CN104021595A - DSRC protocol based ETC rod side unit (RSU) and concurrent transaction method - Google Patents
DSRC protocol based ETC rod side unit (RSU) and concurrent transaction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of an intelligent traffic system, and specifically relates to a DSRC protocol based ETC rod side unit (RSU) and a concurrent transaction method. The method comprises: an RSU periodically broadcasting beacon service table (BST) signals, and simultaneously receiving uplink data frames returned by a plurality of on-board units (OBUs) in a detection area; the RSU, according to the uplink data frames, generating a plurality of downlink data frames which continues communicating with the corresponding OBUs; the RSU, according to such factors as the lengths, the priorities and interframe protection time slots and the like of the data frames which continues communication, generating a downlink data frame queue for the plurality of OBUs,; and sending the downlink data frame queue to the plurality of OBUs. According to the invention, the receiving module and the emission module of the RSU respectively work independently, the receiving module continuously receives uplink signals, and the emission module adaptively densely emits the downlink data frame queue in a time division mode, such that the communication efficiency can be improved, concurrent transaction between the RSU and the multiple OBUs is realized, and vehicles can pass an ETC charging station in a multilane free flow mode.
Description
Technical field
(Intelligent Transport System is called for short: ITS) field, particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of ETC roadside unit and concurrent transaction method based on DSRC agreement to the present invention relates to intelligent transportation system.
Background technology
Electric non-stop toll (Electronic Toll Collection is called for short ETC) system can be used for the application such as highway and urban road charge, parking fee collective system.Existing ETC system is all the closed system with track railing; relatively traditional manual toll collection; can improve lane capacity; reduce and pay dues service time; reach the effect of energy-saving and emission-reduction, but this pattern exist toll station civil engineering costs high, be subject to toll island to affect that passage rate is relatively low, transaction is abnormal or illegal vehicle needs the deficiencies such as on-the-spot artificial treatment.In order to adapt to highway and urban road barrier free accessibility and charge, a kind of technology that is called as the electronic charging of multilane Free-flow is suggested.
The electronic charging of multilane Free-flow refers at toll station there is no track isolation facility, toll facility is erected on the door frame of top, track or trackside, the vehicle carried electronic label of installing with the vehicle that misses the stop completes charge transaction by the mode of radio communication, and vehicle can be according to the normal speed of a motor vehicle, (comprise by track, He Bian track, standdle carrier road) and pass through toll station in any way.
Existing highway ETC electronic tag (OBU), under multilane Free-flow applied environment, mainly faces following challenge:
First, existing Dedicated Short Range Communications, (DSRC) the standard concurrent communication mechanism of supported protocol aspect not.GB/T20851-2007 series ETC national Specification be time-division (TDMA) communication protocol, do not support a roadside unit (RSU) to communicate by letter with a plurality of OBU simultaneously.Existing ETC transaction typical process schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, rectangular of the time shaft top downgoing signal sending for RSU, the upward signal that rectangular of the shade of time shaft below is launched for OBU.In the situation that not having vehicle to sail into, RSU take the fixed cycle (in Fig. 1, being 40ms) issue BST wake-up signal.When vehicle sails RSU communication zone into, vehicle-mounted OBU receives BST, returns to VST and enters ETC transaction.Communication transaction is half-duplex mode, and uplink and downlink link exists switching time, and RSU can not receive upward signal in transmitting simultaneously.Because DSRC signal is ASK or FSK modulation system, if RSU receives the uplink data frames that arrives or overlap simultaneously, also cannot resolve respectively.
Secondly, in existing ETC process of exchange, when RSU does not receive OBU response data, the cycle of the continuous business instruction that RSU retransmits is grown (exemplary value is 10ms), because OBU does not have clear and definite agreement regulation to the response time of RSU instruction, have certain randomness, the up-downgoing Frame time interval fails fully to optimize.When existing OBU charges for multilane Free-flow, may affect because exchange hour is long communication reliability.
Summary of the invention
In order solving in prior art, in ETC system, can not to realize the simultaneously treated problem for many OBU, a kind of ETC system roadside unit (RSU) and concurrent transaction method thereof based on DSRC agreement to be provided.
A kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprises,
Roadside unit RSU periodically broadcasts BST signal, and receives the uplink data frames that in surveyed area, a plurality of OBU return;
According to described uplink data frames, generate a plurality of downlink data frames of communicating by letter with OBU continuation;
According to the length of the Frame of described continuation communication, priority, interframe protection time slot, generate the downlink data frame queue for a plurality of OBU;
To described a plurality of OBU, send described downlink data frame queue.
A further aspect as a kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce described in the embodiment of the present invention, root generates according to described uplink data frames the downlink data frame that continues to communicate by letter with a plurality of OBU and further comprises, if RSU does not receive the uplink data frames that OBU returns in the given time, generate immediately the repeating transmission downlink data frame that is directed to this OBU.
