CN103004431B - Large-leave fast-growing locust tree nutrition plate seedling method - Google Patents
Large-leave fast-growing locust tree nutrition plate seedling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a large-leave fast-growing locust tree nutrition plate seedling method. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting a proper seedling period; (2) preparation work before seedling: preparing a plastic shed, preparing corresponding porous nutrition plates according to different mother root diameters, cutting the mother roots of fast-growing locust trees into root sections of certain lengths, cutting the mother roots with the diameters of over 5 mm into the root sections of 8 cm, cutting the mother roots with the diameters of 3 to 5 mm into the root sections of 10 cm, screening soil, drying the soil, and removing impurities from the soil; (3) cutting the mother roots: filling the soil, cutting the mother roots, spraying water, putting the mother roots on a frame, and keeping the temperature of the shed; (4) seedling management: keeping the humidity and weeding periodically; (5) transplanting: selecting a proper time, preparing a land, digging holes, spraying the water, transplanting, and spraying the water again; and (6) management after transplanting: keeping the humidity, weeding and performing the deinsectization. By the seedling method provided by the invention, the propagation coefficient of the mother roots can be improved; the seedling time can be shortened; the survival rate of the mother roots can be improved; the using amount of nitration soil is reduced; and the concentrated seedling unified management is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to artificial breeding propagation technique field, particularly relate to a kind of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree nutrient discs seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is pulse family robinia deciduous tree, is novel fodder seeds.Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree blade is large, and blade length and width are respectively the 2-3 of common locust tree doubly, and the food value of leaf is plump, and single leaf dry weight is 4-6 times of common locust tree.Blade is imparipinnate leaf, alternate, Quan Yuan.Leaflet is 7-19 piece, oval or oval, two sides Glabrous.Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is unisexual flower, aubergine, and raceme, without stamen, does not bear seeds, and main kind of the root that adopts is bred.
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is wide ecological amplitude plant, has the ability of stronger drought-enduring, cold-resistant, resistance to soil depletion, fits and is born in average temperature of the whole year 6-9 DEG C, the climatic region of year precipitation 500-1200 millimeter.At northwest drought, the semiarid zone also normal growth of year precipitation 200-400 millimeter.But its not resistance to water logging, long-time root ponding then can rotten death.Fast-growing Chinese scholartree also has extremely strong resistance to soil depletion ability, no matter sandy soil, barren hill barrenly, Degraded Pastures, flood land, light acid soil and light saline land, the sandstone gravel of slagheap and weathering even for many years can grow.
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree root system is huge, tool root nodule, and nitrogen fixing capacity is very strong, effectively can improve soil, promotes soil fertility.Tillering of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is extremely strong with regeneration capacity, and after cradling, just pier shape is grown thickly, and average every pier germinating 10-20 branch, can reach at most 40 branches.And great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree is after plant is cut down, residual being completely cured remained in soil is also can fast germination growth.
Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, has the title of " king of leaf feed ", and be about 21-25% containing crude protein in great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree cured leaf, 2 kilograms of Chinese scholartree leaf powder are equivalent to 1 kilogram of soya-bean cake class crude protein content.Containing crude fat 4-5.5%, raw fiber 11-15%.Be rich in multivitamin, trace element and several amino acids, belong to high energy feed.Great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree cauline leaf is fresh and tender, and quality is soft, and good palatability, digestibility is high, the equal eating of all kinds of livestock and poultry such as ox, sheep.And growing of livestock and poultry can be promoted significantly, livestock and poultry are had no side effect.
Plantation great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree can be improved the ecological environment, can be used as the transformation of desertization wasteland, the Northwest to check winds and fix drifting sand, southwest Karst Mountains Desertification Area transformation, both water and soil loss was prevented, water conservation, can promote again the development of local livestock breeding industry, simultaneously fast-growing Chinese scholartree have again that implantation methods is simple, extensive management and the high feature of survival rate, make it have the very large market demand, the research therefore strengthening fast-growing Chinese scholartree propagation technique has become the emphasis of current fast-growing Chinese scholartree research.
