CN104011487B - 运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***和方法 - Google Patents

运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***和方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN104011487B
CN104011487B CN201280063729.2A CN201280063729A CN104011487B CN 104011487 B CN104011487 B CN 104011487B CN 201280063729 A CN201280063729 A CN 201280063729A CN 104011487 B CN104011487 B CN 104011487B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
stream
outer heat
exchanger core
separation container
liquid refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201280063729.2A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN104011487A (zh
Inventor
P·R·戴维斯
W·T·詹姆斯
S·P·格拉沃斯
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ConocoPhillips Co
Original Assignee
ConocoPhillips Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ConocoPhillips Co filed Critical ConocoPhillips Co
Publication of CN104011487A publication Critical patent/CN104011487A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN104011487B publication Critical patent/CN104011487B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0259Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0269Arrangement of liquefaction units or equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple "trains" concept
    • F25J1/0271Inter-connecting multiple cold equipments within or downstream of the cold box
    • F25J1/0272Multiple identical heat exchangers in parallel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F25J1/0278Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0017Flooded core heat exchangers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/20Boiler-condenser with multiple exchanger cores in parallel or with multiple re-boiling or condensing streams
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/72Processing device is used off-shore, e.g. on a platform or floating on a ship or barge

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

在一个实施方案中,在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***包括:(a)分离容器,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板,分离容器分离高压制冷剂流,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;(b)气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;(c)至少一个外热交换器核,其中外热交换器核在釜的外部,液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流。

