CN104009229A - Lithium iron phosphate with controllable morphology and preparation method of lithium iron phosphate - Google Patents
Lithium iron phosphate with controllable morphology and preparation method of lithium iron phosphate Download PDFInfo
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- CN104009229A CN104009229A CN201410215299.2A CN201410215299A CN104009229A CN 104009229 A CN104009229 A CN 104009229A CN 201410215299 A CN201410215299 A CN 201410215299A CN 104009229 A CN104009229 A CN 104009229A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses lithium iron phosphate with a controllable morphology and a preparation method of lithium iron phosphate. The lithium iron phosphate is characterized in that the morphology of the lithium iron phosphate can be controlled by a control agent; lithium iron phosphate particles with fibroid, flake and spherical morphologies and significant topographic characteristics are obtained by inhibiting and reducing the growth speeds of the lithium iron phosphate on different crystal faces. Furthermore, the preparation method comprises the following steps: plastifying and homogenizing materials by adopting two-stage reaction of a dynamic mill type screw reactor; carrying out crystallization reaction and shearing carbonization, thereby finally obtaining the lithium iron phosphate particles with different morphologies. The lithium iron phosphate obtained by the preparation method is not only obvious in topographic characteristics, but also even and stable, and high in degree of crystallinity, and can achieve continuous controllable production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy storage serondary lithium battery Material Field, be specifically related to the controlled LiFePO4 of a kind of pattern with and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery olivine-type LiFePO
4positive electrode becomes study hotspot in recent years because having Stability Analysis of Structures, theoretical specific capacity compared with plurality of advantages such as high, raw material sources abundant, environmental friendliness.But the reversible specific capacity when electronic conductivity shortcoming low and that lithium ion diffusion coefficient is little being determined by this body structure of crystal makes its high power charging-discharging reduces, limited the large-scale commercial application of this material.At present, strengthen LiFePO
4the conductivity of material, the method that promotes its high current charge-discharge specific capacity mainly contain fine particles, carbon coated, doping metals.But in concrete manufacturing process, directly cause tap density to reduce because particle is meticulous, impact is used.And carbon coated and mix metal and adopt general solid phase method that powder is simply mixed exists bulky grain reactivity poor, be difficult to evenly coated and doping.Conventionally need the wet chemical technologies such as coprecipitation, sol-gal process evenly to mix on molecular level, but can reduce the theoretical capacity of material, and complex process, energy consumption are high, seriously polluted, be difficult to obtain the LiFePO4 of stable electrochemical property.
In order to make up existing deficiency of LiFePO4 being carried out to miniaturization, carbon coated, doping metals, the pattern while having occurred by control LiFePO4 secondary granulating promotes the chemical property of LiFePO4.As: nanometer fibrous LiFePO
4because its diameter is less, Li
+the evolving path of ion is also shorter, thereby can make anode material for lithium-ion batteries have good chemical property; Nano-sheet LiFePO
4because can reduce the axial thickness of nano particle b, shorten Li
+the evolving path of ion, optimizes Li
+the embedding of ion/de-embedding process; Spherical LiFePO
4nano particle, because mutual contact-making surface is little, is not prone to and reunites and arch formation, has interfacial free energy lower, and volume energy density is higher, and mobile performance is better, tap density advantages of higher; Bar-shaped LiFePO
4electrode have preferably than discharge capacity, under high-multiplying power discharge, can show good performance; Even by porous, improve LiFePO
4lithium ion migration effect.
Chinese invention patent CN102340002 B discloses a kind of lithium ion battery anode material lithium iron phosphate nanofiber and preparation method thereof, the method adopts electrostatic spinning technique, utilize macromolecule as template, LiFePO4 precursor liquid is formed to diameter 170-250nm, and length is greater than the fiber of 100 μ m.
Chinese invention patent CN102842716 A discloses a kind of preparation method of nano-scale lithium iron phosphate, the method is put into sealed reaction vessel by prepared homogeneous dispersion system, the reaction vessel of sealing is carried out to microwave heating, reaction, cooling, product is separated, through wash dry after calcining, obtain size at 100nm with interior nano-grade LiFePO4 monocrystal.
