CN104011487B - 运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***和方法 - Google Patents
运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在一个实施方案中,在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***包括:(a)分离容器,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板,分离容器分离高压制冷剂流,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;(b)气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;(c)至少一个外热交换器核,其中外热交换器核在釜的外部,液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求按照35U.S.C.119(e)节的2011年12月20日提交的美国临时专利申请序列号61/578,085的优先权,该临时申请的全部公开内容在此通过引用并入。
发明领域
本发明涉及应用壳-核式(core-in-shell)热交换器在运动环境中液化天然气的***和方法。
发明背景
天然的天然气在可以经济输送之前必须浓缩。近几年因天然气的环保、清洁燃烧特性,对其使用已经显著增加。燃烧天然气产生的二氧化碳比任何其它化石燃料少,这很重要,因为二氧化碳排放已被确认为造成温室效应的明显因素。随着对环境问题增加的关注,液化天然气(LNG)可能越来越多地用在人口密集的城区。
全世界有丰富的天然气储备。许多这些气体贮备位于陆路不可到达的近海,在现有技术应用的基础上被认为是被隔离的气体贮备。气体现有技术储备比油储备更快得到补充,这使得应用LNG更重要以满足未来能耗的需求。液态LNG所占据的空间比气相天然气少600倍。由于世界上许多区域因技术、经济或政治限制而不能通过管道到达,将LNG处理装置近海安置并采用海上轮船以将近海LNG从处理装置直接输送到输送轮船可减少初始资产花费,并使若非如此不经济的近海气体储备释放。
浮动液化装置是陆上液化装置的近海替代方案,也是被隔离的近海贮 备所用昂贵海底管道的替代方案。浮动液化装置可以在近海停泊,或靠近气体区域停泊,或停在气体区域。它也代表可移动资产,当该气体区域接近其产出周期结束时,或当经济、环境或政策条件要求时,它可以重新安置在新地点。
浮动液化装置遇到的一个问题是气化流体在热交换器内部晃荡。在热交换器内晃荡可能导致产生力,而这可以影响热交换器的稳定性和控制。如果允许气化流体在热交换器的壳内自由晃荡,运动的流体可以不利影响热交换器管(heat exchange core)的热效应。此外,运动的周期性可能导致传热效率的周期行为,由此可能影响LNG液化装置的工艺条件。这些不稳定性可能导致更差的整体装置性能,并可能导致更窄的操作底线和对可得生产能力的限制。
因此需要在运动环境中液化天然气的***和方法。
发明内容
在一个实施方案中,在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***包括:(a)分离容器,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板,分离容器分离高压制冷剂流,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;(b)气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;(c)至少一个外热交换器核,其中外热交换器核在釜(kettle)的外部,液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流,其中冷却工艺流被输送到外热交换器核外的位置;和(e)部分气化制冷剂管,用于将部分气化制冷剂从外热交换器核输送到分离容器,其中部分气化制冷剂管提供最小压降,部分气化制冷剂管确保热虹吸效应得到维持。
在另一实施方案中,在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***包括:(a)分离容器,其中分离容器分离制冷剂流,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;(b)气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;(c)至少一个外热交换器核,其中液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流 在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流;和(d)部分气化制冷剂管,用于将部分气化制冷剂从外热交换器核输送到分离容器。
在另一实施方案中,在运动环境中液化天然气的方法包括:(a)将制冷剂引入分离容器内,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板;(b)将液体制冷剂流引到外热交换器核底部附近;(c)将更热的工艺流引入外热交换器核内在液体制冷剂流上方的位置;(d)经由与液体制冷剂流间接热交换冷却更热的工艺流,由此产生冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;(e)从外热交换器核移出冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;(f)将部分气化制冷剂流输送到分离容器;和(g)将冷却工艺流输送到外热交换器核外的位置。
