CN104033245A - Variable-compression-ratio engine - Google Patents
Variable-compression-ratio engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN104033245A CN104033245A CN201310077000.7A CN201310077000A CN104033245A CN 104033245 A CN104033245 A CN 104033245A CN 201310077000 A CN201310077000 A CN 201310077000A CN 104033245 A CN104033245 A CN 104033245A
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Abstract
The invention provides a variable-compression-ratio engine. The variable-compression-ratio engine is characterized in that a movable cover is arranged at the upper part of a cylinder and can move up and down under the control of a sliding block. According to the variable-compression-ratio engine, the compression ratio of the engine can be changed by changing the capacity of the cylinder; a power output mechanism is a three-connecting-rod double-crankshaft movement pair that raises the rotating angle of a power stroke crankshaft, namely, the power stroke is extended, and therefore, the vibration of the engine can be lowered down, the efficiency of the engine can be raised, and the discharged harmful substances can be decreased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of variable compression ratio engine, it is characterized in that cylinder upper has a movably cylinder cap, by a slide block, carry out moving up and down of application cylider cover, by changing the mode of cylinder volume, change the compression ratio of motor, power take-off mechanism is three connecting rod double-crankshaft kinematic pair, expansion stroke crank angle increases, and is equivalent to increase the length of expansion stroke, can reduce vibration, raising engine efficiency, the reduction discharge of poisonous waste of motor.
Background technique
It is exactly changeable compression ratio technique that motor car engine does not still have the technology breaking through so far, the motor of global all volume productions is all fixing compression ratio engine now, fixedly compression ratio engine is stable and reliable for performance, technological innovation performance through decades can be rated as perfection, but its defect is also very obvious, fixedly compression ratio can not adapt to all working condition requirements exactly, cause efficiency, the indexs such as discharge can not further improve, although Ge great main engine factory all make every effort to have breakthrough aspect variable compression ratio, the solution of multiple variable compression ratio had also once been proposed, but technical barrier and the bottleneck that cannot break through have all been run into, it is too high that complex structure is controlled difficult cost, poor stability and cannot volume production, common engine structure is monotroded bar single axle construction, although simply efficient, therefore but also have its some defect, that is exactly that expansion stroke and compression stroke piston can produce very large side pressure by countercylinder, frictional loss is increased.
Summary of the invention
Variable compression ratio engine number of spare parts of the present invention is few, control simple, efficiency is high, compression ratio is can from 8 to 22 even wider freely to be changed, adopt in-cylinder direct injection two stroke designs, not only can solve two-cycle engine and pollute high problem, also improve the fuel efficiency of motor, reduce discharge of poisonous waste, especially be applicable to HCCI technology, the structure of connecting rod and bent axle is designed to three connecting rod double-crankshaft kinematic pair, piston can not produce side pressure, frictional loss is reduced, three connecting rod double-crankshaft structures can also make expansion stroke increase than the corner of the bent axle of compression stroke, rotation angle surpasses 180 degree, the distance that is equivalent to bent axle acting increases, can make more that heat energy is converted into mechanical energy, not only can improve fuel efficiency, can also make engine running more steady.
