CN104120233A - Method of rolling to prepare oriented high-silicon steel plate - Google Patents
Method of rolling to prepare oriented high-silicon steel plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104120233A CN104120233A CN201410313047.3A CN201410313047A CN104120233A CN 104120233 A CN104120233 A CN 104120233A CN 201410313047 A CN201410313047 A CN 201410313047A CN 104120233 A CN104120233 A CN 104120233A
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Abstract
The invention provides a method of rolling to prepare an oriented high-silicon steel plate, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The method mainly comprises steps of smelting, casting, slab heating, hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing, and the like. The method is characterized in that: (1) the slab heating step before hot rolling relates to low-temperature heating at a temperature lower than 1250 DEG C, and if the residual temperature of a slab is 1000-1300 DEG C, slab heating can be omitted and hot rolling is performed directly by utilization of the residua temperature, thus saving energy; and (2) a hot rolling plate is processed into a thin steel plate by adopting a one-time rolling method, an intermediate annealing step is omitted, and the production period is short. The method largely reduces the production cost by reducing the energy consumption in the slab heating step and shortening the production process of rolling, and has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, particularly the method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling.
Background technology
Oriented silicon steel is mainly used in the iron core of the power electronic devices such as transformer, barretter, be characterized in along steel plate roll to magnetic strength high.According to silicone content oriented silicon steel, can be divided into common orientation silicon steel (the weight percentage < 3.5% of silicon) and orientation high silicon steel (weight percentage of silicon is between 3.5%Si～7.0%%).Along with silicone content increases, the increase of oriented silicon steel magnetic permeability, specific conductivity and magnetostriction coefficient decline, so be orientated high silicon steel, have significant low iron loss and low noise advantage.
When manufacturing the high silicon steel of orientation, owing to relating to the control problem of inhibitor, need the slab heating temperature before strict restriction hot rolling, for example, in Japanese Patent JP4224625, mention, slab heating temperature T (℃) and t heat-up time (h) meet the following conditions: T≤1300-10t.But slab heat causes larger negative impact to being orientated the production of high silicon steel, and manufacturing cost is higher, and major cause has: 1. the oxidation of heat slab is serious, than the scaling loss amount of plain carbon stool, improves more than 4 times, and lumber recovery is low; 2. high silicon steel coarse grains and fusing point are low, and slab heat will be aggravated grain coarsening, and cause grain boundary oxidation even to melt, and during hot rolling, limit is split seriously, insufficient formability; 3. the iron scale that high temperature forms is difficult to remove clean, reduces product surface quality; 4. the aluminium in slab, silicon and carbon and airborne oxygen generation chemical reaction under high temperature, its content reduces, and product magnetic property is unstable; 5. equipment maintenance cost is high, the life-span is short.
In Japanese Patent JP4080321 and JP4362134, proposed to reduce the manufacturing technology of the high silicon steel sheet of orientation of slab heating temperature, mainly comprise smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling and annealing operation, it is characterized in that:, secondary recrystallization rear in primary recrystallization annealing carries out nitriding anneal before annealing; And by controlling primary recrystallization annealing process, be formed with the zone of oxidation that is beneficial to nitriding at surface of steel plate, that impels that inhibitor can stable and uniform is diffused into steel plate inside.Owing to having adopted AlN, be main inhibitor, its slab heating temperature can be reduced within the scope of 1150～1250 ℃.But the shortcoming of this manufacture method is to increase nitriding annealing operation after decarburizing annealing operation, is used for forming the AlN inhibitor of small and dispersed, the production process that makes to be orientated high silicon steel is more complicated, and cost further improves.
Be orientated high silicon steel and have below B2 and DO at 760 ℃
3ordered structure, warm cold deformation ability, easily produces limit and splits.Patent CN 201310734401 disclose a kind of adopt secondary or repeatedly cold-rolling practice manufacture be orientated the method for high silicon steel.Twice or repeatedly rolling be conducive to reduce work hardening, reduce mill load.A but rolling that there is no process annealing, by continuous temperature is cold rolling, can effectively reduces the degree of order and be formed with the fibrous tissue that is beneficial to plasticity and toughness, be conducive to improve working plasticity, and a rolling simplified Production Flow Chart, can reduce facility investment and shorten the production cycle.