Another further aspect as a kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement described in the embodiment of the present invention, the radio frequency reception of RSU and radiofrequency emitting module mask work, all upward signals in the continuous received communication of receiver module region, transmitter module is according to the result time-division transmitting BST signal of time control module and the downlink data frame of communicating by letter from different OBU continuation.
Another further aspect as a kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement described in the embodiment of the present invention; the time of the uplink data frames that time control module is returned according to OBU; and the length of the described continuation communication downlink data frame generating, interframe protection time slot, determine the delivery time of each downlink data frame in described downlink data frame queue.
Another further aspect as a kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement described in the embodiment of the present invention, the application scenarios of a plurality of RSU is installed side by side for the charge section of multilane, when sending communication zone between adjacent two RSU of described downlink data frame queue and having lap, the descending continuous business Frame that adjacent R SU sends adopts time division way to distribute by control module constantly.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement, comprises,
Radiofrequency emitting module, for periodically broadcasting BST signal;
Receiver Module, the uplink data frames of returning for receiving a plurality of OBU of surveyed area;
Data processing module, continues the downlink data frame of communicating by letter for generate a plurality of OBU according to described uplink data frames;
Time control module, for according to the length of the Frame of described continuation communication, priority, interframe protection time slot, generates the downlink data frame queue for a plurality of OBU, and the delivery time of each downlink data frame in definite queue;
Described radiofrequency emitting module sends described downlink data frame queue to described a plurality of OBU.
A further aspect as a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement described in the embodiment of the present invention, if described data processing module judgement RSU does not receive the uplink data frames that OBU returns in the given time, generate immediately the repeating transmission downlink data frame that is directed to this OBU.
Another further aspect as a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement described in the embodiment of the present invention, the radio frequency reception of described RSU and radiofrequency emitting module mask work, all upward signals in the continuous received communication of receiver module region, transmitter module is according to the result time-division transmitting BST signal of time control module and the downlink data frame of communicating by letter from different OBU continuation.
Another further aspect as a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement described in the embodiment of the present invention; the time of the uplink data frames that described time control module is returned according to OBU; and the length of the described continuation communication downlink data frame generating, interframe protection time slot, determine the delivery time of each downlink data frame in described downlink data frame queue.
Another further aspect as a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement described in the embodiment of the present invention, also comprise a control module, the application scenarios of a plurality of RSU is installed side by side for the charge section of multilane, when sending communication zone between adjacent two RSU of described downlink data frame queue and having lap, the descending continuous business Frame that adjacent R SU sends adopts time division way to distribute by control module constantly.
By the method in above-described embodiment and roadside unit, utilize antenna beam forming technique to realize the uplink data frames that simultaneously receives a plurality of OBU, and by the sequential control of downlink data frame and arrangement having been realized to the concurrent communication of RSU and a plurality of OBU, can improve communication efficiency, realize the concurrent transaction of RSU and a plurality of OBU, make vehicle to pass through ETC toll station in multilane Free-flow mode.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention, below the accompanying drawing of required use during embodiment is described is briefly described, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.In the accompanying drawings:
Existing ETC system transaction typical process schematic diagram shown in Fig. 1;
Figure 2 shows that the process flow diagram of a kind of ETC system concurrency of embodiment of the present invention method of commerce;
Figure 3 shows that the basic block diagram of a kind of ETC system of embodiment of the present invention roadside unit;
Figure 4 shows that the application scenarios figure of the embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 5 shows that the system construction drawing of a kind of ETC system of embodiment of the present invention roadside unit;
Frame schematic diagram while Figure 6 shows that the roadside unit of the embodiment of the present invention and the transaction of electronic tag;
Figure 7 shows that the roadside unit of the embodiment of the present invention and the Frame schematic diagram that a plurality of electronic tag carries out concurrent transaction;
Figure 8 shows that the multilane of the embodiment of the present invention installs the application scenarios figure of a plurality of roadside units side by side.
