CN114137351A - Pavement piezoelectric energy acquisition system and evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pavement piezoelectric energy acquisition system and an evaluation method, which comprise the following steps: the piezoelectric energy collection device, the energy management circuit and the energy storage device; the piezoelectric energy collecting device comprises an external packaging shell, an internal piezoelectric unit and a rectifying circuit, wherein the internal piezoelectric unit and the rectifying circuit are arranged in the packaging shell, the external packaging shell comprises a top plate and a base connected with the top plate, a plurality of equally-spaced transverse notches are formed in the upper surface of the top plate through a notch process, and a plurality of notches are formed in the side wall of the base. According to the method for evaluating the electrical, mechanical and electromechanical coupling performance of the standard piezoelectric device, the test cost of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device can be effectively reduced, and the research and development period of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device can be shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of internal energy collection, in particular to a pavement piezoelectric energy collection system and an evaluation method.
Background
The road surface bears the action of vehicle axle load more than ten thousand times in the service period to generate mass mechanical energy, and the external force does work and is finally dissipated in the form of heat energy. And through integrating piezoelectric energy acquisition system and road surface, can change partial road surface deformation energy into the electric energy, realize the recycle of mechanical energy. The piezoelectric energy collection technology has the technical advantages of small external environment interference, all weather, high energy density, no pollution and the like, and is a key driving technology for green roads and intelligent perception roads.
With the development of piezoelectric energy collection technology, researchers have proposed bridge type, cymbal type, laminated column type, cantilever type, double-end fixed type and other transducer structures, optimized design is carried out on the structural form, material components, the geometric design of an external packaging structure and material selection of a piezoelectric transducer, and performance test and evaluation of a piezoelectric energy collection system are carried out by adopting indoor scale experiments, full scale experiments, field test and other scale experiment methods.
Due to the high development cost and long development period of piezoelectric devices, materials based testing systems (MTS), wheel tracking machines and small accelerated loading tests (MMLS3) are still the mainstream research methods. The structural strength and the electrical fatigue performance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device are tested by a researcher through a press machine and small accelerated loading test equipment; the mechanical property and the electrical property of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device under different load conditions are researched by adopting equipment such as a Material Testing System (MTS) and a Rut Instrument (Rut Instrument) to simulate vehicle load. However, no unified testing and evaluating method exists for testing and evaluating the mechanical and electrical properties of the piezoelectric energy collecting device, and the energy conversion efficiency and the structural performance calculated under different testing conditions and experimental conditions are often difficult to compare, so that the development of the pavement piezoelectric energy collecting technology is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pavement piezoelectric energy acquisition system and an evaluation method, and the standard piezoelectric device electrical, mechanical and electromechanical coupling performance evaluation method can effectively reduce the test cost of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device and shorten the research and development period of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device. To achieve the above objects and other advantages in accordance with the purpose of the invention, there is provided a road surface piezoelectric energy harvesting system, comprising:
the piezoelectric energy collection device, the energy management circuit and the energy storage device;
the piezoelectric energy collecting device comprises an external packaging shell, an internal piezoelectric unit and a rectifying circuit, wherein the internal piezoelectric unit and the rectifying circuit are arranged in the packaging shell, the external packaging shell comprises a top plate and a base connected with the top plate, a plurality of equally-spaced transverse notches are formed in the upper surface of the top plate through a notch process, and a plurality of notches are formed in the side wall of the base.
Preferably, a limiting groove is formed in the base, and notches for protecting and fixing the piezoelectric unit, the rectifying circuit and the lead are formed in the limiting groove.
Preferably, the piezoelectric units include a stacked column unit, a bridge unit or a cantilever unit, the piezoelectric energy harvesting device includes at least two piezoelectric units, the piezoelectric units are connected in parallel, and the piezoelectric units are symmetrically arranged in an external packaging shell.
Preferably, the piezoelectric transducer and the full-bridge rectifier are electrically connected with the piezoelectric transducer, and the piezoelectric unit is made of a piezoelectric ceramic material PZT-5H.
Preferably, the energy management circuit is used for a standard energy collecting circuit optimized for DC-DC conversion; the energy storage device is a super capacitor.
