CN104062075A - Finished automobile sound transmission loss testing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a finished automobile sound transmission loss testing method based on reciprocity. The finished automobile sound transmission loss testing method comprises the steps that a medium-high-frequency sound source and a low-frequency sound source are arranged in an automobile; the periphery of the finished automobile is divided into a plurality of areas, an automobile forecabin serves as an area, and a plurality of microphones are arranged in the areas respectively; the average sound pressure levels of each area are acquired when the medium-high-frequency sound source and the low-frequency sound source in the automobile are in different frequency ranges, the sound pressure levels of noise produced by the medium-high-frequency sound source in the automobile in the different frequency ranges are subtracted from the average sound pressure levels of the areas, the sound pressure levels of noise produced by the low-frequency sound source in the automobile in the different frequency ranges are subtracted from the average sound pressure levels of the areas, the sound reduction index of the areas in the different frequency ranges of the medium-high frequency and the low frequency are obtained, and accordingly the sound transmission losses of the areas in the different frequency ranges of the medium-high frequency and the low frequency are obtained respectively. The testing method can scientifically and strictly evaluate the sealing performance of the finished automobile.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of automobile, be specifically related to a kind of car load sound transmission loss method of testing.
Background technology
Car load NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness) performance is mainly used in weighing the workmanship of automobile, refers generally to noise, vibration and discomfort that passenger experiences while taking a bus.Wherein, what noise (Noise) mainly referred to that passenger hears is delivered to the various noises of interior of body by car body, the noise of the noise that vibration forms as the noise of the noise of engine, tire, car wainscot, noise, wind noise and the body exterior that shaft gear interlock is sent etc., and the quality of car load sealing directly affects isolation of noise performance and the Che Nei sound pressure level of car body.
At present, full-sized car production firm generally assesses car load sealing by whole tightness, particularly, optimize sealing and the acoustical material of the similar automobile of our factory's production according to the noise level of impermeability, acoustical material and the car load of competing product car (being the similar car that rival produces).But, this method is often comprehensive not, without emphasis, cannot form science, rigorous appraisement system, cannot assess exactly car load sealing, more cannot be effectively for the adjustment of car load acoustics bag provides foundation, its result finally causing is, car load blindly and adopt in large quantities acoustical material, but only obtains car load noise figure and reduces minimumly, cost performance is not high, also can cause the rising of project cost and the prolongation of construction cycle.
In prior art, in the situation that car load noise level does not meet the demands, generally can pass through noise measuring equipment, as sound meter, noise spectrum analyzer, draw noise spectrum, thereby draw the main contributions frequency band of noise, but, cannot learn whether caused by car load sealing, more cannot learn defective the causing of acoustical material at which position of car load, and method of testing both can judge what whether it was caused by car load sealing in the time that car load noise level does not meet the demands described in application the present embodiment, the acoustical material at which position that can also specifically draw car load is defective, then can adopt and optimize acoustical material or optimize the modes such as hole sealing and improve the oise insulation factor at defective position, to reach the requirement of desired value, thereby can be effectively for the adjustment of car load acoustics bag provides foundation and guidance, and can accomplish to shoot the arrow at the target, adopting lower cost just can obtain car load noise greatly reduces, cost performance is higher.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is for existing above-mentioned defect in prior art, provide a kind of can science, assess scrupulously the car load sound transmission loss method of testing of car load sealing.
The technical scheme that solution the technology of the present invention problem adopts is:
Described car load sound transmission loss method of testing is based on reciprocity, and it comprises the steps:
1) in Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and two sound sources of low frequency; Car load is divided into multiple regions around, using automobile front chamber as a region, and in regional, arranges respectively multiple microphones;
2) obtain respectively medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source average sound pressure level in regional in the time of different frequency scope in car, and the sound pressure level of the noise that medium-high frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with regional in average sound pressure level subtract each other, and the sound pressure level of the noise that low-frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with regional in average sound pressure level subtract each other, draw the regional oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively, thereby draw the regional sound transmission loss amount within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively.
Preferably, in step 1) in, the position of described microphone need meet the following conditions:
Described microphone is arranged in the most noise sources position on the car load in transport condition;
For the larger noise source of the volume on the car load in transport condition, described microphone is arranged near its outside enveloping surface;
For the stronger noise source of radiated noise directivity on the car load in transport condition, described microphone is arranged in its each radiation direction.
Preferably, using each microphone position as a test point, the test condition of described method of testing need meet at least one in following condition:
A. test and be greater than 15dB by the noise at each test point place and the difference of ground unrest on car load;
B. the temperature range of test environment is 18～29 DEG C;
C. the temperature variation of test environment is less than 6 DEG C;
D. test can reflect the current design of vehicle to be assessed, manufacture and assembling integral level with car load;
E. test is light condition with car load;
F. test all mediates in the horizontal direction with in vertical direction with the adjustable seat of car load, and backrest is in vertical position.
Preferably, in step 1) in, multiple microphones of arranging in described automobile front chamber region of living in lay respectively near the outside enveloping surface of engine and wheel box.
