Background technology
Auricularia auriculajudae, another name black fungus, light auricularia auriculajudae.Mycology is divided generic Basidiomycetes, Auriculariale, Auriculariaceae.Color and luster is dark brown, quality softness, and delicious flavour, nutritious.The content of auricularia auriculajudae protein is six times of milk, calcium, phosphorus, iron fiber cellulose content are quite a few, in addition, also have the carbohydrates such as mannosans, glucose, wood sugar, and Yelkin TTS, ergosterol and vitamins C etc., protein abundance, and be rich in multivitamin and mineral substance, and particularly iron content is high, and every 100 grams of dried fungus iron content reach 185 milligrams, be 100 times of meat, black fungus is the splendid food of Patients with iron deficiency anemia.Auricularia auriculajudae can element can meat or fish, not only add greatly elegance for Chinese food, and can nourish blood and preserve youthful looks, make us skin ruddy, radiant, and can prevent and treat hypoferric anemia etc., there are a lot of medicinal efficacies, as auricularia auriculajudae has effect that prevention of arterial is atherosis; Black fungus also has ease constipation function of detoxification; Adenosine in black fungus has the thrombotic effect of significant inhibition, therefore, or the elderly's good protective foods; Black fungus also has and dissolves more significantly function endogenous foreign matters such as gallbladdergallstonecholetithiasis, urinary stone disease, vesical calculus, coprolites; Black fungus also contains several mineral materials, can produce strong chemical reaction to various calculus, strips off, breaks up, corrodes calculus, and calculus is dwindled, and discharges.Black fungus is tonic, and the efficacy of a drug is mild, thus only should be used for light disease, slow disease or subhealth state person's daily health caring, if meet severe, acute disease when needing his medicine of compatibility or as treatment supplement.
Black fungus is the traditional exporting of China, has realized at present mass-producing, Bag Materialization cultivation.But due to extensive planting type, shortage science, supporting living contaminants measure, living contaminants harm is increased, become the critical limitation factor of black fungus with high yield, stable yields.So the harm of effectively controlling black fungus miscellaneous bacteria is the important step that realizes black fungus with high yield, stable yields, high-quality.How finding a kind of auricularia auriculajudae substratum with antibacterial becomes the new demand in auricularia auriculajudae cultivation field.
Flower of Arabian Jasmine is a kind of natural senior spice berry.Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag is the dry flower after jasmine fresh flower scenting tea, or extracts the discarded bud after essential oil, usually used as waste disposal.In scented tea baking process, tealeaves only absorbs a part for the aromatoising substance in Flower of Arabian Jasmine.In flower slag, still there is a large amount of valuable aromatoising substances and trace element, still have very large utility value.Lin Jinfang research early the nutritive ingredient of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, think Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag the similar summary of nutritive value or be better than wheat bran, rice bran class.The researchs such as leaf shines find that 10% Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag can replace the wheat bran of 2% soya-bean cake and 85%, illustrates that Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag still has higher nutritive value.King sends out the left main inclusion composition in Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag of comparatively system having studied, result show moisture content 5.97% in Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, crude protein 20.8%, crude fat 2.4%, robust fibre 12.4%,
Water-soluble carbohydrate 8.04%, total free aminoacids 3.41%, vitamins C 0.21%.Total free aminoacids detects in 15, wherein containing in essential amino acid 6; Detect 16 kinds of protein hydrolytic amino acids, wherein in essential amino acid 7.King send out research Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag left in except containing above-mentioned natural product composition, also, containing abundant Flavonoid substances, reach more than 3%.Flavonoid compound has sterilization, anti-oxidant, anti-ageing, cancer-resisting, the multiple physiologically active such as hypoglycemic.Flower of Arabian Jasmine has larger cultivated area in China, aboundresources, and scenting tea and extraction essential oil, medicinal extract produce a large amount of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slags, as waste disposal, waste resource.Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag is applied in and in auricularia auriculajudae substratum, has wide market outlook and economic worth.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of varied bacteria growing that suppresses, and strengthens the auricularia auriculajudae substratum of the interpolation Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag of auricularia auriculajudae antioxygenation.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following steps:
Add an auricularia auriculajudae substratum for Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, made by the raw material of following weight percent: wood chip 60%~65%, auxiliary material 25%~30%, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag 7%~13%, sugar 0.8%~1.5%, gypsum 0.8%~1.2%.
The auricularia auriculajudae substratum of interpolation Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag of the present invention, is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: wood chip 62.7%, auxiliary material 28%, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag 7%, sugar 1.1%, gypsum 1.0%.
Wood chip of the present invention preferably derives from the one in willow, paulownia, willow, lime tree.Willow, paulownia, willow, lime tree belong to broad-leaved soft weedtree, they wooden loose and content of lignin is higher.