Chinese invention patent CN101638226B discloses a kind of preparation method of spherical LiFePO 4, and the method makes spherical-like ferric phosphate lithium become positive spherical LiFePO 4 by revolving burner rotary rolling.It has solved the problem that LiFePO4 tap density is low, conductance is low that the preparation method of existing LiFePO4 makes.
Chinese invention patent CN101794880B discloses a kind of preparation method of anode polyporous material of lithium ion cell, and the method utilizes atomization drying to obtain porous calcium phosphate ferrous lithium, and specific area increases, and porosity is high, has improved the de-embedding speed of Li+.
According to above-mentioned, by the pattern of lithium iron phosphate particles, control and can make the crystal face of LiFePO4 expose manyly, contribute to like this Li
+the Infix and desfix of ion, thus its diffusion coefficient improved.Especially special pattern to conductivity even tap density have obvious lifting.Yet at present for the pattern of controlling LiFePO4, complex process not only, it is large that pattern is controlled difficulty, and the uniformity of LiFePO4 that obtains different-shape is low, degree of crystallinity is low, shape characteristic is not obvious, causes voltage instability, and the LiFePO4 that especially different batches is produced exists larger difference.
Summary of the invention
During for prior art different-shape LiFePO4, have that the uniformity is low, degree of crystallinity is low, shape characteristic is not obvious, the defect of voltage instability, the invention provides the controlled LiFePO4 of a kind of pattern, thereby it is characterized in that the pattern of this LiFePO4 can be controlled and be obtained the significantly lithium iron phosphate particles of fibrous, sheet, spherical morphology of shape characteristic by controlling agent.Further the invention provides the preparation method of the controlled LiFePO4 of pattern, the dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor of the method utilization, by selecting different controlling agents, suppresses and weakens LiFePO4 in the speed of growth of different crystal faces, to realize LiFePO4 pattern controlled.
The LiFePO4 that a kind of pattern of the present invention is controlled, is characterized in that: initial feed and controlling agent by LiFePO4 form, and each component of composition is counted by weight:
LiFePO4 initial feed 95-100 part,
Controlling agent 0.5-1 part,
Thermoplastic starch 3-5 part,
Nitrogenous conjugated polymer 1-3 part,
Processing aid 0.2-0.5 part.
Wherein said LiFePO4 initial feed according to lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source in molar ratio Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mix, described lithium source is a kind of in lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide; Described source of iron is a kind of in ferric nitrate, ferrous acetate, iron chloride, frerrous chloride; Described phosphorus source is a kind of in diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
Described controlling agent can need choice for use according to pattern, wherein selects solubility magnesium salts as the controlling agent of fibrous LiFePO4; Select a kind of pattern controlling agent as flaky lithium iron phosphate in sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, ammonium oxalate; Select aerosil as the controlling agent of spherical LiFePO 4.
Described thermoplastic starch is starch that can thermoplastic processability by having of polyalcohol plasticising, possessing thermoplastic processability can assist LiFePO4 dynamic response in screw rod on the one hand, on the other hand, after thermoplastic starch high temperature cabonization, can be used as the conductive agent that LiFePO4 is good.
Described nitrogenous conjugated polymer is a kind of in polymer poly vinylcarbazole (PVK), polypyrrole (PPy) and the polyaniline (PAn) with satisfactory electrical conductivity, it not only can suppress ferrous iron and change to ferric iron, and be good conductive agent, and prevent that the LiFePO4 that has been shaped from reuniting.
Described processing aid is mainly lubricating auxiliary agent and selects a kind of in stearmide, ethylene bis stearamide, oleamide, erucyl amide, preferably oleamide.