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that to realize the compression ratio of motor adjustable continuously, realize the part of variable compression ratio of engines by cylinder (11), cylinder body (12), cylinder cap (13), slide block (14), diaphragm spring (15), upper cover (16), spark plug (17), oil nozzle (18), final controlling element (19) forms, the bottom that it is characterized in that cylinder cap (13) is that cylindrical being inserted in cylinder (11) can move up and down, on cylinder cap (13), being equipped with piston ring and seal ring seals cylinder (11), respectively there is an inclined-plane both sides on cylinder cap (13) top, coordinate (seeing Fig. 5) with the inclined-plane of slide block (14) both sides, on the boss at cylinder cap (13) middle part, assemble diaphragm spring (15), diaphragm spring (15) is fixed by screws in the groove of upper-end surface of cylinder body (12), when slide block (14) moves forward, the inclined-plane of slide block (14) drives the inclined-plane of cylinder cap (13) that cylinder cap (13) is moved down, when slide block (14) moves backward, diaphragm spring (15) moves up cylinder cap cylinder cap jack-up, cylinder cap (13) thus move up and down and changed the change that the volume in cylinder has been realized engine compression ratio, slide block (14) is connected and is driven by it and can moves forward and backward with final controlling element (19), two boss that inclined-plane intermediate portion is a hollow on cylinder cap (13), by seal ring, coordinate and avoid oil leak with upper cover (16), the boss mounted inside spark plug (17) of hollow and oil nozzle (18), when cylinder cap (13) moves up and down, spark plug (17) and oil nozzle (18) are followed cylinder cap (13) and are moved together, slide block (14) lower end surface is that a plane coordinates with the upper-end surface of cylinder body (12) and can slide front and back, the upper-end surface of slide block (14) is also that a plane coordinates with upper cover (16) and can slide front and back, upper cover (16) is bolted on cylinder body (12), upper cover (16) and cylinder body (12) firmly block slide block (14) and can only slide front and back, all pressure when slide block (14) is mobile when upper cover (16) bears from cylinder cap (13) all impact forces when the expansion stroke and adjusts compression ratio, final controlling element (19) is connected with slide block (14), final controlling element (19) can be oil hydraulic cylinder, motor-driven leading screw etc., controlled by the ECU of motor, under different operating modes, drag slide block (14) to suitable position, for motor provides most suitable compression ratio, for multicylinder engine, can control a slide block by a final controlling element, a slide block is controlled a plurality of cylinder caps, each cylinder is joined an independently cylinder cap (13).
The working principle of variable compression ratio engine of the present invention is: intake duct (9) and air outlet flue (10) are arranged on cylinder (11), need external gas compressor to take a breath to cylinder, the position of air outlet flue (10) is higher than intake duct, expansion stroke end, piston (8) is first opened air outlet flue (10), waste gas after acting is discharged from air outlet flue (10), then, piston is opened intake duct (9), fresh air outside cylinder is rushed in cylinder (11) and is completed scavenging, then, on piston (8), move successively by intake duct (9) and air outlet flue (10) sealing, piston (8) moves on continuing, gas in compression cylinder (11), near oil nozzle (18) oil spout when piston arrives top dead center, spark plug (17) igniting, mixed gas in cylinder is lighted, promote the to-and-fro motion that goes round and begins again of piston (8) and bent axle.This design stands good in diesel engine, has only retained oil nozzle (18) on cylinder cap (13), and other structures are constant, is exactly now a diesel engine.
The structure of the power output of this variable compression ratio engine always has three kinds of modes:
First kind of way is by left bent axle (1), right bent axle (2), left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4), middle connecting rod (5), left gear (6), right gear (7), the kinematic pair (seeing Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) that a set of three-link mechanism that piston (8) forms is connected with pair of parallel bent axle, concrete structure is that piston (8) is connected and can be freely rotated by wrist pin with middle connecting rod (5), left connecting rod (3) and right connecting rod (4) are arranged symmetrically in the both sides of middle connecting rod (5) and equal in length, left connecting rod (3) is connected and can be freely rotated by link pin with middle connecting rod (5) with right connecting rod (4) upper end, lower end is connected and can freely rotates with the pitman shaft of left bent axle (1) and right bent axle (2) respectively, it is vertical with cylinder (11) that left bent axle (1) and right bent axle (2) are arranged in parallel in cylinder (11) bottom, the end of left bent axle (1) is fixedly connected with left gear (6), the end of right bent axle (2) is fixedly connected with right gear (7), left gear (6) intermeshing make left bent axle (1) identical with right gear (7) number of teeth is identical with right bent axle (2) rotating speed, direction of rotation, the benefit of this structure be middle connecting rod (5) though be expansion stroke or compression stroke all the time with piston parallel motion, piston countercylinder does not produce side pressure, not only can reduce frictional loss, can also improve the life-span of piston and cylinder, in addition, left connecting rod (3) or right connecting rod (4) can form a phase angle in two positions of top dead center and lower dead center, expansion stroke as shown in Figure 2 has more a phase angle than compression stroke, this just makes the angular travel distance of expansion stroke longer, the heat energy that can make fuel combustion produce converts mechanical energy more to, efficiency is higher, the vibrations meeting of motor is less, at the left connecting rod in lower dead center place (3), the angle that right connecting rod (4) forms is for returning to angle, return to angle and be less than 180 degree, return to angle and more approach 180 degree, the pressure angle of middle connecting rod (5) when lower dead center is returned is larger, easier mineralization pressure dead angle causes engine roughness, when returning to angle, equal 180 and just formed pressure dead angle motor cisco unity malfunction while spending, middle connecting rod (5) has three kinds of Placements with piston (8), the first is that wrist pin connects (seeing Fig. 2), the second is fixedly connected with and can not mutually moves with piston for being fixedly connected with (seeing Fig. 6) middle connecting rod, the third mode has been got middle connecting rod (5), and middle connecting rod (5) and piston (8) are made to a part (seeing Fig. 7), left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) have two kinds with the Placement of middle connecting rod (5), the first is that left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) are connected to jointly by link pin on a point of middle connecting rod (5) (seeing Fig. 2), the second Placement is on middle connecting rod (5), to have two attachment holes to be arranged symmetrically with, and left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) are connected (seeing Fig. 6, Fig. 7) by link pin independently with middle connecting rod (5) respectively.
