solution, in autoclave, be pressurized to 0.5-0.8MPa and 120-150 DEG C of reaction 25-30 minutes, then be made into sulfuric acid liquid adjust pH 3.5-4.Get stalk fine powder 3-4 parts and liquefier 1-1.5 parts by weight, stir, put into steamer, within 30 minutes, be stored open 60-70 minutes so that 120 DEG C of steam are stifling, the lignin more than 50% now in stalk material is dissolved, and rest materials is obviously softened.Again the material be softened together is put into together with lysate and smash cylinder.Subsequent technique is identical with previous embodiment.Through reeling off raw silk from cocoons, oxidation-stabilized, carbonization, the operation such as activation, the indices of obtained carbon fiber, activated carbon fiber, soft activated carbon fiber all reaches or a little more than the level of previous embodiment, and the yield of product improves 8-12%.

Claims (8)

1. an agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method, comprise melting to reel off raw silk from cocoons, oxidation-stabilized, anoxybiotic carbonisation, it is characterized in that: described melting drawing process becomes fine powder mixed liquefied with liquefier again crops stalk crushing, described liquefier is synthesized at 0.5-0.8MPa and 120-150 DEG C with the weight ratio of 1:3-4 by the caustic soda solution of chlorobenzene and 30%, be made into sulfuric acid liquid adjust pH 3.5-4 again, stalk fine powder: liquefier=3-4:1-1.5, stir, 120 DEG C of stifling putting into again after 30 minutes of steam smash cylinder, add adhesive, adhesive is coal tar, pitch, carboxymethyl cellulose, one of amylan, the usage of various adhesive is: after described coal tar and ethanol 1:0.5-0.8 is by weight diluted, mix with stalk with 5-8% of stalk weight, described carboxymethyl cellulose and water 1:2-3 by weight mix, and get stalk weight 7-10% mixes with stalk, described pitch mixes by 1:0.2-0.4 with carbon disulfide, and get stalk weight 4-6% mixes with stalk, described amylan and 35% poly-vinyl alcohol solution furnishing pasty state, get stalk weight 10-15% mixes with stalk, mash into viscous fluid smashing in cylinder heating, heating is reeled off raw silk from cocoons and is made precursor again, puts into still kettle, boiling 80-90 minutes at 100-120 DEG C after precursor drying, take out dryness finalization, send in stove again and be warmed to 1100-1200 DEG C under anoxic condition, carbonization 90-120 minutes, namely becomes carbon fiber.
2. agricultural crop straw activated carbon fiber production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described agricultural crop straw is one or more in the stalk of corn, Chinese sorghum, water paddy and wheat class, beans.
3. agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: while described heating is reeled off raw silk from cocoons, to the precursor spraying antitack agent extracted out, antitack agent is by weight by distilled water 45-50 parts, silicone emulsion 1-2 parts, glycerine 3-4 parts, 6-8 parts, acetone, mixes at 60-70 DEG C.
4. agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described carbon fiber continues to be warmed up to 2000-2300 DEG C under anoxic condition, keeps 60-80 minutes, namely becomes activated carbon fiber.
5. agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described activated carbon fiber immerses the sulfuric acid solution process 10-20 seconds of 30% under cryostat, send into autoclave, squeeze into hydrogen, 60-80 minutes are processed under steam pressurized 0.5-0.8MPa, add gelling agent and lubricating grease after decompression to stir pressurization 0.8-1MPa and keep 25-30 minutes at 80-110 DEG C, make soft velvet-like activated carbon fiber washing oven dry at 70-80 DEG C.
6. agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described in the gelling agent that adds be 0.5-5% of carbon fiber quality, the lubricating grease added is 1-3% of carbon fiber quality.
7. agricultural crop straw activated carbon fiber production method according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described gelling agent is one of carboxymethyl cellulose, amylan, Lauxite, polyurethane resin, acrylic resin, organic siliconresin.
8. agricultural crop straw carbon fiber production method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described lubricating grease is according to weight portion by silicone emulsion 2-3 parts, ten dihydroxystearic acids 4-5 parts, ethanol 5-6 parts mixes.
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CN106087116A (en) * 2016-06-26 2016-11-09 吴迪 A kind of preparation method of wood flour liquefier modification mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers
CN107815748A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-03-20 芜湖蓝天工程塑胶有限公司 Stem fibric material and preparation method thereof
CN107815749A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-03-20 芜湖蓝天工程塑胶有限公司 Stem fibric material and preparation method thereof
CN107829166A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-03-23 芜湖蓝天工程塑胶有限公司 Stem fibric material and preparation method thereof
CN109608177A (en) * 2018-11-20 2019-04-12 武汉纺织大学 It is integrally formed the preparation method of reed straw base carbon fibre intelligent electric-heating ceramic wafer
CN113717539A (en) * 2021-08-26 2021-11-30 东莞市凯成环保科技有限公司 Hydrophobic straw fiber molding packing box material and preparation method of packing box

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CN101768799B (en) * 2010-01-29 2012-10-31 华南理工大学 Lignin carbon nanofiber and preparation method thereof
CN102634871A (en) * 2011-02-11 2012-08-15 李翠花 Preparation method of nanometer carbon fiber material containing polyvinylpyrrolidone
JP5892487B2 (en) * 2012-01-19 2016-03-23 国立研究開発法人森林総合研究所 Lignin carbon fiber and method for producing activated carbon fiber
CN103539115B (en) * 2013-10-31 2015-04-29 张京三 Method for producing carbon fiber with castor seed shells and castor straws as raw materials
CN103774285B (en) * 2013-12-31 2015-05-20 北京梦狐宇通竹纤维研究开发中心 Preparation method for cellulose active carbon nanofibre adsorbing material
CN103774286B (en) * 2014-01-08 2015-05-20 北京梦狐宇通竹纤维研究开发中心 Preparation method of cellulose carbon nanofibre filter material

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