CN104124447B - 一种新型Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种新型Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000001727 glucose Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N (r)-(6-ethoxyquinolin-4-yl)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]methanol;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)CC)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OCC)C=C21 QNRATNLHPGXHMA-XZHTYLCXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018095 Ni-MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018477 Ni—MH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 ammonia radical ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M4/1315—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx containing halogen atoms, e.g. LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
本发明提供一种新型锂离子电池负极材料，该负极材料为杆状，杆长度为1-5μm，直径为100nm-1μm。所述的杆状Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，是以乙酸钴、氟化钠和六次甲基四胺或葡萄糖为基础原料，在水热条件下发生化学反应，得到杆状Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料。该负极材料合成方法简单，易于操作；所得样品为微杆状，长度1~5μm，直径100nm~1μm；所制备材料容量较高，在锂离子电池中有潜在应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，特别涉及一种杆状Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，属于电化学新型材料领域。
背景技术
锂离子电池具有工作电压高，比容量高，比功率大，充放电电位曲线平稳，循环寿命长，无记忆效应，自放电小，环境友好等优点，是继镍镉电池、镍氢电池之后的第三代小型蓄电池，因而广泛应用于笔记本电脑，手机等移动便携设备。此外，锂离子电池也被视为是未来电动交通工具的理想动力源。未来锂离子电池的研究方向主要集中在研发高比能量、高功率锂离子电池，而其关键在于设计并制备出高容量、倍率性能优越的电极材料。目前，正极材料一般是含锂过渡族金属氧化物（LiCoO2,LiFePO4，LiMn2O4,LiN1-y-zMnyCozOz等），现有正极材料的特点是充放电电位较高，循环性能较稳定，但比容量偏低。传统的石墨负极材料理论容量较低，且密度较低，体积比容量低。另外其嵌锂电位较低容易导致安全问题。因而研发新型高容量、高性能负极材料成为了提高锂离子电池容量的有效途径。钴基复合材料在锂离子电池的发展中一直起着重要的作用，例如钴酸锂作为锂离子电池正极材料促进了锂离子电池的发展，在很长一段时间内成为了主要的正极材料的。而其它种类的钴基复合材料，如LiCoPO4，LiCoPO4F，LiCoSO4F，LiCoSO4OH，CoCO3和Co2SnO4等也表现出较好的电化学性能。因此，发展简单方法制备具有特殊形貌和结构的新型钴基复合材料并研究其电化学性能具有重要的意义。到目前为止，关于Co(OH)F材料的电化学性能研究尚未见报道。基于以上背景，本专利发明一种制备杆状Co(OH)F材料的新方法，以其作为锂离子电池负极显示了明显了充、放电平台，表明其在锂离子电池中有潜在的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于以乙酸钴、氟化钠和六次甲基四胺或葡萄糖为原料，通过水热法制备杆状锂离子电池负极材料Co(OH)F。其原理就是利用水热条件下的高温、高压环境促进溶液中化学反应过程，从而制备结晶性能良好的杆状Co(OH)F。
本发明所涉及的Co(OH)F合成原料为乙酸钴、氟化钠和六次甲基四胺。材料制备过程中，先将乙酸钴、氟化钠和六次甲基四胺按一定比例称取，放置于烧杯中加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，然后转移至水热反应釜中于120℃~180℃反应12~48小时。将反应产物离心、烘干、收集。
本发明所涉及的Co(OH)F负极材料及制备方法具有以下几个显著的特点：
（1）本发明利用六次甲基四胺在水热条件下缓慢释放氨根离子为溶液提供碱性环境，促进化学反应发生。
（2）合成方法简单，易于操作。
（3）所得样品为微杆状，长度1~5μm，直径100nm~1μm。
（4）所制备材料容量较高，在锂离子电池中有潜在应用。
附图说明：
图1实施例1所制备样品的XRD图谱。
图2实施例1所制备样品的SEM图。
图3实施例1所制备样品的首次充、放电曲线(a)和循环性能图(b)。
图4实施例2所制备样品的XRD图谱。
图5实施例2所制备样品的SEM图谱。
图6实施例3所制备样品的XRD图谱。
具体实施方式：
实施例1
将乙酸钴、氟化钠和六次甲基四胺按摩尔比为1：1：5称取，放置于烧杯中加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，转移至水热斧中在120℃下反应24小时，将反应产物用酒精、蒸馏水离心清洗，转移至培养皿中烘干可得样品。结果表明，所制备的样品经XRD图谱分析，位于20.9°,32.3°,33.5°,34.7°,35.6°,38.8°,39.9°,43.6°,51.9°,52.8°,56.9°,59.1°和61.6o处的衍射峰与正交晶系Co(OH)F的(110),(310),(201),(400),(111),(211),(410),(311),(221),(420),(511),(002)和(601)晶面对应，与XRD卡片JCPDS，no.50-0827一致。所制备的样品经SEM表征，如图2(a)所示，由大量微杆组成，其长度分布为1~5μm。由图2(b)可见，微杆的直径分布为100nm~1μm之间。如图3为所制备的杆状锂离子电池负极材料Co(OH)F的首次充、放电曲线及循环性能，其首次充、放电比容量分别为661.1、992mAh/g，40次循环之后充、放电容量分别为330.1、332.8mAh/g，表明其在锂离子电池中有潜在的应用价值。
实施例2
将乙酸钴、氟化钠和葡萄糖按摩尔比1：1；1称取，放置于烧杯中加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，转移至水热斧中于120℃反应24小时，将反应产物用酒精、蒸馏水离心清洗，转移至培养皿中烘干可得样品。经XRD图谱分析表明，如图4所示，所得样品主要成分仍为正交晶系的Co(OH)F（JCPDS，no.50-0827），位于23°和46.7°处的衍射峰表明所制备样品含有少量钴的碳氧化合物杂质。所制备的样品经SEM表征，如图5(a)所示，由大量不规则颗粒组成。由图5(b)可见，颗粒的平均尺寸约500nm。
实施例3
将乙酸钴和氟化钠按1：1称取，放置于烧杯中加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，转移至水热斧中于120℃反应24小时，将反应产物用酒精、蒸馏水离心清洗，转移至培养皿中烘干可得样品。经XRD图谱分析表明，如图6所示，所得样品为NaCoF4和NaCoF3的混合物。
Claims (2)
1.一种Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：将乙酸钴、氟化钠和六次甲基四胺按摩尔比为1：1：5称取，放置于烧杯中加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，转移至水热釜中在120℃下反应24小时，将反应产物用酒精、蒸馏水离心清洗，转移至培养皿中烘干可得杆状Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料，杆长度为1-5μm，直径为100nm-1μm。
2.一种Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料的制备方法，其特征在于：将乙酸钴、氟化钠和葡萄糖按摩尔比1：1：1称取，放置于烧杯中加蒸馏水搅拌均匀，转移至水热斧中于120℃反应24小时，将反应产物用酒精、蒸馏水离心清洗，转移至培养皿中烘干可得颗粒状Co(OH)F锂离子电池负极材料，颗粒的平均尺寸为500nm。
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| CN107265518B (zh) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-03-29 | 北京科技大学 | 一种具有六角星结构的锂离子电池负极材料Co(OH)F及制备方法 |
| CN108467068B (zh) * | 2018-03-26 | 2020-08-04 | 宁夏大学 | Cox(OH)yM的制备方法及其用途 |
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