The second way is (seeing Fig. 9), left bent axle (1), right bent axle (2) is parallel to each other and is arranged between cylinder (11) and auxiliary steam cylinder (25), cylinder (11) and auxiliary steam cylinder (25) are concentric, power output system is by piston (8), sub-piston (26), left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) forms with middle connecting rod (5), the two ends of middle connecting rod (5) connect piston (8) and sub-piston (26) simultaneously, left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) is arranged symmetrically in the both sides of middle connecting rod (5), and be connected and can freely rotate with the pitman shaft of left bent axle (1) and right bent axle (2), left bent axle (1) with on right bent axle (2), be connected respectively left gear (6) and right gear (7), left gear (6) intermeshing make left bent axle (1) identical with right gear (7) number of teeth is identical with right bent axle (2) rotating speed, direction of rotation, cylinder (11) and auxiliary steam cylinder (25) be ignition-powering alternately, returning to angle maximum can be 180 degree, there is not the problem at pressure dead angle, make the angular travel distance of expansion stroke of cylinder longer, but the expansion stroke of auxiliary steam cylinder is shorter, middle connecting rod (5) has three kinds with the Placement of piston (8) and sub-piston (26), the first is that the two ends of connecting rod (5) in wrist pin connection (seeing Fig. 9) connect piston (8) and sub-piston (26) by wrist pin, the second Placement is fixedly connected with and can not mutually moves with sub-piston (26) with piston (8) in the two ends of middle connecting rod (5) for being fixedly connected with (seeing Figure 10), the third Placement is by middle connecting rod (5), piston (8), sub-piston (26) is made a part, cancelled middle connecting rod (seeing Figure 11), the benefit of this structure is that pair of pistons links together, the power that directly provides compression stroke to need for another cylinder in the time of a cylinder acting, do not need to transmit power by crankshaft-link rod, energy transfer efficiency is high, turn round more steady, be particularly suitable for the motor of high compression ratio, especially applicable for HCCI mode of operation, one of them cylinder whole process can be defined as to HCCI mode works, no matter it works load height all the time in most suitable HCCI bandwidth range, another one cylinder adopts the mode of plug ignition to work, power when supplementing and high loading is provided by the motor of spark ignition.
The third mode is comprised of monotroded bar (20), single axle (21) and piston (8), the structure identical (seeing Fig. 8) of the structure of connecting bar and crankshaft piston and existing engine link bent axle piston, Ratios structure by existing crankshaft rod structure and removable cover type forms a motor, compression ratio is adjustable, and power output structure is simple and reliable.
The advantage of invention
Variable compression ratio engine of the present invention, it is characterized in that cylinder upper has a movably cylinder cap, by a slide block, carry out moving up and down of application cylider cover, slide block is driven by final controlling element, thereby the mobile cylinder volume that changes of cylinder cap changes the compression ratio of motor, the change of empirical evidence engine compression ratio can obviously improve engine efficiency, reduce discharge of poisonous waste, mobile cover type variable compression ratio engine number of spare parts of the present invention is few, control simple, efficiency is high, compression ratio is can from 8 to 22 even wider freely to be changed, adopt in-cylinder direct injection two stroke designs, not only can give up two-cycle engine and pollute high problem, also improve the fuel efficiency of motor, reduce discharge of poisonous waste, especially be applicable to HCCI technology applies on this motor, the structure of connecting rod and bent axle is designed to three connecting rod double-crankshaft kinematic pair, piston can not produce side pressure, frictional loss is reduced, three connecting rod double-crankshaft structures can also make the rotation angle of bent axle in expansion stroke surpass 180 degree, identical length of stroke promotes bent axle and turns over more perspective, can make more that heat energy is converted into mechanical energy, not only can improve fuel efficiency, can also make engine running more steady.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of variable compression ratio engine, wherein comprises movably cylinder cap (13), slide block (14), and the mobile application cylider cover (13) of slide block (14) slides up and down to change compression ratio.
