CN104126409B - Dry-hot valley region balsam pear cultivation field management method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to agricultural crops cultivation method, particularly relate to a kind of dry-hot valley region balsam pear cultivation field management technology, specifically comprise field planting, pollination, the first season gather, prune, lift canopy, step that second time is gathered, water and fertilizer management is all with reference to prior art standard.Adopt field management technology of the present invention, for peasant saves labour and seedling cost, add input-output ratio; More, balsam pear outward appearance, quality and the mouthfeel of producing the second season are all obviously better than the balsam pear first season, are worth at Dry-hot Valley Area spread.

Description

Dry-hot valley region balsam pear cultivation field management method

Technical field

The present invention relates to agricultural crops culture technique, particularly relate to a kind of dry-hot valley region balsam pear cultivation field management method.

Background technology

Balsam pear is cucurbitaceous plant, is annual climbing herb.The short day property plant of Momordica, happiness temperature, happiness light, heat-resisting, moisture-proof, not resistance to the moon, not strict to the requirement of illumination length, the illumination of long period is conducive to it and well grows, and requires higher to soil moisture and air humidity, but intolerant to waterlogging; Wide adaptability, can cultivate in the southern and northern multiple soil of China.

Existing balsam pear cultivation method is substantially:

1. seed selection vernalization

Selection quality better, the Varieties of Balsam Pear that output is high, disease resistance is strong.With boiling hot kind of 55 DEG C of hot water, stir, soak seed when temperature drops to 30 DEG C 12 hours.Subsequently seed being cleaned and pull out, with totally binding up with gauze, putting into the incubator vernalization of about 30 DEG C.Every day cleans one time with warm water, and 4-5 days start to sprout.

2. sow

Outdoor cropping, can first nurse young plants in hothouses.Nutrition Soil loads in the nutritive cube of 8 cm x 8 centimetres by sowing seed the previous day, waters permeable.Within second day, with water, Nutrition Soil is sprayed one time again, spread skim and sieve after fine earth and sow.

3. seedling management

After planting sealing greenhouse.Furrow interpolation Small plastic shed, overlay film, makes day temperature remain on 30-35 DEG C, night more than 15 DEG C.Emerge after 50%, raise canopy film in time, add a cover shade net, and add a cover the fine earth that sieves of 0.5 centimetre, with healed fracture, keep native humidity.Leak informaton noon cooling, night is again by canopy membrane cover.After seedling all sprouts, day temperature remains on 20-25 DEG C, night about 10 DEG C.See dry watering, temperature control does not control water, keeps seedling robust growth.Reduce temperature of shed gradually later, a few days ago canopy film is all raised hardening to field planting.

4. field planting

Balsam pear is happiness Wen Naifei crop, need use sufficient base fertilizer.Execute high-quality fertilizer 500 kilograms, diammonium phosphate 30 kilograms, first make flat furrow and water for every mu, after soil is slightly dry and soft, then make furrow face width 80-90 centimetre, the little high furrow of high 10-15 centimetre, within before field planting 5-7 days, spread mulch film.Every furrow two row, spacing in the rows 60 centimetres, routing field planting.Dig pit too not dark, be not a little advisable can slightly keep off after field planting.Because balsam pear growing way is very strong, after field planting, man-like shelf to be inserted in time.

5. field management

Timely little fiery pour seedling recovering water after slow seedling, intertills for several days afterwards deeply.Because plant divides principal stresses strong, select 2-3 bar slightly climing from bottom, tie up climing added, all the other are all destroyed.Generally do not rewater during this period, when first melon is all sat and started to expand, water and chase after urea 10-15 kilogram or potassium sulfate 20-25 kilogram with water.

According to traditional balsam pear cultivation field management method, after balsam pear cultivation, the knot melon phase is generally once, although the balsam pear continuing to use old rattan subsequent growth also can tie melon, but melon body is generally less than normal, substantially cannot eat, for field produce low in economic efficiency, most area select root out old rattan after plant other crops.

Dry-hot valley is high temperature, area, low humidity river valley, is mostly distributed in the torrid zone or subtropical zone.In region, sunlight-heat reaources enriches, and hot climate is short of rain, and mountain shape is mild, and thicker soil, is mainly distributed in the areas such as the riverine Sichuan such as Jinsha jiang River, Yuanjiang River, Nujiang, Nanpanjiang River, Yunnan and Guizhou.For the climatic characteristic of dry-hot valley, existing field management way cannot meet the balsam pear planting requirement of this special area.

Summary of the invention

Be not suitable for the plantation of Dry-hot Valley Area for existing field management method, the utility model proposes a kind of be applicable to Dry-hot Valley Area, can secondary knot melon field management way.

