CN104129057B - 一种废橡胶连续化再生的解联塑化机及工艺方法 - Google Patents

一种废橡胶连续化再生的解联塑化机及工艺方法 Download PDF

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CN104129057B
CN104129057B CN201410341394.7A CN201410341394A CN104129057B CN 104129057 B CN104129057 B CN 104129057B CN 201410341394 A CN201410341394 A CN 201410341394A CN 104129057 B CN104129057 B CN 104129057B
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connects
plasticator
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汪传生
杨超
郭磊
边慧光
李绍明
张德伟
徐小林
袁浪
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种废橡胶连续化再生的解联塑化机及工艺方法，解联塑化机包括依次连接的实现连续喂料的压料机构、用于机械解联和化学解联的解联机构、及实现再生胶片成型出片的成型机构；解联机构包括塑化机筒、置于塑化机筒内实现胶料解联的塑化螺杆、驱动塑化螺杆转动的驱动机构；塑化螺杆为异向双螺杆结构，塑化螺杆的解联段主要由转子组、动静盘组和斜齿轮组构成；工艺方法包括：混合均匀后的废胶粉在压料机构的推动下进入解联机构，温度控制在150℃以内，解联螺杆转速30‑60r/min，成型机构对再生胶挤压出片，停放储存。本发明的有益效果是对废橡胶机械解联作用强，再生效果好，实现连续化生产，生产效率高，再生温度低，节能环保零排放。