In sum, for magnetic property excellence, complex manufacturing, the high silicon steel of orientation that production cost is high, exploitation slab low-temperature heat technology and a rolling that does not contain process annealing are the problems of needs solution at present.
Summary of the invention
The problems referred to above that exist in technology of preparing for the high silicon steel of existing orientation, the invention provides an a kind of rolling and prepare the method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet, slab need to not carry out heat above at 1250 ℃, do not use the secondary or the repeatedly rolling that contain process annealing, by strict control chemical composition, rolling and parameter and annealing, can realize perfect secondary recrystallization, thereby obtain oriented high-silicon-steel thin plates.
The method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling of the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: press set component and smelt, and be cast into slab at 1400～1600 ℃, set component is by weight percentage, C:0.05～0.30%, Si:4.0～7.0%, Mn:0.01～1.0%, Als :≤0.20%, Sn :≤0.50%, Sb :≤0.50%, Cu :≤0.50%, Mo :≤0.10%, Ni :≤0.50%, N :≤0.01%, S :≤0.02%, P :≤0.10%, surplus is Fe;
Step 2, process in two kinds of situation:
(1), when the remaining temperature of slab is less than 1000 ℃, slab is incubated to the equal thermal treatment of 5～600min at 1000～1250 ℃;
(2), when the remaining temperature of slab is 1000～1300 ℃, can carry out or not carry out equal thermal treatment; While carrying out equal thermal treatment, slab is incubated to 5～600min at 1000～1250 ℃.
Step 3: carry out hot rolling, 950～1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 750～1000 ℃ of finishing temperatures, hot rolling draft 50～99%, obtains hot-rolled steel sheet;
Step 4: adopt one time rolling, rolling temperature is 0～400 ℃, and total reduction is 50～92%, obtains steel sheet;
Step 5: by steel sheet decarburizing annealing and finished products; Decarburizing annealing temperature is 750～900 ℃, and the time is 0.5～60min, afterwards cool to room temperature; Finished products carries out under nonoxidizing atmosphere protection; first steel sheet is warmed up to 600～900 ℃ with the speed of 35～1000 ℃/h; then the speed with 5～70 ℃/h is heated to 1000～1200 ℃, finally, at 1000～1200 ℃ of insulation 0～10h, obtains the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
Wherein, the hot-rolled steel sheet that step 3 is obtained can carry out carry out step 4 again after normalizing processing, while carrying out normalizing processing, hot-rolled steel sheet is carried out to normalizing annealing at 800～1200 ℃, and annealing time is 0.5～200min.
Wherein, the nonoxidizing atmosphere in step 5 is rare gas element and/or reducing gas; Wherein, rare gas element is argon gas and/or nitrogen, and reducing gas is hydrogen, when nonoxidizing atmosphere is mixed gas, the volume ratio of mixed gas be arbitrarily than.
Wherein, the object of the insulation of 1000～1200 ℃ in step 5 0～10h is to make secondary recrystallization more perfect.If be heated to after 1000～1200 ℃ in the speed with 5～70 ℃/h, secondary recrystallization is perfect, does not have little crystal grain in steel plate, with regard to not needing, carries out 1000～1200 ℃ of insulations, thus soaking time under be limited to 0h.And soaking time surpasses 10h, the production cycle is oversize, and cost is too high, thus on be limited to 10h.
The present invention is orientated can impel and in hot-rolled sheet, forms the tiny gradient structure of the thick central core in top layer adding of C in high silicon steel sheet, and this tissue is conducive to single-orientated formation after secondary recrystallization.C content is less than 0.05%, can not bring into play this effect; C content is greater than 0.3%, can cause in decarburizing annealing operation decarburization not thorough, and residual carbon is unfavorable to finished product magnetic.