Description

运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求按照35U.S.C.119(e)节的2011年12月20日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号61/578,085的优先权,该临时申请的全部公开内容在此通过引用并入。
发明领域
本发明涉及应用壳-核式(core-in-shell)热交换器在运动环境中液化天然气的***和方法。
发明背景
天然的天然气在可以经济输送之前必须浓缩。近几年因天然气的环保、清洁燃烧特性,对其使用已经显著增加。燃烧天然气产生的二氧化碳比任何其它化石燃料少,这很重要,因为二氧化碳排放已被确认为造成温室效应的明显因素。随着对环境问题增加的关注,液化天然气(LNG)可能越来越多地用在人口密集的城区。
全世界有丰富的天然气储备。许多这些气体贮备位于陆路不可到达的近海,在现有技术应用的基础上被认为是被隔离的气体贮备。气体现有技术储备比油储备更快得到补充,这使得应用LNG更重要以满足未来能耗的需求。液态LNG所占据的空间比气相天然气少600倍。由于世界上许多区域因技术、经济或政治限制而不能通过管道到达,将LNG处理装置近海安置并采用海上轮船以将近海LNG从处理装置直接输送到输送轮船可减少初始资产花费,并使若非如此不经济的近海气体储备释放。
浮动液化装置是陆上液化装置的近海替代方案,也是被隔离的近海贮 备所用昂贵海底管道的替代方案。浮动液化装置可以在近海停泊,或靠近气体区域停泊,或停在气体区域。它也代表可移动资产,当该气体区域接近其产出周期结束时,或当经济、环境或政策条件要求时,它可以重新安置在新地点。
浮动液化装置遇到的一个问题是气化流体在热交换器内部晃荡。在热交换器内晃荡可能导致产生力,而这可以影响热交换器的稳定性和控制。如果允许气化流体在热交换器的壳内自由晃荡,运动的流体可以不利影响热交换器管(heat exchange core)的热效应。此外,运动的周期性可能导致传热效率的周期行为,由此可能影响LNG液化装置的工艺条件。这些不稳定性可能导致更差的整体装置性能,并可能导致更窄的操作底线和对可得生产能力的限制。
因此需要在运动环境中液化天然气的***和方法。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***包括:(a)分离容器,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板,分离容器分离高压制冷剂流,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;(b)气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;(c)至少一个外热交换器核,其中外热交换器核在釜(kettle)的外部,液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流,其中冷却工艺流被输送到外热交换器核外的位置;和(e)部分气化制冷剂管,用于将部分气化制冷剂从外热交换器核输送到分离容器,其中部分气化制冷剂管提供最小压降,部分气化制冷剂管确保热虹吸效应得到维持。
在另一实施方案中,在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***包括:(a)分离容器,其中分离容器分离制冷剂流,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;(b)气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;(c)至少一个外热交换器核,其中液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流 在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流;和(d)部分气化制冷剂管,用于将部分气化制冷剂从外热交换器核输送到分离容器。
在另一实施方案中,在运动环境中液化天然气的方法包括:(a)将制冷剂引入分离容器内,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板;(b)将液体制冷剂流引到外热交换器核底部附近;(c)将更热的工艺流引入外热交换器核内在液体制冷剂流上方的位置;(d)经由与液体制冷剂流间接热交换冷却更热的工艺流,由此产生冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;(e)从外热交换器核移出冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;(f)将部分气化制冷剂流输送到分离容器;和(g)将冷却工艺流输送到外热交换器核外的位置。
在另一实施方案中,在运动环境中液化天然气的方法包括:(a)将制冷剂引入分离容器内,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;(b)将液体制冷剂流引到外热交换器核底部附近;(c)将更热的工艺流引入外热交换器核内在液体制冷剂流上方的位置;(d)经由与外热交换器核内液体制冷剂流间接热交换冷却更热的工艺流,由此产生冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;和(e)从外热交换器核移出冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图的详述部分可以最好地理解本发明及其进一步的优点:
图1是根据本发明一个实施方案涉及外热交换器核的分离容器的示意图。
图2是根据本发明一个实施方案涉及多个外热交换器核的分离容器的示意图。
发明详述
现在详细提及本发明的实施方案,其一个或多个实施例示于附图。每 个实施例提供用来解释本发明,而不是限制本发明。对本领域技术人员显而易见的是在不偏离本发明范围或精神下可以对本发明做各种修改和变化。例如,作为一个实施方案的部分所示或所述的特征可以用在另一实施方案中以形成又一实施方案。因此,本发明意在覆盖在所附权利要求和其等同方案内的这种修改和变化。
壳-核式热交换器的主要设计提供热工艺进料流与更冷气化流体的交叉交换。气化流体停留在压力容器中,纤焊铝紧凑交换器核安装在此并完全浸没在处于其沸点或接近其沸点的气化流体中。液体被吸到交换器的底面,在此它接触核内更热的表面。气化流体于是通过交换器核通道传热。大部分的传热来自于气化流体气化的潜热。进料流在其通过交换器核中通道相反侧时被冷却或冷凝。
壳-核式热交换器的热和水力学性能取决于交换器中的液位。气化流体循环到交换器核内的主要驱动力是热虹吸效应。热虹吸效应是自然热对流力引起的被动的流体传递现象。流体气化发生时,流体被加热,流体密度下降。当它在通道中自然向上流动时,新鲜液体被吸入。这导致气化流体受核内的热梯度引导而循环进核通道内。通道中不是所有液体都气化,通常液体和气体的混合物向上输送通过交换器核通道,并通过核顶排出。核上方必须为气体和液体提供足够空间以分离,以使仅气体离开核的壳侧的顶部段。在交换器上段分离的液体接着循环到容器底部,在此它在核中接着气化。在壳-核式热交换器上段分离液体和气体的驱动力是重力。
核内的热虹吸效应被核内有效液位与核外液位之间的外水力压力(液位差)增强或减弱。当壳中的液位下降,用于将液体转移到交换器核内的驱动力减小,有效传热减少。当液位下降到核以下时,气化流体循环停止,其原因是热虹吸效应损失,其导致传热损失。如果热交换器以高于核的液位运行,即溢流(flooded),所转移的热进一步被损害,因为核中产生的气体不得不克服额外的压头以从核中逸出。
为减少对保持壳内必要液位的担忧,从壳中移出纤焊铝紧凑交换器 核。图1描绘与釜/分离容器42连接的外热交换器核50的示例性构造。
至少部分高压液体制冷剂流经由管道2离开LNG设施,已先前冷凝,并输送到膨胀装置(图示为膨胀阀40),在此流压力下降,由此产生管道4中的膨胀制冷剂部分。膨胀阀40可以用作控制阀来控制分离容器42中的液位。至少部分的膨胀制冷剂流被引入分离容器42,由此产生管道6中的气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流。在实施方案中,分离容器包括运动抑制挡板以减少液体晃荡。运动抑制挡板52可以水平设置、垂直设置或其组合方式设置。分离容器内的液面应检测和控制。分离容器也可以装配堰板以确保液体在容器中的最小液位处得以维持。
部分液体制冷剂流经由液体制冷剂管8被引入到外热交换器核50的底部内。较热的工艺流经由管道12也被引入到外热交换器核50内,由此较热的工艺流经由与液体制冷剂流间接热交换而冷却,从而产生冷却工艺流和部分气化液体制冷剂流。
部分气化液体制冷剂流经由管道16再循环到分离容器内。控制气化量以确保适当的气体分散,并且两相流动态保持在分散区域。控制管子尺寸和距离以确保最小压降,并保持热虹吸效应。管道中的压降越高,分离容器中的液位必须保持得越高,以确保向外热交换器核的流动得以维持。分离容器内部分气化液体制冷剂输送管道上方提供适当的气体分离空间,以确保再循环流保持分离。
液体制冷剂流的其余部分输送到膨胀装置(图示为膨胀阀48),在此该流压力下降,由此产生管道18中的制冷剂溢流,其可用在后续制冷的低压级。
外热交换器核相对于其它下游工艺的定位设计灵活性和对于单个分离容器可以处理多个外热交换器核。例如,图2示出分离容器与多个外热交换器核连接的若干个构造。
交换器配置在分离容器外部还提供省去下游制冷剂压缩机洗涤器的好处,因为压力容器可以充当制冷剂分离容器和压缩机抽吸洗涤器。
为使分离容器42的尺寸最小,可以安装内构件如叶片除雾器、网垫(mesh pad)或旋流式叶片除雾器来使分离容器42的尺寸最小。
最后应该提到:对任何参考文献的讨论不是承认它是本发明的现有技术,尤其是公开日可能在本申请优先权日之后的任何参考文献。同时,以下每一项权利要求在此引入本申请的详述部分或说明书作为本发明的其它实施方案。
虽然已经详细描述本文所述的***和方法,但应该理解在不脱离如下面权利要求所限定的本发明精神和范围下可以做各种变化、替换和改变。本领域技术人员能够研究优选实施方案并确认本文没有准确描述的其它方式来实施本发明。本发明人的意图是本发明的变化和等同方案都在权利要求的范围内,而说明书、摘要和附图并不用来限制本发明的范围。本发明具体意在像下面权利要求及其等同方案一样的宽。
参考文献
本文引用的所有参考文献通过引用明确并入。对任何参考文献的讨论不是承认它是本发明的现有技术,尤其是公开日可能在本申请优先权日之后的任何参考文献。为方便起见引入的参考文献再次列表在此:
1.US6543210(Rostoucher;Peterschmitt;Vallat);"Cutting machine withimproved cutting mechanism"(2001)。
2.Lastname,F.,et al.,"Article title,"J.Abbr.2:23-4(2000)。