The preparation method of the LiFePO4 that a kind of pattern of the present invention is controlled, each component forming according to above-mentioned raw materials is carried out following concrete preparation process by weight:
1) by the Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mixing in molar ratio of lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source, add appropriate cushioning liquid to be mixed and display 24h-48h;
2) by step 1) compound that obtains and thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer, controlling agent, processing aid input vertical shaft reflection-type atomizer, rotor speed control is at 1200-1500rpm, strong stirring 5-15min, control temperature at 80 ℃ ~ 120 ℃, by the dual crushing function of blade cuts and High-speed gas impacting, in blade cuts crushing process, rotor produces high velocity air with blade cuts direction rotation, makes thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer and the pre-reaction of LiFePO4 raw material;
3) by step 2) the pre-reaction material that obtains sends into abrasive disk type screw reactor, by the continuously dynamic thermoplastic extrusion of dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, under controlling agent effect, there is difference in the speed of growth of the different crystal faces of LiFePO4, crystal grain progressively forms and starts growth along different crystal orientations, successively homogenizing, crystallization reaction, shearing carbonization, finally forms the lithium iron phosphate particles of different-shape.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preparation process 1) described cushioning liquid is NH
3h
2o and NH
4the cushioning liquid that Cl forms, addition is as the criterion with complete moistening lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preparation process 2) described controlling agent can need choice for use according to pattern, wherein selects solubility magnesium salts as the controlling agent of fibrous LiFePO4, and solubility magnesium salts is due to Mg
2+inhibition, side direction, with monocrystalline form quick links growth, finally forms fibrous LiFePO4; Select a kind of pattern controlling agent as flaky lithium iron phosphate in sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, can suppress LiFePO4 in the axial growth of b, but finally form flaky lithium iron phosphate at ac two-dimensional directional Fast Growth; Select aerosil as the controlling agent of spherical LiFePO 4, its excellent isotropism lures that LiFePO4 evenly grows at three-dimensional into, finally forms spherical LiFePO 4.
In above-mentioned preparation method, preparation process 3) the two steps type flow reactor that described abrasive disk type screw reactor is comprised of kneading disk and screw rod, it is characterized in that core body is bored by kneading disk in the first rank and cone-shaped cavity relative rotary motion makes material plasticizing, homogenizing and crystallization reaction occurs, kneading disk rotating speed is controlled at 50-120rpm; At second-order, shear screw is set, it is characterized in that, the inwall of screw rod shearing cylinder is provided with trapezoidal thread groove, the lift angle of described trapezoidal thread groove is 45 degree to 90 degree, it is a kind of strong shearing force chemical reactor, material is sheared to carbonization, and screw host screw speed is arranged on 150-250rpm, and temperature is controlled at: a district 100-120 ℃; Two district 200-300 ℃; Three district 300-400 ℃, further, described barrel peripheral hardware having heaters and thermostat.
Prior art proves, shape characteristic during LiFePO4 secondary granulating can significantly promote the chemical property of LiFePO4.Yet in concrete preparation process, be no matter spray shaping or the precipitation method, hydro thermal method, the pattern of LiFePO4 is all difficult to control, or shape characteristic not obvious.The present invention can control LiFePO4 different crystal face speed of growth when the secondary granulating by different controlling agents, thereby obtains the lithium iron phosphate particles of fibrous, sheet, spherical morphology.Further, the present invention proposes and utilize dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor to prepare the controlled LiFePO4 of pattern, it utilizes two rank flow reactor, by thermoplasticity processing carrier, and making material plasticizing, homogenizing and crystallization reaction occur by the first rank kneading disk; At second-order, shear screw is set, by strong shearing, material is sheared to carbonization, finally obtained the lithium iron phosphate particles of different-shape.The LiFePO4 shape characteristic that this preparation method obtains is not only obvious, and uniform and stable, and degree of crystallinity is high, can realize controlled production continuously.
LiFePO4 that a kind of pattern of the present invention is controlled and preparation method thereof, compares with the technology of existing different-shape LiFePO4, and its outstanding feature is:
1, the present invention proposes the controlled LiFePO4 of a kind of pattern, it is characterized in that can controlling LiFePO4 in the speed of growth of different crystal faces by controlling agent, thus the lithium iron phosphate particles of acquisition different-shape.
2, the present invention proposes the preparation method of the controlled LiFePO4 of a kind of pattern, it is characterized in that by dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, utilize its pair of rank flow reactor, by thermoplasticity processing carrier, making material plasticizing, homogenizing and crystallization reaction occur by the first rank kneading disk; At second-order, shear screw is set, by strong shearing, material is sheared to carbonization, finally obtained the lithium iron phosphate particles of different-shape.The LiFePO4 shape characteristic that this preparation method obtains is not only obvious, and uniform and stable, and degree of crystallinity is high.
