CN104026072A - Method for breeding Peking crammed ducks by aid of fermentation beds - Google Patents
Method for breeding Peking crammed ducks by aid of fermentation beds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for breeding Peking crammed ducks by the aid of fermentation beds. The method includes steps of designing duck sheds, manufacturing the fermentation beds, maintaining the fermentation beds, to be more specific, raking padding by the aid of iron rakes or rotary racks once every 2-3 days after crammed ducks start to be bred in the sheds, and keeping the moisture content of the padding to range from 45% to 50%; enabling the padding to ferment, and processing the padding to enable the padding of the fermentation beds to be recycled. Compared with other technologies for breeding Peking crammed ducks by the aid of fermentation beds, the method has the advantages of simplicity and capability of saving labor cost. Besides, the padding is directly used for manufacturing the fermentation beds without primary fermentation, does not need to ferment or to be processed after each batch of ducks is slaughtered but is piled to ferment at one step after 3-4 batches of crammed ducks are slaughtered. In addition, the feed conservation ratio, the daily weight gain and the mortality and elimination rate of the Pecking crammed ducks bred by the aid of the fermentation beds in the method are equivalent to the feed conversation ratio, the daily weight gain and the mortality and elimination rate of Pecking crammed ducks bred in a conventional ground plane breeding mode, at least one-third of the labor cost can be saved, and the difficult problem of manure disposal in the conventional breeding mode can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to bird and raise field, be specifically related to a kind of method that uses fermentation bed cultivation bird.
Background technology
China is world-class Yang Ya big country, and the development of duck industry occupies important position in national economy.Beijing duck is world-renowned good meat duck standard variety, and what Ye Shi China was few in number has one of livestock and poultry species of independent intellectual property right.Maple leaf duck, cherry valley duck etc. are all that seed selection forms on this basis.Beijing duck have grow fast, fatten the feature that performance is good, be the making raw material of " Beijing roast duck " well-known at home and abroad.At present, Beijing duck has two kinds of modes of feeding, the one, free choice feeding, the 2nd, forced-feeding.The force-fed duck phase refers to that 30-33 age in days turns to fill out begins to delivering for sale, and it is the link of the shortest, the most critical of Peking Stuffed Duck production overall process, is the CCP of product quality of force-feeding a duck.
Peking Stuffed Duck breeding way is extensive, is generally ground flat foster.The force-fed duck phase, the dirty generation of excrement was much larger than the free choice feeding phase owing to being artificial forced-feeding.In production, all need special messenger to carry out artificial clear excrement every day, and not only manpower consumption is large, and the excrement dirt producing is seriously polluted to surrounding enviroment.The dirty difficult problem of processing of excrement has hindered the sound development of Beijing duck industry.
Fermentation bed cultivation can solve from source the dirty difficult problem of processing of excrement in livestock and poultry cultivation, is widely applied in practice.In prior art, (as CN 101796936 B, CN 102027889 A, CN 101558745 B, CN 101658141 A etc.) disclose the fermentation bed cultivation of livestock and poultry.But in prior art, all need to before laying fermentation bed, ferment to bedding and padding, cultivation object ferments again to bedding and padding after delivering for sale.Because Peking Stuffed Duck forced-feeding phases-time is short, will again ferment to bedding and padding according to the every 7-10 of existing deep-litter systems days, not only waste of manpower, and also pad material fermentation must affect the amount of delivering for sale frequently, and production efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of research aspect, this area, the object of the invention is to propose a kind of method of fermentation bed cultivation Peking Stuffed Duck.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is:
A method for fermentation bed cultivation Peking Stuffed Duck, is characterized in that, comprises step:
(1) duck shed design: duck shed span is 10-15m, and front-back wall has window on 400-500mm height; Ceiling is established 1 ventilating opening every 2-3m; In house, stay the walkway of 1-1.5m along rear wall, front wall inner side reserves the wide drinking-water road of 1.5m-2m, in the middle of house is interior, does fermentation bed.Fermentation bed adopts underground type, in duck shed, digs the underground tank that the degree of depth is 30-40cm, adds bedding and padding in groove.Fermentation bed is divided into some unit, uses fence off between each unit;
The duck shed that the present invention proposes has ceiling, and a side is passage, and a side is drinking-water road.Passage is to fill out and feed luck feed barrow, pedestrian etc. for Beijing duck.In addition, fermentation bed will be divided into some unit, and main purpose is for convenient management, can fill out respectively and feed.
