CN104124022B - A kind of CNT base magnetic nano composite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of CNT base magnetic nano composite and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN104124022B
CN104124022B CN201410351461.3A CN201410351461A CN104124022B CN 104124022 B CN104124022 B CN 104124022B CN 201410351461 A CN201410351461 A CN 201410351461A CN 104124022 B CN104124022 B CN 104124022B
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preparation
nitrogen
carbon nanometer
nano composite
doped carbon
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CN104124022A (en
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朱路平
汪玲玲
邴乃慈
李奕怀
王利军
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Jianling Environmental Protection Technology Shanghai Co ltd
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Shanghai Polytechnic University
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Abstract

The invention belongs to technical field of nano material, be specially a kind of CNT base magnetic nano composite and preparation method thereof.In the present invention, first use chemical vapour deposition technique to prepare nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe, the most again with solvent-thermal method load iron magnetic metal nano particle on nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe, thus obtain CNT base magnetic nano composite.The beneficial effects of the present invention is: the cost of raw material needed for its preparation method is cheap, preparation technology is simple, can prepare in a large number, be suitable to large-scale production and application.The composite good dispersion that the present invention obtains, nano metallic nickel granular material is in granular form on nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe (CNx) surface and is uniformly distributed, size uniformity.

Description

A kind of CNT base magnetic nano composite and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to nano material synthesis technical field, more particularly, it relates to a kind of CNT base magnetic nano Composite and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Since Japanese S. Iijima in 1991 finds CNT (Carbon nanotubes, CNTs), carbon nanometer One-dimensional nano structure unique for Guan Yiqi, high draw ratio, the hardness that can match in excellence or beauty with diamond, high tenacity, excellent conduction Property, thermal conductivity and unique magnetic performance, be widely used in Field Electron Emission, high-frequency wideband electro-magnetic wave absorption and heat conduction, Multiple field such as hydrogen storage and catalysis.
But CNT exists easily assembles bunchy or winding, the shortcoming of indissoluble in most of solvent, simultaneously and its He compares by nano particle, and it is that every layer of nanotube is by one by the seamless tubular shaped structure of single or multiple lift graphite curling Carbon atom passes through SP2The face of cylinder of the hexagon plane composition that three carbon atoms of hydridization and surrounding are bonded completely, it is close to Perfect integrated structure, hinders the intervention of foreign body and defect so that it is have superpower mechanical property and the highest chemistry Stability, therefore its chemism is even lower than graphite, shows of a relatively high chemical 'inertia'.The above shortcoming pole The earth constrains it and extensively applies.
Therefore, to one of modifying surface study hotspot becoming carbon nanotube-based material of CNT.For disappearing Except these limit, generally use the oxidants such as strong acid that CNT is carried out, make Surface Creation hydroxyl or the carboxyl etc. of carbon pipe contain Oxygen functional group.But carbon pipe is carried out oxidation processes meeting and " cuts off " or " cutting off " carbon pipe, thus change its original structure, impact Its original performance.On the other hand, strong acid treatment mode also creates negative effect to environment.And although other method of modifying is also The dispersiveness of CNT, hydrophily and chemism can be improved to a certain extent, but also can weaken it to a certain extent Other correlated performance.In recent years, by CNT is carried out ion doping, to improve the application performance of CNT, become One of study hotspot of CNT synthesis and application.CNT is doped and is possible not only to improve its dispersiveness, Solve the most difficult scattered shortcoming of CNT, and foreign atom can to change CNT partial charge close Degree, improves the electron transmission of CNT, reduces resistance coefficient.
CNxBeing a class special material with carbon element with tubular structure, it has the absorption property similar to common carbon pipe, power , Thermodynamically stable performance.Meanwhile, relative to carbon atom, nitrogen is many electronics than carbon, and these extra electronics can serve as Carrier, thus CNxShow the general characteristic of n-type semiconductor.Additionally, due to become in atom N single electronics to and nitrogen former Electronics extra on son, CNxConjugation and unique electricity and the chemical property of enhancing can be shown.On the one hand, pi-electron Cloud is in the introducing of carbon nano tube surface so that nitrogen doped carbon nanotube superficial layer presents certain electronegativity, can be widely applied to Catalysis, suction involve the fields such as electronic device.On the other hand, CNxAtom N on framework can as chemical active sites, and then Can be in the case of processing without surface, it is achieved metal, oxide and other semi-conducting materials etc. are in its carbon nano tube surface Load.Recently, the cladding on nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe surface such as metal, oxide and load thus form grinding of composite Study carefully and have become as an extremely important field.Ferromagnetic metal is the soft magnetic materials that a class is important, predominantly 3d transition group gold Ferrious material in genus, i.e. Fe, Co, Ni and alloy thereof, it is widely used in electronic device, information stores, catalysis, the neck such as stealthy Territory.