Embodiment
For making object, technical scheme and the advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is described in further details.At this, schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
ETC transaction is by ETC roadside unit (Road Side Unit, be called for short RSU) and vehicle carried electronic label (or board units, On-Board Unit, being called for short OBU) mode by radio communication realizes, communication protocol adopts Dedicated Short Range Communications, (Dedicated Short Range Communication, be called for short DSRC) agreement, its processing procedure is: the descending BST of roadside unit periodic transmission (Beacon Service Table, beacon service table) signal, when the vehicle that vehicle carried electronic label is installed sails ETC area of charge into, receive BST signal, return to VST (Vehicle Service Table, vehicle service table) signal.MAC (Media Access Control, media interviews are controlled) address and other information of in VST signal, including vehicle carried electronic label, wherein the MAC Address of vehicle carried electronic label is its main identification code of communicating by letter with RSU.Roadside unit is received after up DSRC Frame, with its MAC Address, is distinguished different vehicle carried electronic labels; Roadside unit is issued the downlink data frame of different vehicle carried electronic labels, the proprietary link identification that the MAC Address of target vehicle carried electronic label of all take is downlink data frame.Vehicle carried electronic label receives only the downlink data frame that proprietary link identification is identical with the MAC Address of oneself.As shown in Figure 1, existing ETC transaction typical process is: after roadside unit is received VST signal, first be encrypted authentication (GetSecure.rq Frame) with vehicle carried electronic label, the object of authentication is to distinguish whether vehicle has installed the vehicle carried electronic label of legal registration, OBU return authentication information (GetSecure.rs Frame), authentication is carried out several interactive communication (in Fig. 1 be 3 times mutual) by rear roadside unit and electronic tag again and is carried out ETC charge, and last roadside unit issues EVENT.report and finishes this transaction.After ETC closing the transaction, roadside unit continues the periodic descending BST signal of transmitting, waits for sailing into of follow-up vehicle.
Roadside unit of the present invention is by phased array/multiple-beam antenna technology, the continuous reception of realization to the whole communication zone of upward signal, and adopt the mode of the intensive transmission downgoing signal of time-division self-adaptation, concurrent transaction when realizing with a plurality of OBU, makes existing electronic tag support multilane Free-flow toll collection applications.
Be illustrated in figure 2 the process flow diagram of a kind of electric non-stop toll communication means of the embodiment of the present invention.
Comprise step 201, RSU periodically broadcasts BST signal, and receives the uplink data frames that in surveyed area, a plurality of OBU return.
Step 202, generates according to described uplink data frames the downlink data frame that a plurality of OBU continue communication.
Step 203, according to the length of the Frame of described continuation communication, priority, interframe protection time slot, generates the downlink data frame queue for a plurality of OBU.
Step 204, sends described downlink data frame queue to described a plurality of OBU.
The module that transmits and receives of RSU of the present invention is separated, and the two works alone respectively.Receiver module continuously receives upward signal, can receive the uplink information that the OBU of optional position returns at any time in RSU communication zone, offers data processing module.
RSU of the present invention receives the technical scheme that uplink data frames that a plurality of OBU return can utilize phased array antenna to distinguish signal and realizes, this technical scheme for example can be with reference to the patent of invention of Chinese patent publication No. CN103268640, denomination of invention is " multilane Free-flow E-payment system and method based on multiple-beam antenna ", multiple-beam antenna wherein may be received in the upward signal of zones of different OBU and is distinguished, and the technology contents that utilizes antenna to distinguish upward signal to this part in embodiments of the present invention repeats no more.The radio frequency part of roadside unit adopts phased array or multi-beam DBF (Digital Beam Forming, digital beam-forming) technology, the amplitude that transmits and the phase place of the aerial array by control antenna emitter panel, carry out signal weighting and beam forming, maximum for the signal transmitting and receiving signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of specific region.
Among step 202, further comprise, if RSU does not receive the uplink data frames that OBU returns in setting-up time, generate immediately the repeating transmission downlink data frame that is directed to this OBU.In the present invention, the downlink data frame retransmission time upper limit of continuous business can be set as 30ms.
In step 203, further comprise, the length of described Frame of communicating by letter according to continuation, priority, interframe protection time slot, carry out priority arrangement to the downlink data frame of described a plurality of continuation communications, forms described downlink data frame queue.
Above-mentioned generation comprises for the downlink data frame queue of a plurality of OBU; the needed time while determining this data frame transfer according to the Frame length of described continuation communication; utilize T.T. this time and described protection time slot and this Frame of conduct transmission, a plurality of downlink data frames are lined up and formed described downlink data frame queue.
The downlink data frame that RSU issues has three kinds: a kind of is newly-generated continuous business downlink data frame; The second is the continuous business downlink data frame of having issued certain OBU, but in setting-up time, does not receive the up responsive data frame that this OBU returns, and now RSU need to repeat to send this continuous business downlink data frame to this OBU; The third is BST signal, BST signal is RSU periodic transmission before confiscating up response signal, for multilane Free-flow system, RSU can communicate by letter with a plurality of OBU simultaneously, therefore, when RSU and one or more OBU conclude the business, also should continue to issue BST signal to the new vehicle that sails into.
The time control module of RSU is carried out transmitting time sequence and calculating to sent downlink data frame.Ordering rule is:, for non-produced simultaneously downlink data frame, arrange according to the time sequencing of its generation (1), follows and arrive first the principle of first sending out; (2) when time control module is received a plurality of downlink data frame simultaneously, according to its priority, carry out shooting sequence arrangement, wherein, newly-generated continuous business downlink data frame rank is the highest, next is the continuous business downlink data frame of repetition, and the rank of BST is minimum.