Description

一种废橡胶连续化再生的解联塑化机及工艺方法
技术领域
本发明属于废橡胶再生领域，尤其涉及一种废橡胶连续化再生的解联塑化机，及使用该设备制备再生胶的工艺方法。
背景技术
目前，我国是世界首位的橡胶消耗大国，但是国内橡胶资源十分匮乏，70％以上的天然橡胶依赖进口，废旧橡胶的再生循环利用，对填补橡胶资源的匮乏意义重大。螺杆挤出法是一种新型废橡胶再生方法，利用螺杆挤出机使胶粉经机械剪切、再生剂、活化剂的综合作用，在短时间内获得较高可塑度，从而使废橡胶再生，其生产工艺简单，不产生新的污染，易于实现工业化，而且废旧橡胶再生效果较好。
中国专利文献中，公开号为CN103770312A、名称为一种异径不等间隙螺槽容积变化的串联式磨盘挤出机的文献中公开了一种方案(具体内容参见说明书全文)，包括加料段、磨盘混炼段I、填料段、磨盘混炼段II、排气段以及挤出段依次连接，物料A从加料段进入，物料B从填料段进入，并在磨盘混炼段II与物料A进行混炼，加料段至挤出段形成各螺槽容积的变化与物料熔融过程比容的变化一致。该文献中的方案只适用于单螺杆挤出机，且作用原件单一，对废橡胶的解联再生效果一般，生产效率低，设备结构复杂。
此外，中国专利文献中，公布号为CN102911399A、名称为一种采用异向双螺杆挤出机再生废橡胶的方法的文献中公开了一种方案(具体内容参见说明书全文)，包括将废胶粉与再生剂搅拌后加入异向螺杆挤出机，控制挤出机的加热段温度在150℃～220℃，反应段温度在220℃～320℃，冷却段温度在80℃～220℃，反应1～10min后由挤出机挤出，经冷却装置二次冷却至80℃以下后精炼出片；螺杆元件包括螺纹元件、啮合块和齿形混炼块。该文献中的方案采用了双螺杆挤出机，但机械解联效果一般，解联温度高，再生胶的质量难以得到保证。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供一种废橡胶连续化再生的解联塑化机及工艺方法，目的是加强机械解联效果，提高了生产效果、低温环保以及简化操作工序。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是一种废橡胶连续化再生的解联塑化机，包括依次连接的实现连续喂料的压料机构、用于机械解联和化学解联的解联机构、及实现再生胶片成型出片的成型机构；解联机构包括塑化机筒、置于塑化机筒内实现胶料解联的塑化螺杆、驱动塑化螺杆转动的驱动机构；所述的塑化螺杆为异向双螺杆结构，塑化螺杆的解联段主要由转子组、动静盘组和斜齿轮组构成，转子组靠近塑化螺杆的喂料段。
和现有技术相比，本方案基于提高机械解联效果的构思，对现有双螺杆结构进行创新设计，设计了具有多种结构的螺杆，将它们进行组合设置在螺杆上；本方案为了提高机械解联，选取了转子组、动静盘组和斜齿轮组；转子组对胶粉具有较好的混合，用于初步塑化，因此，转子组更接近解联机构的胶料输入端；动静盘组和斜齿轮组对胶粉有强剪切挤压作用，促使废橡胶硫化交联键断裂；本方案整体上增强了胶料解联效果，再生温度低，再生胶物理机械性能较高。
基于上述方案，本发明还做了如下设计：
动静盘组包括安装在塑化机筒上的静盘，及交错分布在静盘两侧设在塑化螺杆上的动盘，动盘与所相对螺杆上的螺纹结构配合；动静盘组至少包括三组，在相邻组之间的螺杆上设有螺纹结构。本设计方案中，在双螺杆解联机构上设置了动静盘组，双螺杆中心距较小，若两螺杆的动盘为捏合型，动盘与静盘的接触面积会减少，剪切作用就相应消弱；为了克服该问题，本方案在两螺杆上设置了交错分布的动盘，与动盘捏合配合的塑化螺杆处设有螺纹结构，实现胶料的输送，避免在静盘处堵塞；静盘包裹的塑化螺杆上设有螺纹结构，防止胶料在静盘处滞留；为了保证剪切效果，在螺杆上至少设置3组动静盘结构。
动静盘上均设有具有剪切作用的沟槽，动静盘之间为渐变间隙且沿胶料流动方向逐渐增大；本设计方案中动静盘上的沟槽，增加了对胶料的剪切作用，动静盘之间的渐变间隙有利于胶料的及时排出，防止胶料的滞留。
斜齿轮组包括设在两螺杆上彼此具有啮合作用的斜齿轮，斜齿轮齿的旋向与所在螺杆的旋向一致。本设计方案是为了进一步提高对胶料的剪切挤压作用，斜齿轮组不限于一组，当设有多组斜齿轮时，组与组之间设有螺纹结构，对胶料起输送作用，避免堵塞。
转子组至少包括剪切型和啮合型转子结构中的一种；转子组包括剪切型和啮合型转子结构时，剪切型转子结构在塑化螺杆上的位置更靠近塑化螺杆的喂料段；本设计方案中，转子组对胶料具有较好的剪切混合效果，剪切型转子结构主要用于胶料初步混合，优选的是，将剪切型转子结构设置在接近解联结构入料口处。
塑化螺杆的喂料段为变距螺纹；本设计方案中，变距螺纹的设计是为了易于吃料，增大压缩比，加快胶料的推进速度，螺纹间距随着物料的输送螺纹间距变小。
压料机构包括圆锥螺杆输送机及安装在解联塑化机入料口的料斗；本设计方案中，圆锥螺杆的基圆大小不变，随着物料输送螺距以及螺槽深度不断变小，形成圆锥形螺杆，该结构的螺杆提高对胶粉的输送能力。
成型段包括机头及辊筒，实现再生胶的挤出成型出片。
本发明还提供一种使用所述设备制备再生胶的工艺方法，该方法包括，
将废橡胶粉及活化剂、再生助剂等搅拌均匀后加入压料机构，开启解联塑化机，胶料在自身重力及压料机构的作用下被推送至解联机构；
解联机构的塑化螺杆旋转吃料，塑化螺杆转速为30～60转/分钟，塑化螺杆喂料段的温度控制在50～80℃，解联段的温度控制在120～150℃，挤出段的温度控制在60～90℃。
胶料解联后被挤出至成型机构进行压片，停放后入库。
所述废橡胶粉为20～100目。
附图说明
图1是本发明中塑化机的结构示意图；
图2是本发明中塑化螺杆的结构示意图；
图3是本发明中动静盘组的结构示意图；
图4是本发明中动盘的端面结构示意图；
图5是本发明在图4A-A处的剖面结构示意图；
图6是本发明中静盘的结构示意图；
图7是本发明中斜齿轮组的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明为了提高对废旧橡胶的机械解联强度和再生效果，实现低温连续化生产，其总的构思是这样的：结合废橡胶再生工艺特点，对解联的双螺杆结构进行创新设计，通过将上述工艺的功能结构与解联机构进行组装，优化其组合方式，最终实现本发明。
下面将结合具体实施例和附图对本发明做详细说明。
实施例
如图1所示，本发明包括依次连接的实现连续喂料的压料机构、用于机械解联和化学解联的解联机构、及实现再生胶片成型出片的成型机构；压料机构包括圆锥螺杆输送机及安装在圆锥螺杆输送机入料口的料斗；解联机构包括塑化机筒6、置于塑化机筒6内实现胶料解联的塑化螺杆和驱动塑化螺杆转动的驱动机构；成型机构包括机头8及辊筒7，实现再生胶的挤出成型出片。
如图2所示，塑化螺杆为异向双螺杆结构，塑化螺杆分为喂料段III、解联段II和挤出段I；喂料段III上设有变距螺纹，螺纹越靠近入料口间距越大，整个螺杆的长径比L/D为30～35。
塑化螺杆的解联段II由依次连接的转子组、动静盘组和斜齿轮组构成，转子组靠近入料口；转子组包括剪切型转子1和啮合型转子2结构，剪切型转子位置更靠近入料口。
如图2至4所示，动静盘组包括三组，动静盘组包括安装在塑化机筒6上的静盘4，及交错分布在静盘4两侧设在塑化螺杆上的动盘3，动盘3与所相对螺杆上的螺纹结构配合，在静盘4包裹的塑化螺杆上设有用于输送胶料的螺纹结构；动盘3上均匀设有沿径向逐渐变宽的沟槽，静盘4上也均匀设有用于剪切胶料的沟槽，动静盘之间为渐变间隙且沿胶料流动方向逐渐增大。
如图5所示，斜齿轮组包括设在两螺杆上彼此具有啮合作用的斜齿轮5，斜齿轮齿的旋向与所在螺杆的旋向一致；斜齿轮组也为三组，相邻组之间的螺杆上也设有用于传输的螺纹结构。
塑化机筒与塑化螺杆相对应，也分为三段，每段上都设有冷却通道，每段塑化机筒都有控制装置。
本发明利用解联塑化机制备再生胶的方法，包括如下工艺步骤：
将废橡胶粉及活化剂、再生助剂等搅拌均匀后加入压料机构，开启解联塑化机，胶料在自身重力及压料机构的作用下被推送至解联机构；
解联机构的塑化螺杆旋转吃料，塑化螺杆转速为30～60转/分钟，塑化螺杆喂料段的温度控制在50～80℃，解联段的温度控制在120～150℃，挤出段的温度控制在60～90℃；
胶料解联后被挤出至成型机构进行压片，停放后入库。
所得再生胶性能如下:灰分＝7.2％，丙酮抽出物＝17.0％，门尼粘度ML100℃(1+4min)＝46.6；按照GB/T13460-2008再硫化配方硫化，得硫化胶力学性能如下:拉伸强度＝14.27MPa，拉断伸长率＝432.47％。
国家特级Al标准:灰分≤10％，丙酮抽出物≤18％，门尼粘度ML100℃(1+4min)≤95，拉伸强度≥14.0Mpa，扯断伸长率≥420％。

