CN104082003A - Rapid vegetative propagation method for fructus rosae laevigatae - Google Patents
Rapid vegetative propagation method for fructus rosae laevigatae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid vegetative propagation method for fructus rosae laevigatae. A propagation method for fructus rosae laevigatae in the prior art has the defects that the survival rate is low, early period investment cost and workload for operators are large, and chemical pollution is caused to the environment. According to the rapid vegetative propagation method for fructus rosae laevigatae, a layering method is adopted for propagation, corn and sunflowers are interplanted around a fructus rosae laevigatae stock plant in the layering process, branches of the fructus rosae laevigatae are pressed and buried among the fructus rosae laevigatae stock plant, the interplanted corn and the interplanted sunflowers, and the pressed and buried branches of the fructus rosae laevigatae, the corn and the sunflowers grow at the same time. According to the rapid vegetative propagation method for fructus rosae laevigatae, a small growth environment suitable for growth of fructus rosae laevigatae is built through a plant mixed planting method, so that emergence of layering branches of fructus rosae laevigatae is facilitated. The survival rate of seedlings is as high as 100 percent, the propagation speed is high, the number of chemicals applied into the soil can be largely reduced during application of the method, and obvious environment benefits are achieved. The propagation method is easy and convenient to manage, labor and cost can be effectively saved, and the yield benefits of the field are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant cover cultivation methods, particularly relate to a kind of fruit of Cherokee rose method for fast asexual propagation, belong to plant cultivating field.
Background technology
The fruit of Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Mich.) is rose family gul.The fruit of Cherokee rose is important traditional medicine plant, is also important present active constituents of medicine material plant.Due to medical value and the health-care effect of the fruit of Cherokee rose, the enterprise such as pharmaceutical factory, brewery is purchased in a large number.All the time, the fruit of Cherokee rose mainly depends on the fruit of direct harvesting Wild plant and directly excavating of Wild plant, and wild resource is caused to destructive destruction.Weather and the sun-drenched environment of fruit of Cherokee rose plant happiness warm and moist.Be distributed in the fruit of Cherokee rose of low altitude area, conventionally dug out by peasant.Due to urbanization, road the habitat of having destroyed the fruit of Cherokee rose such as build, a large amount of manually excavates, wild resource is petered out, some areas cause disappearance because excessively excavate.Applicant is the fruit of Cherokee rose original producton location of the western Sichuan of field investigation document record repeatedly, does not all find the trace of the fruit of Cherokee rose, only finds its fragmentary distribution in area, south, river.It is estimated, the wild fruit of Cherokee rose wild resource of China has reduced over half compared with 20 century 70s.2008 reduce more than 80% at ground area, the output in 2009 of the fruit of Cherokee rose reduce to 2000 1/10.And along with the exploitation of medical product and health products, market is strengthened day by day to the demand of the fruit of Cherokee rose.Approximately there be the Chinese patent drug of more than 300, more than 500 pharmaceutical factory kind taking the fruit of Cherokee rose as primary raw material in China.Fruit of Cherokee rose imbalance between supply and demand becomes increasingly conspicuous, and price rises violently rapidly, certainly will strengthen again the destruction to fruit of Cherokee rose wild resource.