Owing to the ferromagnetism of ferromagnetic metal derives from its 3d electronics cruised, its saturation magnetic moment is determined by band structure, When the particle diameter of magnetic-particle is reduced to nanoscale, the reduction of its surface coordination number causes the change of band structure, nanometer The atomic magnetic moment of grain would generally change with the change of particle size.Additionally, the shape of magnetic-particle and structure are to its magnetic property Also have a major impact, such as, by the control to magnetic-particle shape, corresponding magnetic recording density can be improved, improve material DYNAMIC MAGNETIC.Therefore, ferromagnetic metal is combined with nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe, obtains pattern and special novel of structure Its performance is also studied and is become the focus of current research by micro-nano magnetic composite.Due to CNT and ferromagnetism Metallic acts synergistically, and can show that the enhancing effect of excellence at these composites.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of CNT base magnetic nano and be combined Material and preparation method thereof, its preparation technology is simple, with low cost.The CNT base magnetic nano composite tool obtained There is excellent properties.
The present invention use chemical vapour deposition technique be prepared for nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe, then with solvent-thermal method at nitrating carbon Load iron magnetic metal nano particle on nanotube, thus obtain CNT base magnetic nano composite.Concrete technical side Case is as follows.
The present invention provides the preparation method of a kind of CNT base magnetic nano composite, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CNx
Being impregnated in soluble iron salting liquid by the molecular sieve processed, dry, roasting, obtains the carbon nanometer of iron content afterwards Control preparing catalyst;Again under above-mentioned catalyst action, with organic amine as carbon source with nitrogen source, by chemical vapour deposition technique system Standby nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CNx;
(2) preparation of CNT base magnetic nano composite
1. nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CN step (1) preparedXWith NaOH or HF process, removal wherein remains Molecular sieve;
2. by the nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CN after above-mentioned processXJoin in solvent, sonic oscillation so that it is fully dispersed, Obtain suspension;
3. in above-mentioned suspension, add salt and the reducing agent of solubility ferrous iron magnetic metal M, enter in closed container Row solvent heat treatment;Wherein: described M is respectively selected from one or more in Fe, Co or Ni;Described reducing agent is hydrazine hydrate;Institute The reaction temperature stating solvent heat treatment is 200 ~ 220 DEG C, and the reaction time is 2 ~ 4 hours;
Described nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe material CNXBe 0.02 ~ 0.2g, the salt of solubility ferrous iron magnetic metal M 0.0067 ~ 0.134mol/l, volume 1 ~ 10 ml of hydrazine hydrate.
4., after reaction terminates, filter, wash, be dried to obtain CNT base magnetic nano composite.
In above-mentioned steps (1), described soluble ferric iron salt is selected from, FeCl3、Fe(NO3)3、Fe2(SO4)3、FeCl2、FeSO4Or (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2In one or more.
In above-mentioned steps (1), described organic amine is selected from ethylenediamine, diethylamine, methylamine, one in dimethylamine or pyridine or Several.
In above-mentioned steps (1), described dry temperature is 100 ~ 150 DEG C;The time being dried is 8 ~ 20 hours;Described roasting Temperature be 500 ~ 850 DEG C, roasting time is 2 ~ 8 hours.
In above-mentioned steps (2), described solvent is selected from deionized water, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycerine or dimethylformamide In one or more.