Preferably, in step 1) in, the multiple regions that are divided into around car load are respectively: each tire region of living in, rear bumper region of living in, body bottom region of living in and each car door region of living in.
Preferably, multiple microphones of arranging in described each tire region of living in lay respectively near the top of each tire and near the both sides, front and back of each tire in travel direction.
Preferably, multiple microphones of arranging in described rear bumper region of living in lay respectively at the back lower place of rear bumper, and the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level, parallel to each other and spaced set.
Preferably, multiple microphones of arranging in described body bottom region of living in lay respectively near body bottom, and the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level and is evenly distributed on body bottom.
Preferably, multiple microphones of arranging in described each car door region of living in lay respectively at each door outside.
Preferably, in step 2) in, the frequency range of dividing respectively medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source according to third-octave.
Beneficial effect:
Car load sound transmission loss method of testing of the present invention is in Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and two sound sources of low frequency, around car load, arrange with automobile front chamber regional of living in that respectively multiple microphones are to receive sound-source signal, draw the regional oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency the competing product car of reference respectively of this car by measurements and calculations, thereby draw the comparatively weak region of sealing of this car, those skilled in the art can take measures to the comparatively weak region of these sealings targetedly, comprise the optimization of sealing and acoustical material, thereby with in prior art blindly and adopt in large quantities acoustical material to improve compared with the noise level of car load, can science, assess scrupulously car load sealing, effectively for the adjustment of car load acoustics bag provides foundation and guidance, and can accomplish to shoot the arrow at the target, therefore adopting lower cost just can obtain car load noise greatly reduces, cost performance is higher, correspondingly reduce the construction cycle of project cost and car load,
Meanwhile, in car load NVH performance history, for the large problem of internal car noise, according to noise spectrum, and can judge whether fast it is the problem that acoustic seal causes by car load sound transmission loss method of testing of the present invention, and improve development efficiency, also indicate direction for NVH instruction work;
It is simple, effective that car load sound transmission loss method of testing of the present invention realizes.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is automobile sketch;
Wherein, Figure 1A is front view, and Figure 1B is rear view, and Fig. 1 C is left view, and Fig. 1 D is right view, and Fig. 1 E is vertical view;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of car load sound transmission loss method of testing described in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 is the position schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1 medium and low frequency sound source and medium-high frequency sound source;
Wherein, Fig. 3 A is right view, and Fig. 3 B is front view;
Fig. 4 is the position schematic diagram of microphone in automobile front chamber region in the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 5 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram of the frequency range of the embodiment of the present invention 2 medium and low frequency sound sources and the front deck region of living in of the two kinds of automobiles oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of low frequency, wherein, horizontal ordinate is frequency (unit: Hz), and ordinate is oise insulation factor (unit: dB);
Fig. 6 is the position schematic diagram of microphone in the near front wheel region of living in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Wherein, Fig. 6 A is right view, and Fig. 6 B is vertical view;
Fig. 7 is the position schematic diagram of microphone in rear bumper region of living in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Wherein, Fig. 7 A is rear view, and Fig. 7 B is right view;
Fig. 8 is the position schematic diagram of microphone in body bottom region of living in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 9 is the position schematic diagram of microphone in each car door region of living in the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Wherein, Fig. 9 A is right view, and Fig. 9 B is left view, and Fig. 9 C is rear view.
In figure: 1-automotive seat; 101-headrest; 102-medium-high frequency sound source; 103-low-frequency sound source; 2-automobile front chamber region of living in; 201-engine; 202-wheel box; 203～212-microphone; 3-the near front wheel region of living in; 301-the near front wheel; 302～306-microphone; 4-rear bumper region of living in; 401-rear bumper; 402-gas outlet; 403～407-microphone; 5-body bottom region of living in; 501-off-front wheel; 502-off hind wheel; 503-left rear wheel; 504～508-microphone; Each car door of 6-region of living in; 601-left front door; 602-left back door; 603-tailgate; 604-right front door; 605-right-rear-door; 606～610-microphone.
Embodiment
For making those skilled in the art understand better technical scheme of the present invention, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Before each embodiment is described in detail in detail, for the ease of narration, first the direction relevant to car load limited.Particularly, as shown in Figure 1A to Fig. 1 E, X-axis positive dirction is the direction (with reference to Fig. 1 C to Fig. 1 E) from headstock to the tailstock, Y-axis positive dirction is the direction (with reference to Figure 1A, Figure 1B and Fig. 1 E) from pilot set to assistant driver seat, and Z axis positive dirction is from the direction to roof at the bottom of car (with reference to Figure 1A to Fig. 1 D).Following examples are all described based on direction defined above.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 2, the present embodiment provides a kind of car load sound transmission loss method of testing, and described method of testing is based on reciprocity, and it comprises the steps:
S101. in Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and two sound sources of low frequency; Car load is divided into multiple regions around, using automobile front chamber as a region, and in regional, arranges respectively multiple microphones.