Claims (18)

1.一种在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***,包括:
a.分离容器,其用膨胀阀和输入管连接,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板,其中分离容器分离高压制冷剂流,所述高压制冷剂流在进入分离容器前通过膨胀阀,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;
b.气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;
c.至少一个外热交换器核,其中外热交换器核位于分离容器的外部,其中液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流,其中冷却工艺流被输送到外热交换器核外的位置;和
d.部分气化制冷剂管,用于将部分气化制冷剂从外热交换器核输送到分离容器,其中部分气化制冷剂管确保热虹吸效应得到维持。
2.根据权利要求1的***,其中运动抑制挡板水平设置。
3.根据权利要求1的***,其中运动抑制挡板垂直设置。
4.根据权利要求1的***,其中运动抑制挡板水平和垂直设置。
5.一种在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***,包括:
a.分离容器,其用膨胀阀和输入管连接,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板,其中分离容器分离高压制冷剂流,所述高压制冷剂流在进入分离容器前通过膨胀阀,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;
b.气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;
c.至少一个外热交换器核,其中液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流;和
d.部分气化制冷剂管,用于将部分气化制冷剂从外热交换器核输送到分离容器。
6.根据权利要求5的***,其中制冷剂流被作为高压液体制冷剂输送到分离容器。
7.根据权利要求5的***,其中运动抑制挡板水平设置。
8.根据权利要求5的***,其中运动抑制挡板垂直设置。
9.根据权利要求5的***,其中运动抑制挡板水平和垂直设置。
10.根据权利要求6的***,其中部分气化制冷剂管确保热虹吸效应得到维持。
11.根据权利要求6的***,其中冷却工艺流被输送到外热交换器核外的位置。
12.一种在运动环境中液化天然气的方法,包括:
a.在用膨胀阀膨胀制冷剂后将制冷剂引入分离容器内,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板;
b.将液体制冷剂流引到外热交换器核底部附近;
c.将更热的工艺流引入外热交换器核内在液体制冷剂流上方的位置;
d.经由与液体制冷剂流间接热交换冷却更热的工艺流,由此产生冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;
e.从外热交换器核移出冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;
f.将部分气化制冷剂流输送到分离容器;和
g.将冷却工艺流输送到外热交换器核外的位置。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中运动抑制挡板水平设置。
14.根据权利要求12的方法,其中运动抑制挡板水平和垂直设置。
15.一种在运动环境中液化天然气的方法,包括:
a.在用膨胀阀膨胀制冷剂后将制冷剂引入分离容器内,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板;
b.将液体制冷剂流引到外热交换器核底部附近;
c.将更热的工艺流引入外热交换器核内在液体制冷剂流上方的位置;
d.经由与外热交换器核内的液体制冷剂流间接热交换冷却更热的工艺流,由此产生冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;
e.从外热交换器核移出冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;和
f.将部分气化制冷剂流输送到分离容器。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其中运动抑制挡板垂直设置。
17.根据权利要求15的方法,其中运动抑制挡板水平设置。
18.根据权利要求15的方法,其中运动抑制挡板水平和垂直设置。
CN201280063729.2A 2011-12-20 2012-12-19 运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***和方法 Expired - Fee Related CN104011487B (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161578085P 2011-12-20 2011-12-20
US61/578,085 2011-12-20
PCT/US2012/070647 WO2013096464A1 (en) 2011-12-20 2012-12-19 Liquefying natural gas in a motion environment