The present invention is orientated the effect that Mn in high silicon steel sheet can play desulfurization, improves hot rolling plasticity.
The present invention is orientated Als, Sn in high silicon steel sheet, Sb, Cu, Mo, Ni as the auxiliary inhibitor of secondary recrystallization, is conducive to single-orientated formation after secondary recrystallization.
N, S, P that the present invention is orientated in high silicon steel sheet are inevitable impurity in metallurgical process.
In preparation method of the present invention, the object of step 2 is in order to guarantee carrying out smoothly of step 3, and while carrying out the hot-rolled process of step 3, slab must have 1000 ℃ of above temperature.When the temperature of slab is during higher than 1000 ℃, can carry out equal thermal treatment, utilize remaining temperature carry out step 3, and the temperature of slab is during lower than 1000 ℃, need to carry out equal thermal treatment, when the temperature of slab reaches more than 1000 ℃, carry out step 3.In common oriented silicon steel manufacturing processed, before hot rolling, must carry out more than 1250 ℃ heat to slab, its objective is the Second Phase Particle solid solution that makes to be called as inhibitor, if fail to realize the solid solution of inhibitor in the process of slab heat, cannot produce oriented silicon steel.But slab heat has a plurality of shortcomings, comprising: the oxidation of heat slab is serious, reduces lumber recovery; Slab heat will be aggravated grain coarsening and grain boundary oxidation, and hot-rolling edge cracking is serious; The iron scale that high temperature forms can reduce product surface quality; Aluminium under high temperature in slab, silicon and carbon and airborne oxygen generation chemical reaction, product magnetic property is unstable; High-temperature heater maintenance cost is high.Above shortcoming can significantly increase the production cost of the high silicon steel of orientation.And step 2 in this patent is in order to meet the requirement of subsequent thermal processing, be not to make Second Phase Particle solid solution, without heat, therefore can reduce the energy and equipment loss, and improve lumber recovery and finished surface quality, reduced production cost.
Step 5 in preparation method of the present invention has adopted rolling one time.The rolling method of common orientation silicon steel is rolling and twice rolling once, and so-called twice rolling refers to and between twice rolling, have process annealing operation, its objective is that making the grain evolution of deformation states is equiaxed grain structure.Different from common silicon steel, the ordered structure that at room temperature high silicon steel exists makes it present significant work brittleness.Warm-rolling and cold rollingly can destroy ordered structure, improves the workability of high silicon steel.If adopt twice rolling comprising process annealing, the change procedure of ordered structure is: in the operation of rolling for the first time, the degree of order reduces gradually, and high silicon steel processibility promotes; Process annealing causes ordered structure to be recovered, and causes high silicon steel embrittlement; In the operation of rolling for the second time, the embrittlement that ordered structure causes causes limit to be split with the probability of broken belt increasing, and lumber recovery reduces.The rolling that in preparation method of the present invention, step 5 adopts, the embrittlement problem that does not exist process annealing operation to cause, the limit that can effectively reduce in forming process is split and broken belt problem, has improved production efficiency, has reduced production cost.
In sum, the method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling of the present invention, by reducing the energy consumption of heating of plate blank operation and the Production Flow Chart of shortening rolling, has significantly reduced production cost, has broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the orientation distribution function of the high silicon steel sheet central core of orientation prepared of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is permanent
with 45 ° of sectional views.
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure of the orientation high silicon steel sheet of the embodiment of the present invention 1 step 5 finished products temperature while reaching 950 ℃, and in figure, horizontal direction is product rolling direction, and vertical direction is product width direction.
Embodiment
The equipment of analyzing magnetic strength employing in the embodiment of the present invention is Iwatsu sy-8232 B-H analyser, and the magnetic property index of test is frequency 50Hz, the magnetic induction density B under foreign field 800A/m
8; The equipment that the orientation distribution function analysis of secondary recrystallization later stage adopts is Dutch PANalytical X-ray diffractometer X ' Pert PRO; The equipment that metallurgical analysis adopts is Olympus inverted metallurgic microscope, and model is GX71.