The position of reasonably arranging sound source and microphone is the prerequisite of whole test, consider the importance of driver side sound pressure level, using pilot set place as with reference to position, preferably, in step S101, as shown in Figure 3, be separately positioned on the both sides of the headrest 101 of pilot set 1 in the low-frequency sound source 103 of Bus inner layout and medium-high frequency sound source 102, for example, described low-frequency sound source 103 is arranged on headrest 101 left sides of pilot set 1, and described medium-high frequency sound source 102 is arranged on headrest 101 right sides of pilot set 1; Or, described low-frequency sound source 103 is arranged on headrest 101 right sides of pilot set 1, described medium-high frequency sound source 102 is arranged on headrest 101 left sides of pilot set 1, thereby simulate the position of the left and right ear of driver, can assess better by each paths of car body and be delivered to the noise of interior of body to driver's impact.Here, the direction from " left side " to " right side " is identical with the Y-axis positive dirction Fig. 1.Further, described medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source be arranged in parallel and in same level; Described medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source respectively vertical with backrest place vertical plane (with YZ plane parallel) arrange and and seat rotating shaft place surface level (and XY plane parallel) between distance be 650～750mm; Distance between described medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source is 360～440mm.Well known to a person skilled in the art to be, the frequency range that low-frequency sound source covers is 0～500Hz, and the frequency range that medium-high frequency sound source covers is 500～10000Hz, visible, and low-frequency sound source and medium-high frequency sound source have covered substantially on the larger audio range of people's ear impact.
In order to assess comparatively comprehensively, exactly car load sealing, preferably, in described step S101, the position of each microphone need meet the following conditions:
Described microphone should be arranged in the most noise sources position on the car load in transport condition;
For example, for the larger noise source of the volume on the car load in transport condition (being positioned at the power assembly noise source of automobile front chamber), described microphone should be arranged near its outside enveloping surface, it should be noted that, in each embodiment of the present invention, the feature that occurs in the time introducing the distributing position of microphone " near " all refer to: and bee-line between the position of the reception sound of microphone is 20～50mm;
For example, for the stronger noise source (tire is made an uproar) of the radiated noise directivity on the car load in transport condition, described microphone should be arranged in its each radiation direction.
Described microphone can adopt existing microphone, and it can directly record the sound pressure level at its position place.
Car load sound transmission loss method of testing of the present invention is based on reciprocity, that is to say, arrange that with automobile front chamber region of living in microphone is to receive acoustical signal in Bus inner layout sound source and around car load, be equivalent to arrange respectively sound source and in car, receive acoustical signal in around car load and automobile front chamber region of living in, thereby, save on the one hand the layout quantity of sound source, reduced testing cost and difficulty of test, on the other hand simulate passenger hear be delivered to the situation of the various noises of interior of body by car body.
S102. obtain respectively medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source average sound pressure level in regional in the time of different frequency scope in car, and the sound pressure level of the noise that medium-high frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with regional in average sound pressure level subtract each other, and the sound pressure level of the noise that low-frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with regional in average sound pressure level subtract each other, draw the regional oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively, thereby draw the regional sound transmission loss amount within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively.
That is to say, first obtain medium-high frequency sound source average sound pressure level in regional in the time of different frequency scope in car, and obtain low-frequency sound source average sound pressure level in regional in the time of different frequency scope in car, thereby obtain the average sound pressure level in the lower regional of each frequency band (criteria for classifying of this frequency band can be set voluntarily by those skilled in the art) in 0～10000Hz, for example, suppose 0～10000Hz to be divided into 10 frequency bands, be followed successively by the first to the tenth frequency band, described region add up to 10, be followed successively by the first to the tenth region, obtain respectively the average sound pressure level in first area under the first frequency band, average sound pressure level under the first frequency band in second area, average sound pressure level under the first frequency band in the tenth region, average sound pressure level under the second frequency band in first area, average sound pressure level under the second frequency band in second area, average sound pressure level under the second frequency band in the tenth region, average sound pressure level under the tenth frequency band in first area, average sound pressure level under the tenth frequency band in second area, average sound pressure level under the tenth frequency band in the tenth region, then, the sound pressure level of the noise that medium-high frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with car in medium-high frequency sound source during in different frequency scope the average sound pressure level in regional subtract each other, and the sound pressure level of the noise that low-frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with car in low-frequency sound source during in different frequency scope the average sound pressure level in regional subtract each other, thereby draw the regional oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively, for example, draw the oise insulation factor of first area under the first frequency band, the oise insulation factor of first area under the second frequency band, the oise insulation factor of first area under the tenth frequency band, the oise insulation factor of second area under the first frequency band, the oise insulation factor of second area under the second frequency band, the oise insulation factor of second area under the tenth frequency band, the tenth oise insulation factor of region under the first frequency band, the tenth oise insulation factor of region under the second frequency band, the oise insulation factor of the tenth region under the tenth frequency band, can be by the first area oise insulation factor under the first to the tenth frequency range respectively, second area is the oise insulation factor under the first to the tenth frequency range respectively, the tenth region chart that the oise insulation factor under the first to the tenth frequency range is made any type is respectively (as bar chart, broken line graph and scatter diagram etc.), amount to 10 charts, if need to be by regional the oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and the oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of low frequency separately represent, need 20 charts, and then can find out more intuitively the regional sound transmission loss amount within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively of this car, thereby can science, assess scrupulously car load sealing, again by reference to the regional sound transmission loss amount within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively of competing product car, which regional seal that just can comprehensively judge this car is comparatively weak, and can in the early development process of car load, take measures to the comparatively weak region of these sealings targetedly, find the optimization direction of car load sealing.