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN104011487A CN104011487A (zh) 2014-08-27
CN104011487B true CN104011487B (zh) 2017-03-01

Family

ID=48653241

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201280063729.2A Expired - Fee Related CN104011487B (zh) 2011-12-20 2012-12-19 运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***和方法

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20130160487A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2795214A4 (zh)
JP (1) JP2015506454A (zh)
CN (1) CN104011487B (zh)
AP (1) AP2014007703A0 (zh)
AU (1) AU2012359032A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2620310C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO2013096464A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2941608C (en) * 2014-03-07 2021-10-12 Conocophillips Company Heat exchanger system with mono-cyclone inline separator
US10378837B2 (en) 2014-05-01 2019-08-13 Conocophillips Company Liquid drains in core-in-shell heat exchanger
CN106024074A (zh) * 2016-05-11 2016-10-12 中广核研究院有限公司 抑制液面晃荡的核电厂稳压器
CN105957565B (zh) * 2016-06-23 2018-05-29 中广核研究院有限公司 抑压水池及具有该抑压水池的安全壳
CN114777412B (zh) * 2022-04-01 2023-03-24 中国科学院理化技术研究所 一种具有热虹吸式氢过冷器的氢气液化装置

Family Cites Families (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US436003A (en) * 1890-09-09 Process of circulating liquefied refrigerating agents
BE639176A (zh) * 1962-11-22
DE2438443C2 (de) * 1974-08-09 1984-01-26 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden Verfahren zum Verflüssigen von Erdgas
JPS5733298A (en) * 1980-07-31 1982-02-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Liquefaction/recovery device for evaporated gas in ship's tank
US4445916A (en) * 1982-08-30 1984-05-01 Newton Charles L Process for liquefying methane
FR2545589B1 (fr) * 1983-05-06 1985-08-30 Technip Cie Procede et appareil de refroidissement et liquefaction d'au moins un gaz a bas point d'ebullition, tel que par exemple du gaz naturel
JPH0133985Y2 (zh) * 1984-09-25 1989-10-16
JPH06299174A (ja) * 1992-07-24 1994-10-25 Chiyoda Corp 天然ガス液化プロセスに於けるプロパン系冷媒を用いた冷却装置
JPH06159928A (ja) * 1992-11-20 1994-06-07 Chiyoda Corp 天然ガス液化方法
JP3320934B2 (ja) * 1994-12-09 2002-09-03 株式会社神戸製鋼所 ガスの液化方法
EP0723125B1 (en) * 1994-12-09 2001-10-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho Gas liquefying method and plant
MY117899A (en) * 1995-06-23 2004-08-30 Shell Int Research Method of liquefying and treating a natural gas.
JPH11244671A (ja) * 1998-02-27 1999-09-14 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd 原油処理用中空糸膜モジュールならびにこれを用いた原油処理方法および原油処理装置
TW421704B (en) * 1998-11-18 2001-02-11 Shell Internattonale Res Mij B Plant for liquefying natural gas
MY122625A (en) * 1999-12-17 2006-04-29 Exxonmobil Upstream Res Co Process for making pressurized liquefied natural gas from pressured natural gas using expansion cooling
US6220287B1 (en) * 2000-02-03 2001-04-24 The Boeing Company Baffle for suppressing slosh in a tank and a tank for incorporating same
WO2001088447A1 (en) * 2000-05-18 2001-11-22 Phillips Petroleum Company Enhanced ngl recovery utilizing refrigeration and reflux from lng plants
KR20040015294A (ko) * 2001-06-29 2004-02-18 엑손모빌 업스트림 리서치 캄파니 메탄 풍부한 가압 액체 혼합물로부터 에탄 및 중질탄화수소를 회수하는 방법
JP5605977B2 (ja) * 2004-06-23 2014-10-15 エクソンモービル アップストリーム リサーチ カンパニー 混合冷媒液化方法
US7469651B2 (en) * 2004-07-02 2008-12-30 Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company Lng sloshing impact reduction system
ES2630362T3 (es) * 2004-08-06 2017-08-21 Bp Corporation North America Inc Procedimiento de licuefacción de gas natural
AU2007324597B2 (en) * 2006-11-22 2010-09-09 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and apparatus for providing uniformity of vapour and liquid phases in a mixed stream
WO2009063092A2 (en) * 2007-11-16 2009-05-22 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Method and apparatus for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream and floating vessel or offshore platform comprising the same
US20090139263A1 (en) * 2007-12-04 2009-06-04 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Thermosyphon reboiler for the denitrogenation of liquid natural gas
CN101883715B (zh) * 2007-12-04 2013-04-17 三星重工业株式会社 用于lng货舱的防晃结构
US10780955B2 (en) * 2008-06-20 2020-09-22 Seaone Holdings, Llc Comprehensive system for the storage and transportation of natural gas in a light hydrocarbon liquid medium
RU2382301C1 (ru) * 2008-10-20 2010-02-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский и проектный институт по переработке газа" ОАО "НИПИгазпереработка" Установка низкотемпературного разделения углеводородного газа
FR2943683B1 (fr) * 2009-03-25 2012-12-14 Technip France Procede de traitement d'un gaz naturel de charge pour obtenir un gaz naturel traite et une coupe d'hydrocarbures en c5+, et installation associee
FR2944523B1 (fr) * 2009-04-21 2011-08-26 Technip France Procede de production d'un courant riche en methane et d'une coupe riche en hydrocarbures en c2+ a partir d'un courant de gaz naturel de charge, et installation associee
US20100281915A1 (en) * 2009-05-05 2010-11-11 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Pre-Cooled Liquefaction Process
EA021899B1 (ru) * 2010-07-30 2015-09-30 Эксонмобил Апстрим Рисерч Компани Криогенная система для удаления кислых газов из потока газообразного углеводорода с использованием разделительных устройств с параллельным потоком

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2012359032A1 (en) 2014-07-03
RU2014129588A (ru) 2016-02-20
US20130160487A1 (en) 2013-06-27
JP2015506454A (ja) 2015-03-02
CN104011487A (zh) 2014-08-27
EP2795214A4 (en) 2016-01-06
EP2795214A1 (en) 2014-10-29
AP2014007703A0 (en) 2014-06-30
RU2620310C2 (ru) 2017-05-24
WO2013096464A1 (en) 2013-06-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN104011487B (zh) 运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***和方法
CN104024783B (zh) 用于抑制芯壳式热交换器中的晃动的内部挡板
CN101495795B (zh) 使液体流气化的方法和设备
CN100523654C (zh) 一种船舶发动机排气余热驱动的船用氨水吸收制冷机
CN108369061A (zh) 使用液化氮从液化天然气中分离氮的方法和***
US20180038555A1 (en) Floating Liquefied Natural Gas Pretreatment System
CN102977910B (zh) 一种轻烃回收***及方法
AU2018203513B2 (en) A barge for and method of water cooling an lng production plant
CA2942710C (en) Weather-vaning air-cooled heat exchangers
CN104024776B (zh) 用于减小在芯壳式热交换器中的运动的影响的方法和装置
CN106839650A (zh) 天然气油气回收***及工艺
CN207024992U (zh) 一种冷凝法油气回收用冷箱
KR101751830B1 (ko) 천연가스 분류장치를 포함하는 부유식 해상 구조물
UA44018A (uk) Спосіб утилізації аміаку з продувних та танкових газів

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
C10 Entry into substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20170301

Termination date: 20171219