CN104067896A - Structuring method of citrus central guide branch high-yield tree shape - Google Patents
Structuring method of citrus central guide branch high-yield tree shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN104067896A CN104067896A CN201410267327.5A CN201410267327A CN104067896A CN 104067896 A CN104067896 A CN 104067896A CN 201410267327 A CN201410267327 A CN 201410267327A CN 104067896 A CN104067896 A CN 104067896A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a structuring method of a citrus central guide branch high-yield tree shape. The structuring method of the citrus central guide branch high-yield tree shape comprises a sapling tree shape structuring method and a mature tree shape structuring method, wherein the mature tree shape structuring method comprises performing a manual intervention method on 4-year-old to 5-year-old mature trees, and the sapling tree shape structuring method comprises performing guide growth on the trunks of saplings. By directionally culturing a central guide branch and artificially producing a truck, an erect branch or a central branch, the thickness of fruiting branches can be increased, strong and powerful branches can be cultured, the loading capacity of the fruiting branches can be enhanced, and the stress ability of the fruiting branches can be improved; meanwhile, supports can be omitted. Due to the fact that original certain tree shape structuring methods usually lay emphasis on the aim of fruiting economical efficiency, the fruiting branches of certain fruit trees are long and slender and accordingly rely on external support in the later stage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tree-like construction method of getting bumper crops, specifically the tree-like construction method of a kind of citrus fruit tree central authorities' guiding branch high yield.
Background technology
Stem is the skeleton of plant corpus, and stem and Branches of Different Orders are the vitals that support leaf, flower and fruit, make them reasonably be distributed in space.It is that fruit tree plant can obtain maximum photosynthesis and carries out the important factor of transpiration and can preserve more energy matter that plant organ spatially reasonably distributes, and reduces the generation of damage by disease and insect.And in fruit tree growth process, the fruit tree of growing directly from seeds generally has stronger apical growth advantage, but fruit tree apical dominance by propagation by grafiting is not obvious or there is no apical dominance, and exists tip advantage.Tip advantage just refers to that stem terminal bud does not suppress collateral generation, but the top bar of all branches suppresses the long phenomenon of this branch bottom blastogenesis.
Production of fruit trees object is to produce fruit, and the producer is tree-like to improve output, to promote quality etc. according to the artificial change of production requirement, and on producing, the normal pruning technique that uses carries out shaping to fruit tree.At present, fruit tree can be divided into according to tree-like and tree body structure center form, without center form, flat, planar shaped with without trunk shape.There is center dry tree-like to have the layering of evacuation shape, cross, become trunk shape, postpone happy shape, spindle and circle art shape etc.; Without center dry have cup-like shape, a natural open centre shape; Flat tree crown has hedge shape and fan-shaped; Planar shaped has frame shape and the shape of crawling; Clump shape shape that has without trunk shape.
Oranges and tangerines are through cultivation and the development of centuries, and in cultivation, seedling tree has not had.With the grafting of bud breeding, can form fast output, accelerate industrialized development, but be opposing as plant physiology growth with the artificial technical measures of cultivation management.Grafting shortens to 2 years by originally taking nourishing and growing of 5-8, is even 1 year.Grafting is difficult to form central authorities leader's branch (or trunk branch) as the support of tree body.When grafting started after result in 3 years, 7-8 just forms the tree type of getting bumper crops, and this tree type is easy to the phenomenon of falling to push up because of high yield in large result year, easily causes that tree body is weak or easily suffer freeze injury winter after falling to push up.