The finished products of step 5 in following examples, finished products carries out under nonoxidizing atmosphere protection, during heating and thermal insulation process furnace airtight or keep gas communication all can, adopt bulk purity >=99% of gas.
Embodiment 1
The method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: press set component and smelt, and be cast into slab at 1400 ℃, its composition is by weight percentage, C:0.30%, Si:7.0%, Mn:0.01%, N:0.01%, S:0.02%, P:0.10%, surplus is Fe;
Step 2: after tested, it is 1000 ℃ that slab enters the front remaining temperature of hot rolling unit, does not carry out equal thermal treatment;
Step 3: utilize the directly hot rolling of remaining temperature, 950 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 750 ℃ of finishing temperatures, hot rolling draft 50%, obtains hot-rolled steel sheet;
Hot-rolled steel sheet is carried out to normalizing annealing at 800 ℃, and annealing time is 200min;
Step 4: adopt one time rolling, rolling temperature is 400 ℃, and total reduction is 92%, obtains steel sheet;
Step 5: steel sheet is carried out to decarburizing annealing and finished products; The temperature of decarburizing annealing is 750 ℃, and the time is 0.5min, cool to room temperature; Finished products carries out under nitrogen protection; during heating and thermal insulation, process furnace is airtight, first steel sheet is warmed up to 600 ℃ with the speed of 35 ℃/h, then with the speed with 70 ℃/h, steel sheet is heated to 1000 ℃; finally, at 1000 ℃ of insulation 10h, obtain the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
Fig. 1 is that the orientation distribution function of the high silicon steel sheet of orientation prepared of the present embodiment is permanent
with 45 ° of sectional views, as seen from the figure, finished product is the high silicon steel of orientation with single Goss texture.Fig. 2 is the orientation high silicon steel sheet metallographic structure of the present embodiment step 5 finished products temperature while reaching 950 ℃, in figure, horizontal direction is product rolling direction, vertical direction is product width direction, as seen from the figure, when temperature reaches 950 ℃, obvious secondary recrystallization has occurred in steel plate, and in conjunction with the orientation distribution function analysis of Fig. 1, the crystal grain that can conclude abnormal growth is Goss orientation crystal grain.
The magnetic induction density B of the high silicon steel sheet of orientation that the present embodiment is prepared
8=1.45T.
Embodiment 2
The method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: press set component and smelt, and be cast into slab at 1600 ℃, its composition is by weight percentage, C:0.05%, Si:4.0%, Mn:1.0%, Als:0.20%, Sn:0.50%, Cu:0.50%, N:0.005%, S:0.006%, P:0.006%, surplus is Fe;
Step 2, after tested, it is 950 ℃ that slab enters the front remaining temperature of hot rolling unit, by heating of plate blank to 1250 ℃ insulation 600min;
Step 3: carry out hot rolling, 1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 1000 ℃ of finishing temperatures, hot rolling draft 99%, obtains hot-rolled steel sheet; Hot-rolled steel sheet is carried out to normalizing annealing at 1200 ℃, and annealing time is 0.5min.
Step 4: adopt one time rolling, rolling temperature is 0 ℃, and total reduction is 50%, obtains steel sheet;
Step 5: steel sheet is carried out to decarburizing annealing and finished products; The temperature of decarburizing annealing is 900 ℃, and the time is 60min, cool to room temperature; Finished products carries out under hydrogen shield; during heating and thermal insulation, process furnace keeps gas communication, first steel sheet is rapidly heated to 900 ℃ with the speed of 1000 ℃/h, and then the speed with 5 ℃/h is heated to 1200 ℃; finally, at 1200 ℃ of insulation 10h, obtain the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
The magnetic induction density B of the high silicon steel sheet of orientation that the present embodiment is prepared
8=1.75T.
