TWI431551B - System and method for multi-lane free-flow highway electronic toll collection - Google Patents
System and method for multi-lane free-flow highway electronic toll collection Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明係有關於一種用於高速公路的電子收費方法以及系統，且特別是有關於用於高速公路多車道自由流(Multi-lane free-flow)的電子收費方法以及系統。The present invention relates to an electronic charging method and system for a highway, and more particularly to an electronic charging method and system for highway multi-lane free-flow.
智慧型運輸系統(Intelligent Transportation System,ITS)是運用電子、資訊、通訊與控制等科技，以最少資源發揮最大效用的運輸系統。高速公路電子收費(Electronic Toll Collection,ETC)是智慧型運輸系統重要的一環節，電子收費的建置無需額外的占地面積及人員，具有節省能源消耗、減少廢氣排放和對城市環境的汙染、降低車輛零件損耗、減少收費人力、降低收費管理成本等好處。The Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a transportation system that uses technology such as electronics, information, communication and control to maximize its effectiveness with the least amount of resources. The Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. The installation of electronic tolls requires no additional floor space and personnel, saving energy consumption, reducing exhaust emissions and polluting the urban environment. Reduce the loss of vehicle parts, reduce the cost of manpower, and reduce the cost of charging management.
高速公路電子收費系統主要透過通訊交易來完成扣款收費，車輛必須搭載電子收費車載單元(On Board Unit,OBU)以及無線通訊裝置，當車輛行經電子收費閘門上的路側單元(Road-Side Unit,RSU)所定義好的收費區域時，電子收費車載單元便會自動與路側單元以無線通訊的方式使用特定的通道(Channel)通報後端的扣款模組，扣款模組將根據電子收費車載單元的識別碼與使用者事先登錄的車型種類、扣款帳戶等資料，進行扣除通行費用的程序。The expressway electronic toll collection system mainly completes the charge collection through communication transactions. The vehicle must be equipped with an On Board Unit (OBU) and a wireless communication device. When the vehicle passes through the roadside unit on the electronic toll gate (Road-Side Unit, When the RSU is defined in the toll area, the electronic toll car unit will automatically communicate with the roadside unit in a wireless manner using a specific channel (Channel) to notify the back end of the deduction module. The debit module will be based on the electronic toll car unit. The identification code and the type of vehicle that the user has previously registered, the debit account and other information, the procedure for deducting the toll.
依收費模式的不同，高速公路電子收費系統可分為單車道自由流動(Single-lane Free Flow,SLFF)與多車道自由流動(Multi-lane Free Flow,MLFF)兩種架構。此兩種架構都屬於自由流動模式(Free Flow)，可讓車輛自由通過收費口不需設置柵欄迫使車輛停下來。不同點在於，多車道自由流電子收費不受閘道的限制，允許車輛任意切換車道，因此車輛可用較高的速度通過收費站，尤其是在車流密度較高的地區更為明顯，為目前各國發展電子收費系統的趨勢。然而相對於單車道自由流電子收費環境，多車道自由流電子收費系統必須在更短的時間內完成更多電子收費車載單元與路側單元之間的收費交易，因此對於系統的承載量與延遲的需求也更為嚴格，必須有穩定通訊品質才能維持高流量且可靠的收費交易。According to the different charging modes, the highway electronic toll collection system can be divided into two modes: single-lane free flow (SLFF) and multi-lane free flow (MLFF). Both architectures are Free Flow, allowing the vehicle to freely pass through the toll gate without having to set a fence to force the vehicle to stop. The difference is that the multi-lane free-flow electronic toll is not restricted by the gateway, allowing the vehicle to switch lanes arbitrarily, so the vehicle can pass through the toll station at a higher speed, especially in areas with higher traffic density. The trend of developing electronic toll collection systems. However, compared with the single-lane free-flow electronic toll collection environment, the multi-lane free-flow electronic toll collection system must complete the charging transaction between the electronic toll vehicle unit and the roadside unit in a shorter time, so the load and delay of the system Demand is also more stringent, and there must be stable communication quality to maintain high-traffic and reliable fee transactions.
可作為電子通訊的媒介有很多，主要以專用短距通訊技術(Dedicated Short Range Communication,DSRC)為主，如紅外線(Infrared)、無線射頻辨識(RFID)等。台灣目前的國道電子收費系統即是使用紅外為基礎的專用短距通訊技術，但是紅外線容易受天候影響，以及光的直向性的限制，僅適合用在單車道自由流動環境，對於紓解車流量的效果有限。此外，紅外線的技術是壟斷的，每年還必需支付給國外一筆龐大的權利金。美國的聯邦通訊委員會(FCC)為了因應車用網路環境對於高速、低延遲、且穩定的傳輸需求，特別在5.8GHz頻帶下分配75MHz的頻寬，作為車用環境無線存取(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments,WAVE)之使用，並由美國電氣與電子工程師協會(IEEE)為車用環境無線存取情境定義了一組通訊標準，車用環境無線存取/專用短距通訊技術(WAVE/DSRC)是採用專屬於車用系統的網路頻帶，由於頻段獨立，傳輸速率也較有保障，能夠做到在短距離之內可靠更迅速的資料傳輸，因此更適合處理多車道自由流這種高車流密度的網路環境。There are many media that can be used as electronic communication, mainly based on Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), such as infrared (Infrared) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Taiwan's current national electronic toll collection system uses infrared-based dedicated short-range communication technology, but infrared is easily affected by weather and the directness of light. It is only suitable for use in a single-lane free-flowing environment. The effect of traffic is limited. In addition, the technology of infrared is monopolized, and it is necessary to pay a large amount of royalties abroad each year. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States allocates a bandwidth of 75 MHz in response to the automotive network environment for high-speed, low-latency, and stable transmission, especially in the 5.8 GHz band, as a wireless access in the vehicle environment (Wireless Access in The use of Vehicular Environments (WAVE), and a set of communication standards defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for automotive environment wireless access scenarios, automotive environment wireless access / dedicated short-range communication technology (WAVE / DSRC ) It is a network band that is exclusively used in the vehicle system. Because the frequency band is independent and the transmission rate is also guaranteed, it can achieve reliable and faster data transmission within a short distance, so it is more suitable for handling the multi-lane free flow. Traffic density network environment.
然而，目前應用於電子收費系統的專用短距通訊技術多半只使用單一通道(Single Channel)進行交易，系統負載量較低，無法因應高車流的多車道自由流電子收費環境，也將面臨嚴重的干擾問題(Interference)，而產生較高的通訊延遲時間(Delay)。此外，現有技術主要是採用競爭(Contention)方式，讓每輛車的電子收費車載單元分別去向路側單元競爭通道的使用權。這種方式雖然易於實作，卻無法保證每輛車都能順利的取得通道來完成交易，在高車流密度下將嚴重影響交易的穩定性。However, most of the short-range communication technologies currently used in electronic toll collection systems use only single channel (Single Channel) for trading. The system load is low, and it is impossible to cope with the high-vehicle multi-lane free-flow electronic toll collection environment, and it will also face serious Interference, resulting in a higher communication delay (Delay). In addition, the prior art mainly adopts the contention method, so that the electronic toll vehicle unit of each vehicle goes to the roadside unit to compete for the right to use the channel. Although this method is easy to implement, it cannot guarantee that every car can smoothly obtain the channel to complete the transaction, which will seriously affect the stability of the transaction under high traffic density.