The x time that the time control module of RSU is carried out the Frame queue of described continuation communication simultaneously calculates.The present invention adopts time division way by the intensive target OBU that sends to of downlink frame.In existing DSRC agreement, in the middle of up-downgoing Frame, there are enough pot life resources.Time control module is supported the downlink data frame in queue to be sent time-division shortest time according to technical standard order and equipment sends, shorten as much as possible transmitting time delay and retransmission interval, to make full use of channel time resource, realize the concurrent communication of RSU and a plurality of OBU.
The length of continuous business downlink data frame adds that protection time slot is its time resource taking.The present invention relates to two protection time slots: the shortest interval time of descending chain circuit frame and rear adjacent descending chain circuit frame; and the shortest interval time of uplink frame and rear adjacent descending chain circuit frame; the former is the shortest protection time slot of downlink data frame re-transmission, and the latter is the shortest time that receives uplink data frames RSU transmitting afterwards continuous business downlink data frame.
Existing RSU enters after trade mode, and while not receiving the response signal of OBU in 10ms, the downlink data frame that meeting repeat its transmission has just been sent, until OBU returns to uplink frame or overtime.Under this communication mode, the cycle of the repeating transmission downstream transaction Frame of RSU is fixed as 10ms, and between RSU and OBU, communication efficiency is not high, is not suitable for vehicle high-speed by the scene of toll station.
The module that transmits and receives of RSU of the present invention is separated, and the two works alone respectively.Receiver module continuously receives upward signal, can receive the uplink information that the OBU of optional position returns at any time in RSU communication zone, offers data processing module.Transmitter module mainly adopts time division way, will be handed down to the intensive transmission of downlink data frame of a plurality of OBU, this intensive send mode is: after RSU receiver module is received the upward signal that OBU returns, corresponding descending continuous business instruction is resolved and generated to data processing module immediately, time control module is according to the time with protection time slot by the Frame length sending, calculate the retransmission interval of downlink data frame, for example, when downlink data frame length is 1ms, the protection of up-downgoing Frame is spaced apart 0.2ms left and right, the retransmission interval of downlink data frame can boil down to 1.2ms, 10ms more originally shortens greatly, make OBU within the shortest time, again receive downlink data frame, guarantee the reliability of its acceptance.Because the transmit frequency band of OBU and RSU is different, and RSU transmit and receive module separation, therefore method of the present invention can compatible existing OBU, improves communication efficiency.
When RSU receives the return signal of a plurality of OBU, according to the time of return of different uplink data frames, organize downlink data frame queue.In this case, RSU is transmitted to the moment of the uplink data frames that the descending continuous business signal of different OBU returns according to it and sequentially arranges, if receive the return signal again of certain OBU, generates new descending continuous business Frame.In the time of RSU transmitting downlink data frame queue, also need to insert periodic BST signal and wake the OBU that newly enters communication zone up.The priority of BST is lower than the downlink data frame of continuous business, and it inserts constantly according to selecting the launch time of continuous business downlink data frame queue.If constantly there is no the downlink data frame of continuous business in the cycle of 20ms, insert BST; If being carved with other downlink data frame when the cycle of 20ms does not finish, BST is sending thereafter immediately, order sends remaining downlink data frame queue more afterwards, in this case, there is certain time delay fluctuation in the transmitting cycle of BST, because general downlink data frame length is 2ms left and right or less, this time delay fluctuation does not affect system communication stability.
The method of the embodiment of the present invention further comprises, when multilane toll road section is installed a plurality of RSU side by side, when the communication zone between any two adjacent R SU has lap, the descending continuous business Frame that adjacent R SU sends adopts time division way to distribute by control module constantly, avoids two RSU to send downlink data simultaneously and causes OBU correctly to receive.
According to the method in above-described embodiment, utilize antenna beam forming technique to realize the uplink data frames that simultaneously receives a plurality of OBU, and by the sequential control of downlink data frame and arrangement have been realized to descending concurrent communication, make that vehicle is more reliable and safe during by ETC toll station in multilane Free-flow mode completes charge transaction.
Be illustrated in figure 3 the basic structure schematic diagram of a kind of electric non-stop toll roadside unit of the embodiment of the present invention.
Comprise radiofrequency emitting module 301, for periodically broadcasting BST signal.
Receiver Module 302, for receiving continuously the uplink data frames that a plurality of OBU of surveyed area return.
Data processing module 303, continues the Frame of communicating by letter for generate a plurality of OBU according to described uplink data frames.
Time control module 304, for according to the length of the Frame of described continuation communication, priority, interframe protection time slot, generates the downlink data frame queue for a plurality of OBU.
Described radiofrequency emitting module 301 sends described downlink data frame queue to described a plurality of OBU.