A method for evaluating a pavement piezoelectric energy harvesting system, comprising the steps of:
s1, obtaining the technical requirements of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device according to the road performance requirements of the road surface energy acquisition system;
s2, decomposing the technical requirements of the piezoelectric device into the cooperative performance requirements, the electromechanical conversion performance requirements and the energy output requirements, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation method of the mechanical property, the electromechanical coupling performance and the electrical property of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device;
s3, simulating vehicle load through a material testing system and a small road surface acceleration loading system to obtain mechanical and electrical response values under different load conditions;
s4 stress of the piezoelectric energy collecting device under the condition of simulated load is monitoredDisplacement, voltage and load resistance, and calculating to obtain structural modulus E, energy conversion coefficient eta and output power Pout(t) and an evaluation index such as voltage attenuation factor n.
Preferably, when the energy conversion coefficient eta is adopted to evaluate the electromechanical conversion performance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device, the energy conversion coefficient eta, the vertical load F (t), the vertical displacement l, the acting time t, the output voltage U (t) and the load resistance R are obtained by derivation according to the circuit basic principle and the energy conservation lawLThe theoretical expression between is:
in the formula, Q1Applying work to the load; q2Outputting energy for the device.
Preferably, when the mechanical property of the piezoelectric energy collection device is evaluated by adopting the structural modulus, a theoretical expression among the structural modulus E, the vertical load F, the vertical displacement l, the device thickness H and the device pressure bearing surface area S is obtained by deduction according to the mechanical constitutive equation of the piezoelectric energy collection device:
in the formula, F is a vertical load with the loading frequency of 10 Hz; l is the vertical displacement of the device; s is the stress area of the piezoelectric device, and H is the height of the piezoelectric device.
Preferably, when the output power P is adoptedoutWhen the electrical performance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device is evaluated by the (T) and the voltage attenuation rate n, according to the piezoelectric constitutive equation, the vertical compressive stress T (T) is used) Piezoelectric voltage coefficient g33Thickness h of piezoelectric material, and load resistance RLInternal resistance RpEqual parameter, derived output voltage U of piezoelectric energy collecting deviceout(t) output Power PoutThe theoretical expressions of (t) and the voltage decay rate n are:
wherein Q is a charge; c is a capacitor; g33Is the piezoelectric voltage constant; rpIs an internal resistance; rLIs a load resistor; u shape0And U' is the peak voltage before and after electrical fatigue testing, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the performance testing and evaluating method of the pavement piezoelectric energy acquisition system is based on medium and small-scale testing equipment such as a material testing system and an accelerated loading system, comprehensively evaluates a plurality of key indexes influencing the pavement performance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device, standardizes the testing and evaluating method of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device, effectively reduces the testing cost of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device, and shortens the research and development period of the single-energy acquisition device. The performance of the pavement piezoelectric energy acquisition devices of different types can be realized in a contrasting manner, and the optimization of a pavement energy acquisition system has reference value and engineering guidance significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pavement piezoelectric energy collection system according to the pavement piezoelectric energy collection system and the evaluation method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of an evaluation index of the pavement piezoelectric energy collection system according to the pavement piezoelectric energy collection system and the evaluation method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a structural modulus diagram of two pavement piezoelectric energy collection devices according to the pavement piezoelectric energy collection system and the evaluation method of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electromechanical conversion performance test of the pavement piezoelectric energy collection system and the evaluation method according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an accelerated loading test of the pavement piezoelectric energy collection system and the evaluation method according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a voltage waveform of a pillar type piezoelectric energy harvesting device of the road surface piezoelectric energy harvesting system and the evaluation method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, a pavement piezoelectric energy harvesting system comprises: the piezoelectric energy collection device comprises a piezoelectric energy collection device, an energy management circuit and an energy storage device, wherein a top plate of the piezoelectric device is connected with a base through a counter bore bolt, and a high-elasticity silica gel gasket is filled to prevent environment damage such as dust, moisture and the like; the piezoelectric energy acquisition device comprises an external packaging shell, an internal piezoelectric unit and a rectifying circuit, wherein the internal piezoelectric unit and the rectifying circuit are arranged in the packaging shell; the top plate is made of high-strength, high-toughness and corrosion-resistant materials such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel and nylon, a plurality of equally-spaced transverse notches are formed in the upper surface of the top plate through a notch process to increase the friction coefficient of the top surface of the device and ensure the driving safety of a vehicle, a plurality of notches are formed in the side wall of the base, the side wall notches increase the bonding strength with a road surface structure interface, coordinated deformation is achieved, the integrity of the piezoelectric device and the road surface structure is improved, and the base can be made of engineering plastics which are low in cost, good in processing performance, fatigue-resistant, corrosion-resistant and waterproof.
The pavement piezoelectric energy acquisition system in the embodiment is shown in the attached figure 1 and comprises a piezoelectric transducer 1-1 and a piezoelectric transducer array 1-2; a full bridge rectifier 1-3; an energy management circuit 1-4; an energy storage circuit 1-5; an external energy utilization system 1-6.