In above-mentioned steps (2), in the salt of described solubility ferrous iron ferromagnetic metal M, the divalent salts containing Fe is selected from FeCl2, FeSO4Or (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2In any one or several;Divalent salts containing Co is selected from Co (NO3)2, CoCl2, CoSO4Or Co(CH3COO)2In any one or several, the divalent salts containing Ni be selected from Ni (NO3)2, NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni (CH3COO)2And it is mixed Compound;The concentration of the salt of solubility ferrous iron ferromagnetic metal M is 0.0067 ~ 0.134mol/L.
The present invention also provides for a kind of CNT base magnetic nano composite obtained according to above-mentioned preparation method.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
1, in the present invention CNT without functionalization in advance;
2, the cost of raw material needed for the preparation method that the present invention provides is cheap;
3, the preparation method that the present invention provides need not special consersion unit, need not catalyst during heat treatment;
4, the whole preparation process that the present invention provides removes outside CNT preparation process, all carries out under air conditions, Protect without nitrogen;
5, the CNT base magnetic nano composite good dispersion that the present invention prepares, ferromagnetic metal nanoparticle Son is evenly distributed in carbon nano tube surface, structured size.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ESEM (SEM) photo of the Ni/CNx nano composite material that embodiment 1 prepares.
Fig. 2 is the Ni/CNx nano composite material M-H figure that embodiment 2 prepares.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated below by specific embodiment.
The preparation of embodiment 1 Ni/CNx nano composite material
(1), nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe material (CNX) preparation:
By 10 g soluble ferric iron salt FeCl3It is dissolved in deionized water;Then the NaY that 10 g processed it is added dropwise to Molecular sieve impregnates, after, it is dried 8 hours at a temperature of 100 ~ 150 DEG C, then 850 DEG C of roasting temperatures 2 hours, obtain The CNT catalyst for preparing of iron content;Again with ethylenediamine as carbon source with nitrogen source, under prepared catalyst action, with The flow velocity of 20mL/min, through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) design temperature 650 ~ 1000 DEG C, constant temperature 0.5 ~ 5 hour, obtains nitrogen Doped carbon nanometer pipe material (CNX);
(2), the preparation of Ni/CNx nano composite material
1. nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CN step (1) preparedX30min is stirred in HF solution, remove wherein The molecular sieve of residual;
2. by the nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CN after above-mentioned processXJoin in ethylene glycol, sonic oscillation so that it is fully divide Dissipate, obtain the suspension that concentration is 0.5 g/L of 40 mL;
3. in above-mentioned suspension, add 0.3 mmol Ni (NO3)2With 2 ml hydrazine hydrates, carry out in closed container Solvent heat treatment, its reaction temperature is 200 DEG C, and the reaction time is 4 hours;
4. after reaction terminates, filter, obtain the nano combined material of Ni/CNx with deionized water, ethanol washing, then vacuum drying Material;Scanning electron (SEM) photo of Ni/CNx nano composite material prepared by the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 1.As can be seen from Figure 1 Prepare sample the overwhelming majority carbon nano tube surface be coated with by W metal the most completely, only only a few CNT not by Ni is coated with, and the CNT that Ni is coated with presents exclusive cable shape structure, relative to uncoated CNT, Ni/ CNXThe diameter of nano composite material substantially increases slightly, and the CNT that surface is the most less coated with is coarse.These Ni nano particle chis Very little distribution is more uniform, and particle diameter is between tens nanometers.
Embodiment 2
By soluble ferric iron salt FeCl in the step (1) of embodiment 13With Fe (NO3)3, replacing, other steps and condition are all Same as in Example 1, equally obtain Ni/CNx nano composite material.Its Ni/CNx nano composite material M-H is schemed such as Fig. 2 Shown in.It can be seen that it is saturated to be that about 8000 Oe have basically reached at applying a magnetic field, and saturation magnetization (Ms) relatively Height, is slightly below the W metal block structure of pure phase more than 50 emu/g..
Embodiment 3
By the ethylenediamine in the step (1) of embodiment 1 with dimethylamine replace, other steps and condition all with embodiment 1 phase With, equally obtain Ni/CNx nano composite material.
Embodiment 4
Ni (NO in the step (2) of embodiment 13)2Replacing with other Ni salt, Fe salt and Co salt, other Ni salt include NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni (CH3COO)2And mixture;Fe salt, including FeCl2, FeSO4, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2And mixing Thing;Co salt, including Co (NO3)2, CoCl2, CoSO4, Co (CH3COO)2And mixture replaces Ni (NO3)2, other steps and bar Part is the most similar to Example 1, and actual conditions is made corresponding variation in the range of summary of the invention limits and adjusts, equally To Ni/CNx nano composite material, Fe/CNx nano composite material, Co/CNx nano composite material.