3, the present invention proposes the controlled LiFePO4 of a kind of pattern, can realize the production of the different-shape LiFePO4 of continous-stable, and equipment investment is low, and production efficiency is high, and whole manufacturing process non-pollution discharge is energy-efficient.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the SEM Electronic Speculum figure of gained sheet-like morphology lithium iron phosphate particles of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the SEM Electronic Speculum figure of gained fibrous morphology lithium iron phosphate particles of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the SEM Electronic Speculum figure of gained spherical morphology lithium iron phosphate particles of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following embodiment, is described in further detail foregoing of the present invention again.But this should be interpreted as to the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention only limits to following example.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, various replacements or the change according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, made, all should comprise within the scope of the invention.
embodiment 1
1) by the Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mixing in molar ratio of lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source, add appropriate cushioning liquid to be mixed and display 24h, described lithium source is lithium nitrate; Described source of iron is ferric nitrate; Described phosphorus source is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
2) by step 1) thermoplastic starch of 95 parts of the compound weight portions that obtain and 3 weight portions, the nitrogenous conjugated polymer Polyvinyl carbazole of 1 weight portion, the controlling agent ammonium oxalate of 0.5 weight portion, the processing and lubrication auxiliary agent of 0.5 weight portion, input vertical shaft reflection-type atomizer, rotor speed control is at 1200rpm, strong stirring 5min, control temperature at 80 ℃, by the dual crushing function of blade cuts and High-speed gas impacting, in blade cuts crushing process, rotor produces high velocity air with blade cuts direction rotation, make thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer and the pre-reaction of LiFePO4 raw material,
3) by step 2) the pre-reaction material that obtains sends into abrasive disk type screw reactor, by the continuously dynamic thermoplastic extrusion of dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, under controlling agent effect, there is difference in the speed of growth of the different crystal faces of LiFePO4, crystal grain progressively forms and prolongs different crystal orientations and starts growth, screw host screw speed is arranged on 150rpm, and temperature is controlled at: a district 100-120 ℃; Two district 200-300 ℃; Three district 300-400 ℃, successively homogenizing, crystallization reaction, shearing carbonization, finally forms the nano-grade lithium iron phosphate particle of sheet-like morphology.
As shown in Fig. 1, the sheet-like morphology LiFePO4 radial diameter that embodiment 1 obtains is evenly distributed between 0.5-1 μ m, and not only the uniformity is high, and radius-thickness ratio is large, and b is axial significantly to be shortened, Li
+the evolving path of ion shortens.
embodiment 2
1) by the Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mixing in molar ratio of lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source, add appropriate cushioning liquid to be mixed and display 48h, described lithium source is lithium hydroxide; Described source of iron is, ferrous acetate; Described phosphorus source is diammonium hydrogen phosphate;
2) by step 1) thermoplastic starch of 100 parts of the compound weight portions that obtain and 4 weight portions, the nitrogenous conjugated polymer polypyrrole of 2 weight portions, the controlling agent magnesium chloride of 1 weight portion, the processing and lubrication auxiliary agent of 0.5 weight portion, input vertical shaft reflection-type atomizer, rotor speed control is at 1500rpm, strong stirring 10min, control temperature at 80 ℃, by the dual crushing function of blade cuts and High-speed gas impacting, in blade cuts crushing process, rotor produces high velocity air with blade cuts direction rotation, make thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer and the pre-reaction of LiFePO4 raw material,
3) by step 2) the pre-reaction material that obtains sends into abrasive disk type screw reactor, by the continuously dynamic thermoplastic extrusion of dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, under controlling agent effect, there is difference in the speed of growth of the different crystal faces of LiFePO4, crystal grain progressively forms and prolongs different crystal orientations and starts growth, screw host screw speed is arranged on 200rpm, and temperature is controlled at: a district 100-120 ℃; Two district 200-300 ℃; Three district 300-400 ℃, successively homogenizing, crystallization reaction, shearing carbonization, finally forms the nano-grade lithium iron phosphate particle of fibrous morphology.
