CN104077436B - A kind of method for obtaining piezo-electric generating road surface cumlative energy - Google Patents
A kind of method for obtaining piezo-electric generating road surface cumlative energy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method for obtaining piezo-electric generating road surface cumlative energy, by analyzing the electric energy that power generation pavement internal pressure electric device can be produced under the effect of single standard load, the power generation pavement energy fan-out capability of energy accumulation is set up with reference to traffic axle-load exchanging theory.Generated energy output analysis method based on traffic load accumulation avoids the life in power generation pavement of conventional energy output research method and removes the various problems applied mechanically and brought, and is suitable for power generation pavement electric energy in different time sections, different road environments and exports assay.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to road engineering application field, it is related to piezo-electric generating road surface, and in particular to one kind obtains piezo-electric generating
The method of road surface cumlative energy.
Background technology
Ended for the end of the year 2013, China's vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity is up to 2.5 hundred million, and wherein car ownership is up to 1.27 hundred million, and this is pre-
Shi Zhe China formally enters auto age.So huge vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity means that road will be born in the range of China
The state changes such as vibration, deformation-recovery occur under the repeated action of traffic load for the vehicular load of tens times, road, will
The energy that traffic load is brought is converted into kinetic energy and strain energy, and these energy are ultimately converted to the heat energy or other energy on road surface
Amount, is dissipated among road environment.According to associated mechanisms, ordinary municipal major trunk roads have 15000~20000 volume of traffic daily
Pass through, this equivalent to every main line is daily to 30000~40000 tons of organic energy of little waste.If this portion of energy is collected
And give application, exploitation power generation pavement not only road engineering have it is academic break through, more can be to the economy and social band of China
Carry out beyond measure benefit.
Piezo-electric generating road surface refers to the piezoelectric element implantation inside asphalt pavement with energy conversion capability or surface, vapour
When car is travelled on road surface, the microcrystal that wheel is extruded in piezoelectric element, its inside makes its produce electric charge, when thousands of piezoelectricity member
Part is implanted inside bituminous sheaths, and huge electricity just can be produced under Driving Loading.There are some researches show automobile is this
The electricity of 640 kilowatt hours can be produced by being implanted into 1.6 kilometers of traveling on the bituminous paving of energy storage material, be available for 1 200 watts of bulb to connect
Continuous illumination 7 days.
At present, the research both at home and abroad on power generation pavement is still at an early stage, and the energy on piezo-electric generating road surface is exported
Computational methods all have no relevant report.The existing energy for PZT (piezoelectric transducer) exports computational methods, generally by PZT (piezoelectric transducer)
The vibration of certain vibration acceleration can be provided, on the power source (shake table) to determine frequency by being positioned over, by under vibrational state
The viscoplasticity differential equation from point of theory calculate PZT (piezoelectric transducer) electric energy output effect.If by traditional PZT (piezoelectric transducer) energy
Amount output intent, which is applied directly in piezo-electric generating road surface, carries out energy output calculating, with real piezo-electric generating road surface working condition
Compare, there is problems with：
(A) according to moving traffic Annual distribution characteristic, while in the period, number of times that traffic loading passes through, speed are not
Identical, the load in viscoelastic model acts on road surface with a certain fixed frequency, it is impossible to objectively time of reaction Driving Loading
The working condition such as number and load action time interval.
(B) in roadnet, Traffic composition is complicated, axle carries composition complexity causes the F (t) in viscoelastic model can not be very
Action effect of the good real road travel load of simulation to power generation pavement.
(C) road is applied with piezoelectric element in road surface, can destroy the continuity of pavement structure, causes road surface pavement performance
Stress damage even breaking property destruction, the force-bearing situation that elastoplasticity in model can not completely inside simulated roadway.
Therefore, traditional piezoelectric elements energy output research method is not suitable for being applied directly to power generation pavement system progress electric energy
Output analysis, if can provide a kind of energy for piezo-electric generating road surface exports theoretical calculation method, by power generation pavement
Study, using all with directive significance.
The content of the invention
For piezoelectric energy output computational methods discomfort present in the application of piezo-electric generating road surface of traditional piezoelectric elements
It is piezo-electric generating road surface it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method for obtaining piezo-electric generating road surface cumlative energy with problem
There is provided a kind of brand-new energy accumulation computational methods, it is to avoid the energy of traditional piezoelectric elements exports research method in piezo-electric generating
It is raw in road surface to remove the various problems applied mechanically and brought.