有鑑於此，一種更進一步用於高速公路多車道自由流的電子收費方法以及系統是有待開發的。In view of this, an electronic charging method and system for further multi-lane free flow of highways is yet to be developed.
本發明提供一種用於高速公路多車道自由流的電子收費方法以及系統。The present invention provides an electronic charging method and system for freeway multi-lane free flow.
本發明提供實施例之一種用於高速公路多車道自由流的電子收費系統，包括：一中央控制器；一電子收費車載單元，設置於一車輛中；以及一路側單元，設置於高速公路之一收費區內，連接至該中央控制器，包括：一控制通道天線，用以接收該電子收費車載單元之一預約請求訊息；複數服務通道天線，用以對中央控制器所指定之一服務通道天線之電子收費車載單元收送訊息。The present invention provides an electronic toll collection system for highway multi-lane free flow, comprising: a central controller; an electronic toll vehicle unit disposed in a vehicle; and a roadside unit disposed on one of the highways The charging area is connected to the central controller, and includes: a control channel antenna for receiving a reservation request message of the electronic toll vehicle unit; and a plurality of service channel antennas for one of the service channel antennas designated by the central controller The electronic toll car unit receives the message.
本發明提供實施例之一種用於高速公路多車道自由流的電子收費方法，用於設置於一車輛中之電子收費車載單元及一電子收費系統，其中該車輛藉由該電子收費車載單元執行以下操作：接收該電子收費系統之一控制通道天線所廣播之一預約指示訊息；傳送一預約請求訊息至該控制通道天線，以請求該電子收費系統之一中央控制器分配一預約服務通道天線；接收由該控制通道天線所傳送由該中央控制器的一通道分配模組分配該預約服務通道天線的一預約回應訊息；以及回傳一預約確認訊息至該控制通道天線。The present invention provides an electronic charging method for freeway multi-lane free flow for an electronic toll vehicle unit and an electronic toll collection system installed in a vehicle, wherein the vehicle performs the following by the electronic toll vehicle unit Operation: receiving a reservation indication message broadcasted by one of the control channel antennas of the electronic toll collection system; transmitting a reservation request message to the control channel antenna to request a central controller of the electronic toll collection system to allocate a reservation service channel antenna; receiving And transmitting, by the control channel antenna, a reservation response message of the reserved service channel antenna by a channel allocation module of the central controller; and transmitting a reservation confirmation message to the control channel antenna.
本發明提供實施例之一種用於高速公路多車道自由流的電子收費車載單元，該電子收費車載單元設置於一車輛中，該車輛透過該電子收費車載單元執行以下操作：接收一控制通道天線所廣播之一預約指示訊息；傳送一預約請求訊息至該控制通道天線；接收由該控制通道天線所傳送一中央控制器的通道分配模組所分配一預約服務通道天線的一預約回應訊息；以及回傳一預約確認訊息至該控制通道天線。The present invention provides an electronic toll vehicle unit for highway multi-lane free flow, the electronic toll vehicle unit is disposed in a vehicle, and the vehicle performs the following operations through the electronic toll vehicle unit: receiving a control channel antenna Broadcasting one of the reservation indication messages; transmitting a reservation request message to the control channel antenna; receiving an appointment response message assigned by the channel assignment module of a central controller transmitted by the control channel antenna; Pass an appointment confirmation message to the control channel antenna.
本發明提供實施例之一種用於高速公路多車道自由流的電子收費方法，用於設置於高速公路的一收費區之路側單元，其中該路側單元連接至一中央控制器，包括一控制通道天線及複數服務通道天線，其中該路側單元執行以下操作：藉由一控制通道天線接收設置於一車輛中的電子收費車載單元之一預約請求訊息；藉由複數服務通道天線傳送該中央控制器所指定之一服務通道天線之訊息至該電子收費車載單元。The present invention provides an electronic charging method for highway multi-lane free flow, which is used for a roadside unit of a toll area of a highway, wherein the roadside unit is connected to a central controller, including a control channel antenna And a plurality of service channel antennas, wherein the roadside unit performs an operation of: receiving, by a control channel antenna, one of the electronic toll vehicle units arranged in a vehicle to reserve a request message; and transmitting, by the plurality of service channel antennas, the central controller One of the service channel antenna messages to the electronic toll car unit.
本發明提供實施例之一種用於高速公路多車道自由流的路側單元，該路側單元設置於高速公路的一收費區內，連接至一中央控制器，包括：一控制通道天線，用以接收設置於一車輛中的電子收費車載單元之一預約請求訊息；複數服務通道天線，用以傳送該中央控制器所指定之一服務通道天線之訊息至該電子收費車載單元。The present invention provides a roadside unit for highway multi-lane free flow, the roadside unit is disposed in a toll area of a highway, and is connected to a central controller, including: a control channel antenna for receiving settings One of the electronic toll vehicle units in a vehicle reserves a request message; the plurality of service channel antennas transmit a message of one of the service channel antennas designated by the central controller to the electronic toll vehicle unit.
為使本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵和優點能更明顯易懂，下文特舉出較佳實施例，並配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下：The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more <RTIgt;
本發明提供一種用於高速公路多車道自由流的電子收費方法以及系統。第1圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之用於高速公路多車道自由流電子收費系統的示意圖。如第1圖所示，在高速公路的收費區內設置一座具有多重天線(Multi-radio)的路側單元12，負責主要的收費交易。路側單元12的每根天線固定在一個獨立的通道上，包含一控制通道(Control Channel,CCH)天線120，以及複數服務通道(Service Channel,SCH)天線121、122、123、及124。控制通道天線120的通訊範圍涵蓋預約區(Reservation Zone)及收費區(Transaction Zone)內的所有車道。複數服務通道天線121～124的通訊範圍涵蓋收費區內的所有車道。在另一實施例中，可在收費區內裝設執法線18與影像執法裝置16，當車輛通過執法線18時，會對車牌做取像的動作，以進行後續的執法匹配作業。The present invention provides an electronic charging method and system for freeway multi-lane free flow. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a multi-lane free-flow electronic toll collection system for a highway according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in Fig. 1, a roadside unit 12 having a multi-radio is provided in the toll area of the expressway, and is responsible for the main toll transaction. Each antenna of the roadside unit 12 is fixed on an independent channel, and includes a Control Channel (CCH) antenna 120, and a plurality of Service Channel (SCH) antennas 121, 122, 123, and 124. The communication range of the control channel antenna 120 covers all the lanes in the Reservation Zone and the Transaction Zone. The communication range of the plurality of service channel antennas 121-124 covers all lanes in the toll area. In another embodiment, the law enforcement line 18 and the image law enforcement device 16 may be installed in the toll area. When the vehicle passes the law enforcement line 18, the image of the license plate is taken for subsequent law enforcement matching operations.