Optimization of Adjuvant of the present invention is one or more in Semen Maydis powder, wheat bran, cotton seed hulls, corn cob, in the time mixing use, can be arbitrary proportion.In formula, add these auxiliary materials, be conducive to improve sugar and the vitamin contents of substratum, promote the growth of auricularia auriculajudae, improve the output of auricularia auriculajudae.
Sugar of the present invention is preferably sucrose or glucose.Because the selected soft weedtree content of lignin of the present invention is high, for improving auricularia auriculajudae to wooden utilization ratio, in batching, suitably improve sugared content, to induce the generation of lignoenzyme and to improve the activity of lignoenzyme.
For suppressing varied bacteria growing, strengthen auricularia auriculajudae antioxygenation, the present invention adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag in substratum, and Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag of the present invention is the dry flower after jasmine fresh flower scenting tea, or extracts the dry flower after essential oil, medicinal extract.
A preparation method who adds the auricularia auriculajudae substratum of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, comprises the steps:
(1) wood dust is broken into 1~2mm particle, dries;
(2) wood pellet, gypsum, auxiliary material, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag are mixed, pour in compound soluble in water sugar, spray water while stirring to water ratio be 55%~65%, windrow 1~2 day;
(3) substratum is packed into polythene material film barrel bag, pack 250g/ bag, then normal-pressure sterilization 8~13h in 110 DEG C of steam, is cooled to 23~28 DEG C, must add the auricularia auriculajudae substratum of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag.
Compared to existing technology, the invention has the advantages that:
1, in Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, contain abundant flavones and flavones ingredient, flavones in Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag and flavones ingredient have certain restraining effect to miscellaneous bacterias such as proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus, subtilis, intestinal bacteria, and Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag is added to and in auricularia auriculajudae substratum, reaches antibacterial object.
2, the composition Wheat Protein in Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, the present invention, by add Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag in auricularia auriculajudae substratum, can strengthen auricularia auriculajudae antioxygenation.
3, the Heng County, the southeast in Guangxi abounds with Flower of Arabian Jasmine, output and quality rank first in the whole country, scenting tea and extraction essential oil, medicinal extract produce a large amount of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slags, as waste disposal, and waste resource, the present invention adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag in auricularia auriculajudae substratum, can make full use of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, turn waste into wealth, realize the recycle of resource, promote the value of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, reduce auricularia auriculajudae substratum 20% above cost.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Add an auricularia auriculajudae substratum for Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, made by the raw material of following weight percent: lime tree wood chip 60%, corn cob 30%, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag 7.5%, gypsum 1.5%, sucrose 1.0%.
The preparation method who contains the auricularia auriculajudae substratum that adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, comprises the following steps:
(1) lime tree wood dust is broken into 1mm particle, dries;
(2) lime tree wood pellet, gypsum, corn cob, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag are mixed, pour in compound soluble in water sucrose, spray water while stirring to water ratio be 55%, windrow 1 day;
(3) substratum is packed into polythene material film barrel bag, pack 250g/ bag, then normal-pressure sterilization 8h in 110 DEG C of steam, is cooled to 28 DEG C, must add the auricularia auriculajudae substratum of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag.
Embodiment 2
Add an auricularia auriculajudae substratum for Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, made by the raw material of following weight percent: willow wood chip 60%, wheat bran 12%, Semen Maydis powder 13%, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag 13%, gypsum 1.2%, glucose 0.8%.
The preparation method who contains the auricularia auriculajudae substratum that adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, comprises the following steps:
(1) willow wood dust is broken into 2mm particle, dries;
(2) willow wood pellet, gypsum, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag are mixed, pour in compound soluble in water glucose, spray water while stirring to water ratio be 60%, windrow 1.5 days;
(3) substratum is packed into polythene material film barrel bag, pack 250g/ bag, then normal-pressure sterilization 10h in 110 DEG C of steam, is cooled to 26 DEG C, must add the auricularia auriculajudae substratum of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag.
Embodiment 3
Add an auricularia auriculajudae substratum for Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, made by the raw material of following weight percent: willow wood chip 62.7%, wheat bran 10%, cotton seed hulls 8%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag 7%, gypsum 1.1%, glucose 1.2%.
The preparation method who contains the auricularia auriculajudae substratum that adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, comprises the following steps:
(1) willow wood dust is broken into 1.5mm particle, dries;
(2) willow wood pellet, gypsum, wheat bran, cotton seed hulls, Semen Maydis powder, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag are mixed, pour in compound soluble in water glucose, spray water while stirring to water ratio be 65%, windrow 1.5 days;
(3) substratum is packed into polythene material film barrel bag, pack 250g/ bag, then normal-pressure sterilization 11h in 110 DEG C of steam, is cooled to 24 DEG C, must add the auricularia auriculajudae substratum of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag.