In the process of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree kind root nursery breeding; usually can run into some problems; first is exactly the problem how root of root (3-5mm) thinner in the root of fast-growing Chinese scholartree side carries out utilizing; second in the north; it is more late time the Spring Festival, soil thawed; how to improve annual long-term in, the harvesting number of times of fast-growing Chinese scholartree branches and leaves.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned two technical problems, carried out extensive experimentation, finally adopt the method for nutrient discs nursery, this method not only makes the kind root of diameter 3-5mm also can utilize, and survival rate is close to 100%.If adopt warm canopy nursery simultaneously, then can time advance.Namely what just can thaw at soil in the north starts nursery the previous moon, then can directly transplant after soil thaws, thus improves working effect, and the survival rate of transplanted seedling is also significantly higher than and directly plants seedling.And adopt nutrient discs nursery just can realize extensive nursery, thus reach the target of factorial seedling growth.
A kind of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree nutrient discs seedling-cultivating method step provided by the invention is as follows:
(1) suitable age of nursery is selected;
(2) preparation before nursery: preparing plastic booth; Corresponding porous nutrient discs is prepared according to a diameter not of the same race; The kind root of fast-growing Chinese scholartree is cut into the root segment of certain length, for the root segment being cut into 8cm of more than diameter 5mm, for the root segment being then cut into 10cm of diameter 3-5mm; And the soil selected for nutrient discs, sieve soil, dries, and removing foreign material wherein;
(3) plant root cuttage: be nutrient discs dress soil, the kind root then sheared described in nutrient discs cuttage, and be nutrient discs trickle, nutrient discs is added, put into booth thermal insulation after added;
(4) seedling management: the humidity keeping environment residing for nutrient discs, and regularly weeding;
(5) transplant: select hardening after right times, whole, dig pit, trickle, transplanting, again trickle;
(6) management after transplanting: be the seedling moisturizing after transplanting, and weeding deinsectization.
Further, wherein in step (1), push ahead in the time that plan is transplanted and carry out concentrated nursery in about 40 days.
Further, wherein in step (2), the kind root nutrient discs in 32 holes of more than diameter 5mm concentrates nursery, and the kind root of diameter 3-5mm adopts the nutrient discs in 50 holes to concentrate nursery.
Further, wherein in step (2), the soil of fertile vegetable garden soil as nutrient discs is selected.
Further, wherein in the middle cuttage step of step (3), by the root segment sheared, insert nursery hole, insert 4-5cm in soil.
Further, wherein in the middle trickle step of step (3), if sinkage appears in soil, then soil is added again and compacting.
Further, wherein in the middle booth thermal insulation step of step (3), need not heat in southern area, northern area keeps greenhouse temperature at 20-25 DEG C.
Further, the time of wherein transplanting selection in step (5) is luxuriant for treating seedling branches and leaves, and soil thaws, and temperature starts to transplant when presenting rise situation.
Further, wherein in step (5) during hardening, the plastic film of booth is raised, allow the hardening process that the direct ingress of air of seedling carries out 2-3 days, to adapt to outside climatic environment;
During whole ground, by transplanting carry out smooth, place to go foreign material and weeds, and excavate drain ditch on the ground;
When digging pit, dig pit according to the seeding row spacing of planting plan, and remove the foreign material in hole, hole about degree of depth 20cm, and spread soft fine earth at the end, hole;
During trickle, the previous day of transplanting, nutrient discs is drenched and to stand up water, the soil in nutrient discs is tightened together, be convenient to whole young plant and connect soil mud and go out;
During transplanting, seedling band soil mud is gone out and plants in hole, and uses native landfill, finally that soil pressure is real;
And drench once permeable to seedling after transplanting terminates.
Further, during weeding step wherein in step (6), before the closing of fast-growing Chinese scholartree envelope row, at least weeding twice.
Implement seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, there is following beneficial effect:
1) improve the reproduction coefficient of kind of root, improve the producing level compared with radicula system, add the reproduction coefficient of unit length kind root.
2) shift to an earlier date seedling raise period, nutrient discs concentrates nursery to adopt booth to carry out breeding, and in the north, soil in spring can start nursery before thawing, and by seedling raise period one month earlier left and right, can be able to plant after soil thaws.
3) improve the survival rate of seedling, nutrient discs concentrates nursery, convenient management, thus also improves survival rate of seedling.