Central authorities leader's branch bundle branch technology is exactly by post-directed training, utilization is abutted against and intersection connects, artificial central authorities' branch, trunk branch or the vertical branch of forming, by pullling of upper branch and lower branch, formation can be stressed bundle branch graft technology and the tree-like structure of getting bumper crops of intersection branch, for high yield, Labor-saving cultivation provide technical support.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of citrus fruit tree high yield is tree-like, central authorities guide branch reconstruction and using method, to solve the problem proposing in above-mentioned background technology.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The tree-like construction method of a kind of citrus fruit tree central authorities' guiding branch high yield, comprise construction method and the tree-like construction method of bearing tree that childhood is tree-like, the tree-like construction method of described bearing tree is the bearing tree of choosing 4-5, adopt the method for manual intervention, the branch on bearing tree top of take is object, adopt cleft grafting, grafting, intersection connects or be abutted against in one or more methods, 2-3 bar branch is one group and restraint, according to tree-like size, carry out 2-4 beam combination branch;
Described childhood, tree-like construction method was that the limb that set childhood is done to guiding growth, and its concrete steps are:
(1) choose the childhood tree of 3-4, take set childhood growing upright, vigorous, sturdy, without trunk branch and the vertical branch of damage by disease and insect, cultivate the guiding for alternative central authorities;
(2) choose and cultivate 1-2 bar central authorities guiding branch, all the other alternative central authorities guiding branches carry out cutting back at the height apart from ground 1-2m, and wherein, before trunk branch unshaped, head is not pruned, pinched to the trunk branch of post-directed training, controls the number of results on trunk branch;
(3) after central authorities' guiding branch moulding, choose some positions and do grafting mouth on central authorities' guiding branch, grafting mouth top 60cm all needs to remove side shoot with interior limb; Side shoot reserved on trunk branch is carried out to the method for cutting back, pinch bud head, bud picking and control its growth potential, guarantee the growth vigor of central authorities' guiding branch;
(4) Primary Construction good tree-like after, strengthen rich water quality management, in a growth cycle of branch, before certainly cutting, can reach height more than 1m, by the cultivation of 2 to 3 years, cultivating tree-like was umbrella shape, completed the tree-like structure of high yield.
As the further scheme of the present invention: described bearing tree adopts grafting Shu Zhihou, and grafted branch is bundled on fixing bamboo bar, after grafted branch survives, only retains a branch, remove the remaining branch of other 1-2 bar.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) by post-directed training central authorities guiding branch, artificially manufacture trunk branch, vertical branch or central authorities' branch, increase the rugosity of fruit bearing shoot, cultivate more powerful strong branch bar, strengthen the load force of fruit bearing shoot, increase its stressed ability.Can reduce supporter, some tree-like structures of past are the object of the economic characters of undue Results often, and some fruit tree fruit bearing shoot are elongated, and the result later stage relies on external force to support.
(2) by technology such as cleft grafting, intersection connect, are abutted against, change the tree structure of bearing tree, improve the draw of upper-lower interactive branch, increase the bearing capacity of branch.Increase after bearing capacity, branch can be along with expanding of fruit produces serious lodging phenomenon.In whole breeding time in assurance anniversary, the volume of bearing-age tree body does not cause large dwindling, and the normal physiological activity such as the photosynthesis of daylighting, ventilation and the fruit tree of stable tree body and respiration are carried out.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is only the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Embodiment based in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making the every other embodiment obtaining under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the tree-like construction method of a kind of citrus fruit tree central authorities' guiding branch high yield, comprise construction method and the tree-like construction method of bearing tree that childhood is tree-like, the tree-like construction method of described bearing tree is the bearing tree of choosing 4-5, the branch on bearing tree top of take is object, adopt grafting, intersect connect or be abutted against in one or more methods, 2-3 bar branch is one group and restraints branch, according to tree-like size, carry out 2-4 beam combination branch, described bearing tree adopts grafting Shu Zhihou, grafted branch is bundled on fixing bamboo bar, the branch being connect so that fixing is not easy to shake, after grafting survival, only retain a branch, can remove the remaining branch of other 1-2 bar,
Described childhood, tree-like construction method was that the limb that set childhood is done to guiding growth, and its concrete steps are:
(1) choose the childhood tree of 3-4, take set childhood growing upright, vigorous, sturdy, without trunk branch and the vertical branch of damage by disease and insect, cultivate the guiding for alternative central authorities;
(2) choose and cultivate 1-2 bar central authorities guiding branch, all the other alternative central authorities guiding branches carry out cutting back at the height apart from ground 1-2m, and wherein, before trunk branch unshaped, head is not pruned, pinched to the trunk branch of post-directed training, controls the number of results on trunk branch;
(3) after central authorities' guiding branch moulding, choose some positions and do grafting mouth on central authorities' guiding branch, grafting mouth top 60cm all needs to remove side shoot with interior limb, and object is to facilitate for mechanized farming from now on; Side shoot reserved on trunk branch is carried out to the methods such as cutting back, pinch bud head, bud picking and control its growth potential, guarantee the growth vigor of central authorities' guiding branch;
(4) Primary Construction good tree-like after, strengthen rich water quality management, in a growth cycle of branch, before certainly cutting, can reach height more than 1m, by the cultivation of 2 to 3 years, cultivating tree-like was umbrella shape, completed the tree-like structure of high yield.