In the present invention, radio frequency reception is separated with radio-frequency transmissions, object is that receiver module can receive all upgoing O BU signals in RSU communication zone continuously, the uplink data frames that a plurality of OBU of Receiver Module 302 reception return can utilize the technical scheme of phased array antenna positioned vehicle to realize, this technical scheme for example can be with reference to the patent of invention of Chinese patent publication No. CN103268640, denomination of invention is " multilane Free-flow E-payment system and method based on multiple-beam antenna ", multiple-beam antenna wherein may be received in the upward signal of zones of different OBU and is distinguished, to this part, utilize the technology contents of antenna location to repeat no more in embodiments of the present invention.
The upstream data that described data processing module 303 returns according to a plurality of OBU, generates the corresponding downlink command data that continue communication.
The time of the uplink data frames that described time control module 304 is returned according to OBU, and the length of the described continuation communication downlink data frame generating, priority, interframe protection time slot, determine the delivery time of each downlink data frame in described downlink data frame queue.
Also comprise control module 305, the road toll section that is applicable to multilane is provided with the application scenarios of 2 above RSU side by side, now the communication zone between two RSU of arbitrary neighborhood has the overlapping of a part, described control module 305 adopts time division way to divide the downlink data frame of orientation overlapping region transmitting, to guarantee that OBU is when the overlapping region, synchronization is only received the signal of one of them RSU, avoids the signal between adjacent R SU to disturb.For not at the OBU of overlapping communication zone, described two RSU are independent transmission downlink data separately in the manner described above.
According to the roadside unit in above-described embodiment, utilize phased array/multibeam technique to realize and receive a plurality of OBU uplink data frames simultaneously, and by the sequential control of downlink data frame having been realized to the concurrent transaction of RSU and a plurality of OBU, make vehicle to pass through ETC toll station in multilane Free-flow mode.
embodiment
Be illustrated in figure 4 the application scenarios figure of the embodiment of the present invention, unidirectional three tracks as shown in Figure 4, if wall scroll lane width is 3.5 meters, three multiple-beam antennas (RSU) are erected at the position of portal frame track, top, track center line, be highly 5.5～6 meters, the aerial radiation scope longitudinal length of single RSU is 0～10 meter, and transverse width is 4 meters, for guaranteeing the covering of road toll section, there is certain overlay region in the communication zone of adjacent two RSU.In Fig. 4, each communicates by letter RSU1 and RSU2 with a vehicle-mounted OBU, and RSU3 communicates by letter with three OBU simultaneously.
As shown in Figure 4, while not having vehicle to sail into, the radiofrequency emitting module of each RSU be take 20ms as the cycle, towards whole communication zone transmitting BST wake-up signal.The Receiver Module of all RSU, in full-time accepting state, adopts multibeam technique to receive respectively the upward signal from different vehicle carried electronic labels.
When Receiver Module receives after the VST upward signal of certain OBU, the signal according to resolving the upward traveling wave of corresponding OBU, completes subsequent transaction, has following situation:
(1) while only having an OBU in communication zone, data processing module generates follow-up descending DSRC Frame after completing and receiving, and after upstream data frame end, 0.2ms starts to send continuous business downlink data frame.If do not receive the return message of OBU in setting-up time 30ms, the downlink data frame length of take adds that interframe protection slot time continues to issue the descending continuous business Frame having sent as retransmission interval, until OBU returns to follow-up transaction data frame.For example, current descending continuous business Frame length is 1.2ms, and interframe protection time slot is 0.2ms, and the retransmission interval of the descending continuous business Frame of RSU is 1.4ms.When the receiver module of RSU receives the up responsive data frame that OBU returns, data processing module generates new descending continuous business Frame.If RSU retransmission time has surpassed setting-up time 30ms, also do not receive upward signal, stop this transaction.
(2) while having a plurality of OBU to return to uplink data frames in communication zone, data processing module generates respectively corresponding downlink data frame to be sent, and time control module is arranged all downlink data frames that will send, and queueing discipline as previously mentioned.The downlink data frame of issuing different OBU adopts time division way to launch towards whole communication zone, and each OBU receives only the downlink data frame identical with the MAC Address of oneself, does not disturb each other.
If the downlink data frame of certain or a plurality of continuous business is sent, also do not receive corresponding up response signal, rejoined in the downlink data frame queue that will send, repeat to send to target OBU.BST signal, according to the transmitting time of the downlink data frame queue of continuous business, sends once every 20ms cycle plug hole.When next 20ms is during without downlink data frame, send BST signal, if next 20ms has the downlink data frame not sending just, thereafter, send BST signal.
The continuous full-time reception mechanism of above-mentioned RSU has guaranteed that RSU, to not needing switching time between the reception of upstream data and transmitting, has shortened device processes and call duration time.Secondly, communicating by letter between RSU and each OBU, the empty mode of dividing of up employing, descending employing time division way has been avoided signal interference.The 3rd, RSU adopts the mode of the intensive transmission of downlink data, the retransmission interval of having shortened downlink data frame, guarantee many cars by time trading efficiency.