Fig. 2 is the side direction view of the schematic diagram of variable compression ratio engine, piston (8) and middle connecting rod (5), left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) and left bent axle (1), the secondary outputting power of right bent axle (2) component movement.
Fig. 3 is the plan view of variable compression ratio engine, shows the structure of slide block (14) and cylinder cap (13).
Fig. 4 is the sectional view of variable compression ratio engine, shows the structure of slide block (14) and cylinder cap (13).
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of variable compression ratio engine, shows the structure of slide block (14) and mobile cylinder cap.
The structural drawing that Fig. 6 is connected with middle connecting rod (5) with Fig. 7 piston (8), wherein shown in Fig. 7 for piston (8) and middle connecting rod (5) are rigidly connected, shown in Fig. 8 be that middle connecting rod (5) and piston (8) are as a whole.
Fig. 8 is another structure of variable compression ratio engine, has cancelled the kinematic pair of three connecting rod double-crankshafts, has only retained the kinematic pair of monotroded bar (20) single axle (21).
Fig. 9 is the opposed cylinder structure of variable compression ratio engine, and middle connecting rod (5) connects piston (8) and sub-piston (26) simultaneously, and middle connecting rod (5) and pair of pistons are for being rigidly connected.
Structure shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 is middle connecting rod (5) and other two kinds of Placements of piston (8) and sub-piston (26), and to be middle connecting rod be connected for wrist pin with piston (8) and sub-piston (26) structure of Figure 10.The structure of Figure 10, for having cancelled middle connecting rod (5), is made an one-piece parts by piston (8), middle connecting rod (5), sub-piston (26).
Embodiment
Engine ECU control final controlling element drags slide block and slidably reciprocates, slide block again drive cylinder covers the compression ratio that moves up and down to change motor, slide block advances, cylinder cap is descending, it is large that compression ratio becomes, otherwise slide block retreats, the up compression ratio of cylinder cap diminishes, when engine knock sensors detects after pinking, ECU sends instruction and retreats and reduce compression ratio elimination pinking to final controlling element control slide block, at various operating mode ECU, can control final controlling element uses motor to have most suitable compression ratio, in the situation that not producing pinking, allow under the operating mode of the maximum compression ratio that motor can bear as far as possible and turn round, thereby raising fuel efficiency, reduce pollution emissions.
Claims (3)
1. a variable compression ratio engine, it is characterized in that the part that realizes variable compression ratio of engines is by cylinder (11), cylinder body (12), cylinder cap (13), slide block (14), diaphragm spring (15), upper cover (16), spark plug (17), oil nozzle (18), final controlling element (19) forms, the bottom of cylinder cap (13) is that cylindrical being inserted in cylinder (11) can move up and down, on cylinder cap (13), being equipped with piston ring and seal ring seals cylinder (11), respectively there is an inclined-plane both sides on cylinder cap (13) top, coordinate with the inclined-plane of slide block (14) both sides, on the boss at cylinder cap (13) middle part, assemble diaphragm spring (15), diaphragm spring (15) is fixedly assemblied in by screw in the groove of upper-end surface of cylinder body (12), when slide block (14) moves forward, the inclined-plane of slide block (14) drives the inclined-plane of cylinder cap (13) that cylinder cap (13) is moved down, when slide block (14) moves backward, diaphragm spring (15) moves up cylinder cap cylinder cap jack-up, cylinder cap (13) thus move up and down and changed the change that the volume in cylinder has been realized engine compression ratio, slide block (14) is connected and is driven by it and can moves forward and backward with final controlling element (19), two boss that inclined-plane intermediate portion is a hollow on cylinder cap (13), by seal ring and upper cover (16) sealing, avoid oil leak, the boss mounted inside spark plug (17) of hollow and oil nozzle (18), when cylinder cap (13) moves up and down, spark plug (17) and oil nozzle (18) are followed cylinder cap (13) and are moved together, slide block (14) lower end surface is that a plane coordinates with the upper-end surface of cylinder body (12) and can slide front and back, the upper-end surface of slide block (14) is also that a plane coordinates with upper cover (16) and can slide front and back, upper cover (16) is bolted on cylinder body (12), upper cover (16) and cylinder body (12) firmly block slide block (14) and can only slide front and back, final controlling element (19) is controlled by the ECU of motor.