As shown in Fig. 2, assorted of the fibrous morphology LiFePO4 that embodiment 2 obtains is few, and fibre diameter is about 0.1 μ m, and between the about 5-10 of fibre length, draw ratio is high, and diameter is less, Li
+the evolving path of ion shortens.
embodiment 3
1) by the Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mixing in molar ratio of lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source, add appropriate cushioning liquid to be mixed and display 30h, described lithium source is lithium nitrate; Described source of iron is iron chloride; Described phosphorus source is diammonium hydrogen phosphate;
2) by step 1) thermoplastic starch of 98 parts of the compound weight portions that obtain and 5 weight portions, the nitrogenous Optical Conjugated Polymer Polyaniline of 3 weight portions, the controlling agent silicon dioxide of 0.5 weight portion, the processing and lubrication auxiliary agent of 0.3 weight portion, input vertical shaft reflection-type atomizer, rotor speed control is at 1200rpm, strong stirring 15min, control temperature at 120 ℃, by the dual crushing function of blade cuts and High-speed gas impacting, in blade cuts crushing process, rotor produces high velocity air with blade cuts direction rotation, make thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer and the pre-reaction of LiFePO4 raw material,
3) by step 2) the pre-reaction material that obtains sends into abrasive disk type screw reactor, by the continuously dynamic thermoplastic extrusion of dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, under controlling agent effect, there is difference in the speed of growth of the different crystal faces of LiFePO4, crystal grain progressively forms and prolongs different crystal orientations and starts growth, screw host screw speed is arranged on 150rpm, and temperature is controlled at: a district 100-120 ℃; Two district 200-300 ℃; Three district 300-400 ℃, successively homogenizing, crystallization reaction, shearing carbonization, finally forms the nano-grade lithium iron phosphate particle of spherical morphology.
As shown in Fig. 3, the spherical morphology LiFePO4 diameter that embodiment 3 obtains is evenly distributed between 200-250nm, and sphericity is round and smooth, and the uniformity is high.
embodiment 4
1) by the Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mixing in molar ratio of lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source, add appropriate cushioning liquid to be mixed and display 48h, described lithium source is lithium nitrate; Described source of iron is frerrous chloride; Described phosphorus source is ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
2) by step 1) thermoplastic starch of 96 parts of the compound weight portions that obtain and 4 weight portions, the nitrogenous conjugated polymer Polyvinyl carbazole of 1 weight portion, the controlling agent sodium oxalate of 0.5 weight portion, the processing and lubrication auxiliary agent of 0.2 weight portion, input vertical shaft reflection-type atomizer, rotor speed control is at 1500rpm, strong stirring 10min, control temperature at 100 ℃, by the dual crushing function of blade cuts and High-speed gas impacting, in blade cuts crushing process, rotor produces high velocity air with blade cuts direction rotation, make thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer and the pre-reaction of LiFePO4 raw material,
3) by step 2) the pre-reaction material that obtains sends into abrasive disk type screw reactor, by the continuously dynamic thermoplastic extrusion of dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, under controlling agent effect, there is difference in the speed of growth of the different crystal faces of LiFePO4, crystal grain progressively forms and prolongs different crystal orientations and starts growth, screw host screw speed is arranged on 150rpm, and temperature is controlled at: a district 100-120 ℃; Two district 200-300 ℃; Three district 300-400 ℃, successively homogenizing, crystallization reaction, shearing carbonization, finally forms the nano-grade lithium iron phosphate particle of sheet-like morphology.
The electrochemistry type performance of the sheet-like morphology LiFePO4 that embodiment 4 is obtained is tested, flaky lithium iron phosphate grain thickness 50-70nm, average grain diameter 1000nm, BET specific area 49.87m
2/ g, tap density 2.053g/cm
3; The first discharge specific capacity of sample under 0.5C, 1.0C, tri-multiplying powers of 10C is respectively 164.65mAh.g-1,162.91mAh.g-1,160.12mAh.g-1, has the conservation rate of higher specific discharge capacity.