(2) fermentation bed is made: the wood chip going mouldy by fresh nothing and rice husk mix in the ratio of 1:1, add pad material fermentation microbial inoculum and the corn flour or the rice bran that account for wood chip and rice husk gross mass 0.5%-1%, add water and stir, control moisture content at 45%-50%, obtain bedding and padding.Bedding and padding are laid in the groove of duck shed, highly, for 30-40cm (concordant with ground after having spread), form fermentation bed, in fermentation bed, the stocking density of Peking Stuffed Duck is 2-3/square metre, fills out and feeds;
The method of filling out hello Beijing duck adopts routine to fill out the method for feeding.
(3) fermentation bed is safeguarded: force-feed a duck behind hurdle, with creeper or Rotary tillage rake, bedding and padding were turned over to rake one time every 2-3 days, be convenient to abundant fermentation.Keep bedding and padding moisture content at 45%-50%.
Humidity control is very crucial to the fermentation bed cultivation of Peking Stuffed Duck, needs the moisture content of results of regular determination bedding and padding, when humidity is excessive, affects the gas exchange in fermentation bed, and the dirty decomposition of excrement is not thorough, easily causes mould amount reproduction, very harmful to Beijing duck.Conventionally fermentation bed is larger near drinking-water road part humidity, should check every day.
(4) pad material fermentation: deliver 3-4 for sale and criticize after force-fed duck, by bedding and padding heap fermentation, after (being at this moment empty house state) fermentation, bedding and padding are spread out and are laid on duck shed ground and continue as fermentation bed.
Because the Beijing duck forced-feeding phase is shorter, after needn't delivering for sale, all bedding and padding are carried out to fermentation process at every turn.
(5) bedding and padding processing: fermenting bed padding is reusable, after every batch of force-fed duck is delivered for sale, supplements fresh bedding and padding, makes fermentation bed height keep 30-40cm.
Preferably, the reinforcing bar fence of using on described drinking-water road supports, and on fence, covers with plastic wire; Automatic drinking bowl is hung in top, drinking-water road.This reinforcing bar fence has the advantages that to be difficult for burn into and can to leak duck excrement.
Wherein, in described step (2), the pad material fermentation microbial inoculum adding accounts for wood chip and rice husk gross mass 0.2%-0.4%.Described pad material fermentation microbial inoculum can adopt commercially available fermenting agent product or homemade pad material fermentation microbial inoculum, and technique effect is identical.
Wherein, in described step (2), entering hurdle Beijing duck is 30-33 age in days.
Wherein, in described step (3), when moisture content is higher than 50% time, can add forced ventilation wet down, or bedding and padding high moisture content and the low bedding and padding of moisture content are exchanged.
Preferably, heap fermentation in described step (4), is that bedding and padding are piled into trapezoidal buttress shape, high 1-1.5m, and the wide 1.5-2m in bottom, the wide 0.9-1.1m in top, length is not limit.Within every 2 days, turn bedding and padding (piling up again after turning).After more than temperature rise to 55 DEG C, maintain 3-5 days.The object turning is to make inside and outside fermentation evenly.Control maintains more than 55 DEG C 3-5 days, so just can reach innoxious.
Further, described bedding and padding are changed after step (3) to (5) is used 1.5-2, and fresh bedding and padding are processed and carried out fermentation bed cultivation by step (2) to (5).
Further, after discarded pad material fermentation, be used for plant husbandry as fertilizer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Compared with other fermentation bed cultivation technology, there is simple, saving human cost.The present invention does not carry out first fermentation to bedding and padding and directly makes fermentation bed, after also needn't delivering for sale, all bedding and padding is carried out to fermentation process at every turn, but deliver for sale after 3-4 criticizes force-fed duck, bedding and padding is carried out to heap fermentation one time.
Adopt the present invention to carry out the fermentation bed cultivation of Peking Stuffed Duck, feedstuff-meat ratio, daily gain and death rate and conventional ground are flat supports quite, saves cost of labor more than 1/3rd, and has solved the dirty difficult problem of processing of excrement in conventional cultivation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the inner vertical view of duck shed;
Fig. 2 is drinking-water road structural representation.
In figure, 1 is front wall, and 2 is rear wall, and 3 is drinking-water road, and 4 is walkway, and 5 is plastic wire, and 6 is reinforcing bar fence, and 7 is drinking bowl.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
In embodiment, if no special instructions, the technological means using is the technological means of this area routine.
Embodiment 1:
Place is scale Peking Stuffed Duck plant of Daxing district, Beijing, China.This adopts the flat Peking Stuffed Duck of supporting in ground.Fermentation bed area 300m
2, only raise Peking Stuffed Duck 700-900 for every batch, forced-feeding was delivered for sale after 10 days.