The piezoelectric transducer 1-1 in this embodiment can adopt one or more structures, but is not limited to, a pillar piezoelectric transducer, a bridge piezoelectric transducer, a stacked piezoelectric transducer, and the like. The piezoelectric transducer arrays 1-2 are symmetrically distributed in the piezoelectric device, and the array number can be determined according to traffic volume grades and load conditions. In the embodiment, the piezoelectric transducer is connected with the full-bridge rectifier, so that energy is output in parallel after rectification.
Furthermore, a limiting groove is formed in the base, and notches for protecting and fixing the piezoelectric unit, the rectifying circuit and the lead are formed in the limiting groove.
The piezoelectric units comprise stacked column units, bridge units or cantilever units, the piezoelectric energy collecting device at least comprises two piezoelectric units, the piezoelectric units are connected in parallel, the piezoelectric units convert vertical pressure or vibration transmitted by the top plate into electric energy, the piezoelectric units are symmetrically arranged in the outer packaging shell, and the array number can be determined according to traffic volume grades and load conditions.
Furthermore, the energy output device also comprises a piezoelectric transducer and a full-bridge rectifier electrically connected with the piezoelectric transducer, the energy output device realizes the output of energy in parallel after rectification, and the piezoelectric unit is made of a piezoelectric ceramic material PZT-5H.
Further, the energy management circuit is used for a standard energy collecting circuit optimized for DC-DC conversion; the energy storage device adopts a super capacitor, the circuit can realize the functions of reducing voltage and increasing current, and the circuit is a self-adaptive circuit with energy collection efficiency independent of load.
The embodiment provides a performance test and evaluation method of a pavement piezoelectric energy collection system, which is an evaluation index system of the pavement piezoelectric energy collection system, and as shown in fig. 2, the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) vehicle load is simulated through a material testing system and a small-sized acceleration loading system on the road surface, the simulated load is a half-wave sine load with adjustable load level and controllable loading frequency, and the piezoelectric device structure in the embodiment is subjected to loading test.
(2) The material testing system is used for testing the mechanical property of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device, the material testing system is used for applying vertical sinusoidal load, and the structural modulus of the piezoelectric device is calculated through monitoring the top vertical displacement and the load of the device. The specific process is as follows:
firstly, a piezoelectric device is fixed on a material testing system, and a pressure head is contacted with the top of the piezoelectric device to stabilize the pressure.
Secondly, controlling a material testing system through a computer, and applying a half-wave sinusoidal load with adjustable load level and controllable loading frequency to the piezoelectric device; the frequency of the half-wave sinusoidal load is set to be 10Hz, the vertical compressive stress at the top of the control device is respectively 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa and 0.9MPa, the plane size of the pressure head is the same as that of the device, and the corresponding load level is respectively set to be 20.0kN, 28.0kN and 36.0 kN.
Reading the variation curve of the vertical stress F and the displacement l at the top of the piezoelectric device through a monitor
The structural modulus of the piezoelectric device was calculated, and the structural moduli of the two piezoelectric devices fabricated in this example are shown in fig. 3.
(3) The material testing system tests the electromechanical conversion performance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device, and the testing equipment is shown in the attached figure 4. A material testing system is adopted to apply vertical half-wave sinusoidal load, vertical displacement and load of the top of the device are collected simultaneously, and a digital oscilloscope is adopted to monitor output voltage of optimal load impedance. The specific process is as follows:
firstly, a piezoelectric device is fixed on a material testing system, and a pressure head is contacted with the top of the piezoelectric device to stabilize the pressure.
And secondly, connecting the piezoelectric device with a variable resistance box and a digital oscilloscope.
Thirdly, controlling a material testing system through a computer, and applying a half-wave sinusoidal load with adjustable load level and controllable loading frequency to the piezoelectric device; the half-wave sinusoidal load frequency is set to be 5Hz and 10Hz, the vertical pressure stress at the top of the control device is 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa and 0.9MPa respectively, and the load level is set to be 20.0kN, 28.0kN and 36.0kN respectively.
Changing resistance R of variable resistance boxLThe output voltage U (t) of the piezoelectric device is read by an oscilloscope
And calculating the optimal output energy of the piezoelectric device under the optimal matching load.
Reading the variation curves of the vertical load F (t) and the displacement l of the top of the piezoelectric device by a monitor, and passing
The computational mechanical test system does work on the piezoelectric device.