Dry-hot valley region of the present invention balsam pear cultivation field management method, is characterized in that:

(1) field planting: September, carries out field planting to balsam pear seedling, fertilising, and fix with support when balsam pear is taken out climing, greenhouse temperature controls at 20-30 degree Celsius;

(2) pollinate: in October, pollinate in canopy to balsam pear female flower, greenhouse temperature controls at 15-20 degree Celsius;

(3) gather the first season: the 11-12 month, every day, the balsam pear to maturation was plucked, and rear continuation of having gathered carries out daily management to balsam pear plant, and greenhouse temperature controls more than 10 degrees Celsius;

(4) first time prunes: in February, the in liberal supply rear 4-5 of liquid manure days pinches to the melon on support is climing, and the melon of reservation above 30-50 centimetre, soil is climing is advisable, and forbids carrying out watering and applying fertilizer after pruning;

(5) second time is pruned: prune after 10 days in first time and again prune, and retaining diameter, to be greater than the master of more than 1 centimetre climing, extracts that its minor is climing, Sun Man simultaneously, and applies fertilizer, and fertilely when fertile amount is greater than field planting measures;

(6) lift canopy: March, when greenhouse temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius, canopy film is all raised, and pollinate;

(7) gather the second season: the 4-5 month, every day, the balsam pear to maturation was plucked, and the knot melon phase terminates rear shovel except melon vine.

The method water and fertilizer management is all with reference to prior art standard.

First time prunes away the apical dominance except plant, avoids excessive growth phenomenon; Second time prune make the climing growth of melon more concentrate on main climing on, promote the good growth of balsam pear.

Take field management method of the present invention in Dry-hot Valley Area, balsam pear of can gathering in two seasons, and the balsam pear quantity of the second season and quality are all obviously better than the balsam pear first season.Dry-hot valley temperature is high, and rainfall is few and evaporation discharge large, adds that Dry-hot Valley Area soil allitization degree is higher, neutral and alkalescence is reacted, and organic matter has certain accumulation, suitable balsam pear growth, so improve in existing balsam pear cultivation field management technology, can meet produced in two seasons completely.

Adopt field management method of the present invention, for peasant saves labour and seedling cost, add input-output ratio; More, balsam pear outward appearance, quality and the mouthfeel of producing the second season are all obviously better than the balsam pear first season, are worth at Dry-hot Valley Area spread.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: the present embodiment test area is the dry-hot valley region in area, Shidian, the Baoshan, takes following manner to carry out field management:

(1) field planting: September, carries out field planting to balsam pear seedling, fertilising, and fix with support when balsam pear is taken out climing, greenhouse temperature controls at 20-30 degree Celsius;

(2) pollinate: in October, pollinate in canopy to balsam pear female flower, greenhouse temperature controls at 15-20 degree Celsius;

(3) gather the first season: the 11-12 month, every day, the balsam pear to maturation was plucked, and rear continuation of having gathered carries out daily management to balsam pear plant, and greenhouse temperature controls more than 10 degrees Celsius;

(4) first time prunes: in February, the in liberal supply rear 4-5 of liquid manure days pinches to the melon on support is climing, and the melon of reservation above 30-50 centimetre, soil is climing is advisable, and the climing reservation of soil melon that water conservation is good is shorter, and reason is that the soil balsam pear root system development that water conservation is good is better; Forbid after pruning carrying out watering and applying fertilizer;

(5) second time is pruned: prune after 10 days in first time and again prune, and retaining diameter, to be greater than the master of more than 1 centimetre climing, extracts that its minor is climing, Sun Man simultaneously, and applies fertilizer, and fertilely when fertile amount is greater than field planting measures;

(6) lift canopy: March, when greenhouse temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius, canopy film is all raised, and pollinate;

(7) gather the second season: the 4-5 month, every day, the balsam pear to maturation was plucked, and the knot melon phase terminates rear shovel except melon vine.

The method water and fertilizer management is all with reference to prior art standard.

Claims (1)

1. dry-hot valley region balsam pear cultivation field management method, balsam pear cultivation in the canopy being applicable to Dry-hot Valley Area, is characterized in that:

(1) field planting: September, carries out field planting to balsam pear seedling, fertilising, and fix with support when balsam pear is taken out climing, greenhouse temperature controls at 20-30 degree Celsius;

(2) pollinate: in October, pollinate in canopy to balsam pear female flower, greenhouse temperature controls at 15-20 degree Celsius;

(3) gather the first season: the 11-12 month, every day, the balsam pear to maturation was plucked, and rear continuation of having gathered carries out daily management to balsam pear plant, and greenhouse temperature controls more than 10 degrees Celsius;

(4) first time prunes: in February, the in liberal supply rear 4-5 of liquid manure days pinches to the melon on support is climing, and the melon retaining above 30-50 centimetre, soil is climing, forbids carrying out watering and applying fertilizer after pruning;

(5) second time is pruned: prune after 10 days in first time and again prune, and retaining diameter, to be greater than the master of more than 1 centimetre climing, extracts that its minor is climing, Sun Man simultaneously, and applies fertilizer, and fertilely when fertile amount is greater than field planting measures;

(6) lift canopy: March, when greenhouse temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius, canopy film is all raised, and pollinate;

(7) gather the second season: the 4-5 month, every day, the balsam pear to maturation was plucked, and the knot melon phase terminates rear shovel except melon vine.