Embodiment 3
The method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: press set component and smelt, and be cast into slab at 1470 ℃, its composition is by weight percentage, C:0.09%, Si:6.0%, Mn:0.08%, Als:0.10%, Sn:0.05%, Sb:0.50%, Ni:0.50%, N:0.006%, S:0.01%, P:0.01%, surplus is Fe;
Step 2, after tested, it is 1100 ℃ that slab enters the front remaining temperature of hot rolling unit, by heating of plate blank to 1150 ℃ insulation 60min;
Step 3: hot rolling, 1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 1000 ℃ of finishing temperatures, hot rolling draft 90%, obtains hot-rolled steel sheet;
Step 4: adopt one time rolling, rolling temperature is 100 ℃, and total reduction is 80%, obtains steel sheet;
Step 5: steel sheet is carried out to decarburizing annealing and finished products; The temperature of decarburizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the time is 5min, cool to room temperature; Finished products carries out under argon shield, and during heating and thermal insulation, process furnace is airtight, first steel sheet is warmed up to 900 ℃ with the speed of 50 ℃/h, and then the speed with 5 ℃/h is heated to 1100 ℃, finally, at 1200 ℃ of insulation 1h, obtains the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
The magnetic induction density B of the high silicon steel sheet of orientation that the present embodiment is prepared
8=1.60T.
Embodiment 4
The method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: press set component and smelt, and be cast into slab at 1570 ℃, its composition is by weight percentage, C:0.15%, Si:5.1%, Mn:0.10%, Als:0.10%, Sb:0.05%, Mo:0.10%, Ni:0.1%, N:0.006%, S:0.009%, P:0.009%, surplus is Fe;
Step 2, after tested, it is 1150 ℃ that slab enters the front remaining temperature of hot rolling unit,
Step 3: utilize the directly hot rolling of remaining temperature, 1050 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 950 ℃ of finishing temperatures, hot rolling draft 88%, obtains hot-rolled steel sheet;
Hot-rolled steel sheet is carried out to normalizing annealing at 1000 ℃, and annealing time is 30min;
Step 4: adopt one time rolling, rolling temperature is 200 ℃, and total reduction is 89%, obtains steel sheet;
Step 5: steel sheet is carried out to decarburizing annealing and finished products; The temperature of decarburizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the time is 20min, cool to room temperature; Finished products carries out under hydrogen and nitrogen mixed gas protected; the volume ratio of hydrogen and nitrogen is 4: 6; during heating and thermal insulation, process furnace is airtight; first steel sheet is warmed up to 800 ℃ with the speed of 200 ℃/h; then the speed with 25 ℃/h is heated to 1050 ℃; finally, at 1100 ℃ of insulation 0.5h, obtain the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
Speed with 50 ℃/h is heated to 1000～1200 ℃ by steel sheet, obtains the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
The magnetic induction density B of the high silicon steel sheet of orientation that the present embodiment is prepared
8=1.67T.
Embodiment 5
The method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: press set component and smelt, and be cast into slab at 1500 ℃, its composition is by weight percentage, C:0.18%, Si:6.7%, Mn:0.10%, Als:0.11%, Sb:0.05%, Mo:0.05%, Ni:0.2%, N:0.006%, S:0.009%, P:0.003%, surplus is Fe;
Step 2: after tested, it is 900 ℃ that slab enters the front remaining temperature of hot rolling unit, by heating of plate blank to 1000 ℃ insulation 60min;
Step 3: carry out hot rolling, 1080 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 1000 ℃ of finishing temperatures, hot rolling draft 65%, obtains hot-rolled steel sheet;
Hot-rolled steel sheet is carried out to normalizing annealing at 1100 ℃, and annealing time is 1min;
Step 4: adopt one time rolling, rolling temperature is 300 ℃, and total reduction is 70%, obtains steel sheet;
Step 5: steel sheet is carried out to decarburizing annealing and finished products; The temperature of decarburizing annealing is 850 ℃, and the time is 40min, cool to room temperature; Finished products carries out under hydrogen and argon gas mixed gas protected; the volume ratio of hydrogen and argon gas is 7: 3, and during heating and thermal insulation, process furnace is airtight, first steel sheet is warmed up to 800 ℃ with the speed of 50 ℃/h; then the speed with 15 ℃/h is heated to 1100 ℃, obtains the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
The magnetic induction density B of the high silicon steel sheet of orientation that the present embodiment is prepared
8=1.55T.