Sixthly, the electromechanical conversion performance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device is evaluated by introducing an energy conversion coefficient eta, and a calculation formula is adopted
(4) The pavement acceleration loading equipment is used for testing the electrical performance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device, and is shown in figure 5. The piezoelectric devices of two structures are embedded in a full-scale cement concrete slab, and the size of the slab is 4.0m multiplied by 3.0m multiplied by 0.4 m. The MMLS3 acceleration loading equipment is adopted to simulate wheel load, and the specific flow is as follows:
firstly, a piezoelectric device is embedded in a reserved groove on a road surface, the device is positioned and leveled, and a bonding interface is processed by spike glue.
And secondly, connecting the piezoelectric device with a variable resistance box and a digital oscilloscope.
Thirdly, MMLS3 road surface acceleration loading equipment is arranged above the piezoelectric device, and a controller is used for applying wheel loads with adjustable load level and controllable loading frequency to simulate the rolling condition of a real vehicle; the experimental speed was set at 6m/s and the tire pressure was set at 0.7 MPa. Because the piezoelectric units in the piezoelectric device are symmetrically arranged, 8 piezoelectric units on a single side are connected in parallel to form a piezoelectric array, and a DPO2024 digital oscilloscope is adopted to monitor the voltage at two ends of a load resistor. The voltage waveform of the pillar piezoelectric device is shown in fig. 6.
Changing resistance R of variable resistance boxLReading the output voltage U of the piezoelectric device by using an oscilloscopeout(t) of (d). By passing
And calculating the optimal output power of the piezoelectric device.
Fifthly, MMLS3 is adopted to continuously load the piezoelectric device to simulate the long-term electrical performance of the pavement piezoelectric energy collection system, the voltage attenuation rate n after one hundred thousand times of loading is adopted as the evaluation index of the energy output attenuation condition, and the voltage attenuation rate n after one hundred thousand times of loading is adopted
And (4) calculating.
(5) The mechanical property, the electromechanical conversion property and the electrical property of the two manufactured pavement piezoelectric energy acquisition devices are tested in sequence according to the steps of the embodiment to obtain a corresponding structural modulus diagram, an energy conversion efficiency diagram, an electrical property and a voltage attenuation diagram, so that the clear cognition on the performance of the piezoelectric devices is obtained, and the pavement piezoelectric energy acquisition system with excellent performance is preferably selected.
A method for evaluating a pavement piezoelectric energy harvesting system, comprising the steps of:
s1, obtaining the technical requirements of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device according to the road performance requirements of the road surface energy acquisition system;
s2, decomposing the technical requirements of the piezoelectric device into the cooperative performance requirements, the electromechanical conversion performance requirements and the energy output requirements, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation method of the mechanical property, the electromechanical coupling performance and the electrical property of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device;
s3, simulating vehicle load through a material testing system and a small road surface acceleration loading system to obtain mechanical and electrical response values under different load conditions;
s4, calculating to obtain the structural modulus E, the energy conversion coefficient eta and the output power P by monitoring the stress, the displacement, the voltage and the load resistance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device under the condition of simulating the loadout(t) and an evaluation index such as voltage attenuation factor n.
Further, when the energy conversion coefficient eta is adopted to evaluate the electromechanical conversion performance of the piezoelectric energy collecting device, the energy conversion coefficient eta, the vertical load F (t), the vertical displacement l, the acting time t, the output voltage U (t) and the load resistance R are obtained by deduction according to the circuit basic principle and the energy conservation lawLThe theoretical expression between is:
in the formula, Q1Applying work to the load; q2Outputting energy for the device.
Further, when the mechanical property of the piezoelectric energy collection device is evaluated by adopting the structural modulus, according to the mechanical constitutive equation of the piezoelectric energy collection device, a theoretical expression among the structural modulus E, the vertical load F, the vertical displacement l, the device thickness H and the device bearing surface area S is obtained by derivation:
in the formula, F is a vertical load with the loading frequency of 10 Hz; l is the vertical displacement of the device; s is the stress area of the piezoelectric device, and H is the height of the piezoelectric device.
Further, when the output power P is adoptedout(t) and voltage attenuation rate n, according to the piezoelectric constitutive equation, the electrical performance of the piezoelectric energy collecting device is evaluated through vertical compressive stress T (t), piezoelectric voltage coefficient, piezoelectric material thickness and load resistance RLInternal resistance RpEqual parameter, derived output voltage U of piezoelectric energy collecting deviceout(t) output Power PoutThe theoretical expressions of (t) and the voltage decay rate n are:
wherein Q is a charge; c is a capacitor; g33 is the piezoelectric voltage constant; rp is internal resistance; RL is load resistance; u shape0And U' is the peak voltage before and after electrical fatigue testing, respectively.