Due to the existence of insufficiency of supply-demand, in recent years, the artificial propagation techniques of the fruit of Cherokee rose is subject to the attention of industry and research circle.Fruit of Cherokee rose artificial propagation techniques is mainly used four classes at present: the one, and directly from wild resource introduction and acclimatization, the 2nd, seminal propagation, the 3rd, cottage propagation, the 4th, rely on the numerous soon of tissue cultivation.All there is certain defect in these technology: the first kind introduction and acclimatization cycle is grown, takes effect slow; Equations of The Second Kind seminal propagation technology growing-seedling period is long, and seed germination rate low (5% left and right, referring to Chen Rui, Wu Honge, Zhou Yan, wait the germination test research [J] of .7 kind gul seed. seed, 2013,32 (3): 72-74.); The 3rd class Technique on Cuttage Propagation needs meticulous management, and fruit of Cherokee rose cuttage is to the having relatively high expectations of humidity, and needs the facilities such as simple plastic greenhouse, need to expend more manually, and production cost is higher; Also to use bactericide etc. to disinfecting soil, environment is caused to pollution to a certain degree.And fruit of Cherokee rose happiness warm and moist environment, cuttage is very high to the requirement of ambient humidity, and this condition is dry with respect to Sichuan province winter and the Spring Festival, and the feature of summer high temperature is difficult to be met conventionally.Therefore, the normal many damage by disease and insect of cottage propagation (easily infecting powdery mildew) in Sichuan province, cottage propagation will expend more manpower and raw material.Applicant is in the cottage propagation experiment of carrying out in Sichuan province, and survival rate is not high; The 4th class relies on the fast breeding technique that tissue is cultivated organizing cultivation stage to need more up-front investment cost, and manual operation amount is large.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for the deficiencies in the prior art, and the propagation method of a kind of fruit of Cherokee rose is provided.The method can improve fruit of Cherokee rose breeding survival rate, and possesses lower cost of investment, less personnel's working hour, technical advantage to environment without Pollution by Chemicals simultaneously.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of fruit of Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Mich.) method for fast asexual propagation, is characterized in that: adopt press strip mode to breed; When press strip, interplanting corn around fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), fruit of Cherokee rose branch is pressed between the corn, sunflower that is embedded in fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant and interplanting, presses fruit of Cherokee rose branch and corn, the sunflower buried to grow the same period.
The know-why of above-mentioned fruit of Cherokee rose asexual reproduction method is: utilize the companion planting between plant to build the microhabitat that is suitable for plant growth, to promote fruit of Cherokee rose press strip branch to sprout.Utilize corn, two kinds of economic crops of sunflower on the one hand for fruit of Cherokee rose branch provides the function of sheltering from heat or light, reduce soil temperature; Reduce on the other hand soil evaporation, keep soil moisture, be conducive to press strip and take root.Improve thus the soil physical properties of fruit of Cherokee rose shoot growth subenvironment.Simultaneously, three Plants mix and carry and be in together vegetative period, allelopathy between three Plants can change chemical composition of soil, has improved fruit of Cherokee rose branch and has sprouted suitable raw soil chemical properties, does not therefore need or only need use a small amount of weed killer herbicide, agricultural chemicals just effectively to lower powdery mildew incidence.Increase substantially thus the survival rate of fruit of Cherokee rose propagation by layering.
Above-mentioned propagation method, corn and sunflower planting are in the position apart from fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant 0.8m～1.5m.Due to the common not enough 1m of fruit of Cherokee rose branch length, therefore, press the long ditch that buries branch between fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant and corn and/or sunflower.General arrangement is: fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant lining out, and corn and sunflower embark on journey plantation in the fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant left and right sides, and apart from fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant 0.8m～1.5m and parallel with fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant, corn and the sunflower of every row are interplanted.The fruit of Cherokee rose presses the Tu Gou that buries branch in the parallel vacant lot between fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant and corn or sunflower.
Above-mentioned propagation method, under optimum condition, the quantitative proportion of corn and sunflower is 3:1～4:1, corn and corn, corn and sunflower strain spacing are 50cm～60cm.