In order to realize above-mentioned technical assignment, the present invention, which is adopted the following technical scheme that, to be achieved：
A kind of method for obtaining piezo-electric generating road surface cumlative energy, is calculated by (formula 1)：
Wherein：
NsNumber of times is acted on for standard axle load,
d33Represent the longitudinal piezoelectric modulus of piezoelectric element；
A represents the area of piezoelectric element；
H represents the thickness of piezoelectric element；
εpiezoRepresent the free dielectric constant of piezoelectric element；
L is piezoelectric element electric energy generating region length, and L=2D+d, D represents that standard axial conversion is working as after evenly load
Circular diameter is measured, d represents length of the piezoelectric element along vehicle traveling direction；
P=0.67MPa；
ν represents the speed that vehicle is at the uniform velocity travelled.
The present invention applies the problem of existing to above-mentioned conventional piezoelectric generated energy computational methods for conventional needle in road surface,
New piezoelectric energy-conversion output computational methods are proposed, compared with the existing methods, with following advantageous effects：
(1) formula comparison that this computational methods is used is simple, it is not necessary to be modeled calculating using FEM software,
Simple stress analysis only need to be carried out by Small Scale Software BISAR and obtain p, the volume of traffic is obtained, so that it may calculated, it is easy to use fast
It is prompt.
(2) avoid the life in power generation pavement of conventional energy output research method and remove the various problems applied mechanically and brought, more
The effective chance mechanism for considering traffic load, overcomes the number of times and load of practical engineering application middle rolling car load action
The action time influence of the working condition to calculating such as interval.
(3) it is applied to not carry coaxially, the power generation pavement electric energy output under different traffic environment is calculated, available for difference
Power generation pavement electric energy output assay in period, different traffic parameter roads.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be piezoelectric element in power generation pavement by the actual forced status under Driving Loading；
Fig. 2 be piezoelectric element in power generation pavement by the equivalent stress under Driving Loading.
State 1 refers to initial state of the piezoelectric element by load action in power generation pavement in figure；State 2 refers to hair
End of a period state of the piezoelectric element by load action in circuit face.
The particular content of the present invention is described in more detail below in conjunction with drawings and examples.
Embodiment
It should be noted that the dimension of the physical quantity in the present invention is the standard dimension of each physical quantity in this area, pressure
Electric device electric energy generating region length L is determined that D can be landed by standard axle load for BZZ-100 wheel load and wheel by D and d
Pressure is calculated and obtained, and d is that the attribute of piezoelectric element in itself is determined.
Determine after piezoelectricity original paper, the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient d of corresponding parameter such as piezoelectric element33, piezoelectric element area A,
The thickness h of piezoelectricity original paper, the free dielectric constant ε of piezoelectric elementpiezoAlso just accordingly determine.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is deferred to, following examples provide a kind of method for obtaining piezo-electric generating road surface cumlative energy, should
Method is followed the steps below：
The pressure that piezoelectric element is subject to when being travelled in vehicle static and at the uniform velocity, will be transported according to load stress Equivalent Conversion principle
The load of wheel converts to the stress of piezoelectric element in dynamic, and it is equivalent that piezoelectric element of the invention is born on vertical
Stress is：
In formula：pxCorresponding stress value on difference in the range of expression piezoelectric element electric energy generating region length L；
Traffic load Equivalent Conversion：When criterion of train running axle is carried with speed v by road, piezoelectric element is in bituminous paving
Stress as shown in figure 1, piezoelectric element never arrive the process that is not pressurized by being pressed onto to be pressurized again, piezoelectricity is first in this process
Electric energy produced by pressure suffered by part is constantly in variable condition, piezoelectric element is also at variable condition, and the state is equivalent
It is constantly in for local asphalt concrete pavement under Uniform Load, as shown in Fig. 2 and then produced by calculating piezoelectric element
Energy.
Above-mentioned piezoelectric element stress Equivalent Conversion needs to meet following condition：
(1) standard axle load at the uniform velocity passes through road Cross Section with speed ν；
(2) standard axle load is uniformly distributed in double round load equivalent circle scopes；
(3) in power generation pavement, concentrated force effect of the segment set material to piezoelectric element is not considered in bituminous concrete, it is believed that
Uniform force in piezoelectric element own range.
