CN104004585B - A kind of high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil and production technique thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to biology and food technology field, disclose a kind of production technique of high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil, comprise step 1) raw material selection; Step 2) clean; Step 3) sloughs scarlet; Step 4) prepares natural composite antioxidant: step 5) bakes seed; Step 6) is squeezed; The storage of step 7) filter at low temperature and step 8) peanut oil.The invention also discloses the peanut oil utilizing above-mentioned technique to prepare.Present invention process improves the oxidative stability of grease, and remains the nutritive ingredient of peanut oil and strong original sweet-smelling; Use Testa arachidis hypogaeae extract as antioxidant, avoid oleic acid oxidized, and turn waste into wealth, provide cost savings.

Description

A kind of high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil and production technique thereof

Technical field

The invention belongs to biology and food technology field, relate to a kind of high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil and production technique thereof.

Background technology

High gas oil ratio peanut oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, is described as nutrition oil, effectively can remove low density albumen in blood vessel, reduces cholesterol, is conducive to human body cardiovascular health.But edible vegetable oil, in normal temperature storage, a series of chemical transformation can occur, these changes cause acid value of oil and fat and peroxide value to raise, produce unpleasant odor, color burn, finally affect the shelf-lives of product.The oxidative stability of grease is a very important characteristic index, has directive significance for manufacturer, semijobber and human consumer.In recent years, the report of the intoxicating phenomenon caused about grease and oil-based foods oxidative rancidity is both at home and abroad of common occurrence, therefore consider from grease safe storage and nutrition and sanitation point, the technology improving oil oxidative stability has the wide market requirement and industrialization prospect.

Peanut oil is rich in oleic acid, linoleic acid plus linolenic acid, and thick flavor, mouthfeel be good, therefore deeply like by China human consumer, is the main edible vegetable oil of China.But peanut oil is easy to the impact of the effects such as light, heat, oxygen, enzyme, metal ion and oxidative rancidity goes bad.The oxidation of lipid mainly contains autoxidation, photosensitized oxidation and enzymatic oxidn, wherein common with the autoxidation of lipid and oxygen molecule direct reaction.Grease oxidation rancid can cause the destruction of fat Middle nutrition composition, and especially indispensable fatty acid destroys more serious, and its nutritive value is reduced.The mankind take in the grease of oxidative rancidity for a long time, and can cause growth retardation, physique alleviates and skin damage, severe patient can cause presenility, tumour, cancer and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Therefore, prevent edible oil generation oxidative rancidity, ensuring the quality of products becomes the problem needing priority control in grease production and storage safely.At present, the measure controlling Oxidation of Fat and Oils mainly launches from the following aspect:

1. condition of storage controls: 1.1 package materials selection: the quality (oxygen barrier, photophobism) of edible oil packing material guarantees one of oil oxidative stability principal element.But also will consider during edible oil is sold and need transparent and show the color and luster of grease, therefore conventional at present wrapping material comprise vial, iron flask and PET bottle.Vial health, safety, gas barrier property are good, but itself is heavier, easily broken, is only applicable to the packaging of high-end grease at present.Iron flask oxygen barrier is strong, and source is wide, recoverable, but illustrative is poor, is easy to edible oil generation oxidizing reaction, causes to become sour rotten, can not be widely used in edible oil packing.PET bottle has good transparency, free from extraneous odour, compressive property are good, be comparatively ideal edible oil packing material, but light transmission can cause grease photosensitized oxidation, thus oil quality is declined; 1.2 storage conditions: grease condition of storage needs the deterioration accomplishing to avoid some external factor to cause, as sealed storage, low-temperature storage and lucifuge store.

2. add antioxidant: using antioxidant to be prevent edible oil oxidative rancidity, extend that its shelf-lives is the most convenient, economy, effective means, is also the method generally adopted at present.Antioxidant is the material that a class can stop, postpone protection object autoxidation process, it reduces food product oxygen level by oxidation migration, stablize hydroperoxide, chemical combination competitive with ion radical, destroy superoxide, suppress or reduce catalyzer and oxidasic activity obstruction oxygenizement, the grease preservation time is increased.Antioxidant by sources can be divided into natural and synthetized oxidation preventive agent two kinds.At present, synthetic antioxidant is most popular is tertiarybutylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA), Tenox PG (PG), 2,6-di-t-butyl is to first (BHT), 2,4,5-trihydroxybutyrophenone (THBP) etc.China newly ratifies the Tyox B (DLTDP) used, and be a kind of low toxicity antioxidant, it can reduce the content of grease endoperoxide efficiently, compared to BHA, BHT etc., its anti-oxidant activity is better, and security is higher, and price is also relatively cheap.According to another report, some thio-ether type compounds also have good antioxygenation, and derivative also obtains certain Application and Development.Natural antioxidants is high due to security, is subject to the welcome of human consumer in recent years.Seek more low price from occurring in nature, extract the research emphasis that the natural antioxidants convenient, antioxidant effect is strong has become various countries scientist, the natural antioxidants kind researched and developed both at home and abroad at present, is mainly the composition etc. in spice, Chinese herbal medicine extract, fruits and vegetables class plant with resistance of oxidation.