路側單元12以有線網路或電子迴路的方式連結到一個後端的中央控制器(Central Controller)14，該中央控制器14包含一個通道分配模組(Channel Allocator)141以及一個輪詢排程模組(Polling Scheduler)142，分別負責服務通道的分配、與各服務通道內輪詢順序的安排。值得注意的是，雖然此處所述路側單元12係以有線網路或電子迴路的方式連結至中央控制器14，但中央控制器14可被整合至路側單元12中，以簡化此系統。The roadside unit 12 is connected to a back end central controller 14 by a wired network or an electronic circuit. The central controller 14 includes a channel allocator 141 and a polling scheduling module. (Polling Scheduler) 142, which is responsible for the allocation of service channels and the arrangement of polling sequences within each service channel. It is noted that although the roadside unit 12 is coupled to the central controller 14 in a wired network or electronic circuit as described herein, the central controller 14 can be integrated into the roadside unit 12 to simplify the system.
每輛車輛裝置一部具有單一天線的電子收費車載單元(OBU)10。電子收費車載單元10的天線可動態在控制通道天線120與複數服務通道天線121～124之間作通道切換，當沒有與路側單元12通訊時，則停留在控制通道聽取訊息。在此實施例中，控制通道為電子收費車載單元10與路側單元12溝通的預設通道。Each vehicle is equipped with an electronic toll car unit (OBU) 10 having a single antenna. The antenna of the electronic toll vehicle unit 10 can dynamically switch between the control channel antenna 120 and the plurality of service channel antennas 121-124. When there is no communication with the roadside unit 12, the control channel can be used to listen to the message. In this embodiment, the control channel is a preset channel that the electronic toll vehicle unit 10 communicates with the roadside unit 12.
考慮一輛具有電子收費車載單元10的車輛行駛在高速公路上，路側單元12藉由控制通道協助在預約區的車輛進入收費區前預約一個可用的服務通道。第2圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一輛具有電子收費車載單元的車輛預約一服務通道天線的詳細流程圖。如第2圖所示，該路側單元藉由控制通道週期地廣播一預約指示訊息至電子收費車載單元。此預約指示訊息包含收費站代碼sid 。當車輛進入預約區並且收到預約指示訊息時，電子收費車載單元會隨機等待一段倒數(backoff)時間，並送出一個預約請求訊息至控制通道向路側單元請求預約一個服務通道，此預約請求訊息包含車輛代碼vid 以及預約指示訊息中所取得的收費站代碼sid 。路側單元收到該預約請求訊息後，比對訊息內的收費站代碼sid 是否與本身的收費站代碼sid 相同，如果不同則直接丟棄此訊息，如果相同則將此預約請求訊息轉交給中央控制器，中央控制器利用通道分配模組選取一個適合的服務通道，並透過一個預約回應訊息回覆給路側單元。路側單元會再將此訊息轉交給電子收費車載單元，並等待電子收費車載單元回覆一個預約確認訊息。路側單元將此預約確認訊息轉交給中央控制器的通道分配模組及輪詢排程模組進行後續的通道分配與輪詢排程，而車輛收到此預約回應訊息後即可切換到指定的服務通道完成預約。Considering that a vehicle with an electronic toll car unit 10 is traveling on a highway, the roadside unit 12 assists in booking an available service channel before the vehicle in the reservation area enters the toll area by means of the control channel. 2 is a detailed flow chart showing a reservation of a service channel antenna for a vehicle having an electronic toll collection unit according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the roadside unit periodically broadcasts an appointment indication message to the electronic toll vehicle unit via the control channel. This reservation instruction message contains the toll booth code sid . When the vehicle enters the reservation area and receives the reservation instruction message, the electronic toll vehicle unit randomly waits for a backoff time, and sends a reservation request message to the control channel to request the roadside unit to reserve a service channel, and the reservation request message includes The toll station code sid obtained in the vehicle code vid and the reservation instruction message. After receiving the reservation request message, the roadside unit compares whether the toll station code sid in the message is the same as its own toll station code sid . If it is different, the message is directly discarded. If the same, the reservation request message is forwarded to the central controller. The central controller uses the channel allocation module to select a suitable service channel and replies to the roadside unit through an appointment response message. The roadside unit will forward the message to the electronic toll car unit and wait for the electronic toll car unit to reply with an appointment confirmation message. The roadside unit forwards the reservation confirmation message to the channel allocation module of the central controller and the polling scheduling module for subsequent channel allocation and polling scheduling, and the vehicle can switch to the designated after receiving the reservation response message. The service channel completes the appointment.
有關上述通道分配輪詢排程的部分，中央控制器的通道分配模組會根據車輛的車速vel 、以及傳輸距離R ，依下列式子推算出該車輛行經收費區的時間S ：Regarding the part of the above-mentioned channel allocation polling schedule, the channel allocation module of the central controller calculates the time S of the vehicle passing through the charging area according to the vehicle speed vel and the transmission distance R according to the following formula:
並根據各服務通道天線下輪詢清單(polling list)的長度，算出每一個服務通道天線(SCH#i )的輪詢週期C i ，例如第一服務通道天線(SCH#1)與第二服務通道天線(SCH#2)的輪詢清單分別有8輛與15輛車被排入，而每輛車的輪詢時間是p (例如200毫秒)，則輪詢週期C 1 與C 2 分別是1.2秒與3秒，車輛將會被分配滿足C i <S 且C i 最小的那個服務通道天線(SCH#i )，第一個條件是為了確保該車輛進入收費區後至少與路側單元交易一次，第二個條件則是為了平衡通道的負載，使負載較輕的服務通道天線優先被使用。如果所有的服務通道天線均無法滿足第一個條件，中央控制器的通道分配模組會將符合第二個條件的服務通道天線指定給該車輛，並通知輪詢排程模組(Polling scheduler)進行服務通道天線的排程變更。And calculating a polling period C i of each service channel antenna (SCH# i ) according to the length of the polling list under each service channel antenna, for example, the first serving channel antenna (SCH#1) and the second service The polling list of the channel antenna (SCH#2) has 8 and 15 vehicles respectively, and the polling time of each car is p (for example, 200 milliseconds), then the polling periods C 1 and C 2 are respectively 1.2 seconds and 3 seconds, the vehicle will be assigned the service channel antenna (SCH# i ) that satisfies C i < S and C i minimum. The first condition is to ensure that the vehicle enters the toll area at least once with the roadside unit. The second condition is to balance the load of the channel, so that the lighter service channel antenna is used preferentially. If all of the service channel antennas fail to meet the first condition, the central controller's channel assignment module assigns the service channel antenna that meets the second condition to the vehicle and notifies the polling scheduler. Perform scheduling changes for the service channel antenna.