Under Uniform Load, load action diameter of equivalent circle, the wheel load that standard axle load is BZZ-100 is PMark=
25KN, wheel landing pressure pMark=0.7MPa, then have：
The present invention piezoelectric element electric energy generating region length L be：
L=D+d+D；
In formula：D represents that standard axial conversion is the diameter of equivalent circle after evenly load, and d represents piezoelectric element along vehicle
The length of direct of travel；
Traffic load strains original state to end of a period state, the time walked is strained from piezoelectric element：
T=L/v；
In formula：V represents the speed that vehicle is at the uniform velocity travelled；
The standard axle load effect number of times conversion of the present invention：
Standard axle load acts on times NsFor：Ns=Σ Niηi In formula：
I represents the rank that inhomogeneity profile shaft is carried；
ηiRepresent i grades of axle-load exchanging coefficients；NsRepresent standard axle load effect number of times；
NiRepresent i grades of standard axle load effect number of times；
C1Represent the axle-number coefficient of scaled vehicle, C2Represent the axle-number coefficient of scaled vehicle, PiRepresent scaled vehicle
Axles at different levels carry, P represents standard axle load.
When using design deflection value and bitumen layer tensile stress at the bottom of layer as index, axle-load exchangings at different levels are worked as into standard axle load P's
Measure axle time NsBe calculated as follows shown in table I, table I includes some type of axle and carries rank, but is not limited to the axle of subordinate's type
Carry rank.
It should be noted that standard axle load acts on times NsThat is the type of vehicle travelled on standard traffic amount, road is a lot,
Power generation pavement all shows the electrical property of different variation tendencies in the presence of not carrying coaxially, using accumulation equivalent axles inhomogeneity
Profile shaft, which is carried, is scaled a certain fixing axle load, and power generation pavement electric energy of the analysis under identical load under multiple load action goes out to export feelings
Condition.Is for same pavement structure in the case where all kinds of axles are carried phase occurs for the principle that all kinds of axle loads effect number of times Equivalent Conversions are used
With the damage of degree.
Table I：The table of comparisons of the axle-load exchanging of different stage into standard axle load P equivalent axles Ns
The average voltage U that piezoelectric element under the single standard axle load effect of the present invention is produced：
When standard axle load is advanced with speed v, there is smaller shear stress, and the pressure in bituminous concrete in bituminous concrete
The thickness of electric device is smaller, and shear stress is in the polarization very little parallel to piezoelectric element thickness direction, therefore, piezoelectric element electric energy
Generation essentially from traffic load compression effect.
When standard axle load is advanced with speed v, piezoelectric element is after by directed force F, in the thickness side parallel to active force
It is to the electric charge of generation：
In the presence of uniform load, voltage, the electric current of piezoelectric element are constant, therefore the piezoelectric element in bituminous concrete exists
Electric current is on thickness direction：
Wherein, piezoelectric element electric capacity is：
Piezoelectric element thickness direction produce voltage be：
In formula：d33Represent the longitudinal piezoelectric modulus of piezoelectric element；A represents the area of piezoelectric element；H represents the thickness of piezoelectric element
Degree；εpiezoRepresent the free dielectric constant of piezoelectric element；
This piezoelectric element is similar capacitor, with capacitor also not exclusively as, it transmits electricity outward always, therefore
Here Q/T divided by C should be used when calculating the voltage at a certain momentpiezo, exactly it has been averaged according to this electric charge.Because even
Under fast load action, this electric charge is, than more uniform generation, to be averagely possible.
The energy that piezoelectric element under the single standard axle load effect of the present invention is produced：
When standard axle load is advanced with speed v, piezoelectric element is after by load, in the thickness direction parallel to active force
It is P that electric energy, which produces power,PowerFor：
Piezoelectric element energy for producing under the effect of single standard load is in bituminous concrete：
To sum up, the cumlative energy of the piezoelectric element generation under accumulation load is：
The wheel carried according to China's test specification acceptance of the bid fiducial axis lands pressure 0.7MPa, calculates piezoelectric element (d33=256,
εp=1800) length d be 8cm, thickness h=1mm, area A=40cm2, the equivalent stress p sizes that the vertical depth of 4cm is received on road surface
For 0.67MPa.
Specific embodiment of the invention given below is, it is necessary to which explanation is that the invention is not limited in implement in detail below
Example, all equivalents done on the basis of technical scheme each fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：Through street
The present embodiment is directed to certain city expressway, and design parameter as shown in table 1, provides acquisition piezo-electric generating road surface accumulation energy
The method of amount：Circular is followed the steps below：
The Expressway Traffic parameter of table 1
| Category of roads | Desin speed (km/h) | Represent speed (km/h) | Standard traffic amount (/d) |
| Through street | 60~80 | 70 | 11300 |
Step one, the pressure being subject to when piezoelectric element is travelled in vehicle static and at the uniform velocity in road surface, according to load stress etc.