Embodiment 5
Except in step (2) with the divalent salts containing Ni, including NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni (CH3COO)2And mixture;Contain The divalent salts of Fe, including FeCl2, FeSO4, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2And mixture;Divalent salts containing Co, including Co (NO3)2, CoCl2, CoSO4, Co (CH3COO)2And mixture, therefrom any two kinds replace Ni (NO3)2, other steps and condition are all Similar to Example 2, actual conditions is made corresponding variation in the range of summary of the invention limits and adjusts, and is similarly obtained NiCo/ CNx nano composite material, FeCo/CNx nano composite material, FeNi/CNx nano composite material.
Embodiment 6
Except step (2) is with the divalent salts containing Ni in embodiment 6, including NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni (CH3COO)2And mixing Thing;Divalent salts containing Fe, including FeCl2, FeSO4, (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2And mixture;Divalent salts containing Co, including Co (NO3)2, CoCl2, CoSO4, Co (CH3COO)2And mixture, therefrom arbitrarily choose the divalent salts containing Ni, divalence containing Fe Salt and containing Co divalent salts totally three kinds replace Ni (NO3)2, other steps and condition are the most similar to Example 3, and actual conditions exists Summary of the invention makees corresponding variation and adjustment in the range of limiting, and is similarly obtained FeCoNi/CNx nano composite material.

Claims (7)

1. the preparation method of a CNT base magnetic nano composite, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CNx
NaY molecular sieve after calcining is placed in soluble iron salting liquid dipping, and dry, roasting, obtains the carbon nanometer of iron content afterwards Control preparing catalyst;Again under above-mentioned catalyst action, with organic amine as carbon source with nitrogen source, by chemical vapour deposition technique system Standby nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CNx;
(2) preparation of CNT base magnetic nano composite
1. nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CN step (1) preparedXWith NaOH or HF process, remove the molecule wherein remained Sieve;
2. by the nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe CN after above-mentioned processXJoin in solvent, sonic oscillation so that it is fully dispersed, obtain Suspension;
3. in above-mentioned suspension, add salt and the hydrazine hydrate of solubility ferrous iron magnetic metal M, carry out molten in closed container Agent is heat-treated;Wherein: described M is respectively selected from one or more in Fe, Co or Ni;The reaction temperature of described solvent heat treatment is 200 ~ 220 DEG C, the reaction time is 2 ~ 4 hours;Described nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe material CNXBe 0.02 ~ 0.2g, solubility ferrous iron Salt 0.0067 ~ the 0.134mol/l of magnetic metal M, volume 1 ~ 10 ml of hydrazine hydrate;
4., after reaction terminates, filter, wash, be dried to obtain CNT base magnetic nano composite.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), described soluble ferric iron salt is selected from FeCl3、Fe(NO3)3、Fe2(SO4)3、FeCl2、FeSO4Or (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2In one or more.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), described organic amine selected from ethylenediamine, One or more in diethylamine, methylamine, dimethylamine or pyridine.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1), described dry temperature is 100 ~ 150℃;The time being dried is 8 ~ 20 hours;The temperature of described roasting is 500 ~ 850 DEG C, and roasting time is 2 ~ 8 hours.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2), described solvent selected from deionized water, One or more in ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycerine or dimethylformamide.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2), described solubility ferrous iron magnetic gold Belonging in the salt of M, the divalent salts containing Fe is selected from FeCl2, FeSO4Or (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2In any one or several;Divalence containing Co Salt is selected from Co (NO3)2, CoCl2, CoSO4Or Co (CH3COO)2In any one or several, the divalent salts containing Ni be selected from Ni (NO3)2, NiCl2, NiSO4, Ni (CH3COO)2And mixture;The concentration of the salt of solubility ferrous iron magnetic metal M is 0.0067 ~ 0.134mol/L。
The CNT base magnetic nano composite that preparation method the most according to claim 1 obtains.
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