Experiment is since in November, 2011.Experiment 2 years continuously.
(1) duck shed design: as Fig. 1, duck shed span is 12m, and front-back wall has window on 4500mm height; Ceiling is established 1 ventilating opening every 2m; In house, stay the wide walkway of 1.5m 4 along rear wall 2 inner sides, front wall 1 inner side reserves the wide drinking-water road 3 of 1.5m, the middle fermentation bed of doing in house, and fermentation bed adopts underground type, in duck shed, digs the underground tank that the degree of depth is 40cm, adds bedding and padding in groove.Fermentation bed is divided into some unit, between each unit, uses fence off.
In duck shed, the reinforcing bar fence 6 of using on drinking-water road 3 supports, and on fence, covers with plastic wire 5; Automatic drinking bowl 7 is hung in drinking-water top, road (Fig. 2).The object of design is to allow the water of drinking bowl fall into drinking-water road and can not flow into fermentation bed like this.
(2) fermentation bed is made: the bedding and padding (7 tons of wood chips and 7 tons of rice husks) that fresh nothing is gone mouldy are transported to duck shed, (zero pollutes I number to add 30kg pad material fermentation microbial inoculum, start sunlight environmental protection development in science and technology Co., Ltd) and 140kg corn flour, limit adds waterside and stirs, and makes moisture content reach 45%-50%.Then the bedding and padding that mix are laid in groove, form the high fermentation bed of 40cm.After fermentation bed completes, enter hurdle Beijing duck (30-33 age in days), carry out in the usual way forced-feeding.
(3) fermentation bed is safeguarded: force-feed a duck behind hurdle, with creeper or Rotary tillage rake, bedding and padding were turned over to rake one time every 2-3 days, be convenient to abundant fermentation.Keep bedding and padding moisture content at 45%-50%.Survey moisture content every day, when moisture content is higher than 50% time, can add forced ventilation wet down, or bedding and padding high moisture content and the low bedding and padding of moisture content are exchanged.
In fermentation bed running, interior (20cm place) variations in temperature of bed body is as shown in table 1,2.
(20cm under bed surface) variations in temperature in bed body in table 1 fermentation bed in winter running
| Running time (my god) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Temperature in house (DEG C) | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 10 | 8 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 12 |
| Temperature in bed body (DEG C) | 39 | 43 | 48 | 51 | 45 | 48 | 47 | 52 | 50 | 47 |
(20cm under bed surface) variations in temperature in bed body in table 2 fermentation bed in summer running
| Running time (my god) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| Temperature in house (DEG C) | 25 | 26 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 27 | 27 | 26 | 30 | 29 |
| Temperature in bed body (DEG C) | 42 | 48 | 48 | 51 | 55 | 50 | 48 | 51 | 50 | 53 |
(4) pad material fermentation: deliver for sale after 3 batches of Peking Stuffed Ducks, bedding and padding are dug, bedding and padding are carried out to heap fermentation.Bedding and padding are piled into trapezoidal buttress shape, high 1-1.5m, the wide 1.5-2m in bottom, the wide 0.9-1.1m in top, length is not limit.Within every 2 days, turn bedding and padding (piling up again after turning).After more than temperature rise to 55 DEG C, maintain stacking states 3-5 days.
After having fermented, the bedding and padding after fermentation are laid in underground tank, cultivate continuously as stated above 4 batches of force-fed ducks, every crowd of 700-900 only.By as shown in table 3 the comparing result of the Peking Stuffed Duck of fermentation bed cultivation and this interior conventional cultivation.
The contrast of table 3 fermentation bed cultivation Peking Stuffed Duck and conventional cultivation mode
| Breeding way | Feedstuff-meat ratio | Daily gain (kg) | Survival rate (%) |
| Fermentation bed cultivation | 3.145 | 0.069 | 98.95 |
| Conventional cultivation | 3.260 | 0.062 | 98.84 |
From the results shown in Table 3, adopt method cultivation Peking Stuffed Duck of the present invention, feedstuff-meat ratio, daily gain and lethality and conventional cultivation are suitable, and have solved the dirty difficult problem of processing of excrement.Conventional cultivation needs labor cleaning's excrement dirt every day, and fermentation bed cultivation only needs manually to turn for every 2-3 days bedding and padding, can save human cost more than 1/3rd.
(5) bedding and padding processing: fermenting bed padding is reusable, after every batch of force-fed duck is delivered for sale, supplements fresh bedding and padding, makes fermentation bed height keep 40cm.
Bedding and padding are changed after step (3) to (5) is used 1.5-2, and fresh bedding and padding are processed and carried out fermentation bed cultivation by step (2) to (5).