embodiment 5
1) by the Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mixing in molar ratio of lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source, add appropriate cushioning liquid to be mixed and display 40h, described lithium source is lithium hydroxide; Described source of iron is ferric nitrate; Described phosphorus source is diammonium hydrogen phosphate;
2) by step 1) thermoplastic starch of 97 parts of the compound weight portions that obtain and 5 weight portions, the nitrogenous conjugated polymer Polyvinyl carbazole of 3 weight portions, the controlling agent silicon dioxide of 1 weight portion, the processing and lubrication auxiliary agent of 0.4 weight portion, input vertical shaft reflection-type atomizer, rotor speed control is at 1200rpm, strong stirring 5min, control temperature at 120 ℃, by the dual crushing function of blade cuts and High-speed gas impacting, in blade cuts crushing process, rotor produces high velocity air with blade cuts direction rotation, make thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer and the pre-reaction of LiFePO4 raw material,
3) by step 2) the pre-reaction material that obtains sends into abrasive disk type screw reactor, by the continuously dynamic thermoplastic extrusion of dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, under controlling agent effect, there is difference in the speed of growth of the different crystal faces of LiFePO4, crystal grain progressively forms and prolongs different crystal orientations and starts growth, screw host screw speed is arranged on 150rpm, and temperature is controlled at: a district 100-120 ℃; Two district 200-300 ℃; Three district 300-400 ℃, successively homogenizing, crystallization reaction, shearing carbonization, finally forms the nano-grade lithium iron phosphate particle of spherical morphology.
The performance of the spherical morphology lithium iron phosphate particles that embodiment 5 is obtained is tested, and its conductivity is better than 10
-4s/cm, the diffusion coefficient of lithium ion reaches 10
-10cm
2/ S, tap density 2.216g/cm
3.
Claims (5)
1. the controlled LiFePO4 of pattern, is characterized in that: initial feed and controlling agent by LiFePO4 form, and each component of composition is counted by weight:
LiFePO4 initial feed 95-100 part,
Controlling agent 0.5-1 part,
Thermoplastic starch 3-5 part,
Nitrogenous conjugated polymer 1-3 part,
Processing aid 0.2-0.5 part,
Wherein said LiFePO4 initial feed according to lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source in molar ratio Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mix, described lithium source is a kind of in lithium nitrate, lithium hydroxide; Described source of iron is a kind of in ferric nitrate, ferrous acetate, iron chloride, frerrous chloride; Described phosphorus source is a kind of in diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate; Described controlling agent can need choice for use according to pattern, wherein selects solubility magnesium salts as the controlling agent of fibrous LiFePO4; Select a kind of pattern controlling agent as flaky lithium iron phosphate in sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, ammonium oxalate; Select aerosil as the controlling agent of spherical LiFePO 4; Described thermoplastic starch is starch that can thermoplastic processability by having of polyalcohol plasticising; Described nitrogenous conjugated polymer is a kind of in Polyvinyl carbazole (PVK), polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PAn); Described processing aid is lubricating auxiliary agent.
2. the preparation method of the controlled LiFePO4 of a pattern, it is characterized in that: utilize dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, by selecting different controlling agents, suppress and weaken LiFePO4 in the speed of growth of different crystal faces, thereby obtain the lithium iron phosphate particles of fibrous, sheet, spherical morphology, according to each component of above-mentioned composition, carry out by weight following concrete preparation process:
1) by the Li:Fe:P=1:1:1 mixing in molar ratio of lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source, add appropriate cushioning liquid to be mixed and display 24h-48h;
2) by step 1) compound that obtains and thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer, controlling agent, processing aid input vertical shaft reflection-type atomizer, rotor speed control is at 1200-1500rpm, strong stirring 5-15min, control temperature at 80 ℃ ~ 120 ℃, by the dual crushing function of blade cuts and High-speed gas impacting, in blade cuts crushing process, rotor produces high velocity air with blade cuts direction rotation, makes thermoplastic starch, nitrogenous conjugated polymer and the pre-reaction of LiFePO4 raw material;
3) by step 2) the pre-reaction material that obtains sends into abrasive disk type screw reactor, by the continuously dynamic thermoplastic extrusion of dynamic abrasive disk type screw reactor, under controlling agent effect, there is difference in the speed of growth of the different crystal faces of LiFePO4, crystal grain progressively forms and starts growth along different crystal orientations, successively homogenizing, crystallization reaction, shearing carbonization, finally forms the lithium iron phosphate particles of different-shape.