Be illustrated in figure 5 the concrete structure figure of a kind of electric non-stop toll roadside unit of the embodiment of the present invention.Comprise in the figure Receiver Module 501, radiofrequency emitting module 502, time control module 503, data processing module 504, security module (SAM) 505, with the interface 506 of control module, power supply 507, control module 508.
Described radiofrequency emitting module 502 is the OBU transmitting BST signal to surveyed area according to DSRC agreement, Receiver Module 501 receives the uplink data frames that described a plurality of OBU return, by data processing module 504, generate downlink data frame corresponding to each OBU, time control module 503 is arranged in downlink data frame queue by downlink data frame, and calculate the x time of each downlink data frame in queue, described radiofrequency emitting module 502 is launched the downlink data frame in described downlink data frame queue by DSRC interface to a plurality of OBU in surveyed area, different OBU receives own corresponding downlink data frame.Wherein, security module 505 is for realizing the safety certification to OBU validity, power supply 507 is powered for each functional module to RSU, when control module 508 is installed side by side for a plurality of RSU, the downgoing signal of the overlapping communication zone of adjacent R SU is carried out to time-division scheduling.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 have provided key component of the present invention: the sequential chart of the intensive transmitting downlink data frame of RSU time-division self-adaptation.According to typical application scenarios, be specifically described below.
Scene 1: when RSU only concludes the business with an OBU, a kind of typical transaction Frame logical order of the present invention as shown in Figure 6.In Fig. 6, the retransmission interval of BST is 20ms, and after OBU returns to VST, RSU will issue 5 descending continuous business Frames and complete transaction, and as DL1～DL5 in Fig. 6 represents, OBU returns to respectively 5 corresponding uplink data frames, as VST in Fig. 6 and UL1～UL4 represent.Detailed process is: when RSU receives VST, data processing module generates DL1, and determines repetition cycle according to its Frame length and protection slot time, and in the present embodiment, the Frame length of DL1 is 1.8ms, interframe protection is spaced apart 0.2ms, and the repetition cycle of DL1 is 2ms; After receiving the UL1 that OBU returns, RSU organizes DL2, and in the present embodiment, DL2 frame length is 1.8ms, and interframe protection is spaced apart 0.2ms, and the repetition cycle of DL2 is 2ms; In Fig. 6, DL3 frame has sent an OBU and has returned to UL3 frame, does not need again to retransmit; DL4 frame length is 1.3ms, and interframe protection is spaced apart 0.2ms, and the repetition cycle of DL4 is 1.5ms; The Frame length of DL5 is 0.8ms, and interframe protection is spaced apart 0.2ms, and the repetition cycle of DL5 is 1ms.After RSU sends DL5, this closing the transaction, RSU continues to send periodic BST signal.
As can be seen from Figure 6, the data frame re-transmission time interval of the descending continuous business of RSU of the present invention shortens to 2ms left and right from the 10ms of existing system, makes whole exchange hour be less than the exchange hour of the existed system shown in Fig. 1.
Scene 2: when RSU communicates with a plurality of OBU simultaneously, a kind of typical transaction data frame treatment scheme as shown in Figure 7.
In practical application, when Vehicle Speed is higher as surpass 80km/h, the communication zone of a RSU generally only has an OBU; Under jam situation, in 10 meters of longitudinal communication zones of long RSU, general vehicle number is no more than 3, and therefore, the present embodiment selection is 3 with the OBU number that RSU carries out concurrent communication, represents respectively with OBU1, OBU2, OBU3.