The useless bedding and padding of fermentation bed can be used as fertilizer, and from results of elemental analyses, it meets the requirement of fertilizer standard to content of beary metal.In the fermentation bed cultivation process of 20 months, in bedding and padding, the content of heavy metal is as shown in table 4.Institute is NY525-2011 with reference to organic manure standard.
The accumulation of heavy metal in table 4 bedding and padding
| Running time (moon) | 3 | 7 | 11 | 14 | 18 | 20 | Fertilizer standard |
| Arsenic (mg/kg) | 0.4 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 3.8 | ≤15 |
| Plumbous (mg/kg) | 1.9 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 6.8 | 8.7 | 9.2 | ≤50 |
| Chromium (mg/kg) | 2.2 | 4.3 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 8.6 | 9.7 | ≤150 |
| Cadmium (mg/kg) | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 1.09 | 1.23 | ≤3 |
| Mercury (mg/kg) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | ≤2 |
| Copper (mg/kg) | 16 | 18.7 | 23.6 | 40.3 | 45.5 | 60.4 | ≤100 |
| Zinc (mg/kg) | 38.5 | 84.9 | 102 | 124 | 139 | 176 | ≤400 |
Above embodiment is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not departing from the present invention; various modification and improvement that the common engineers and technicians in this area make technical scheme of the present invention, all should fall in the definite protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a method for fermentation bed cultivation Peking Stuffed Duck, is characterized in that, comprises step:
(1) duck shed design: duck shed span is 10-15m, and front-back wall has window on 400-500mm height; Ceiling is established 1 ventilating opening every 2-3m; In house, stay the walkway of 1-1.5m along rear wall, front wall inner side reserves the wide drinking-water road of 1.5m-2m, in the middle of house is interior, does fermentation bed, and fermentation bed adopts underground type, in duck shed, digs the underground tank that the degree of depth is 30-40cm, adds bedding and padding in groove; Fermentation bed is divided into some unit, uses fence off between each unit;
(2) fermentation bed is made: the wood chip going mouldy by fresh nothing and rice husk mix in the ratio of 1:1, add pad material fermentation microbial inoculum and the corn flour or the rice bran that account for wood chip and rice husk gross mass 0.5%-1%, add water and stir, control moisture content at 45%-50%, obtain bedding and padding; Bedding and padding are laid in duck shed fermentation tank, are highly 30-40cm, form fermentation bed, and in fermentation bed, the stocking density of Peking Stuffed Duck is 2-3/square metre, fill out and feed;
(3) fermentation bed is safeguarded: force-feed a duck behind hurdle, with creeper or Rotary tillage rake, bedding and padding were turned over to rake one time every 2-3 days, keep bedding and padding moisture content at 45%-50%;
(4) pad material fermentation: deliver 3-4 for sale and criticize after force-fed duck, by bedding and padding heap fermentation, after fermentation, bedding and padding are spread out and are laid in duck shed underground tank and continue as fermentation bed, in fermentation bed, the stocking density of Peking Stuffed Duck is 2-3/square metre;
(5) bedding and padding processing: fermenting bed padding is reusable, after every batch of force-fed duck is delivered for sale, supplements fresh bedding and padding, makes fermentation bed height keep 30-40cm.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, on described drinking-water road, supports with reinforcing bar fence, on fence, covers with plastic wire; Automatic drinking bowl is hung in top, drinking-water road.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the pad material fermentation microbial inoculum adding accounts for wood chip and rice husk gross mass 0.2%-0.4%.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (2), entering hurdle Beijing duck is 30-33 age in days.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (3), when moisture content is higher than 50% time, adds forced ventilation wet down, or bedding and padding high moisture content and the low bedding and padding of moisture content are exchanged.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, heap fermentation in described step (4) is that bedding and padding are piled into trapezoidal buttress shape, high 1-1.5m, and the wide 1.5-2m in bottom, the wide 0.9-1.1m in top, turns one time bedding and padding for every 2 days; After more than temperature rise to 55 DEG C, maintain 3-5 days.
7. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, described bedding and padding are changed after step (3) to (5) is used 1.5-2, and fresh bedding and padding are processed and carried out fermentation bed cultivation by step (2) to (5).
8. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, after discarded pad material fermentation as fertilizer.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107278962A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-10-24 | 北京金星鸭业有限公司 | The ground half-fermented force-fed duck culturing bed of one kind half and force-fed duck cultural method |
| CN107810911A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-03-20 | 北京农业生物技术研究中心 | A kind of method for cultivating Beijing duck |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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