有關上述輪詢排程部分，正常情況下輪詢排程模組會以先到先預約(First Come First Serve)的方式，將收到的預約確認請求排到所指定服務通道天線(SCH#i )的最後一個順位。如果同時收到排程變更，則會在不影響其它車輛符合第一個條件的情況下，將該預約確認請求安插到輪詢等待時間小於S +T 的順位，T 為車輛預估進入收費區的剩餘時間。如果排程變更會使至少一台車輛違反第一個條件，則代表此電子收費系統超出負載。完成排程後，輪詢排程模組會向路側單元更新該車輛所指定服務通道天線的輪詢清單。Regarding the above polling schedule part, the polling scheduling module normally queues the received reservation confirmation request to the designated service channel antenna in the manner of First Come First Serve (SCH# i The last one.) If the schedule change is received at the same time, the reservation confirmation request will be inserted into the polling waiting time less than S + T without affecting the other vehicle's compliance with the first condition, and T is the estimated vehicle entering the charging area. The remaining time. If the schedule change causes at least one vehicle to violate the first condition, it means that the electronic toll collection system is out of load. After the scheduling is completed, the polling scheduling module updates the polling list of the service channel antennas specified by the vehicle to the roadside unit.
第3圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一輛在預約區向路側單元完成一服務通道天線預約並進入收費區進行扣款交易的詳細流程圖。如第3圖所示，此服務通道天線一開始的輪詢清單為{vid 1 ,vid 2 }，若一車輛代碼為vid 3 的車輛完成此服務通道的預約時，中央控制器會傳送一輪詢增加訊息至路側單元，將車輛代碼vid 3 加入此服務通道天線的輪詢清單中，此輪詢清單則更新為{vid 1 ,vid 2 ,vid 3 }。各服通道天線會依據其輪詢清單的順序向車載單元送出一個輪詢通知訊息(Polling)，並等待一段正常狀況下所需的交易時間。此輪詢通知訊息至少包含被輪詢車輛的車輛代碼vid 1 及收費站本身的收費站代碼sid 。當該電子收費車載單元收到此輪詢通知訊息並比對無誤後，即可送出一交易資料，路側單元再將此交易資料轉送給中央控制器進行扣款的程序。完成扣款後，中央控制器會透過路側單元回覆一交易確認訊息給收費交易車載單元。當收費交易車載單元在收到交易確認訊息後即完成收費(扣款)的程序，因此可切換回預設的控制通道以聽取下一個預約指示訊息。若車輛未在一段正常的時間內傳送交易資料，如第3圖車輛代碼為vid 2 的車輛，中央控制器會傳送一輪詢移除訊息給路側單元，將此車輛代碼vid 2 從輪詢清單中移除。而路側單元藉由此服務通道天線送出交易確認訊息後，(vid 1 終止)即可對輪詢清單中下一個車輛(vid 3 )的電子收費車載單元進行輪詢。Figure 3 is a detailed flow chart showing the completion of a service channel antenna reservation to the roadside unit in the reservation area and entry into the toll area for deduction transactions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the polling list for this service channel antenna is { vid 1 , vid 2 }. If a vehicle with the vehicle code vid 3 completes the reservation for this service channel, the central controller transmits a poll. Add a message to the roadside unit and add the vehicle code vid 3 to the polling list for this service channel antenna. This polling list is updated to { vid 1 , vid 2 , vid 3 }. Each channel antenna sends a polling notification message (Polling) to the onboard unit in the order of its polling list, and waits for a transaction time required under normal conditions. This polling notification message includes at least the vehicle code vid 1 of the polled vehicle and the toll booth code sid of the toll booth itself. When the electronic toll collection unit receives the polling notification message and compares it correctly, it can send out a transaction data, and the roadside unit forwards the transaction data to the central controller for deduction. After the deduction is completed, the central controller will reply a transaction confirmation message to the on-board unit via the roadside unit. When the charging transaction vehicle unit completes the charging (deduction) process after receiving the transaction confirmation message, it can switch back to the preset control channel to listen to the next reservation instruction message. If the vehicle does not transmit the transaction data within a normal period of time, such as the vehicle code vid 2 in Figure 3, the central controller transmits a polling removal message to the roadside unit, and the vehicle code vid 2 is from the polling list. Remove. After the roadside unit sends the transaction confirmation message through the service channel antenna, ( vid 1 terminates), the electronic toll vehicle unit of the next vehicle ( vid 3 ) in the polling list can be polled.
以上為正常的運作程序，實際運作會因為通訊或系統問題面臨例外狀況。例如，電子收費車載單元未收到路側單元的預約回應訊息、或是路側單元未收到電子收費車載單元的預約確認訊息情況，均視為電子收費車載單元未在進入收費區前完成服務通道天線的預約。The above is a normal operating procedure, and the actual operation will be subject to exceptions due to communication or system problems. For example, if the electronic toll collection vehicle unit does not receive the reservation response message of the roadside unit or the reservation confirmation message of the electronic toll vehicle unit is not received by the roadside unit, it is considered that the electronic toll vehicle unit does not complete the service channel antenna before entering the toll area. Reservation.
第4圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一輛在預約區未預約完成的車輛進入收費區進行扣款交易的詳細流程圖。如第4圖所示，若該車輛在預約區未預約完成，則該車輛進入收費區後，電子收費車載單元則會持續與控制通道天線傳輸訊息，以競爭基礎的方式向路側單元進行交易。首先，電子交易車載單元傳送一交易請求訊息至控制通道天線向路側單元請求交易。此交易請求訊息包含車輛代碼vid 、車輛位置vloc 、車速vel ，以及預約指示訊息中所取得的收費站代碼sid 。路側單元收到該交易請求訊息後，比對訊息內的收費站代碼sid 是否與本身的收費站代碼sid 相同，如果不同則直接丟棄此訊息，如果相同則回傳一交易回應訊息。此交易回應訊息包含此車輛的車輛代碼vid 及收費站本身的收費站代碼sid 。當該電子收費車載單元收到此交易回應訊息並比對無誤後，即可送出一交易資料，路側單元再將此交易資料轉送給中央控制器進行扣款的程序。中央控制器扣款完成後再透過路側單元回覆一個交易確認訊息給收費交易車載單元。當收費交易車載單元在收到交易確認訊息後即完成收費的程序。Figure 4 is a detailed flow chart showing a debit transaction in which a vehicle that has not been reserved in the reservation area enters the toll area according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 4, if the vehicle is not reserved in the reservation area, after the vehicle enters the toll area, the electronic toll vehicle unit continuously transmits the message to the control channel antenna to conduct the transaction to the roadside unit in a competitive basis. First, the electronic transaction onboard unit transmits a transaction request message to the control channel antenna to request a transaction from the roadside unit. The transaction request message includes the vehicle code vid , the vehicle location vloc , the vehicle speed vel , and the toll booth code sid obtained in the reservation instruction message. After receiving the transaction request message, the roadside unit compares whether the toll station code sid in the message is the same as its own toll station code sid . If it is different, the message is directly discarded, and if the message is the same, a transaction response message is returned. This transaction response message contains the vehicle code vid for this vehicle and the toll booth code sid for the toll booth itself. When the electronic toll collection unit receives the transaction response message and compares it correctly, it can send out a transaction data, and the roadside unit forwards the transaction data to the central controller for deduction. After the central controller deducts the payment, it will reply a transaction confirmation message to the on-board unit via the roadside unit. When the charging transaction vehicle unit receives the transaction confirmation message, it completes the charging process.