Usually, between annual February～March, by near ploughing soil fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant, smooth weeding; Corn, sunflower etc. are sowed in the position apart from fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant 0.8m～1.5m; On the soil of putting in order between fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant and corn and/or sunflower, dig the Tu Gou that about 8cm～12cm is dark, ditch length is slightly shorter than fruit of Cherokee rose branch; Choose the healthy branch of the fruit of Cherokee rose that upgrowth situation is good, branch is to wavy and imbeds in the native ditch digging, internode part is exposed to native off-balancesheet; Carry out daily managing and protecting at fruit of Cherokee rose branch, corn, sunflower growing period, as weeded a garden in time etc.When corn sunflower is applied fertilizer, watered, also the fruit of Cherokee rose is carried out fostering accordingly; After imbedding the long root of fruit of Cherokee rose branch of Tu Gou part, the fruit of Cherokee rose branch internode phloem that can expose soil surface scratches, and promotes root growth; Branch lateral bud well-grown to be placed into the soil, health of root is strong, and root length is grown to 5cm～8cm, can be independently a new plant time, digs out respectively and transplants.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) provides a kind of fruit of Cherokee rose propagation by layering method; (2) by companion planting, utilize facilitation between the kind between plant effectively to improve mountain cherry to sprout the suitable raw microhabitat of branch, when significantly promoting reproductive efficiency, significantly reduce to the amount of using chemicals in soil, there is obvious environmental benefit; (3) the inventive method seedling catches an illness, and rate is low, survival rate is high, and survival rate can reach 100%, and reproduction speed is fast, and an independent stem section that is equivalent to cottage propagation can obtain 4～5 plant, and the reproduction coefficient of single branch can reach 20 times; (4) the inventive method has shortened seedling raise period, is unfavorable under the condition of cuttage at summer high temperature weather, and propagation by layering method of the present invention can be carried out fast asexual propagation, has effectively made up the defect of existing cuttage propagating technology; (5) propagation method of the present invention, can greatly save production cost, simple and convenient management, omitted loaded down with trivial details cottage propagation management, every breeding 10,000 strains at least can be saved 1 artificial wage, and each workman's wage monthly calculates by 1500 yuan, 3.6 ten thousand yuan of wage for workmen can be saved every year, weed killer herbicide can be saved, Nutrition Soil, carbendazim, the agricultural chemicals expenses such as powdery mildew, with 8000 yuan, are saved 10,000 yuan of simple plastic greenhouse costs, therefore, every breeding 10,000 strains, can save 5.4 ten thousand yuan.Economic benefit is obvious; (6) especially can specific aim overcome that North of Sichuan Basin and west area winter and the Spring Festival are dry, the adverse effect of summer high temperature to fruit of Cherokee rose cottage propagation, especially have higher using value at North of Sichuan Basin and west area; (7) can harvesting corn in carrying out fruit of Cherokee rose breeding, sunflower, increased land revenue.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is fruit of Cherokee rose root system and the plant that embodiment mono-propagation method produces.
Fig. 2 is the fruit of Cherokee rose root system that embodiment mono-propagation method produces.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described.
Embodiment mono-
As shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 2, breed the fruit of Cherokee rose by the inventive method.
This test is carried out in Chongyang town, Western Sichuan Basin Chongzhou City.
Whole ground: in February～March, by near ploughing soil fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant, smooth weeding.
Corn, sunflower plantation: by corn, sunflower, carry out corn and sunflower interplanting in the sowing of embarking on journey apart from the position of the fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant row each 1m in left and right, bring up thus more moistening microhabitat.In present embodiment, corn is 3:1～4:1 with sunflower strain number ratio, corn and sunflower strain spacing 50cm～60cm.
Ditching: dig the Tu Gou that 10cm is dark on the soil of putting in order between fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant row and corn, sunflower interplanting are capable, ditch length is slightly shorter than fruit of Cherokee rose branch.
Press strip: choose the healthy branch of the fruit of Cherokee rose that upgrowth situation is good, branch is to wavy and imbeds in the native ditch digging, the every pressure of branch 10cm～15cm exposes 2cm～3cm internode in native off-balancesheet.
Manage and protect: at fruit of Cherokee rose branch, corn, sunflower growing period, carry out daily managing and protecting, in time the weeds that grow are manually removed, note loosening branch of placing into the soil, grow, take root in order to avoid affect the fruit of Cherokee rose.Water once to weekly corn, sunflower, in corn growing season, fertilising three is inferior.The work of managing and protecting is only implemented for corn, sunflower, buries branch place soil environment but its effect can have influence on pressure simultaneously.Therefore when corn sunflower is fostered, also the fruit of Cherokee rose has been carried out effectively fostering.
After the long root of part being buried in the earth until fruit of Cherokee rose branch, the part phloem that fruit of Cherokee rose branch can be exposed to soil surface scratches, and promotes root growth.
Transplant: branch lateral bud well-grown to be placed into the soil, health of root is strong, and root grows to 5cm～8cm, can be independently a new plant time, digs out respectively and transplants.