Effect conversion principle converts the load of wheel in motion to the stress of piezoelectric element, and piezoelectric element is born on vertical
Equivalent stress be：
It is i.e. available that simple stress analysis is carried out by Small Scale Software BISAR
In formula：pxCorresponding stress value on difference in the range of expression length L；
Traffic load Equivalent Conversion：When criterion of train running axle is carried with speed ν by road, the stress of bituminous paving
As shown in figure 1, piezoelectric element is never arrived the process that is not pressurized by being pressed onto to be pressurized again, the pressure suffered by piezoelectric element in this process
Electric energy produced by power is constantly in variable condition, piezoelectric element is also at variable condition, and the state is equivalent into local pitch
Concrete road surface is constantly under Uniform Load, as shown in Fig. 2 and then the energy produced by calculating piezoelectric element.
Above-mentioned road surface stress Equivalent Conversion needs to meet following condition：
(1) standard axle load at the uniform velocity passes through road Cross Section with speed ν；
(2) standard axle load is uniformly distributed in double round load equivalent circle scopes；
(3) in power generation pavement, concentrated force effect of the segment set material to piezoelectric element is not considered in bituminous concrete, it is believed that
Uniform force in piezoelectric element own range.
Under Uniform Load, local bituminous concrete length is load action diameter of equivalent circle, and standard axle load is
BZZ-100 wheel load is PMark=25KN, wheel landing pressure pMark=0.7MPa, then have：
Step 2, piezoelectric element electric energy generating region length is：
L=D+d+D=0.506m
Traffic load strains original state to end of a period state, the time walked is strained from piezoelectric element：
T=L/v=0.026s
In formula：V represents the speed that vehicle is at the uniform velocity travelled；
Step 3, standard axle load effect number of times conversion：
Standard axle load acts on times NsFor：Ns=Σ Niηi=11300 times
It should be noted that standard axle load acts on times NsThat is the type of vehicle travelled on standard traffic amount, road is a lot,
Power generation pavement all shows the electrical property of different variation tendencies in the presence of not carrying coaxially, using accumulation equivalent axles inhomogeneity
Profile shaft, which is carried, is scaled a certain fixing axle load, and power generation pavement electric energy of the analysis under identical load under multiple load action goes out to export feelings
Condition.Is for same pavement structure in the case where all kinds of axles are carried phase occurs for the principle that all kinds of axle loads effect number of times Equivalent Conversions are used
With the damage of degree.
Step 4, the average voltage U that the piezoelectric element under the effect of single standard axle load is produced：
When standard axle load is advanced with speed ν=70km/h, there is smaller shear stress, and pitch coagulation in bituminous concrete
The thickness of piezoelectric element in soil is smaller, and shear stress is in the polarization very little parallel to piezoelectric element thickness direction, therefore, piezoelectricity
Effect of the generation of element electric energy essentially from traffic load compression.
When standard axle load is advanced with speed U, piezoelectric element is after by directed force F, in the thickness side parallel to active force
It is to the electric charge of generation：
In the presence of uniform load, voltage, the electric current of piezoelectric element are constant, therefore the piezoelectric element in bituminous concrete exists
Electric current is on thickness direction：
Wherein, piezoelectric element electric capacity is：
Piezoelectric element thickness direction produce voltage be：
In formula：d33Represent the longitudinal piezoelectric modulus of piezoelectric element；A represents the area of piezoelectric element；H represents the thickness of piezoelectric element
Degree；εpiezoRepresent the free dielectric constant of piezoelectric element；
Step 5, the energy that the piezoelectric element under the effect of single standard axle load is produced：
When standard axle load is advanced with speed ν, piezoelectric element is after by load, in the thickness direction parallel to active force
It is P that electric energy, which produces power,PowerFor：
Piezoelectric element energy for producing under the effect of single standard load is in bituminous concrete：
The cumlative energy that piezoelectric element under step 6, accumulation load is produced is：
Embodiment 2：Trunk roads
The present embodiment is directed to certain city thoroughfare, and design parameter as shown in table 2, provides acquisition piezo-electric generating road surface accumulation energy
The method of amount：Specific calculation procedure is same as Example 1, and result of calculation is EAlways=2.04mJ.
The trunk roads traffic parameter of table 2
| Category of roads | Desin speed (Km/h) | Represent speed (Km/h) | Standard traffic amount (/d) |
| Trunk roads | 30~60 | 45 | 5000 |
Embodiment 3：Non-parking charge station
The present embodiment is directed to certain highway non-parking charge station, and design parameter as shown in table 3, provides acquisition piezo-electric generating
The method of road surface cumlative energy：Specific calculation procedure is same as Example 1, and result of calculation is EAlways=15.6mJ.