第5圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一設置於一車輛中的電子收費車載單元的運作流程圖。在此實施例中，控制通道天線為電子收費車載單元與路側單元溝通的預設通道。首先開始，在步驟S501中，電子收費車載單元預設控制通道天線為與路側單元溝通的預設天線。在步驟S502中，電子收費車載單元接收路側單元透過控制通道天線所廣播之預約指示訊息。在步驟S503中，電子收費車載單元接收預約指示訊息後，傳送一預約請求訊息至該控制通道給路側單元，並記錄所傳送預約請求訊息的次數。接著，在步驟S504中，判斷是否接收到由該控制通道天線所傳送一中央控制器的通道分配模組所分配一預約服務通道天線的一預約回應訊息。Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of an electronic toll collection unit mounted in a vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the control channel antenna is a preset channel for the electronic toll vehicle unit to communicate with the roadside unit. Firstly, in step S501, the electronic toll vehicle unit presets the control channel antenna as a preset antenna that communicates with the roadside unit. In step S502, the electronic toll vehicle unit receives the reservation instruction message broadcast by the roadside unit through the control channel antenna. In step S503, after receiving the reservation instruction message, the electronic toll collection vehicle transmits a reservation request message to the control channel to the roadside unit, and records the number of times the reservation request message is transmitted. Next, in step S504, it is determined whether a reservation response message of a reserved service channel antenna allocated by a channel allocation module of a central controller transmitted by the control channel antenna is received.
若接收到由該控制通道天線所傳送一中央控制器的通道分配模組所分配一預約服務通道天線的一預約回應訊息(步驟S504的「是」)，在步驟S505中，回傳一預約確認訊息至該控制通道天線給路側單元完成預約。接著在步驟S506中，由控制通道切換至預約服務通道。在進入收費區時，在步驟S507中，電子收費車載單元判斷是否在一定義時間內接收到該預約服務通道天線所傳送的輪詢通知訊息。若在一定義時間內接收到該預約服務通道天線所傳送的輪詢通知訊息(步驟S507的「是」)，在步驟S508中，傳送一交易資料至該預約服務通道天線。若在一預訂時間內沒有接收到該預約服務通道天線所傳送的輪詢通知訊息(步驟S507的「否」)，在步驟S510中，電子收費車載單元則由預約服務通道切換回預設的控制通道，繼續執行與下個收費站的預約。在步驟S508之後，在步驟S509中，電子收費車載單元判斷是否接收由該預約服務通道天線所傳送的一交易確認訊息？若接收到該交易確認訊息(步驟S509的「是」)，則確定扣款成功回到步驟S510。若未接收到該交易確認訊息(步驟S509的「否」)，則回到步驟S507，繼續判斷是否在一預訂時間內接收到該預約服務通道天線所傳送的輪詢通知訊息。Receiving a reservation response message of a reservation service channel antenna allocated by a channel assignment module of a central controller transmitted by the control channel antenna (YES in step S504), in step S505, returning a reservation confirmation The message to the control channel antenna completes the reservation for the roadside unit. Next, in step S506, the control channel is switched to the reserved service channel. Upon entering the charging zone, in step S507, the electronic toll vehicle unit determines whether the polling notification message transmitted by the reserved service channel antenna is received within a defined time. If the polling notification message transmitted by the reserved service channel antenna is received within a defined time (YES in step S507), in step S508, a transaction data is transmitted to the reserved service channel antenna. If the polling notification message transmitted by the reserved service channel antenna is not received within a predetermined time (NO in step S507), in step S510, the electronic toll vehicle unit switches from the reserved service channel back to the preset control. Channel, continue to make an appointment with the next toll booth. After step S508, in step S509, the electronic toll vehicle unit determines whether to receive a transaction confirmation message transmitted by the reserved service channel antenna. If the transaction confirmation message is received (YES in step S509), it is determined that the deduction is successful and the process returns to step S510. If the transaction confirmation message has not been received (NO in step S509), the flow returns to step S507 to continue to determine whether or not the polling notification message transmitted by the reserved service channel antenna is received within a predetermined time.
若未接收到由該控制通道天線所傳送一中央控制器的通道分配模組所分配一預約服務通道天線的一預約回應訊息(步驟S504的「否」)，在步驟S511中，發生此狀況時，電子收費車載單元會判斷重傳預約請求訊息的次數是否超過一事先定義的次數。若未超過超過一事先定義的次數(步驟S511的「否」)，則電子收費車載單元會依據目前的位置，重新計算競爭視窗CW值，並回到步驟S503中，重傳預約請求訊息。若已超過一事先定義的次數(步驟S511的「是」)，則在進入收費區時，在步驟S512中，電子收費車載單元會傳送之一交易請求訊息至該控制通道天線。接著在步驟S513中，判斷是否接收到該路側單元藉由該控制通道天線所傳送之一交易回應訊息。若接收到該交易回應訊息(步驟S513的「是」)，在步驟S514中，則傳送一交易資料至該預約服務通道天線。接下來在步驟S515中，再判斷是否接收由該預約服務通道天線所傳送的一交易確認訊息。若若電子收費車載單元已接收交易確認訊息(步驟S515的「是」)時，將回到步驟S502，重新接續此流程。其中，在步驟S513及步驟S515中，若電子收費車載單元未接收交易回應訊息(步驟S513的「否」)或交易確認訊息(步驟S515的「否」)時，電子收費車載單元於步驟S512及S515中會記錄傳送交易請求訊息的次數及交易資料的次數，並判斷上述次數是否超過一事先定義的次數(步驟S516及步驟S517)。若未超過一事先定義的次數(步驟S516及步驟S517中的「否」)，則繼續重傳。若已超過一事先定義的次數(步驟S516及步驟S517中的「是」)，在步驟S518中，則交易失敗並交由後端執法匹配系統進行後續執法作業。If a reservation response message of a reserved service channel antenna allocated by a channel assignment module of a central controller transmitted by the control channel antenna is not received (NO in step S504), in step S511, when the condition occurs The electronic toll vehicle unit determines whether the number of times of retransmitting the reservation request message exceeds a predetermined number of times. If it has not exceeded a predetermined number of times (NO in step S511), the electronic toll collection unit recalculates the competition window CW value based on the current position, and returns to step S503 to retransmit the reservation request message. If it has exceeded a predetermined number of times (YES in step S511), when entering the toll area, in step S512, the electronic toll collection unit transmits a transaction request message to the control channel antenna. Next, in step S513, it is determined whether a transaction response message transmitted by the roadside unit through the control channel antenna is received. If the transaction response message is received (YES in step S513), in step S514, a transaction data is transmitted to the reservation service channel antenna. Next, in step S515, it is determined whether or not a transaction confirmation message transmitted by the reserved service channel antenna is received. If the electronic toll collection unit has received the transaction confirmation message (YES in step S515), the process returns to step S502 to continue the process. In step S513 and step S515, if the electronic toll collection unit does not receive the transaction response message (NO in step S513) or the transaction confirmation message (NO in step S515), the electronic toll collection unit performs step S512 and In S515, the number of times the transaction request message is transmitted and the number of times of the transaction data are recorded, and it is determined whether the number of times exceeds a predetermined number of times (step S516 and step S517). If it is not more than a predetermined number of times (NO in step S516 and step S517), the retransmission is continued. If it has exceeded a predetermined number of times (YES in step S516 and step S517), in step S518, the transaction fails and is submitted to the back-end law enforcement matching system for subsequent law enforcement operations.