In described step S102, obtain respectively medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source average sound pressure level in regional in the time of different frequency scope in car, specifically adopt following formula to calculate:
Formula (1) is to formula (4), and P0 is reference acoustic pressure value, P0=2 × 10 in air
-5handkerchief, i.e. 20 micro-handkerchiefs; P1 (i) is the low-frequency sound source sound pressure level that in regional, each microphone records in the time of different frequency scope in car; P2 (i) is the medium-high frequency sound source sound pressure level that in regional, each microphone records in the time of different frequency scope in car; L
p1 (i)for the sound pressure level of each microphone position in regional when the different frequency scope of low-frequency sound source in car; L
p2 (i)for the sound pressure level of each microphone position in regional when the different frequency scope of medium-high frequency sound source in car; N is the quantity of the microphone of layout in regional; L
p1for the average sound pressure level in regional when the different frequency scope of low-frequency sound source in car; L
p2for the average sound pressure level in regional when the different frequency scope of medium-high frequency sound source in car.
In described step S102, the sound pressure level of the noise that medium-high frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with regional in average sound pressure level subtract each other, and the sound pressure level of the noise that low-frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with regional in average sound pressure level subtract each other, draw the regional oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively, specifically adopt following formula to calculate:
Δ dB
low=L
p is low-L
p1(5)
Δ dB
middle height=L
high in P-L
p2(6)
In formula (5) and formula (6), L
p1for the average sound pressure level in regional when the different frequency scope of low-frequency sound source in car; L
p2for the average sound pressure level in regional when the different frequency scope of medium-high frequency sound source in car; L
p is lowthe sound pressure level of the noise producing when the different frequency scope for low-frequency sound source, L
high in Pthe sound pressure level of the noise producing when the different frequency scope for medium-high frequency sound source, and the sound pressure level of the noise that produces in the time of different frequency scope respectively of low-frequency sound source and medium-high frequency sound source is conventionally known to one of skill in the art, repeats no more; Δ dB
lowfor the oise insulation factor of regional within the scope of the different frequency of low-frequency sound source; Δ dB
middle heightfor the oise insulation factor of regional within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency sound source.
Due to the spectrum analysis of voice signal is not generally needed each frequency content to make a concrete analysis of, for convenience's sake, audio range can be divided into several frequency bands, each frequency band is as a sound interval, and the division of sound interval can adopt constant bandwidth than method, the ratio that keeps the upper and lower limit of frequency band is a constant.Experiment showed, when the constant and frequency of sound pressure level when sound doubles, sound that tone also doubles.If the upper limiting frequency of each frequency band is doubled than lower frequency limit, be that upper limiting frequency is 2 with the ratio of lower frequency limit, each sound interval of dividing is like this called 1 octave, be called for short octave, if insert again two frequencies between the upper and lower limit frequency of an octave, and make between these 4 frequencies ratio identical (being adjacent upper and lower limit frequency ratio=1.26) between two, thereby an octave is further subdivided into three sound intervals, each sound interval of dividing is like this called third-octave, more meets people's ear characteristic and divide audio range according to third-octave.Therefore, preferably, in described step S102, divide respectively the frequency range of medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source according to third-octave.Particularly, divide the frequency range of medium-high frequency sound source according to third-octave, frequency range 500～the 10000Hz of medium-high frequency sound source can be divided into 13 frequency bands, divide the frequency range of low-frequency sound source according to third-octave, the frequency range 0～500Hz of low-frequency sound source can be divided into 11 frequency bands.
Preferably, the test environment that described method of testing adopts is whole elimination room, that is to say, the test of car load sound transmission loss need to launch in whole elimination room; Further, when test, car load is placed in to whole elimination room central authorities, and car load surrounding is not less than 2 meters with the distance at the corresponding interface of whole elimination room respectively.Whole elimination room refers to, in a closed space, set up free found field, wherein six interfaces are all paved with acoustic absorbant, make each interface only have direct sound wave and no reflection events sound, in this closed space, the sound that sound source radiation goes out all can be absorbed by the acoustic absorbant at each interface, and be not subject to the interference of neighbourhood noise, therefore under the environment of whole elimination room, measure car load sound transmission loss, can assess accurately the level of car load sealing, the accuracy of warranty test.Certainly, consider the factors such as cost, the test environment that described method of testing adopts can be also semianechoic room.