3. controlled atmosphere oil storage technology: deoxygenation oil storage technology mainly contains vacuum method, reductor deoxidation storing method, inert gas replacement.Vacuum method takes out air in most oil reservoir exactly, makes grease be in vacuum state.Shanxi Quwo oil depot vacuum oil storage test, lasts 6 years, at the end of find that the acid number of oil and peroxide value not only do not rise and decline to some extent on the contrary, flavour also keeps original flavor, and very well, and control group acid value and peroxide value liter double effect.The inorganic reductor of the many employings of current China, conventional is special iron powder reductor, and it is a kind of inorganics of nontoxic, odorless.Under the catalysis of water and metal halide, easily be oxidized by the free oxygen in air and oxygen consumed, avoid the oxygenizement of oxygen to grease.Gas displacement preservation technique, mainly utilize rare gas element as the air in nitrogen replacement packaging space, then seal, inert nitrogen is utilized to completely cut off atmospheric oxygen, effectively keep the fresh of edible oil and nutrition, owing to not adding antioxidant, remain the mouthfeel of edible oil, local flavor and nutritive value to a great extent.But, the weakness that this preservation technique is the most fatal just loses anti-oxidation protection effect after edible oil Kaifeng, and therefore, nitrogen-charging fresh-keeping can not solve the problem of oxidation of the rear edible oil in Kaifeng very well.And gas displacement preservation technique requires very high to technique, equipment etc., producer must drop into very large cost.

4. physical adsorption and reduction method: study for the oxidation control of grease at present, mainly lay particular emphasis on anti-, and very few for the peroxide treatment report of one of the enzymatic oxidation factor in grease.Physisorphtion mainly adopts the material with adsorbability material to carry out absorb oil endoperoxide, thus reduces the content of superoxide, plays the effect improving oil oxidative stability.Bi Yanlan etc. have employed atlapulgite and have carried out the research of absorption method, and experiment confirms that carclazyte can absorb oil endoperoxide, and can also adsorpting pigment, reach the effect of decolouring.But inevitably cause fishy smell specific to the loss of grease and carclazyte.Reduction method utilizes reductive action that-OOH in grease carbochain is reduced to-0H, hydrogen reduction is gone out, thus destroys and degraded superoxide, stops it to decompose further, makes grease recover the characteristic of unsaturated fatty acids, reduce peroxide level.Qiu Aiyong, Liu Juan etc. have selected SnCl2, inferior sodium phosphate is tested sunflower seed oil as reductive agent, and test-results shows, add the tea-seed oil after a small amount of reductive agent process, effectively can keep the fragrance of crude oil, and can reach the object reducing tea-seed oil POV.But the method is more loaded down with trivial details, easily introduce objectionable impurities simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of production technique of high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil, this technique adopts ancient method to squeeze the technical process of peanut oil, parameter optimization is carried out at crucial processing link, improve the oxidative stability of grease, and remain the nutritive ingredient of peanut oil and strong original sweet-smelling; The present invention uses Testa arachidis hypogaeae extract as antioxidant, avoids oleic acid oxidized, and turns waste into wealth, provide cost savings.Present invention also offers a kind of high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil.