在另一实施方案中,在运动环境中液化天然气的方法包括:(a)将制冷剂引入分离容器内,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;(b)将液体制冷剂流引到外热交换器核底部附近;(c)将更热的工艺流引入外热交换器核内在液体制冷剂流上方的位置;(d)经由与外热交换器核内液体制冷剂流间接热交换冷却更热的工艺流,由此产生冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;和(e)从外热交换器核移出冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图的详述部分可以最好地理解本发明及其进一步的优点:
图1是根据本发明一个实施方案涉及外热交换器核的分离容器的示意图。
图2是根据本发明一个实施方案涉及多个外热交换器核的分离容器的示意图。
发明详述
现在详细提及本发明的实施方案,其一个或多个实施例示于附图。每 个实施例提供用来解释本发明,而不是限制本发明。对本领域技术人员显而易见的是在不偏离本发明范围或精神下可以对本发明做各种修改和变化。例如,作为一个实施方案的部分所示或所述的特征可以用在另一实施方案中以形成又一实施方案。因此,本发明意在覆盖在所附权利要求和其等同方案内的这种修改和变化。
壳-核式热交换器的主要设计提供热工艺进料流与更冷气化流体的交叉交换。气化流体停留在压力容器中,纤焊铝紧凑交换器核安装在此并完全浸没在处于其沸点或接近其沸点的气化流体中。液体被吸到交换器的底面,在此它接触核内更热的表面。气化流体于是通过交换器核通道传热。大部分的传热来自于气化流体气化的潜热。进料流在其通过交换器核中通道相反侧时被冷却或冷凝。
壳-核式热交换器的热和水力学性能取决于交换器中的液位。气化流体循环到交换器核内的主要驱动力是热虹吸效应。热虹吸效应是自然热对流力引起的被动的流体传递现象。流体气化发生时,流体被加热,流体密度下降。当它在通道中自然向上流动时,新鲜液体被吸入。这导致气化流体受核内的热梯度引导而循环进核通道内。通道中不是所有液体都气化,通常液体和气体的混合物向上输送通过交换器核通道,并通过核顶排出。核上方必须为气体和液体提供足够空间以分离,以使仅气体离开核的壳侧的顶部段。在交换器上段分离的液体接着循环到容器底部,在此它在核中接着气化。在壳-核式热交换器上段分离液体和气体的驱动力是重力。
核内的热虹吸效应被核内有效液位与核外液位之间的外水力压力(液位差)增强或减弱。当壳中的液位下降,用于将液体转移到交换器核内的驱动力减小,有效传热减少。当液位下降到核以下时,气化流体循环停止,其原因是热虹吸效应损失,其导致传热损失。如果热交换器以高于核的液位运行,即溢流(flooded),所转移的热进一步被损害,因为核中产生的气体不得不克服额外的压头以从核中逸出。
为减少对保持壳内必要液位的担忧,从壳中移出纤焊铝紧凑交换器 核。图1描绘与釜/分离容器42连接的外热交换器核50的示例性构造。
至少部分高压液体制冷剂流经由管道2离开LNG设施,已先前冷凝,并输送到膨胀装置(图示为膨胀阀40),在此流压力下降,由此产生管道4中的膨胀制冷剂部分。膨胀阀40可以用作控制阀来控制分离容器42中的液位。至少部分的膨胀制冷剂流被引入分离容器42,由此产生管道6中的气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流。在实施方案中,分离容器包括运动抑制挡板以减少液体晃荡。运动抑制挡板52可以水平设置、垂直设置或其组合方式设置。分离容器内的液面应检测和控制。分离容器也可以装配堰板以确保液体在容器中的最小液位处得以维持。
部分液体制冷剂流经由液体制冷剂管8被引入到外热交换器核50的底部内。较热的工艺流经由管道12也被引入到外热交换器核50内,由此较热的工艺流经由与液体制冷剂流间接热交换而冷却,从而产生冷却工艺流和部分气化液体制冷剂流。
部分气化液体制冷剂流经由管道16再循环到分离容器内。控制气化量以确保适当的气体分散,并且两相流动态保持在分散区域。控制管子尺寸和距离以确保最小压降,并保持热虹吸效应。管道中的压降越高,分离容器中的液位必须保持得越高,以确保向外热交换器核的流动得以维持。分离容器内部分气化液体制冷剂输送管道上方提供适当的气体分离空间,以确保再循环流保持分离。
液体制冷剂流的其余部分输送到膨胀装置(图示为膨胀阀48),在此该流压力下降,由此产生管道18中的制冷剂溢流,其可用在后续制冷的低压级。
外热交换器核相对于其它下游工艺的定位设计灵活性和对于单个分离容器可以处理多个外热交换器核。例如,图2示出分离容器与多个外热交换器核连接的若干个构造。
交换器配置在分离容器外部还提供省去下游制冷剂压缩机洗涤器的好处,因为压力容器可以充当制冷剂分离容器和压缩机抽吸洗涤器。
为使分离容器42的尺寸最小,可以安装内构件如叶片除雾器、网垫(mesh pad)或旋流式叶片除雾器来使分离容器42的尺寸最小。
最后应该提到:对任何参考文献的讨论不是承认它是本发明的现有技术,尤其是公开日可能在本申请优先权日之后的任何参考文献。同时,以下每一项权利要求在此引入本申请的详述部分或说明书作为本发明的其它实施方案。
虽然已经详细描述本文所述的***和方法,但应该理解在不脱离如下面权利要求所限定的本发明精神和范围下可以做各种变化、替换和改变。本领域技术人员能够研究优选实施方案并确认本文没有准确描述的其它方式来实施本发明。本发明人的意图是本发明的变化和等同方案都在权利要求的范围内,而说明书、摘要和附图并不用来限制本发明的范围。本发明具体意在像下面权利要求及其等同方案一样的宽。
参考文献
本文引用的所有参考文献通过引用明确并入。对任何参考文献的讨论不是承认它是本发明的现有技术,尤其是公开日可能在本申请优先权日之后的任何参考文献。为方便起见引入的参考文献再次列表在此:
1.US6543210(Rostoucher;Peterschmitt;Vallat);"Cutting machine withimproved cutting mechanism"(2001)。