In addition,, using each microphone position as a test point, the test condition of described method of testing need meet at least one (preferably, the test condition of described method of testing need all meet following condition) in following condition:
A. test and be greater than 15dB by the noise at each test point place and the difference of ground unrest on car load;
B. the temperature range of test environment is 18～29 DEG C;
C. in a process of the test for an automobile, the temperature variation of test environment is less than 6 DEG C;
D. test can reflect the current design of vehicle to be assessed, manufacture and assembling integral level with car load;
E. test is light condition with car load, except mobile unit, other load must not be housed;
F. test all mediates in the horizontal direction with in vertical direction with the adjustable seat of car load, and backrest is in vertical position.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is mainly described the position of each microphone in automobile front chamber region of living in.Automobile front chamber is in power assembly noise source place, and power assembly noise source mainly comprises the noise that engine and annex thereof produce, noise with wheel box and annex generation thereof, with respect to other region of car load, automobile front chamber region of living in is the high spot reviews region of noise, and the microphone that is positioned at automobile front chamber region of living in is mainly used to assess the sealing of automobile front chamber to this bang path of car pilot set place.
In the present embodiment, multiple microphones of arranging in described automobile front chamber region of living in lay respectively near the outside enveloping surface of engine and wheel box,, a part of microphone in the corresponding the plurality of microphone of outside enveloping surface of engine, the other a part of microphone in the corresponding the plurality of microphone of outside enveloping surface of wheel box.Wherein, except the binding face of engine and wheel box, the outside enveloping surface of engine and the outside enveloping surface of wheel box have respectively five, and the outside enveloping surface of these five engines is respectively enveloping surface after enveloping surface before engine, engine, engine right enveloping surface, engine coenvelope face and engine lower envelope face; These five wheel box enveloping surfaces are respectively enveloping surface after enveloping surface before wheel box, wheel box, the left enveloping surface of wheel box, wheel box coenvelope face and wheel box lower envelope face, here, direction from " left side " to " right side " is identical with the Y-axis positive dirction Fig. 1, from D score to " " direction identical with the Z axis positive dirction in Fig. 1, from " " identical with the X-axis positive dirction in Fig. 1 to the direction of " afterwards ".Further, multiple microphones of arranging in described automobile front chamber region of living in lay respectively near the center of outside enveloping surface of engine and wheel box.Further, the quantity of the microphone of arranging in automobile front chamber region of living in is at least ten, and at least corresponding five microphones of five outside enveloping surfaces of engine, also at least corresponding five microphones of five outside enveloping surfaces of wheel box, to can reflect more truely and completely the sealed horizontal of automobile front chamber; Each microphone is vertical setting the in center of the outside enveloping surface of the engine corresponding with it, wheel box all; The position of the reception sound of each microphone is 20mm apart from the bee-line between the center of the outside enveloping surface of its corresponding engine, wheel box.
Describe each microphone position automobile front chamber of living in region in taking the quantity of the microphone arranged in automobile front chamber region of living in as 10 as example below in conjunction with Fig. 4.
As shown in Figure 4, described automobile front chamber is furnished with altogether 10 microphones in region 2 of living in, these 10 microphones are arranged near the center of five outside enveloping surfaces of five of engine outside enveloping surfaces and wheel box, and one of enveloping surface or wheel box outside enveloping surface outside of the equal corresponding engine of each microphone, all engines corresponding with it of each microphone, the center of the outside enveloping surface of wheel box vertically arranges, the position of the reception sound of each microphone is apart from its corresponding engine, bee-line between the center of the outside enveloping surface of wheel box is 20mm.Particularly, these 10 microphones are respectively: with the vertically disposed microphone 203 of front enveloping surface of engine 201, the vertically disposed microphone 204 of rear enveloping surface with engine 201, the vertically disposed microphone 205 of right enveloping surface with engine 201, the vertically disposed microphone 206 of coenvelope face with engine 201, the vertically disposed microphone 207 of lower envelope face with engine 201, the vertically disposed microphone 208 of front enveloping surface with wheel box 202, the vertically disposed microphone 209 of rear enveloping surface with wheel box 202, the vertically disposed microphone 210 of left enveloping surface with wheel box 202, with the vertically disposed microphone 211 of coenvelope face of wheel box 202 and with the vertically disposed microphone 212 of lower envelope face of wheel box 202.
Fig. 5 is the corresponding relation schematic diagram of the frequency range (0～500Hz) of low-frequency sound source and the front deck region of living in of the two kinds of automobiles oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of low frequency, as shown in Figure 5, solid line represents Ben Che, dotted line represents competing product car, visible, the oise insulation factor of the front deck region of living in that the oise insulation factor of the front deck region of living in of this car within the scope of the different frequency of low frequency is obviously better than competing product car within the scope of the different frequency of low frequency, illustrates that the more competing product car of sealing in front deck region of living in of this car is good.
Through verification experimental verification, in automobile front chamber region of living in, arrange that as shown in Figure 4 10 microphones are enough to reflect the sealing level of automobile front chamber, thus can be according to the sealing of the sealing level optimization fire wall panel beating via hole of automobile front chamber (comprise the air-conditioning duct via hole, wire harness passing-hole and the steering tube that are positioned at automotive front end pass by hole etc.) and the acoustical material of firewall zone.Certainly, in order further to improve measuring accuracy,, the quantity of the microphone of layout also can exceed 10 in automobile front chamber the region of living in, but considers the demand degree on length and the engineering development of test period, and cost performance is not high.