To those skilled in the art, obviously the invention is not restricted to the details of above-mentioned one exemplary embodiment, and in the situation that not deviating from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic, can realize the present invention with other concrete form.Therefore, no matter from which point, all should regard embodiment as exemplary, and be nonrestrictive, scope of the present invention is limited by claims rather than above-mentioned explanation, is therefore intended to include in the present invention dropping on the implication that is equal to important document of claim and all changes in scope.
In addition, be to be understood that, although this specification is described according to embodiment, but not each embodiment only comprises an independently technical scheme, this narrating mode of specification is only for clarity sake, those skilled in the art should make specification as a whole, and the technical scheme in each embodiment also can, through appropriately combined, form other embodiments that it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that.
Claims (2)
1. citrus fruit tree central authorities guide the tree-like construction method of branch high yield, comprise construction method and the tree-like construction method of bearing tree that childhood is tree-like, it is characterized in that, the tree-like construction method of described bearing tree is the bearing tree of choosing 4-5, adopt the method for manual intervention, the branch on bearing tree top of take is object, adopt cleft grafting, grafting, intersection connects or be abutted against in one or more methods, 2-3 bar branch is one group and restraints branch, according to tree-like size, carry out 2-4 beam combination branch;
Described childhood, tree-like construction method was that the limb that set childhood is done to guiding growth, and its concrete steps are:
(1) choose the childhood tree of 3-4, take set childhood growing upright, vigorous, sturdy, without trunk branch and the vertical branch of damage by disease and insect, cultivate the guiding for alternative central authorities;
(2) choose and cultivate 1-2 bar central authorities guiding branch, all the other alternative central authorities guiding branches carry out cutting back at the height apart from ground 1-2m, and wherein, before trunk branch unshaped, head is not pruned, pinched to the trunk branch of post-directed training, controls the number of results on trunk branch;
(3) after central authorities' guiding branch moulding, choose some positions and do grafting mouth on central authorities' guiding branch, grafting mouth top 60cm all needs to remove side shoot with interior limb; Side shoot reserved on trunk branch is carried out to the method for cutting back, pinch bud head, bud picking and control its growth potential, guarantee the growth vigor of central authorities' guiding branch;
(4) Primary Construction good tree-like after, strengthen rich water quality management, in a growth cycle of branch, before certainly cutting, can reach height more than 1m, by the cultivation of 2 to 3 years, cultivating tree-like was umbrella shape, completed the tree-like structure of high yield.
2. the tree-like construction method of a kind of citrus fruit tree central authorities' guiding branch high yield according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described bearing tree adopts grafting Shu Zhihou, grafted branch is bundled on fixing bamboo bar, after grafted branch survives, only retain a branch, remove the remaining branch of other 1-2 bar.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115380754A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2022-11-25 | 江西农业大学 | Orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on push-pull strategy and wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method |
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| CN101766102A (en) * | 2010-03-11 | 2010-07-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | Grafting and tree form reshaping method for three-branch inarching of closed apple orchard |
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| CN115380754A (en) * | 2017-02-16 | 2022-11-25 | 江西农业大学 | Orchard pest ecological regulation and control method based on push-pull strategy and wenzhou mandarin orange cultivation method |
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