Embodiment 4
Add an auricularia auriculajudae substratum for Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, made by the raw material of following weight percent: paulownia wood chip 65%, cotton seed hulls 10%, corn cob 16%, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag 7.1%, gypsum 0.8%, sucrose 1.1%.
The preparation method who contains the auricularia auriculajudae substratum that adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, comprises the following steps:
(1) paulownia wood chip is ground into 2mm particle, dries;
(2) paulownia wood pellet, gypsum, cotton seed hulls, corn cob, Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag are mixed, pour in compound soluble in water sucrose, spray water while stirring to water ratio be 65%, windrow 2 days;
(3) substratum is packed into polythene material film barrel bag, pack 250g/ bag, then normal-pressure sterilization 13h in 110 DEG C of steam, is cooled to 23 DEG C, must add the auricularia auriculajudae substratum of Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag.
Comparative example
A kind of auricularia auriculajudae substratum, is made up of the raw material of following weight percent: willow wood chip 62.7%, wheat bran 10%, cotton seed hulls 8%, Semen Maydis powder 10%, gypsum 1.1%, glucose 1.2%, water 7%.
The preparation method who contains the auricularia auriculajudae substratum that adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag, comprises the following steps:
(1) willow wood dust is broken into 1.5mm particle, dries;
(2) willow wood pellet, gypsum, wheat bran, cotton seed hulls, Semen Maydis powder are mixed, pour in compound soluble in water glucose, spray water while stirring to water ratio be 65%, windrow 1.5 days;
(3) substratum is packed into polythene material film barrel bag, pack 250g/ bag, then normal-pressure sterilization 11h in 110 DEG C of steam, is cooled to 24 DEG C, obtains auricularia auriculajudae substratum.
Test example 1: the restraining effect of the auricularia auriculajudae substratum that the present invention adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag to miscellaneous bacteria
1, medium liquid preparation: the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4, comparative example are pressed respectively to solid-liquid ratio 1:30 extracting in water, extract three times, united extraction liquid, be concentrated into certain volume, add the ethanol precipitation of 3 times 95%, get supernatant concentration, dry, obtain embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4, comparative example substratum crude extract is for subsequent use.
2, cultivate and qualification for examination bacterial classification and purifying thereof:
Bacillus proteus, staphylococcus, subtilis, intestinal bacteria, provided by Guangxi University's Animal Science And Technology.
Bacterial classification adopts continuous method of scoring to carry out purifying, and bacterium colony after cultivation adopts gram staining method to differentiate, the strain inclined plane after discriminating cultivates, for subsequent use.
Gram staining method: bacterium is first through basic dyestuff violet staining, and after the mordant dyeing of iodine liquid, decolours with alcohol, the bacterium purple having under certain condition is not divested, and what have is divested, and therefore bacterium can be divided into two large classes, the former is called gram-positive microorganism, and the latter is Gram-negative bacteria.For observing conveniently, after decolouring again with a kind of orchil as luxuriant in alkalescence red, dilute azaleine etc. and redye.Positive bacteria is still with purple, and negative bacterium is by red-dyed.Have brood cell's bacillus and most coccuses, and all actinomycetes and fungi are all gram positive reaction; Vibrios, spirochete and most of pathogenic bactacins all present negative reaction.
3, the preparation of bacteria culture medium:
Adopt beef-protein medium, in order to increase the speed of growth of bacterium, in every lkg water, add 10g glucose so that substratum is improved, O.1Mpa sterilizing 20min, makes flat board.
4, for the preparation that tries bacterium liquid:
The purified bacterium colony with identifying of picking, is inoculated in broth medium, and 36 DEG C of constant-temperature shaking culture are to muddy.Then draw a certain amount of bacterium liquid and be inoculated in several Boiling tubes, repeat above-mentioned condition and cultivate.10 times of dilutions of bacterium liquid, get respectively 0.1ml and are applied to flat board, 36 DEG C of constant temperature culture, and bacterium colony forms rear counting, makes 5 × 1O
8cFU/ml bacterium liquid.
5, punch tool method is measured auricularia auriculajudae substratum that the present invention the adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag restraining effect to miscellaneous bacteria:
On flat board, punch with the punch tool of R=0.6cm, coating oneself through ready bacterium liquid, then in hole, adding concentration is the solution of the different culture media crude extract for subsequent use of 100g/L, 37 DEG C of constant temperature culture are observed for 2~3 days afterwards, survey the size of its inhibition zone.
6, test-results:
Table 1 adds the big or small statistical unit of different auricularia auriculajudae culture medium solution inhibition zone radiuses: cm
As can be seen from Table 1, the auricularia auriculajudae substratum of the interpolation Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag of the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3, embodiment 4 has stronger restraining effect to Bacillus proteus, staphylococcus, subtilis, intestinal bacteria, and the auricularia auriculajudae substratum that does not add Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag of comparative example is extremely faint to miscellaneous bacteria restraining effect.