第6圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一設置於高速公路的一收費區之路側單元在預約區的運作流程圖。在此實施例中，控制通道天線為電子收費車載單元與路側單元溝通的預設通道。首先開始，在步驟S601中，路側單元預設控制通道天線為與電子收費車載單元在預約區溝通的預設天線。在步驟S602中，路側單元藉由控制通道天線廣播一預約指示訊息至該電子收費車載單元。並在步驟S603中，接收該電子收費車載單元回傳之一預約請求訊息。接收到預約請求訊息後，在步驟S604中，傳送該預約請求訊息至該中央控制器中的通道分配模組。在步驟S605中，接收由該通道分配模組所分配一預約服務通道天線的一預約回應訊息。在步驟S606中，藉由控制通道天線回傳該預約回應訊息至該電子收費車載單元，路側單元並紀錄所傳送該預約回應訊息的次數。在步驟S607中，路側單元藉由該控制通道天線判斷是否接收由電子收費車載單元所回傳的一預約確認訊息。若已接收到由電子收費車載單元所回傳的預約確認訊息(步驟S607的「是」)，在步驟S608中，則傳送該預約確認訊息至該中央控制器完成預約。若未接收到由電子收費車載單元所回傳的預約確認訊息，(步驟S607的「否」)，在步驟S609中，路側單元判斷所傳送該預約回應訊息的次數上述次數是否超過一事先定義的次數。若未超過一事先定義的次數(步驟S609中的「否」)，則繼續重傳。若已超過一事先定義的次數(步驟S609中的「是」)，步驟S610中，則通知中央控制器取消此預約請求。Figure 6 is a flow chart showing the operation of a roadside unit disposed in a toll area of a highway in a reservation area according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the control channel antenna is a preset channel for the electronic toll vehicle unit to communicate with the roadside unit. First, in step S601, the roadside unit preset control channel antenna is a preset antenna that communicates with the electronic toll vehicle unit in the reserved area. In step S602, the roadside unit broadcasts a reservation indication message to the electronic toll vehicle unit via the control channel antenna. And in step S603, receiving one of the reservation request messages returned by the electronic toll vehicle unit. After receiving the reservation request message, in step S604, the reservation request message is transmitted to the channel assignment module in the central controller. In step S605, a reservation response message of a reserved service channel antenna allocated by the channel allocation module is received. In step S606, the reservation response message is returned to the electronic toll vehicle unit by the control channel antenna, and the roadside unit records the number of times the reservation response message is transmitted. In step S607, the roadside unit determines, by the control channel antenna, whether to receive a reservation confirmation message returned by the electronic toll collection vehicle unit. If the reservation confirmation message returned by the electronic toll collection unit has been received (YES in step S607), in step S608, the reservation confirmation message is transmitted to the central controller to complete the reservation. If the reservation confirmation message returned by the electronic toll collection unit is not received (NO in step S607), in step S609, the roadside unit determines whether the number of times the reservation response message is transmitted exceeds a predetermined number of times. frequency. If it has not exceeded a predetermined number of times (NO in step S609), the retransmission is continued. If it has exceeded a predetermined number of times (YES in step S609), in step S610, the central controller is notified to cancel the reservation request.
第7A及7B圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一車輛進入收費區時路側單元的運作流程圖。如第7A及7B圖所示，路側單元的運作分為兩部份。第7A圖中的A部份為路側單元藉由複數服務通道天線與電子收費車載單元通訊之運作流程。第7B圖中的B部份為路側單元藉由控制通道天線與電子收費車載單元通訊之運作流程。若車輛在預約區已完成預約，在進入收費區後，路側單元則與車輛及中央控制器執行B部份之運作流程。若車輛在預約區未完成預約，在進入收費區後，路側單元則與車輛及中央控制器執行A部份之運作流程。7A and 7B are flowcharts showing the operation of the roadside unit when a vehicle enters the toll area according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the operation of the roadside unit is divided into two parts. Part A of Figure 7A is the operational flow of the roadside unit communicating with the electronic toll car unit via a plurality of service channel antennas. Part B of Figure 7B is the operational flow of the roadside unit communicating with the electronic toll car unit via the control channel antenna. If the vehicle has completed the appointment in the reservation area, after entering the toll area, the roadside unit performs the operation of Part B with the vehicle and the central controller. If the vehicle does not complete the appointment in the reservation area, after entering the toll area, the roadside unit performs the operation of Part A with the vehicle and the central controller.
在此實施例的A部份中，以下以第一服務通道天線來說明，然而，熟習此技藝人士亦可類推其他所述之服務通道天線與電子收費車載單元通訊之運作流程。首先，路側單元接收來自中央控制器的第一輪詢清單，在步驟S701中，預設第一輪詢清單中車輛代碼順序為第一的車輛為優先。在步驟S702中，路側單元藉由第一服務通道天線傳送一輪詢通知訊息至第一輪詢清單中的此優先車輛的電子收費車載單元，其中第一輪詢清單中的車輛以交易優先順序排列。在步驟S703中，判斷是否在一定義時間內接收到該電子收費車載單元所傳送之一交易資料。In the A portion of this embodiment, the following description is made with the first service channel antenna. However, those skilled in the art can also analogize the operational flow of communication between the other service channel antennas and the electronic toll vehicle unit. First, the roadside unit receives the first polling list from the central controller, and in step S701, presets the vehicle in which the vehicle code sequence is first in the first polling list is prioritized. In step S702, the roadside unit transmits a polling notification message to the electronic toll vehicle unit of the priority vehicle in the first polling list by the first service channel antenna, wherein the vehicles in the first polling list are arranged in transaction priority order. . In step S703, it is determined whether one of the transaction materials transmitted by the electronic toll collection unit is received within a defined time.
若在一定義時間內接收到第一電子收費車載單元所傳送之交易資料(步驟S703中的「是」)，在步驟S704中，傳送交易資料至中央控制器。接著在步驟S705中，接收中央控制器所傳送之交易確認訊息。在步驟S706中，路側單元藉由第一服務通道天線傳送此交易確認訊息至第一電子收費車載單元。最後，在步驟S707中，路側單元在確認第一車輛已完成扣款後，從第一輪詢清單中移除此車輛的車輛代碼。在步驟S708中，第一服務通道天線將原先所預設之車輛，改設定為第一輪詢清單中較先前車輛順序為較後的車輛。在步驟S709中，判斷第一輪詢清單是否更新。若第一輪詢清單已更新(步驟S709中的「是」)，則回到步驟S701中，對第一輪詢清單中順序為第一的車輛做運作。若第一輪詢清單未更新(步驟S709中的「否」)，則回到步驟S702中，對較先前車輛順序較後之車輛進行運作。If the transaction data transmitted by the first electronic toll collection unit is received within a defined time (YES in step S703), in step S704, the transaction data is transmitted to the central controller. Next, in step S705, a transaction confirmation message transmitted by the central controller is received. In step S706, the roadside unit transmits the transaction confirmation message to the first electronic toll vehicle unit via the first service channel antenna. Finally, in step S707, the roadside unit removes the vehicle code of the vehicle from the first polling list after confirming that the first vehicle has completed the deduction. In step S708, the first service channel antenna changes the previously preset vehicle to a vehicle in the first polling list that is later than the previous vehicle. In step S709, it is determined whether the first polling list is updated. If the first polling list has been updated (YES in step S709), the flow returns to step S701 to operate the vehicle in the first polling list in the first order. If the first polling list is not updated (NO in step S709), then returning to step S702, the vehicle is operated in a later order than the previous vehicle.