Single reproduction coefficient of fruit of Cherokee rose propagation method of the present invention reaches 5～15 times, and survival rate reaches 100%, and easy infection powdery mildew not.Fig. 1 is root system and the plant that the present embodiment propagation method produces; Fig. 2 is the root system that the present embodiment propagation method produces.
Reference examples one
The general propagation by layering of the fruit of Cherokee rose.
Carrying out the general propagation by layering test of the fruit of Cherokee rose with place mono-same period with embodiment.
Choose the fruit of Cherokee rose plant branch of healthy growth, branch is to wavy and imbeds in the native ditch digging, the every pressure of branch 10cm～15cm exposes 2cm～3cm internode section in native off-balancesheet.
Transplant: branch lateral bud well-grown to be placed into the soil, health of root is strong, and root grows to 5cm～8cm, can be independently a new plant time, digs out respectively and transplants.
Single reproduction coefficient of the general propagation by layering method of the fruit of Cherokee rose is 2～8 times, wherein has 30% infection powdery mildew.
Reference examples two
Fruit of Cherokee rose cottage propagation.
Orthogonal experiment: test adopts carries out orthogonal design, factor and horizontally in table 1, table 2.Do not consider the interaction between each factor, process randomized arrangement for 16, process fruit of Cherokee rose cuttings on March 4th, 2013, each processing repeats for 3 times, repeats 30 cuttings at every turn.
Various Seasonal cuttage test: fruit of Cherokee rose cuttings base portion with NAA100mg/L process 10s respectively on October 28th, 2012 and 2013 cuttage on March 4, at the husky volume ratio 1:1 of soil, entirely in four kinds of matrix of soil, Quan Sha, native husky volume ratio 1:2.Each processing repeats for 3 times, repeats 30 cuttings at every turn.This test is carried out in the plastic tunnel of ShenFang,SiChuan farm.
Table 1 fruit of Cherokee rose orthogonal experiment factor and level
Table 2 fruit of Cherokee rose orthogonal test table
Cottage method and slotting rear management:
800 times of liquid of carbendazim sterilizing that carries out disinfection for matrix, pack in 13cm × 13cm nutritive cube, then it is for subsequent use to irrigate matrix with running water after the matrix of sterilization is mixed.
Locality clip one is biennial in the wild, growth is normal, do cutting without damage by disease and insect, the full wild fruit of Cherokee rose branch of axillalry bud, puts into plastic sack, and adds wild liver moss to carry out moisturizing processing, and branch is taken back to proving ground, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shifang.
Before cuttage, branch is cut into 10～12cm, stays 2～3 joints, every joint is with a lateral bud bud, and upper end is truncated apart from axillalry bud 1cm place, and lower end is whittled into the cuttings on horse ear shape inclined-plane apart from the 1cm of axillalry bud place.By make cuttings fully mix, then selecting at random 30, to tie up into a bundle for subsequent use.
By experimental scheme, cuttage branch base portion 2cm～3cm is immersed in the exogenous hormone of different disposal and processes, soak after certain hour, take out cuttings and prepare cuttage.When cuttage, first on cutting medium, punch in nutritive cube with bamboo chopsticks, then the base portion 5cm of cuttings～8cm is inserted in cutting medium.Cuttage is complete waters 1 time immediately, and matrix is thoroughly irrigated.After cuttage, strengthen water management, at least water 1 time every day according to soil humidity situation in nutritive cube, controls the interior relative moisture of canopy in 70% left and right, and temperature is at 20 DEG C～25 DEG C.When excess Temperature, add a cover sunshade net, the one side of opening booth is ventilative, and sprays water in a large number in canopy.Spray weekly a kind of bactericide (800 times of carbendazim, 1000 times of Sukelings, 1000 times of thiophanate methyls), three kinds of medicaments are used alternatingly.
Table 3 fruit of Cherokee rose cuttage orthogonal experiments
Table 3 data show, only have 1%～15% without the fruit of Cherokee rose cottage propagation survival rate of somatotropin processing; In 16 processing, process 11 (ABT300mg/L+10s+ soil) rooting rate the highest, reach 53.33%, process 10 (ABT200mg/L+2h+ mixed-matrix (1/2 soil+1/2 sand)) root system efficiency index the highest, reach 2.90, the reproduction coefficient of single branch mostly is 3 times most.