Other structures in the present embodiment and effect are all identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more here.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is mainly described the position of each microphone in car load multiple regions that division forms around.
In the present embodiment, the multiple regions that are divided into around car load are respectively: each tire region of living in, rear bumper region of living in, body bottom region of living in and each car door region of living in.
Dividing for car load the regional forming around respectively below, is described.
(1). each tire region of living in
Each tire is in tire noise source place, tire make an uproar be vehicle in the time running at high speed, tire and pavement friction produce, the microphone that is positioned at each tire region of living in is mainly used to assess the sealing of each tire to this bang path of car pilot set place.
Multiple microphones of arranging in described each tire region of living in lay respectively near the top of each tire and near the both sides, front and back of each tire in travel direction, are arranged in tire and make an uproar in all directions of radiation.Further, be positioned at that near microphone tire top is positioned in same level, equal and spaced sets parallel with Y-axis, along being positioned near the microphone both sides, front and back of tire in travel direction respectively with the center line angle at 45 ° of tire and to receive the position of sound relative to tire, afterbody is relatively away from tire, the center line of described tire is parallel with the travel direction of automobile, also parallel with X-axis.Further, the quantity of the microphone of arranging in each tire region of living in is at least five, and near the microphone of arranging the top of tire is at least three, be also at least one along near the microphone of arranging near the microphone of arranging the front side of tire in travel direction is at least, rear side; The position of the reception sound of each microphone is 45mm apart from the bee-line of surface of tyre.Here, consider the importance of the Z axis positive dirction radiated noise of each tire, thereby near tire top, arrange the microphone of a greater number.
Describe each microphone position the near front wheel of living in region in taking the quantity of the microphone arranged in automobile the near front wheel region of living in as 5 as example below in conjunction with Fig. 6.
As shown in Figure 6, described automobile the near front wheel is furnished with altogether 5 microphones in region 3 of living in, wherein 3 microphones are arranged near the top of the near front wheel 301, be followed successively by microphone 302 along X-axis positive dirction, microphone 303 and microphone 304, these 3 microphones are positioned in same level, all and spaced sets parallel with Y-axis, spacing between adjacent two microphones is 20mm, the position of the reception sound of these 3 microphones towards all contrary with Y-axis positive dirction, wherein, be positioned at the centerline that position that the microphone 302 of both sides and microphone 304 receive sound is all positioned at tire, and be 45mm with the bee-line of surface of tyre respectively, the position that microphone 303 in the middle of being positioned at receives sound is positioned at wide 3/4 place of tire of tire, wide 3/4 place of tire of described tire refers to tire inner side at a distance of 3/4 position that tire is wide, here, identical with the Y-axis positive dirction Fig. 1 from the direction in " outside " to " inner side " of the near front wheel and left rear wheel, contrary with the Y-axis positive dirction Fig. 1 from the direction in " outside " to " inner side " of off-front wheel and off hind wheel, other 2 microphones are arranged near the both sides, front and back of the near front wheel in travel direction 301, these 2 microphones be positioned in same level and and tire bottom place surface level (being ground) between distance be 45mm, the position of reception sound of each microphone and the bee-line of surface of tyre are 45mm, along in travel direction, be positioned near tire front side for microphone 305, the center line angle at 45 ° of itself and tire, the position of the reception sound of microphone 305 is relatively near tire and towards tire outside, afterbody is relatively away from tire, along in travel direction, be positioned near tire rear side for microphone 306, itself and microphone 305 are symmetrical arranged about Y-axis.
5 microphones in each tire region of living in as shown in Figure 6 have been arranged in tire and have made an uproar in all directions of radiation, be enough to reflect the noise situations of tire front, rear and top, through verification experimental verification, these 5 microphones are enough to assess the sealing of each tire to this bang path of pilot set place in car, thereby can optimize the sealing of panel beating hole on the acoustical material at the position such as wheel house, beater or beat-up and bang path.Certainly, in order further to improve measuring accuracy, each tire region of living in, the quantity of the microphone of layout also can exceed 5, but considers the demand degree on length and the engineering development of test period, and cost performance is not high.
(2). rear bumper region of living in
Rear bumper is in exhausr port noise source place, and the microphone that is positioned at rear bumper region of living in is mainly used to assess the sealing of exhausr port to this bang path of car pilot set place.
Multiple microphones of arranging in described rear bumper region of living in lay respectively at the back lower place of rear bumper, and the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level, parallel to each other and spaced set.Further, multiple microphones of arranging in described rear bumper region of living in gas outlet in same level and all parallel with gas outlet; The position of the reception sound of the plurality of microphone is 100mm apart from the bee-line of rear bumper afterbody place vertical plane (with YZ plane parallel).The quantity of the microphone of further, arranging in described rear bumper region of living in is at least five.As for the spacing of the microphone of arranging in rear bumper region of living in, can be set voluntarily according to the length of the rear bumper of actual vehicle by those skilled in the art, in Y-axis positive dirction, comparatively be close to suitable with the head and the tail two ends of rear bumper respectively with the microphone that is positioned at head and the tail both sides.