Embodiment 6
The method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1: press set component and smelt, and be cast into slab at 1520 ℃, its composition is by weight percentage, C:0.10%, Si:6.5%, Mn:0.08%, Als:0.06%, Sb:0.02%, Mo:0.01%, Cu:0.1%, N:0.003%, S:0.005%, P:0.008%, surplus is Fe;
Step 2, after tested, it is 1050 ℃ that slab enters the front remaining temperature of hot rolling unit, by heating of plate blank to 1150 ℃ insulation 30min;
Step 3: hot rolling, 1050 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 850 ℃ of finishing temperatures, hot rolling draft 95%, obtains hot-rolled steel sheet;
Step 4: adopt one time rolling, rolling temperature is 300 ℃, and total reduction is 80%, obtains steel sheet;
Step 5: steel sheet is carried out to decarburizing annealing and finished products; The temperature of decarburizing annealing is 800 ℃, and the time is 10min, cool to room temperature; Finished products carries out under nitrogen and argon gas mixed gas protected; the volume ratio of nitrogen and argon gas is 2: 8, and during heating and thermal insulation, process furnace is airtight, first steel sheet is warmed up to 700 ℃ with the speed of 50 ℃/h; then the speed with 5 ℃/h is heated to 1000 ℃, obtains the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
The magnetic induction density B of the high silicon steel sheet of orientation that the present embodiment is prepared
8=1.57T.
Claims (3)
1. the method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling, it is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1: press set component and smelt, and be cast into slab at 1400～1600 ℃, set component is by weight percentage, C:0.05～0.30%, Si:4.0～7.0%, Mn:0.01～1.0%, Als :≤0.20%, Sn :≤0.50%, Sb :≤0.50%, Cu :≤0.50%, Mo :≤0.10%, Ni :≤0.50%, N :≤0.01%, S :≤0.02%, P :≤0.10%, surplus is Fe;
Step 2, process in two kinds of situation:
(1), when the remaining temperature of slab is less than 1000 ℃, slab is incubated to the equal thermal treatment of 5～600min at 1000～1250 ℃;
(2), when the remaining temperature of slab is 1000～1300 ℃, can carry out or not carry out equal thermal treatment; While carrying out equal thermal treatment, slab is incubated to 5～600min at 1000～1250 ℃.
Step 3: carry out hot rolling, 950～1180 ℃ of start rolling temperatures, 750～1000 ℃ of finishing temperatures, hot rolling draft 50～99%, obtains hot-rolled steel sheet;
Step 4: adopt one time rolling, rolling temperature is 0～400 ℃, and total reduction is 50～92%, obtains steel sheet;
Step 5: by steel sheet decarburizing annealing and finished products; Decarburizing annealing temperature is 750～900 ℃, and the time is 0.5～60min, afterwards cool to room temperature; Finished products carries out under nonoxidizing atmosphere protection; first steel sheet is warmed up to 600～900 ℃ with the speed of 35～1000 ℃/h; then the speed with 5～70 ℃/h is heated to 1000～1200 ℃, finally, at 1000～1200 ℃ of insulation 0～10h, obtains the high silicon steel sheet of orientation.
2. the method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the hot-rolled steel sheet that step 3 is obtained carries out normalizing processing, and normalizing annealing temperature is 800～1200 ℃, and the normalizing annealing time is 0.5～200min.
3. the method that is orientated high silicon steel sheet is prepared in a rolling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the nonoxidizing atmosphere in step 5 is rare gas element and/or reducing gas; Wherein, rare gas element is argon gas and/or nitrogen, and reducing gas is hydrogen, when nonoxidizing atmosphere is mixed gas, the volume ratio of mixed gas be arbitrarily than.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN109161673A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-01-08 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | The method that thin strap continuous casting preparation is orientated high silicon steel |
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Application publication date: 20141029 |