Comparative example one
Fruit of Cherokee rose rooting rate under embodiment mono-, two, three different reproductive modes, powdery mildew infection rate effect are carried out to variance analysis.
Rooting rate under table 4 different reproductive mode, the unary variance analysis (ANOVA) of powdery mildew infection rate
* in 0.05 level, there were significant differences.
Rooting rate under table 5 different reproductive mode, the LSD multiple comparison analyse of powdery mildew infection rate
* in 0.05 level, there were significant differences.Note: 1. reference examples two cuttage breeding methods, the 2. general propagation by layering method of reference examples one, 3. embodiment mono-propagation by layering method of the present invention
Table 4 shows the fruit of Cherokee rose rooting rate of different disposal method, all there were significant differences for powdery mildew infection rate, table 5 shows: except cottage propagation with the powdery mildew infection rate of general propagation by layering method without significant difference, all there is significant difference in rooting rate and the powdery mildew infection rate of the inventive method and other two kinds of propagation methods.
Claims (10)
1. the fruit of Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Mich.) method for fast asexual propagation, is characterized in that: adopt press strip mode to breed; When press strip, around fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant, overlap maize planting (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), fruit of Cherokee rose branch is pressed between the corn, sunflower that is embedded in fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant and interplanting, presses fruit of Cherokee rose branch and corn, the sunflower buried to grow the same period.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described corn and sunflower planting are in the position apart from fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant 0.8m～1.5m.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described corn and sunflower planting are in the position apart from fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant 1m.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described corn and sunflower quantitative proportion are 3:1～4:1; Described corn and sunflower interplanting strain spacing are 50cm～60cm.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: press the native trench depth 8cm～12cm that buries branch.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: press the native trench depth 10cm that buries branch.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fruit of Cherokee rose branch is the wavy Tu Gou of imbedding, and the every pressure of fruit of Cherokee rose branch is buried 10cm～15cm branch and exposed 2cm～3cm internode in native off-balancesheet.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant lining out; Apart from the position of fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant row left and right 0.8m～1.5m embark on journey seeding corn, sunflower, corn and sunflower interplanting, corn and sunflower quantitative proportion are 3:1～4:1; On soil between fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant row and corn, sunflower interplanting are capable, dig degree of depth 8cm～12cm Tu Gou; Choosing the healthy branch of the good fruit of Cherokee rose maternal plant of upgrowth situation is wavy and imbeds in native ditch; The every pressure of fruit of Cherokee rose branch is buried 10cm～15cm and is exposed 2cm～3cm in native off-balancesheet.
9. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1～8, it is characterized in that: carry out at North of Sichuan Basin and west area.
10. method according to claim 9, is characterized in that: between annual 2～March, carry out.
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| CN104272963A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-14 | 陆川县大鹏现代农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of fructus rosae laevigatae |
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| CN105210626A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-01-06 | 张春兰 | The cultivation method of a kind of fruit of Cherokee rose |
| CN106717697A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-31 | 李其珍 | A kind of guava interplants the cultural method of the fruit of Cherokee rose |
| CN106717702A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-31 | 梁成湖 | A kind of cultural method of the rich iron fruit of Cherokee rose |
| CN107047205A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-08-18 | 福建省连江乐鑫林业开发有限公司 | One kind promotes horse-tail lateral sprouting method |
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Cited By (7)
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| CN104272963A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-14 | 陆川县大鹏现代农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of fructus rosae laevigatae |
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| CN105210626A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2016-01-06 | 张春兰 | The cultivation method of a kind of fruit of Cherokee rose |
| CN106717697A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-31 | 李其珍 | A kind of guava interplants the cultural method of the fruit of Cherokee rose |
| CN106717702A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-05-31 | 梁成湖 | A kind of cultural method of the rich iron fruit of Cherokee rose |
| CN107047205A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-08-18 | 福建省连江乐鑫林业开发有限公司 | One kind promotes horse-tail lateral sprouting method |
| CN107047205B (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2019-07-23 | 福建省连江乐鑫林业开发有限公司 | One kind promoting horse-tail lateral sprouting method |
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