4) reduce the consumption of Nutrition Soil, the hole of nutrient discs is less, the Nutrition Soil adopted, and relative to nutrition cup, the consumption of Nutrition Soil significantly reduces, and the service efficiency increasing of Nutrition Soil is paid.
5) concentrated nursery unified management is convenient to.Nutrient discs nursery is concentrated at booth and is carried out, and is convenient to unification and carries out water and fertilizer management.
Embodiment
Great Ye fast-growing Sophora is in hybridization seeds, and unisexual flower, without stamen, only bloom and do not bear seeds, branch and the root system of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree have very strong sprouting ability, and can germinate seedling after branch grafting and cuttage, taproot and lateral root all can germinate seedling, but grafting and cuttage are due to time-consuming, and survival rate is low, now less employing, mainly adopts kind of root and seedling to breed now, stem with root is called seedling, and main root side root is all called kind of a root.
Seedling has lignified stem and root system, and environmental suitability and plantation survival rate are significantly higher than kind of a root, and branches and leaves and root system germinating speed are significantly higher than kind of a root.Be selected in after spring, soil thawed at northern repoductive time, and on Nanning, Liuzhou and other places, in the fall, spring all can plant, and drops to 15 degrees centigrade from max. daily temperature, rise to before 30 DEG C to max. daily temperature, all can plant before May time from December to next year.Planting patterns adopts trench digging to do Gansu Province plantation, and spacing in the rows 60cm, line-spacing 80cm, density is planted with the density of every mu of 1500-2000 strain.
The excavation of gathering of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree seedling and kind root will come off completely at great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree blade, and root system is stopped action, and trees carry out after entering resting stage, can ensure that kind of a root activity preserves from like this.Therefore all can carry out nursery stock spring in autumn to gather.Quality is better because dormancy time is long for the seedling that spring excavates and kind root, and it is no matter southern and northern, the seedling of gathering spring and kind root all can be planted, and the seedling that autumn excavates and kind root, southern seedling can be planted, kind of root can adopt the method for overlay film nursery to breed, and also can tie integrated bundle and be imbedded to keep moisture until spring plants in soil or sand again, but the seedling to excavate autumn of the north and kind root can only carry out heeling in until spring soil plant again after thawing.Chinese scholartree also finds great Ye fast-growing in the process of planting, seedling transplanting survival rate is higher, plant root transplanting survival rate relatively low, if for the restoration of the ecosystem of Karst Mountains Desertification Area, then need to adopt comparatively sturdy seedling, if for fodder forest, and be planted on loose soil, then seedling both can have been adopted also can to adopt kind of a root.
The kind root of fast-growing Chinese scholartree has very strong asexual multiplication ability, under the condition that temp. and humidity is suitable, plants root and can germinate and leaf bud and Xin Gen, and generates a new plant.Under study for action, find at kind of root when keeping flat, the leaf bud on kind root and root system germinate at random, and position is indefinite.If by root system cuttage in wet sand, then show epimere and sprout, the phenomenon taken root in lower end.
According to this discovery, inventor goes through test of many times, tries to adopt the method for cuttage to breed, and found that kind of a root cuttage and seedling culture survival rate is significantly increased.Found by analysis and research, when cuttage, it is long that root segment is cut into 10cm, insert underground 6-7cm, acrial part 3-4cm, under ground portion absorbs moisture, keeps the humidity of root segment, acrial part is exposed in the air, ventilated, be conducive to the respiration of root skin, be conducive to the sprouting of leaf bud, and the leaf bud of germinating also can carry out photosynthesis in time, makes the survival rate of seedling increase.Cuttage and seedling culture propagation method can be avoided flatly burying in earthing seedling raising process, because the factor such as soil moisture content, gas permeability sprouts some harmful effects produced to kind of root traditional.
Introduce a fine variety reproduction test from the end of the year in 2009 with hand research central Guilin area, Guangxi great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, through the research more than 2 years, find out the fast-growing Chinese scholartree seed root propagation technology of a set of relative maturity, embodiment is as follows:
1 nursery period
Adopt the extensive nursery of nutrient discs, the time can transplanted in plan pushes ahead and carries out concentrated nursery in about 40 days, because intemperance, adopts warm canopy to carry out nutrient discs nursery, to ensure the survival rate of seedling.
Preparation before 2 nursery
The first, be exactly preparing plastic booth.