The non-parking charge station traffic parameter of table 3
| Category of roads | Desin speed (Km/h) | Represent speed (Km/h) | Standard traffic amount (/d) |
| Non-parking charge station | 20~30 | 25 | 21000 |
Embodiment 4：Car park payment station
The present embodiment is directed to certain highway Car park payment station, and design parameter as shown in table 4, provides acquisition piezo-electric generating road
The method of face cumlative energy：Specific calculation procedure is same as Example 1, and result of calculation is EAlways=33m J.
The Car park payment station traffic parameter of table 4
| Category of roads | Desin speed (Km/h) | Represent speed (Km/h) | Standard traffic amount (/d) |
| Car park payment station | 5~15 | 10 | 18000 |
Single piezoelectric element is as shown in table 5 in the electric energy produced daily in different road environments, if generating bituminous concrete
Electricity collection utilization rate be 50%, single piezoelectric element daily producible electric energy be 2~33m J.Fully demonstrate above
The computational methods of the present invention can effectively calculate the energy accumulation of power generation pavement.
The energy accumulation result of calculation (mJ) of piezoelectric element in the different road environments of table 5
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for obtaining piezo-electric generating road surface cumlative energy, this method is followed the steps below：
Step one, the pressure being subject to when piezoelectric element is travelled in vehicle static and at the uniform velocity, according to load stress Equivalent Conversion principle
The load of wheel in motion is converted to the stress of piezoelectric element, the equivalent stress that piezoelectric element is born on vertical
For：
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In formula：pxCorresponding stress value on difference in the range of expression piezoelectric element electric energy generating region length L；
Under Uniform Load, load action diameter of equivalent circle, the wheel load that standard axle load is BZZ-100 is PMark=25KN,
Wheel landing pressure pMark=0.7MPa, then have：
Step 2, piezoelectric element electric energy generating region length L is：
L=D+d+D；
In formula：D represents that standard axial conversion is the diameter of equivalent circle after evenly load, and d represents that piezoelectric element is advanced along vehicle
The length in direction；
Traffic load strains original state to end of a period state, the time walked is strained from piezoelectric element：
T=L/v；
In formula：ν represents the speed that vehicle is at the uniform velocity travelled；
Step 3, standard axle load effect number of times conversion：
Standard axle load acts on times NsFor：In formula：
I represents the rank that inhomogeneity profile shaft is carried；
ηiRepresent i grades of axle-load exchanging coefficients；NsRepresent standard axle load effect number of times；
NiRepresent i grades of standard axle load effect number of times；
C1Represent the axle-number coefficient of scaled vehicle, C2Represent the axle-number coefficient of scaled vehicle, PiRepresent each of scaled vehicle
Level axle is carried, and P represents standard axle load；
Step 4, the average voltage U that the piezoelectric element under the effect of single standard axle load is produced：
When standard axle load is advanced with speed ν, there is smaller shear stress, and the piezoelectricity member in bituminous concrete in bituminous concrete
The thickness of part is smaller, and shear stress is in the polarization very little parallel to piezoelectric element thickness direction, therefore, the production of piezoelectric element electric energy
The raw effect essentially from traffic load compression；
When standard axle load is advanced with speed ν, piezoelectric element is after by directed force F, in the thickness direction production parallel to active force
Raw electric charge is：
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In the presence of uniform load, voltage, the electric current of piezoelectric element are constant, therefore the piezoelectric element in bituminous concrete is in thickness
Electric current is on direction：
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In formula：d33Represent the longitudinal piezoelectric modulus of piezoelectric element；A represents the area of piezoelectric element；H represents the thickness of piezoelectric element；
εpiezoRepresent the free dielectric constant of piezoelectric element；
Step 5, the energy that the piezoelectric element under the effect of single standard axle load is produced：
When standard axle load is advanced with speed ν, piezoelectric element is after by load, in the electric energy of the thickness direction parallel to active force
Generation power is PPowerFor：
Piezoelectric element energy for producing under the effect of single standard load is in bituminous concrete：
The cumlative energy that piezoelectric element under step 6, accumulation load is produced is：
Wherein：P=0.67MPa.
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| JP2000148833A (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2000-05-30 | Fujitsu Ltd | Method for estimating power consumption |
| CN2591264Y (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2003-12-10 | 雷良榆 | Road piezoelectric type non-pollution power generator |
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2014
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