Adopt one-sided gas outlet to describe the position of each microphone in rear bumper region of living in detail as example taking the quantity of the microphone arranged in rear bumper region of living in as 5 and car load below in conjunction with Fig. 7.
As shown in Figure 7, described rear bumper is furnished with altogether 5 microphones in region 4 of living in, be followed successively by microphone 403 along Y-axis positive dirction, microphone 404, microphone 405, microphone 406 and microphone 407, these 5 microphones are positioned at the back lower place of rear bumper 401, be positioned in same level with one-sided gas outlet 402, all be arranged in parallel with gas outlet 402, and near microphone 406 and the microphone 407 and gas outlet 402 spaced sets of gas outlet 402, receive the position of sound all towards X-axis negative direction, spacing between adjacent two microphones is 300mm left and right, the position of the reception sound of each microphone is 100mm apart from the bee-line of rear bumper 401 afterbody place vertical planes (with YZ plane parallel).Spacing, position between different automobile types microphone have fine setting, are uniformly distributed as long as ensure.
5 microphones in rear bumper region of living in have as shown in Figure 7 been arranged in the direction of gas outlet noise source radiation, through verification experimental verification, these 5 microphones be enough to assessment from exhausr port to car in the sealing of this bang path of pilot set, thereby can optimize sealing and the vehicle body rear side wall acoustical material of associated via on bang path.Certainly, in order further to improve measuring accuracy,, the quantity of the microphone of layout also can exceed 5 in rear bumper the region of living in, but considers the demand degree on length and the engineering development of test period, and cost performance is not high.
(3) body bottom region of living in
Body bottom is in noise source place, road, making an uproar in road is that vehicle is in the time running at high speed, on the vibrations of drive chassis, road, Stone Shock chassis and wind incision produce, and the microphone that is positioned at body bottom region of living in is mainly used to assess the sealing of body bottom diverse location to this bang path of car pilot set place.
Multiple microphones of arranging in described body bottom region of living in lay respectively near body bottom, and the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level and is evenly distributed on body bottom.Further, under car load no-load condition, the distance between multiple microphones of arranging in described body bottom region of living in and each tire bottom place surface level (being ground) is 100mm.The quantity of the microphone of further, arranging in described body bottom region of living in is at least 5.
Describe each microphone position body bottom of living in region in taking the quantity of the microphone arranged in body bottom region of living in as 5 as example below in conjunction with Fig. 8.It should be noted that, Fig. 8 is upward view.
As shown in Figure 8, described body bottom is furnished with altogether 5 microphones in region 5 of living in, it is positioned in same level and is evenly distributed on body bottom, and the distance between ground is 100mm, all be arranged in parallel with X-axis, receive the position of sound all towards X-axis negative direction, these 5 microphones are respectively: receive distance between position and the automobile left side place vertical plane (and XZ plane parallel) of sound and be 445mm and and the wheel shaft of the near front wheel 301 between the distance microphone 504 that is 700mm, receive distance between position and the car right side place vertical plane (and XZ plane parallel) of sound and be 445mm and and the wheel shaft of off-front wheel 501 between the distance microphone 505 that is 700mm, receive distance between position and the automobile left side place vertical plane (and XZ plane parallel) of sound and be 445mm and and the wheel shaft of left rear wheel 503 between the distance microphone 506 that is 900mm, receive distance between position and the car right side place vertical plane (and XZ plane parallel) of sound and be 445mm and and the wheel shaft of off hind wheel 502 between the distance microphone 507 that is 900mm, and the position that receives sound is the microphone 508 on 740mm and the axis parallel with X-axis that is positioned at automobile with the distance between automobile tail place vertical plane (and YZ plane parallel).
Through verification experimental verification, in body bottom region of living in, arrange that as shown in Figure 85 microphones are enough to the sealing level of the four-wheel automobile body bottom that reflects general model, thus can be according to the acoustical material on floor in the sealing level optimization car of body bottom and the sealing of body bottom panel beating hole.Certainly,, along with vehicle difference, microphone quantity and the position in body bottom region of living in, arranged also can correspondingly be adjusted, and for example, for the compact car of two, can suitably reduce the layout quantity of microphone in body bottom region of living in; For the automobile of large-scale offroad vehicle or more wheels, can suitably increase the layout quantity of microphone in body bottom region of living in, but need to ensure that microphone is uniformly distributed at body bottom, as for the further feature of microphone in the body bottom region of living in of different automobile types, all as hereinbefore, repeat no more.In order further to improve measuring accuracy, for four-wheel automobile, can near three regions automobile front floor, rear floor and baggage compartment floor bottom, be evenly arranged respectively 6 microphones.
(4). each car door region of living in
Each car door is in that make an uproar in road, wind noise source place, and the microphone that is positioned at each car door region of living in is mainly used to assess the sealing of each car door to this bang path of car pilot set place.