In Fig. 7, the retransmission interval of BST is 20ms, the descending continuous business Frame that RSU sends to OBU1 is respectively DL1-1～DL5-1, and the descending continuous business Frame sending to OBU2 is respectively DL1-2～DL5-2, and the descending continuous business Frame sending to OBU3 is respectively DL1-3～DL5-3.RSU is identical with single OBU with the transaction flow of each OBU, and difference is arrangement and the launch time of its downlink data frame.According to time sequencing, the ETC communication sequential in Fig. 7 is described below:
(1) at t0, before the moment, only have OBU1 to return to VST, after RSU receives, to OBU1, send DL1-1, the Frame length of DL1-1 is 1.8ms, and interframe protection is spaced apart 0.2ms, and the repetition cycle of DL1-1 is 2ms (retransmitting in this example 2 times); Now in the frame queue of the time control module of RSU, only has DL1-1;
(2) t0 is the BST cycle of 20ms constantly, inserts BST signal; OBU1 returns to UL1 constantly at t0, after RSU receives, organizes DL2-1, and in the present embodiment, DL2-1 frame length is 1.8ms, and interframe protection is spaced apart 0.2ms, and the repetition cycle of DL2-1 is 2ms (retransmitting in this example 4 times); Now in the frame queue of the time control module of RSU, only has DL2-1;
(3) at t1 constantly, OBU3 returns to VST, OBU1 returns to UL2, RSU reception & disposal also generates new continuous business downlink data frame DL3-1 and DL1-3, RSU reorganizes downlink data frame queue, now in the frame queue of the time control module of RSU, has DL3-1 and DL1-3, surpasses the repetition cycle 20ms (corresponding t2 constantly) of BST after queue is sent, therefore insert BST signal, slightly postponed the launch time of this BST than the 20ms cycle; Do not receive afterwards up response signal, RSU respectively retransmits the DL3-1 in queue and DL1-3 1 time;
(4) at t3 constantly, OBU1 returns to UL3 signal, and RSU receives and generate new continuous business downlink data frame DL4-1, and RSU reorganizes downlink data frame queue, now in the frame queue of the time control module of RSU, has DL4-1 and DL1-3; After UL3 to t4 constantly before, DL4-1 and DL1-3 respectively retransmit 1 time;
(5) at t4 constantly, OBU1 returns to UL4 signal, and RSU receives and generate new continuous business downlink data frame DL5-1, and RSU reorganizes downlink data frame queue, now in the frame queue of the time control module of RSU, has DL5-1 and DL1-3;
(6) at t5 constantly, there is not downlink data frame signal to send, and be the repeating transmission moment of BST just, first insert BST signal; Now received the UL1 signal that VST signal that OBU2 returns and OBU3 return, RSU receives and generates new continuous business downlink data frame DL1-2, DL2-3, RSU reorganizes downlink data frame queue, now in the frame queue of the time control module of RSU, has DL1-2, DL2-3;
(7) at t6 constantly, OBU3 has returned to UL2 signal, RSU receives and generates new continuous business downlink data frame DL3-3, RSU reorganizes downlink data frame queue, now in the frame queue of the time control module of RSU, there are DL3-3, DL1-2, while not receiving the response data of OBU, DL3-3 and DL1-2 interval are retransmitted;
(8) at t7 constantly, OBU2 has returned to UL1 signal, and RSU receives and generate new continuous business downlink data frame DL2-2, and RSU reorganizes downlink data frame queue, now in the frame queue of the time control module of RSU, has DL3-3, DL2-2.
T7 is after the moment, and RSU, according to above-mentioned rule, carries out sequence and the transmitting of follow-up downlink data frame queue and BST, repeats no more.
In above-mentioned communication process, at t0 constantly, the descending BST of RSU and the uplink data frames of OBU1 time overlapping on window, due to receiver module and the transmitter module mask work of RSU, and the working frequency range of OBU and RSU is different, so signal transmitting and receiving does not interfere with each other; At t1 constantly, the upward signal of OBU-1 and OBU-3 time overlapping on window, the receiver module of RSU is realized and being received for empty minute by phased array/multibeam technique.
From Fig. 7 and illustrate, the present invention can effectively solve OBU upstream data time of return in DSRC protocol level can not estimate that the existing RSU bringing does not support a plurality of OBU whiles, the same problem of concurrent transaction frequently, effective utilization of window when intensive transmission has guaranteed link.
Multilane application: Figure 8 shows that multilane installs the application scenarios of 5 RSU side by side, for reaching the seamless coverage of communication zone, guarantee in vehicle road, can also complete charge transaction during lane change, the communication zone mutual between two RSU of arbitrary neighborhood is overlapping.The Frame that each RSU sends is controlled by control module 508 is unified, and with the intensive transmission downlink data frame of mode of time-division, fundamental purpose is for fear of there are two adjacent R SU of overlapping communication zone to send the problem that downlink data causes OBU correctly to receive simultaneously.For the adjacent R SU that has overlapping communication zone, need the downlink data frame queue to be sent of two RSU be carried out to intensive transmission of time-division by control module.
At this, five RSU are divided into two groups, RSU-1, RSU-3, RSU-5 are first group, RSU-2, RSU-4 are second group.When not having vehicle to enter, one, two liang of group antenna alternate emission BST, window non-overlapping copies during transmitting, in group, RSU transmitting BST is constantly identical.For example, when the BST transmitting cycle is 20ms, second group of RSU transmitting BST signal after first group of RSU transmitting 10ms.
Receive the returning after upward signal of OBU, by control module 508 according to phased array/multiple-beam antenna the locating information to OBU, specify the RSU of correspondence position to this OBU transmitting downlink data frame.The Frame that each RSU sends is controlled by the unification of RSU controller, with the intensive transmission downlink data frame of mode of time-division.If:
(1) in downlink data frame queue to be sent, one or more RSU of appointment is non-conterminous, and each RSU independently sends the downlink data frame queue of control module appointment, and sending method is identical with intensive sending method of above-mentioned time-division.
(2) in downlink data frame queue to be sent, there is overlapping communication zone in 2 of appointment or above RSU, exist the downlink data frame queue of the adjacent R SU of overlapping communication zone to be merged together, carry out intensive transmission of time-division, sending method is identical with intensive sending method of above-mentioned time-division.