若在一定義時間內未接收到第一電子收費車載單元所傳送之交易資料時，(步驟S703中的「否」)，則進入步驟S708中，第一服務通道天線將原先所預設之車輛，改設定為第一輪詢清單中較先前車輛順序為較後的車輛，並進行之後步驟。If the transaction data transmitted by the first electronic toll vehicle unit is not received within a certain time (NO in step S703), the process proceeds to step S708, and the first service channel antenna will be the originally preset vehicle. Change to the vehicle in the first polling list that is later than the previous vehicle, and perform the subsequent steps.
在A部份中，在步驟S711中，第一服務通道天線隨時接收由中央控制器所傳送之一輪詢增加訊息。接著在步驟S712中，將輪詢增加訊息中的車輛代碼vid 加入至第一服務通道天線的第一輪詢清單中。在步驟S713中，第一服務通道天線隨時接收由中央控制器所傳送之一輪詢移除訊息。接著在步驟S714中，將輪詢移除訊息中的車輛代碼vid 從第一服務通道天線的第一輪詢清單中移除。In part A, in step S711, the first serving channel antenna receives a polling addition message transmitted by the central controller at any time. Next, in step S712, the vehicle code vid in the polling addition message is added to the first polling list of the first serving channel antenna. In step S713, the first serving channel antenna receives a polling removal message transmitted by the central controller at any time. Next, in step S714, the vehicle code vid in the polling removal message is removed from the first polling list of the first serving channel antenna.
在上述A部份中，第一服務通道天線同時進行步驟S701、步驟S711以及步驟S713的運作。然而，熟習此技藝人士亦可類推其他所述之服務通道天線與電子收費車載單元通訊之運作流程。In the above part A, the first service channel antenna simultaneously performs the operations of step S701, step S711, and step S713. However, those skilled in the art can also analogize the operational flow of communication between the other service channel antennas and the electronic toll vehicle unit.
在此實施例的B部份中，在步驟S721中，控制通道天線接收來自一未預約成功的車輛之電子收費車載單元所傳送之一交易請求訊息。在步驟S722中，路側單元藉由控制通道天線傳送一交易回應訊息至該電子收費車載單元，並紀錄所傳送交易回應訊息的次數。在步驟S723中，路側單元判斷是否接收由電子收費車載單元所傳送之一交易資料。In part B of this embodiment, in step S721, the control channel antenna receives a transaction request message transmitted from an electronic toll onboard unit of an unscheduled vehicle. In step S722, the roadside unit transmits a transaction response message to the electronic toll collection unit via the control channel antenna, and records the number of times the transaction response message is transmitted. In step S723, the roadside unit determines whether or not one of the transaction materials transmitted by the electronic toll collection unit is received.
若有接收到由電子收費車載單元所傳送之一交易資料(步驟S723中的「是」)，在步驟S724中，傳送該交易資料至中央控制器進行扣款。接著，在步驟S725中接收由中央控制器所傳送之一交易確認訊息。最後，在步驟S726中，傳送該交易確認訊息至該電子收費車載單元完成收費。If one of the transaction materials transmitted by the electronic toll collection unit is received (YES in step S723), in step S724, the transaction data is transmitted to the central controller for deduction. Next, a transaction confirmation message transmitted by the central controller is received in step S725. Finally, in step S726, the transaction confirmation message is transmitted to the electronic toll vehicle unit to complete the charging.
若未接收到由電子收費車載單元所傳送之一交易資料(步驟S723中的「否」)，在步驟S727中，路側單元判斷所傳送該交易回應訊息的次數上述次數是否超過一事先定義的次數。若未超過一事先定義的次數，(步驟S727中的「否」)，則繼續重傳。若已超過一事先定義的次數，(步驟S727中的「是」)，則交易失敗並交由後端執法匹配系統進行後續執法作業。If one of the transaction data transmitted by the electronic toll collection unit is not received (NO in step S723), in step S727, the roadside unit determines whether the number of times the transaction response message is transmitted is more than a predetermined number of times. . If it has not exceeded a predetermined number of times (NO in step S727), the retransmission is continued. If it has exceeded a predetermined number of times ("Yes" in step S727), the transaction fails and is submitted to the back-end law enforcement matching system for subsequent enforcement operations.
第8圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之中央控制器的運作流程圖。如第8圖所示，中央控制器的運作分為兩部份。A部份為中央控制器中通道分配模組分配車輛的服務通道、輪詢排程模組安排各服務通道內的車輛輪詢順序以及扣款的運作流程。B部份為中央控制器與未預約完成之車輛藉由路側單元進行扣款之運作流程。Figure 8 is a flow chart showing the operation of the central controller according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in Figure 8, the operation of the central controller is divided into two parts. Part A is for the channel allocation module of the central controller to allocate the service channel of the vehicle, the polling scheduling module to arrange the polling sequence of the vehicles in each service channel, and the operation procedure of the deduction. Part B is the operational flow of the deduction of the central controller and the unscheduled vehicle by the roadside unit.
在此實施例的A部份中，在步驟S801，中央控制器接收一車輛藉由路側單元所傳送之預約請求訊息。在步驟S802中，中央控制器通知通道分配模組選擇一服務通道天線。在步驟S803中，中央控制器回傳所選擇一服務通道天線之一預約回應訊息至路側單元。在步驟S804中，中央控制器判斷是否在一定義時間內接收一預約確認訊息。In part A of this embodiment, in step S801, the central controller receives a reservation request message transmitted by the vehicle by the roadside unit. In step S802, the central controller notifies the channel allocation module to select a serving channel antenna. In step S803, the central controller returns a reservation response message of one of the selected one of the service channel antennas to the roadside unit. In step S804, the central controller determines whether a reservation confirmation message is received within a defined time.
若中央控制器在一定義時間內未接收一預約確認訊息(步驟S804中的「否」)，在步驟S805中，取消對此車輛的輪詢排程，預約失敗。If the central controller does not receive a reservation confirmation message within a defined time (NO in step S804), in step S805, the polling schedule for the vehicle is cancelled, and the reservation fails.