The number of devices and the scale of the processes described herein are intended to simplify the description of the invention, and applications, modifications and variations of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in various fields of endeavor to which the invention pertains, and further modifications may readily be made by those skilled in the art, it being understood that the invention is not limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A pavement piezoelectric energy harvesting system, comprising:
the piezoelectric energy collection device, the energy management circuit and the energy storage device;
the piezoelectric energy collecting device comprises an external packaging shell, an internal piezoelectric unit and a rectifying circuit, wherein the internal piezoelectric unit and the rectifying circuit are arranged in the packaging shell, the external packaging shell comprises a top plate and a base connected with the top plate, a plurality of equally-spaced transverse notches are formed in the upper surface of the top plate through a notch process, and a plurality of notches are formed in the side wall of the base.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the base has a limiting groove, and the limiting groove has notches for protecting and fixing the piezoelectric unit, the rectifying circuit and the lead.
3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the piezoelectric units comprise stacked column units, bridge units or cantilever units, the piezoelectric energy harvesting device comprises at least two piezoelectric units, a plurality of piezoelectric units are connected in parallel, and the plurality of piezoelectric units are symmetrically arranged in the outer packaging shell.
4. The system for collecting pavement piezoelectric energy according to claim 3, further comprising a piezoelectric transducer and a full bridge rectifier electrically connected to the piezoelectric transducer, wherein the piezoelectric element is made of a piezoelectric ceramic material PZT-5H.
5. The road surface piezoelectric energy harvesting system of claim 4, wherein the energy management circuit is configured to provide a standard energy harvesting circuit optimized for DC-DC conversion; the energy storage device is a super capacitor.
6. A method for evaluating a roadway piezoelectric energy harvesting system as defined in claim 5, comprising the steps of:
s1, obtaining the technical requirements of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device according to the road performance requirements of the road surface energy acquisition system;
s2, decomposing the technical requirements of the piezoelectric device into the cooperative performance requirements, the electromechanical conversion performance requirements and the energy output requirements, and constructing a comprehensive evaluation method of the mechanical property, the electromechanical coupling performance and the electrical property of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device;
s3, simulating vehicle load through a material testing system and a small road surface acceleration loading system to obtain mechanical and electrical response values under different load conditions;
s4, calculating to obtain the structural modulus E, the energy conversion coefficient eta and the output power P by monitoring the stress, the displacement, the voltage and the load resistance of the piezoelectric energy acquisition device under the condition of simulating the loadout(t) and an evaluation index such as voltage attenuation factor n.
7. The method for evaluating the road surface piezoelectric energy collecting system according to claim 6, wherein when the energy conversion coefficient η is used for evaluating the electromechanical conversion performance of the piezoelectric energy collecting device, the energy conversion coefficient η, the vertical load F (t), the vertical displacement l, the action time t, the output voltage U (t) and the load resistance R are derived according to the circuit basic principle and the law of energy conservationLThe theoretical expression between is:
in the formula, Q1Applying work to the load; q2Outputting energy for the device.
8. The method for evaluating the pavement piezoelectric energy collecting system according to claim 6, wherein when the structural modulus is used for evaluating the mechanical property of the piezoelectric energy collecting device, a theoretical expression among the structural modulus E, the vertical load F, the vertical displacement l, the device thickness H and the device pressure bearing surface area S is derived according to the mechanical constitutive equation of the piezoelectric energy collecting device, and is as follows:
in the formula, F is a vertical load with the loading frequency of 10 Hz; l is the vertical displacement of the device; s is the stress area of the piezoelectric device, and H is the height of the piezoelectric device.
9. The method for evaluating the road surface piezoelectric energy collecting system according to claim 6, wherein when the output power Pout (t) and the voltage attenuation rate n are used for evaluating the electrical performance of the piezoelectric energy collecting device, the vertical compressive stress T (t) and the piezoelectric voltage coefficient g are used according to the piezoelectric constitutive equation33Thickness h of piezoelectric material, and load resistance RLInternal resistance RpEqual parameter, derived output voltage U of piezoelectric energy collecting deviceout(t) output Power PoutThe theoretical expressions of (t) and the voltage decay rate n are:
wherein Q is a charge; c is a capacitor; g33Is the piezoelectric voltage constant; rpIs an internal resistance; rLIs a load resistor; u shape0And U' is the peak voltage before and after electrical fatigue testing, respectively.
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Application publication date: 20220304 |