Multiple microphones of arranging in described each car door region of living in lay respectively at each door outside.For the four-wheel automobile of general model, the plurality of microphone can lay respectively at left front door, left back door, right front door, right-rear-door and tailgate outside.Further, multiple microphones of arranging in described each car door region of living in are all horizontally disposed with, distance respectively and between corresponding door outside is 100mm, distance respectively and between each tire bottom place surface level (being ground) is 670mm; The position of the reception sound of multiple microphones of arranging in described each car door region of living in is all towards corresponding car door.Further, each door outside is all arranged at least one microphone.
All arrange that taking each door outside a microphone describes each microphone position in each car door region of living in respectively in detail as example below in conjunction with Fig. 9.
As shown in Figure 9, described each car door is furnished with altogether 5 microphones in region 6 of living in, lay respectively at left front door 601, left back door 602, right front door 604, right-rear-door 605 and tailgate 603 outsides, these 5 microphones are respectively: the microphone 606 that is positioned at left front door 601 outsides, be positioned at the microphone 607 in left back door 602 outsides, be positioned at the microphone 608 in tailgate 603 outsides, be positioned at the microphone 609 and the microphone 610 that is positioned at right-rear-door 605 outsides in right front door 604 outsides, microphone 606～microphone 610 is all horizontally disposed with, distance respectively and between corresponding door outside is 100mm, distance respectively and between ground is 670mm, each microphone receives the position of sound all towards corresponding car door.
Through verification experimental verification, all arrange that at each door outside a microphone is enough to reflect the sealing level of each car door as shown in Figure 9, thus can be according to the sealing of the acoustical material of each car door of sealing level optimization of each car door and the sheet metal process via hole of each car door.In order further to improve measuring accuracy, also can arrange multiple microphones at each door outside according to actual vehicle, need to ensure to be uniformly distributed.
Other structures in the present embodiment and effect are all identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more here.
In above-described embodiment 2 and embodiment 3, in automobile front chamber region of living in, each tire region of living in, rear bumper region of living in, body bottom region of living in and each car door region of living in, multiple microphones are arranged respectively, these regions have covered the position of car load noise source substantially, thereby can assess preferably the sealing level of car load, thereby can be effectively for the adjustment of car load acoustics bag provides foundation and guidance.
Be understandable that, above embodiment is only used to principle of the present invention is described and the illustrative embodiments that adopts, but the present invention is not limited thereto.For those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and substance in the present invention, can make various modification and improvement, these modification and improvement are also considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a car load sound transmission loss method of testing, is characterized in that, described method of testing is based on reciprocity, and it comprises the steps:
1) in Bus inner layout medium-high frequency and two sound sources of low frequency; Car load is divided into multiple regions around, using automobile front chamber as a region, and in regional, arranges respectively multiple microphones;
2) obtain respectively medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source average sound pressure level in regional in the time of different frequency scope in car, and the sound pressure level of the noise that medium-high frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with regional in average sound pressure level subtract each other, and the sound pressure level of the noise that low-frequency sound source in car is produced when the different frequency scope respectively with regional in average sound pressure level subtract each other, draw the regional oise insulation factor within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively, thereby draw the regional sound transmission loss amount within the scope of the different frequency of medium-high frequency and low frequency respectively.
2. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 1) in, the position of described microphone need meet the following conditions:
Described microphone is arranged in the most noise sources position on the car load in transport condition;
For the larger noise source of the volume on the car load in transport condition, described microphone is arranged near its outside enveloping surface;
For the stronger noise source of radiated noise directivity on the car load in transport condition, described microphone is arranged in its each radiation direction.
3. method of testing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, using each microphone position as a test point, the test condition of described method of testing need meet at least one in following condition:
A. test and be greater than 15dB by the noise at each test point place and the difference of ground unrest on car load;
B. the temperature range of test environment is 18～29 DEG C;
C. the temperature variation of test environment is less than 6 DEG C;
D. test can reflect the current design of vehicle to be assessed, manufacture and assembling integral level with car load;
E. test is light condition with car load;
F. test all mediates in the horizontal direction with in vertical direction with the adjustable seat of car load, and backrest is in vertical position.
4. according to the method for testing described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, in step 1) in, multiple microphones of arranging in described automobile front chamber region of living in lay respectively near the outside enveloping surface of engine and wheel box.
5. according to the method for testing described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, in step 1) in, the multiple regions that are divided into around car load are respectively: each tire region of living in, rear bumper region of living in, body bottom region of living in and each car door region of living in.
6. method of testing according to claim 5, is characterized in that, multiple microphones of arranging in described each tire region of living in lay respectively near the top of each tire and near the both sides, front and back of each tire in travel direction.
7. method of testing according to claim 5, is characterized in that, multiple microphones of arranging in described rear bumper region of living in lay respectively at the back lower place of rear bumper, and the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level, parallel to each other and spaced set.
8. method of testing according to claim 5, is characterized in that, multiple microphones of arranging in described body bottom region of living in lay respectively near body bottom, and the plurality of microphone is positioned in same level and is evenly distributed on body bottom.
9. method of testing according to claim 5, is characterized in that, multiple microphones of arranging in described each car door region of living in lay respectively at each door outside.
10. according to the method for testing described in any one in claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, in step 2) in, the frequency range of dividing respectively medium-high frequency sound source and low-frequency sound source according to third-octave.
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