3. the preparation method of the controlled LiFePO4 of a kind of pattern as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: preparation process 1) described cushioning liquid is NH
3h
2o and NH
4the cushioning liquid that Cl forms, addition is as the criterion with complete moistening lithium source, source of iron, phosphorus source.
4. the preparation method of the controlled LiFePO4 of a kind of pattern as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: preparation process 2) described controlling agent can need choice for use according to pattern, wherein select solubility magnesium salts as the controlling agent of fibrous LiFePO4, solubility magnesium salts is due to Mg
2+inhibition, side direction, with monocrystalline form quick links growth, finally forms fibrous LiFePO4; Select a kind of pattern controlling agent as flaky lithium iron phosphate in sodium oxalate, potassium oxalate, ammonium oxalate, can suppress LiFePO4 in the axial growth of b, but finally form flaky lithium iron phosphate at ac two-dimensional directional Fast Growth; Select aerosil as the controlling agent of spherical LiFePO 4, its excellent isotropism lures that LiFePO4 evenly grows at three-dimensional into, finally forms spherical LiFePO 4.
5. the preparation method of the controlled LiFePO4 of a kind of pattern as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the two steps type flow reactor that preparation process 3) described abrasive disk type screw reactor is comprised of kneading disk and screw rod, it is characterized in that core body is bored by kneading disk in the first rank and cone-shaped cavity relative rotary motion makes material plasticizing, homogenizing and crystallization reaction occurs, kneading disk rotating speed is controlled at 50-120rpm; At second-order, shear screw is set, it is characterized in that, the inwall of screw rod shearing cylinder is provided with trapezoidal thread groove, the lift angle of described trapezoidal thread groove is 45 degree to 90 degree, it is a kind of strong shearing force chemical reactor, material is sheared to carbonization, and screw host screw speed is arranged on 150-250rpm, and temperature is controlled at: a district 100-120 ℃; Two district 200-300 ℃; Three district 300-400 ℃, further, described barrel peripheral hardware having heaters and thermostat.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104393253A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-03-04 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Lithium-sulfur battery cathode composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108357070A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-08-03 | 安溪县景宏技术咨询有限公司 | A kind of double screw extruder and its application |
| CN109037670A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-12-18 | 湖南鸿捷新材料有限公司 | A kind of method of continuity preparation little particle ternary precursor material |
| CN110048109A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-23 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium iron phosphate positive material and preparation method thereof and battery |
| CN115215314A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-21 | 北京泰丰先行新能源科技有限公司 | Long-miscibility-gap high-rate lithium iron phosphate material and preparation method thereof |
| CN116924376A (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-10-24 | 贝特瑞（天津）纳米材料制造有限公司 | Method for preparing high-compaction and high-conductivity lithium iron phosphate based on bimodal particle size ferric phosphate |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104393253A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-03-04 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Lithium-sulfur battery cathode composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN108357070A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-08-03 | 安溪县景宏技术咨询有限公司 | A kind of double screw extruder and its application |
| CN109037670A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-12-18 | 湖南鸿捷新材料有限公司 | A kind of method of continuity preparation little particle ternary precursor material |
| CN110048109A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-07-23 | 桑顿新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium iron phosphate positive material and preparation method thereof and battery |
| CN115215314A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-21 | 北京泰丰先行新能源科技有限公司 | Long-miscibility-gap high-rate lithium iron phosphate material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115215314B (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2023-09-05 | 北京泰丰先行新能源科技有限公司 | Long-miscibility gap high-magnification lithium iron phosphate material and preparation method thereof |
| CN116924376A (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-10-24 | 贝特瑞（天津）纳米材料制造有限公司 | Method for preparing high-compaction and high-conductivity lithium iron phosphate based on bimodal particle size ferric phosphate |
| CN116924376B (en) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-11-28 | 贝特瑞（天津）纳米材料制造有限公司 | Method for preparing high-compaction and high-conductivity lithium iron phosphate based on bimodal particle size ferric phosphate |
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