The second, porous plastics nutrient discs, we adopt nutrient discs be purchased from Taizhou City of Zhejiang Province peasants who dig gold Shai Wang factory produce 32 holes and 50 hole plastic nutritional dishes, nutrient discs thickness reaches 1mm, durable, the square hole dish for cultivating that we adopt, also can adopt circular hole dish for cultivating, be determined on a case-by-case basis.
32 hole nutrient discs, the size of dish can be 54 cm * 28 cm, and the degree of depth is 6cm.The kind root of more than diameter 5mm just concentrates nursery by the nutrient discs in 32 holes.The kind root of diameter 3-5mm adopts 50 holes, and the size of dish can be 54 cm * 28 cm, and the degree of depth is that the nutrient discs of 5cm concentrates nursery.The utilization ratio of dish can be improved like this, the dish of other appropriate sizes can certainly be adopted.
3rd, the kind root of fast-growing Chinese scholartree is cut into the root segment of certain length, for the root segment being cut into 8cm of more than diameter 5mm, for the root segment being then cut into 10cm of diameter 3-5mm;
4th, sieve soil, selects fertile vegetable garden soil, dries, and with the foreign material such as sandstone, rubble that solarization mesh screen goes wherein.
3 kinds of root cuttages
The first, dress soil, loads the vegetable garden soil be sieved in nutrient discs, and is scraped off by unnecessary soil with plank
The second, cuttage, by the root segment sheared, inserts nursery hole, inserts 4-5cm in soil,
3rd, trickle, adopt watering can, thin water drenches nutrient discs soil, if sinkage appears in soil, then adds soil again and compacting.
4th, added, after nutrient discs all installs trickle, put added for nutrient discs, the yoke of wooden formula structure can be adopted, also can adopt stainless steel plate rail, can not illumination cultivation be adopted.
5th, booth thermal insulation, in southern area, can not heat in warm canopy, in north of china in winter severe cold, then needs to heat to warm canopy, keeps greenhouse temperature at 20-25 DEG C.
4 seedling managements
The first, keep humidity.Observe soil moisture status in nursery every day.Regular trickle, ensures ground moistening
The second, regular weeding.Because weed seed may be mixed with in vegetable garden soil, therefore, the weeds grown in nutrient discs to regularly be removed, in order to avoid affect the growth of seedling.
5 transplant
The first, the time.Treat that seedling branches and leaves are luxuriant, and soil thaws, temperature starts to present rise situation, can transplant.
The second, hardening.The plastic film of booth is raised, allows the hardening process that the direct ingress of air of seedling carries out 2-3 days, to adapt to outside climatic environment.
3rd, wholely.By transplanting carry out smooth, place to go rubble, fragment of brick and weeds, and excavate drain ditch on the ground.
4th, dig pit.Dig pit according to the seeding row spacing of planting plan, and remove the foreign material such as rubble, sandstone and the grass roots in hole, hole about degree of depth 20cm, and spread soft fine earth at the end, hole.
5th, trickle.The previous day of transplanting, nutrient discs is drenched and to stand up water, the soil in nutrient discs is tightened together, be convenient to whole young plant and connect soil mud and go out, thus reduce because of the impact of root system damage on transplanting survival rate.
6th, transplant.Seedling band soil mud is gone out and plants in hole, and uses native landfill, finally that soil pressure is real.
7th, trickle.Transplanting terminates rear once permeable to seedling pouring, makes seedling adapt to new environment as early as possible.
6 transplant rear management
The first, moisturizing.After seedling replanting, often to water the humidity keeping soil enough, also will prevent rainfall from causing damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging simultaneously, perform drainage works.
The second, weeding.Although great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree growth fraction is very fast, the too fast growth of grass can affect the growth of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree, therefore, before the closing of fast-growing Chinese scholartree envelope row, at least will except twice grass, and guarantee seedling grows well.
3rd, deinsectization.Because the branches and leaves of great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree have abundant nutritive value, therefore, its insect pest also occurs often, therefore, when finding that there is insect pest, effect a radical cure in time.
The technique effect that nutrient discs nursery obtains:
1) improve the reproduction coefficient of kind of root, improve the producing level compared with radicula system, add the reproduction coefficient of unit length kind root.