若中央控制器在一定義時間內接收一預約確認訊息(步驟S804中的「是」)，在步驟S806中，則中央控制器傳送一輪詢增加訊息至路側單元，用以增加此車輛代碼至該服務通道天線的輪詢表中。接著，在步驟S807中，判斷是否在一定義時間內接收此車輛藉由路側單元所傳送之一交易訊息。若中央控制器在一定義時間內未接收此交易訊息(步驟S807中的「否」)，在步驟S808中，傳送一輪詢移除訊息至路側單元以移除此車輛代碼。若中央控制器在一定義時間內接收到此交易訊息(步驟S807中的「是」)，在步驟S809中，中央控制器進行扣款並回傳一交易確認訊息至路側單元。If the central controller receives a reservation confirmation message within a defined time (YES in step S804), in step S806, the central controller transmits a polling addition message to the roadside unit for adding the vehicle code to the The polling table of the service channel antenna. Next, in step S807, it is determined whether a transaction message transmitted by the vehicle by the roadside unit is received within a defined time. If the central controller does not receive the transaction message within a defined time (NO in step S807), in step S808, a polling removal message is transmitted to the roadside unit to remove the vehicle code. If the central controller receives the transaction message within a defined time (YES in step S807), in step S809, the central controller performs a chargeback and returns a transaction confirmation message to the roadside unit.
在此實施例的B部份中，在步驟S811中，中央控制器接收此車輛藉由路側單元所傳送之一交易訊息。在步驟S12中，中央控制器進行扣款並回傳一交易確認訊息至路側單元。In part B of this embodiment, in step S811, the central controller receives a transaction message transmitted by the vehicle by the roadside unit. In step S12, the central controller performs a chargeback and returns a transaction confirmation message to the roadside unit.
因此，透過本案之用於高速公路多車道自由流的電子收費方法以及系統，可同時結合競爭基礎(Contention-based)及輪詢基礎(Polling-based)傳輸，使配置一電子收費車載單元的車輛在進入收費區前，先以競爭的方式預約一個可用的通道天線，進入收費區後再切換為輪詢基礎的方式，等待該通道天線所傳送的輪詢通知訊息，唯有收到通知的車輛才會與路側單元進行交易，可大幅提升交易的穩定性。後端中央控制器收到通道天線所傳送之請求訊息時，會依據各通道目前的使用狀況，分配負載較輕的通道天線給電子收費車載單元，可進一步提升系統的負載能力及交易成功率。Therefore, the electronic charging method and system for freeway multi-lane free flow in this case can be combined with contention-based and polling-based transmission to enable vehicles equipped with an electronic toll vehicle unit. Before entering the toll area, first reserve an available channel antenna in a competitive manner, enter the charging area and then switch to the polling basis, wait for the polling notification message transmitted by the channel antenna, only the vehicle that receives the notification It will only trade with the roadside unit, which can greatly improve the stability of the transaction. When the back-end central controller receives the request message transmitted by the channel antenna, it distributes the light-weight channel antenna to the electronic toll-based vehicle unit according to the current usage status of each channel, which can further improve the load capacity and transaction success rate of the system.
雖然本發明已以較佳實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限定本發明，任何熟悉此項技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和範圍內，當可做些許更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。While the present invention has been described in its preferred embodiments, the present invention is not intended to limit the invention, and the present invention may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application.
10．．．電子收費車載單元10. . . Electronic toll car unit
12．．．路側單元12. . . Road side unit
120．．．控制通道天線120. . . Control channel antenna
121~124．．．服務通道天線121~124. . . Service channel antenna
14．．．中央控制器14. . . Central controller
16．．．影像執法裝置16. . . Image law enforcement device
18．．．執法線18. . . Law enforcement line
141．．．通道分配模組141. . . Channel allocation module
142．．．輪詢排程模組142. . . Polling scheduling module
第1圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之用於高速公路多車道自由流電子收費系統的示意圖。1 is a schematic diagram showing a multi-lane free-flow electronic toll collection system for a highway according to an embodiment of the invention.
第2圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一輛具有電子收費車載單元的車輛預約一服務通道的詳細流程圖。2 is a detailed flow chart showing a vehicle reservation-service channel with an electronic toll-type vehicle unit according to an embodiment of the invention.
第3圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一輛在預約區已預約完成的車輛進入收費區進行扣款交易的詳細流程圖。Figure 3 is a detailed flow chart showing a debit transaction in which a vehicle that has been reserved in the reservation area enters the toll area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第4圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一輛在預約區未預約完成的車輛進入收費區進行扣款交易的詳細流程圖。Figure 4 is a detailed flow chart showing a debit transaction in which a vehicle that has not been reserved in the reservation area enters the toll area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第5圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一設置於一車輛中的電子收費車載單元的運作流程圖。Figure 5 is a flow chart showing the operation of an electronic toll collection unit mounted in a vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention.
第6圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一設置於高速公路的一收費區之路側單元在預約區的運作流程圖。Figure 6 is a flow chart showing the operation of a roadside unit disposed in a toll area of a highway in a reservation area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第7A及7B圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之一車輛進入收費區時路側單元的運作流程圖。7A and 7B are flowcharts showing the operation of the roadside unit when a vehicle enters the toll area according to an embodiment of the present invention.
第8圖係顯示根據本發明一實施例所述之中央控制器的運作流程圖。Figure 8 is a flow chart showing the operation of the central controller according to an embodiment of the invention.
10．．．電子收費車載單元10. . . Electronic toll car unit
12．．．路側單元12. . . Road side unit
120．．．控制通道天線120. . . Control channel antenna
121~124．．．服務通道天線121~124. . . Service channel antenna
14．．．中央控制器14. . . Central controller
16．．．影像執法裝置16. . . Image law enforcement device
18．．．執法線18. . . Law enforcement line
141．．．通道分配模組141. . . Channel allocation module
142．．．輪詢排程模組142. . . Polling scheduling module
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| CN103729897B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2016-03-02 | 深圳市金溢科技股份有限公司 | ETC exit lane system, driveway controller and vehicle passing control method |
| CN108494506A (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2018-09-04 | 北京聚利科技股份有限公司 | The sensitivity measuring method and device of mobile unit |
| CN107579801B (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2019-12-10 | 深圳市金溢科技股份有限公司 | ETC system, memory, road side unit and transaction processing method thereof |
| CN110047159A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-07-23 | 深圳成有科技有限公司 | Improve the method, device and equipment of free flow charge transaction success rate |
| CN110459013B (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2024-04-30 | 易米智链(重庆)科技有限公司 | Charging pile charging system based on ETC |
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| CN111260807B (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-12-25 | 长沙理工大学 | Intelligent ETC system and use method thereof |
| CN112418464B (en) * | 2020-09-23 | 2024-05-31 | 深圳市金溢科技股份有限公司 | Highway service area reservation method, RSU, OBU, platform and system |
| CN115954648A (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2023-04-11 | 北京万集科技股份有限公司 | RSU antenna and electronic toll collection system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105577700A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-05-11 | 陈锡鸿 | Vehicle entrance and exit control system based on remote secret key and control method thereof |
| CN105577700B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2019-05-21 | 广州益车益路软件科技有限公司 | Vehicle in and out port control system and its control method based on remote cipher key |
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