2.Lastname,F.,et al.,"Article title,"J.Abbr.2:23-4(2000)。
Claims (18)
1.一种在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***,包括:
a.分离容器,其用膨胀阀和输入管连接,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板,其中分离容器分离高压制冷剂流,所述高压制冷剂流在进入分离容器前通过膨胀阀,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;
b.气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;
c.至少一个外热交换器核,其中外热交换器核位于分离容器的外部,其中液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流,其中冷却工艺流被输送到外热交换器核外的位置;和
d.部分气化制冷剂管,用于将部分气化制冷剂从外热交换器核输送到分离容器,其中部分气化制冷剂管确保热虹吸效应得到维持。
2.根据权利要求1的***,其中运动抑制挡板水平设置。
3.根据权利要求1的***,其中运动抑制挡板垂直设置。
4.根据权利要求1的***,其中运动抑制挡板水平和垂直设置。
5.一种在运动环境中冷却或液化工艺气体的***,包括:
a.分离容器,其用膨胀阀和输入管连接,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板,其中分离容器分离高压制冷剂流,所述高压制冷剂流在进入分离容器前通过膨胀阀,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流;
b.气液制冷剂管,用于将液体制冷剂流从分离容器输送到外热交换器核;
c.至少一个外热交换器核,其中液体制冷剂流与更热的工艺流在外热交换器核中经历间接热交换,由此产生冷却工艺流和气化制冷剂流;和
d.部分气化制冷剂管,用于将部分气化制冷剂从外热交换器核输送到分离容器。
6.根据权利要求5的***,其中制冷剂流被作为高压液体制冷剂输送到分离容器。
7.根据权利要求5的***,其中运动抑制挡板水平设置。
8.根据权利要求5的***,其中运动抑制挡板垂直设置。
9.根据权利要求5的***,其中运动抑制挡板水平和垂直设置。
10.根据权利要求6的***,其中部分气化制冷剂管确保热虹吸效应得到维持。
11.根据权利要求6的***,其中冷却工艺流被输送到外热交换器核外的位置。
12.一种在运动环境中液化天然气的方法,包括:
a.在用膨胀阀膨胀制冷剂后将制冷剂引入分离容器内,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板;
b.将液体制冷剂流引到外热交换器核底部附近;
c.将更热的工艺流引入外热交换器核内在液体制冷剂流上方的位置;
d.经由与液体制冷剂流间接热交换冷却更热的工艺流,由此产生冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;
e.从外热交换器核移出冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;
f.将部分气化制冷剂流输送到分离容器;和
g.将冷却工艺流输送到外热交换器核外的位置。
13.根据权利要求12的方法,其中运动抑制挡板水平设置。
14.根据权利要求12的方法,其中运动抑制挡板水平和垂直设置。
15.一种在运动环境中液化天然气的方法,包括:
a.在用膨胀阀膨胀制冷剂后将制冷剂引入分离容器内,由此产生气体制冷剂流和液体制冷剂流,其中分离容器包括运动抑制挡板;
b.将液体制冷剂流引到外热交换器核底部附近;
c.将更热的工艺流引入外热交换器核内在液体制冷剂流上方的位置;
d.经由与外热交换器核内的液体制冷剂流间接热交换冷却更热的工艺流,由此产生冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;
e.从外热交换器核移出冷却工艺流和部分气化制冷剂流;和
f.将部分气化制冷剂流输送到分离容器。
16.根据权利要求15的方法,其中运动抑制挡板垂直设置。
17.根据权利要求15的方法,其中运动抑制挡板水平设置。
18.根据权利要求15的方法,其中运动抑制挡板水平和垂直设置。
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PCT/US2012/070647 WO2013096464A1 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2012-12-19 | Liquefying natural gas in a motion environment |
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CN105957565B (zh) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-05-29 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | 抑压水池及具有该抑压水池的安全壳 |
CN114777412B (zh) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-03-24 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 一种具有热虹吸式氢过冷器的氢气液化装置 |
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