Those skilled in the art should understand, embodiments of the invention can be provided as method, system or computer program.Therefore, the present invention can adopt complete hardware implementation example, implement software example or in conjunction with the form of the embodiment of software and hardware aspect completely.And the present invention can adopt the form that wherein includes the upper computer program of implementing of computer-usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk memory, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) of computer usable program code one or more.
The present invention is with reference to describing according to process flow diagram and/or the block scheme of the method for the embodiment of the present invention, equipment (system) and computer program.Should understand can be in computer program instructions realization flow figure and/or block scheme each flow process and/or the flow process in square frame and process flow diagram and/or block scheme and/or the combination of square frame.Can provide these computer program instructions to the processor of multi-purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, the instruction of carrying out by the processor of computing machine or other programmable data processing device is produced for realizing the device in the function of flow process of process flow diagram or a plurality of flow process and/or square frame of block scheme or a plurality of square frame appointments.
These computer program instructions also can be stored in energy vectoring computer or the computer-readable memory of other programmable data processing device with ad hoc fashion work, the instruction that makes to be stored in this computer-readable memory produces the manufacture that comprises command device, and this command device is realized the function of appointment in flow process of process flow diagram or a plurality of flow process and/or square frame of block scheme or a plurality of square frame.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded in computing machine or other programmable data processing device, make to carry out sequence of operations step to produce computer implemented processing on computing machine or other programmable devices, thereby the instruction of carrying out is provided for realizing the step of the function of appointment in flow process of process flow diagram or a plurality of flow process and/or square frame of block scheme or a plurality of square frame on computing machine or other programmable devices.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; the protection domain being not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement, is characterized in that comprising,
Roadside unit RSU periodically broadcasts BST signal, and receives the uplink data frames that in surveyed area, a plurality of OBU return;
According to described uplink data frames, generate a plurality of downlink data frames of communicating by letter with OBU continuation;
According to the length of the Frame of described continuation communication, priority, interframe protection time slot, generate the downlink data frame queue for a plurality of OBU;
To described a plurality of OBU, send described downlink data frame queue.
2. a kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, according to described uplink data frames, generating the downlink data frame that continues to communicate by letter with a plurality of OBU further comprises, if RSU does not receive the uplink data frames that OBU returns in the given time, generate immediately the repeating transmission downlink data frame that is directed to this OBU.
3. a kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the radio frequency reception of RSU and radiofrequency emitting module mask work, all upward signals in the continuous received communication of receiver module region, transmitter module is according to the result time-division transmitting BST signal of time control module and the downlink data frame of communicating by letter from different OBU continuation.
4. a kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement according to claim 3; it is characterized in that; the time of the uplink data frames that time control module is returned according to OBU; and the length of the described continuation communication downlink data frame generating, interframe protection time slot, determine the delivery time of each downlink data frame in described downlink data frame queue.
5. a kind of ETC system concurrency method of commerce based on DSRC agreement according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the application scenarios of a plurality of RSU is installed side by side for multilane charge section, when sending communication zone between adjacent two RSU of described downlink data frame queue and having lap, the downlink data frame that adjacent R SU sends adopts time division way to distribute by control module constantly.
6. the ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement, is characterized in that comprising,
Radiofrequency emitting module, for periodically broadcasting BST signal;
Receiver Module, the uplink data frames of returning for receiving a plurality of OBU of surveyed area;
Data processing module, continues the downlink data frame of communicating by letter for generate a plurality of OBU according to described uplink data frames;
Time control module, for according to the length of the Frame of described continuation communication, priority, interframe protection time slot, generates the downlink data frame queue for a plurality of OBU, and the delivery time of each downlink data frame in definite queue;
Described radiofrequency emitting module sends described downlink data frame queue to described a plurality of OBU.
7. a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, if described data processing module judgement RSU does not receive the uplink data frames that OBU returns in the given time, generate immediately the repeating transmission downlink data frame that is directed to this OBU.
8. a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the radio frequency reception of described RSU and radiofrequency emitting module mask work, all upward signals in the continuous received communication of receiver module region, transmitter module is according to the result time-division transmitting BST signal of time control module and the downlink data frame of communicating by letter from different OBU continuation.
9. a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement according to claim 8; it is characterized in that; the time of the uplink data frames that described time control module is returned according to OBU; and the length of the described continuation communication downlink data frame generating, interframe protection time slot, determine the delivery time of each downlink data frame in described downlink data frame queue.
10. a kind of ETC system roadside unit based on DSRC agreement according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, also comprise a control module, the application scenarios of a plurality of RSU is installed side by side for multilane charge section, when sending communication zone between adjacent two RSU of described downlink data frame queue and having lap, the descending continuous business Frame that adjacent R SU sends adopts time division way to distribute by control module constantly.
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