Claims (8)

1.一种废橡胶连续化再生的解联塑化机，包括依次连接的实现连续喂料的压料机构、用于机械解联和化学解联的解联机构、及实现再生胶片成型出片的成型机构；解联机构包括塑化机筒、置于塑化机筒内实现胶料解联的塑化螺杆、驱动塑化螺杆转动的驱动机构；其特征在于：所述的塑化螺杆为异向双螺杆结构，塑化螺杆的解联段主要由转子组、动静盘组和斜齿轮组构成，转子组靠近塑化螺杆的喂料段；动静盘组包括安装在塑化机筒上的静盘，及交错分布在静盘两侧设在塑化螺杆上的动盘，动盘与所相对螺杆上的螺纹结构配合，在静盘包裹的塑化螺杆上设有用于输送胶料的螺纹结构；动静盘上均设有具有剪切作用的沟槽，动静盘之间为渐变间隙且沿胶料流动方向逐渐增大；在螺杆上至少设置3组动静盘结构。
2.根据权利要求1所述的解联塑化机，其特征在于：斜齿轮组包括设在两螺杆上彼此具有啮合作用的斜齿轮，斜齿轮齿的旋向与所在螺杆的旋向一致。
3.根据权利要求1所述的解联塑化机，其特征在于：转子组至少包括剪切型和啮合型转子结构中的一种。
4.根据权利要求3所述的解联塑化机，其特征在于：转子组包括剪切型和啮合型转子结构时，剪切型转子结构在塑化螺杆上的位置更靠近塑化螺杆的喂料段。
5.根据权利要求1所述的解联塑化机，其特征在于：塑化螺杆的喂料段为变距螺纹，螺纹间距随物料输送不断变小。
6.根据权利要求1所述的解联塑化机，其特征在于：压料机构包括圆锥螺杆输送机及安装在解联塑化机入料口的料斗；成型机构包括机头及辊筒，实现再生胶的挤出成型出片。
7.一种利用权利要求1-6任一所述的解联塑化机制备再生胶的方法，其特征在于：包括如下工艺步骤：
将废橡胶粉、活化剂、再生助剂搅拌均匀后加入压料机构，开启解联塑化机，胶料在自身重力及压料机构的作用下被推送至解联机构；
解联机构的塑化螺杆旋转吃料，塑化螺杆转速为30～60转/分钟，塑化螺杆喂料段的温度控制在50～80℃，解联段的温度控制在120～150℃，挤出段的温度控制在60～90℃；
胶料解联后被挤出至成型机构进行压片，停放后入库。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于：所述废橡胶粉为20～100目。
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