2) shift to an earlier date seedling raise period, nutrient discs concentrates nursery to adopt booth to carry out breeding, and in the north, soil in spring can start nursery before thawing, and by seedling raise period one month earlier left and right, can be able to plant after soil thaws.
3) improve the survival rate of seedling, nutrient discs concentrates nursery, convenient management, thus also improves survival rate of seedling.
4) reduce the consumption of Nutrition Soil, the hole of nutrient discs is less, the Nutrition Soil adopted, and relative to nutrition cup, the consumption of Nutrition Soil significantly reduces, and the service efficiency increasing of Nutrition Soil is paid.
5) concentrated nursery unified management is convenient to.Nutrient discs nursery is concentrated at booth and is carried out, and is convenient to unification and carries out water and fertilizer management.
Above disclosedly be only some preferred embodiments of the present invention, do not limit interest field of the present invention with this, therefore according to the equivalent variations that the claims in the present invention are done, still belong to the scope that the present invention is contained.
Claims (3)
1. a great Ye fast-growing Chinese scholartree nutrient discs seedling-cultivating method, is characterized in that:
(1) select the suitable age of nursery, push ahead in the time that plan is transplanted and carry out concentrated nursery in about 40 days;
(2) preparation before nursery: preparing plastic booth; Corresponding porous nutrient discs is prepared according to a diameter not of the same race; The kind root of fast-growing Chinese scholartree is cut into the root segment of certain length, the root segment being cut into 8cm for more than diameter 5mm also concentrates nursery by the nutrient discs in 32 holes as kind of root, and the root segment being then cut into 10cm for diameter 3-5mm also concentrates nursery by the nutrient discs in 50 holes as kind of root; And select the soil of fertile vegetable garden soil for nutrient discs, sieve soil, dries, and removing foreign material wherein;
(3) root cuttage is planted: be the kind root that nutrient discs dress is native, then shear described in nutrient discs cuttage, and be nutrient discs trickle, nutrient discs is added, put into booth thermal insulation after added;
(4) seedling management: the humidity keeping environment residing for nutrient discs, and regularly weeding;
(5) transplant: select hardening after right times, whole, dig pit, trickle, transplanting, again trickle, transplanting the time selected is: treat that seedling branches and leaves are luxuriant, and soil thaws, temperature starts to transplant when presenting rise situation;
(6) transplant after management: for transplant after seedling moisturizing and weeding deinsectization;
Wherein in step (5):
During hardening, the plastic film of booth is raised, allow the hardening process that the direct ingress of air of seedling carries out 2-3 days, to adapt to outside climatic environment;
During whole ground, transplanting is carried out smooth, removes foreign material and weeds, and excavate drain ditch on the ground;
When digging pit, dig pit according to the seeding row spacing of planting plan, and remove the foreign material in hole, hole about degree of depth 20cm, and spread soft fine earth at the end, hole;
During trickle, the previous day of transplanting, nutrient discs is drenched and to stand up water, the soil in nutrient discs is tightened together, be convenient to whole young plant and connect soil mud and go out;
During transplanting, seedling band soil mud is gone out and plants in hole, and uses native landfill, finally that soil pressure is real;
And drench once permeable to seedling after transplanting terminates.
2. the method for claim 1: it is characterized in that:
In step (3) in cuttage step, by the root segment sheared, insert nursery hole, insert 4-5cm in soil;
In step (3) in trickle step, if sinkage appears in soil, then add soil again and compacting;
In step (3) in booth thermal insulation step, need not heat in southern area, and northern area keeps greenhouse temperature at 20-25 DEG C.
3. the method for claim 1: it is characterized in that: during weeding step in step (6), before the closing of fast-growing Chinese scholartree envelope row, at least weeding twice.
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| CN106376390A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-08 | 泗县美丽园艺农民专业合作社 | Method of root cuttage of fast-growing locust trees in greenhouse |
| CN109197333A (en) * | 2018-10-01 | 2019-01-15 | 泓森林业有限公司 | A kind of locust tree root method for culturing seedlings |
| CN110122152A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Sandliving sophora seed factory culturing method |
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| CN101803524B (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2011-04-27 | 北京林业大学 | Hardwood cutting propagation method for tetraploid robinia pseudoacacia |
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