2. variable compression ratio engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the first kind of way of power output structure of variable compression ratio engine is by left bent axle (1), right bent axle (2), left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4), middle connecting rod (5), left gear (6), right gear (7), piston (8) forms, piston (8) is connected and can be freely rotated by wrist pin with middle connecting rod (5), left connecting rod (3) and right connecting rod (4) are arranged symmetrically in the both sides of middle connecting rod (5) and equal in length, left connecting rod (3) is connected and can be freely rotated by link pin with middle connecting rod (5) with right connecting rod (4) upper end, lower end is connected and can freely rotates with the pitman shaft of left bent axle (1) and right bent axle (2) respectively, it is vertical with cylinder (11) that left bent axle (1) and right bent axle (2) are arranged in parallel in cylinder (11) bottom, the end of left bent axle (1) is fixedly connected with left gear (6), the end of right bent axle (2) is fixedly connected with right gear (7), left gear (6) intermeshing make left bent axle (1) identical with right gear (7) number of teeth is identical with right bent axle (2) rotating speed, direction of rotation, middle connecting rod (5) all the time with piston parallel motion, piston countercylinder does not produce side pressure, expansion stroke has more the distance at a phase angle than compression stroke, return to angle and be less than 180 degree, middle connecting rod (5) has three kinds of Placements with piston (8), the first is that wrist pin connects, the second is for being fixedly connected with, the third makes a part by middle connecting rod (5) and piston (8), left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) has two kinds with the Placement of middle connecting rod (5), the first is left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) is connected on the same point of middle connecting rod (5) jointly by link pin, the second Placement is on middle connecting rod (5), to have two attachment holes to be arranged symmetrically with, left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) passes through respectively independently link pin and is connected with middle connecting rod (5).
3. variable compression ratio engine as claimed in claim 1, the second way that it is characterized in that the power output structure of variable compression ratio engine, left bent axle (1), right bent axle (2) is parallel to each other and is arranged between cylinder (11) and auxiliary steam cylinder (25), cylinder (11) and auxiliary steam cylinder (25) are concentric, power output structure is by piston (8), sub-piston (26), left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) forms with middle connecting rod (5), the two ends of middle connecting rod (5) connect piston (8) and sub-piston (26) simultaneously, left connecting rod (3), right connecting rod (4) is arranged symmetrically in the both sides of middle connecting rod (5), and be connected and can freely rotate with the pitman shaft of left bent axle (1) and right bent axle (2), left bent axle (1) with on right bent axle (2), be connected respectively left gear (6) and right gear (7), left gear (6) intermeshing make left bent axle (1) identical with right gear (7) number of teeth is identical with right bent axle (2) rotating speed, direction of rotation, cylinder (11) and auxiliary steam cylinder (25) be ignition-powering alternately, returning to angle maximum can be 180 degree, middle connecting rod (5) and piston (8), the Placement of sub-piston (26) has three kinds, the first is that the two ends of middle connecting rod (5) connect piston (8) and sub-piston (26) by wrist pin, the second is that the two ends of middle connecting rod (5) are fixedly connected with sub-piston (26) with piston (8), the third is by middle connecting rod (5), piston (8), sub-piston (26) is made a part.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310077000.7A CN104033245A (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2013-03-05 | Variable-compression-ratio engine |
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| CN201310077000.7A CN104033245A (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2013-03-05 | Variable-compression-ratio engine |
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| CN104033245A true CN104033245A (en) | 2014-09-10 |
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| CN201310077000.7A Pending CN104033245A (en) | 2013-03-05 | 2013-03-05 | Variable-compression-ratio engine |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106640400A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2017-05-10 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Cylinder cover, engine, control method of engine, control unit and automobile |
| CN115329608A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-11-11 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Piston design method and piston |
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| CN115329608A (en) * | 2022-10-14 | 2022-11-11 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Piston design method and piston |
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Application publication date: 20140910 |