Test example 2: the auricularia auriculajudae antioxygenation that the present invention cultivates
1, material: the auricularia auriculajudae that the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 3, comparative example are cultivated.
2, test method:
(1) auricularia auriculajudae runic thing is prepared extracting method: the auricularia auriculajudae that the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 3, comparative example are cultivated is pulverized respectively, press solid-liquid ratio 1:25 extracting in water, extract three times, united extraction liquid, be concentrated into certain volume, add the ethanol precipitation of 3 times 95%, get supernatant concentration, dry, obtain auricularia auriculajudae crude extract for subsequent use.
(2) mensuration of reducing power: sample is by the Tripotassium iron hexacyanide (K
3fe (CN)
6) be reduced into yellow prussiate of potash (K
4fe (CN)
6), yellow prussiate of potash again with Fe
3+effect, generates ferriferro cyanide (Prussian blue), and to detect at 700nm wavelength place the size that Prussian blue absorbancy represents reducing power, absorbancy is higher, and the reducing power of sample is just stronger, and oxidation-resistance is stronger.At 700nm wavelength place, measure respectively concentration and be the light absorption value of the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 3, the comparative example of 5mg/ml cultivate.
(3) remove superoxide anion experiment: producing ultra-oxygen anion free radical (O
2-) reaction system in, adding respectively concentration is the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 3, comparative example of 5mg/ml cultivated, and measures their clearance rates.
(4) experiment of removing hydroxyl radical free radical: FeSO
4with H
2o
2reaction produces OH, adds Whitfield's ointment in system, can catch hydroxyl radical free radical and produce coloring matter, and this material has maximum absorption at 510nm place, and in the time there is OH free-radical scavengers in reaction system, this oxidising process is suppressed, and absorbance reduces.At FeSO
4with H
2o
2in reaction system, adding respectively concentration is the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 3, comparative example of 30mg/ml cultivated, and measures clearance rate.
(5) NO under simulated gastric fluid pH condition
2-cleaning reaction effect: cleaning nitrite is effectively to prevent one of approach that N-nitroso compound is carcinogenic.In simulated system, adding and adding respectively concentration is the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 3, comparative example of 14mg/ml cultivated, and measures clearance rate.
(6) DPPH method is measured auricularia auriculajudae anti-oxidant activity: DPPH is a kind of stable free radical in organic solvent, is widely used in anti-oxidant appraisement system.In system, adding respectively concentration is the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that the embodiment of the present invention 1, embodiment 3, comparative example of 30mg/ml cultivated, and measures clearance rate.
3, test-results:
The reducing power of the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that table 1 different culture media is cultivated
? |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 3 |
Comparative example |
Light absorption value |
1.521 |
1.572 |
1.011 |
Table 1 result shows, the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that embodiment 1, embodiment 3, comparative example are cultivated has oxidation-resistance, and embodiment 1, embodiment 3 oxidation-resistances are better than comparative example.
The auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that table 2 different culture media is cultivated is removed the ability of superoxide anion
? |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 3 |
Comparative example |
Clearance rate |
40% |
42% |
20% |
Table 2 shows, the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that embodiment 1, embodiment 3, comparative example are cultivated all has the ability of removing superoxide anion, and embodiment 1, embodiment 3 removing abilities are better than comparative example.
The auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that table 3 different culture media is cultivated is removed the ability of hydroxyl radical free radical
? |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 3 |
Comparative example |
Clearance rate |
81% |
84% |
51% |
Table 3 shows, the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that embodiment 1, embodiment 3, comparative example are cultivated all has the ability of removing hydroxyl radical free radical, and embodiment 1, embodiment 3 removing abilities are better than comparative example.
The auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that table 4 different culture media is cultivated is to NO
2-scavenging(action)
? |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 3 |
Comparative example |
Clearance rate |
61% |
64% |
39% |
Table 4 shows, the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that embodiment 1, embodiment 3, comparative example are cultivated is to NO
2-have scavenging(action), embodiment 1, embodiment 3 removing abilities are better than comparative example.
The auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that table 5 different culture media is cultivated is removed effect to DPPH
Clearance rate |
67% |
71% |
31% |
Table 5 shows, the auricularia auriculajudae crude extract that embodiment 1, embodiment 3, comparative example are cultivated has removing effect to DPPH, and embodiment 1, embodiment 3 remove effect and be better than comparative example.
Comprehensive above-mentioned oxidizing reaction system test-results, the auricularia auriculajudae that known embodiment 1, embodiment 3, comparative example are cultivated has oxidation-resistance, and embodiment 1, embodiment 3 are better than comparative example, illustrate that the auricularia auriculajudae substratum that adds Flower of Arabian Jasmine slag can strengthen the anti-oxidation efficacy of auricularia auriculajudae.