The present invention realizes mainly through following technical scheme:

A production technique for high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil, it comprises the steps:

Step 1) raw material selection: select oleic acid content to be the peanut of more than 45%;

Step 2) clean: remove prematurity grain, broken kernel, moldy kernel, stone and metal; Require fresh, the full seed of peanut, without damaged, without going mouldy, free from insect pests, containing assorted less, without aging period;

Step 3) sloughs scarlet: peanut is sent into low-temperature drier and carry out heat baking, hot blast temperature 100 DEG C, drying time 15 minutes, quick cooling, make drop temperature reach normal room temperature, then send in skinning machine and slough Testa arachidis hypogaeae, collect Testa arachidis hypogaeae and Semen arachidis hypogaeae respectively;

Step 4) prepares natural composite antioxidant:

Step 5) bakes seed: adopted by Semen arachidis hypogaeae automatization continous way baking machine to toast, front gas-cooker temperature is 300 DEG C, and rear gas-cooker temperature is 200 DEG C, is 20min from the time being fed to discharging;

Step 6) is squeezed: put into by material in the little expressing peanut oil press zhai of ancient method, temperature controls at 120 DEG C, and screw speed is l5 rev/min, obtains just expressing peanut crude oil;

Step 7) filter at low temperature: first expressing peanut crude oil, by interchanger cooling down, when temperature is down to rapidly 20 DEG C, filters through 16 metafiltration cloth strainers by first expressing peanut crude oil;

The storage of step 8) peanut oil: peanut oil, at the temperature of 20 DEG C, adds natural composite antioxidant, stirs, finally fill container, and vacuum seal is preserved; Wherein, the mass ratio of peanut oil and natural composite antioxidant is 5000:1.

Preferably, described step 4) prepares natural composite antioxidant, comprises the steps:

A) raw material prepares: Testa arachidis hypogaeae is put into carrying disk, is placed in baking oven, under 40 DEG C of constant temperature, dry 4h, then temperature is risen to after 2h is dried in 60 DEG C of continuation and takes out, pulverize, cross 60 mesh sieves, seal for subsequent use;

B) to feed intake and microwave exposure: in pot for solvent extraction, squeeze into ethanol and Testa arachidis hypogaeae, the ratio of Testa arachidis hypogaeae and 70% ethanol is 1kg:8L, stirs, then microwave exposure 3min, and microwave power is 500W;

C) lixiviate is with concentrated: the temperature of pot for solvent extraction is risen to 65 DEG C, and lixiviate 2h, obtains vat liquor; In leaching process, temperature remains at 65 DEG C; After lixiviate completes, squeezed in concentration tank by vat liquor and concentrate, whole concentration process temperature controls at 60 DEG C, and vacuum degree control is at-0.05Kpa, and concentration time is 1h;

D) vacuum-drying: first with whizzer by centrifugal for gained concentrated solution, centrifugal speed is 3000r/min, time is 20min, collecting precipitation thing and supernatant liquor, carry out concentrated centrifugal again by supernatant liquor, centrifugal speed is 3000r/min, time is 10min, obtain secondary precipitate, merge above-mentioned throw out and carry out vacuum-drying, to obtain final product.

The invention also discloses and utilize above-mentioned production technique to prepare high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil.

The beneficial effect that the present invention obtains mainly comprise following some:

This project adopts the technical process of the ancient method squeezing peanut oil of the existing maturation of company, carries out parameter optimization, improve the oxidative stability of grease, and remain the nutritive ingredient of peanut oil and strong original sweet-smelling at crucial processing link.The present invention makes full use of the by product Testa arachidis hypogaeae of peanut processing enterprise, extracts Testa arachidis hypogaeae polyphenol, as a kind of natural antioxidants, carries out composite with other natural antioxidants, for improving the oxidative stability of grease.The Testa arachidis hypogaeae that the present invention uses is the byproduct of peanut product processing enterprise, major part scarlet goes out of use, cause waste and the environmental pollution of resource, the present invention extracts polyphenols from Testa arachidis hypogaeae, extraction efficiency is high, and pioneering this technique is attached in Oleum Arachidis hypogaeae semen extraction, improve the antioxygen rate of oleic acid, and achieve and turn waste into wealth.

Embodiment

Below employing specific embodiment is further explained the present invention, but should not regards the restriction to initiative spirit of the present invention as.

Embodiment 1

Select drainage condition block that is good, that be rich in sandy soil and organic matter to plant peanut, select place to be positioned at Junan County four crossway town.Execute 1000 kilograms, animal excreta excrement for every mu; Mu executes N P and K (12-12-12) composite fertilizer 30 kilograms; Post flowering sprays the potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution of 0.3% once in 6 weeks, every minor tick ten days.30 grams of strong full peace growth regulators are sprayed, the excessive growth of control peanut plant the peanut growth later stage every mu; Keep water-retaining quantity among field of soil about 40%.The oleic acid content of peanut obtains more than 45% after testing.

Embodiment 2

A production technique for high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil, it comprises the steps:

1) raw material selection: peanut raw material is from rich oil acid peanut cultivation base, and oleic acid content reaches 48%;

2) clean: remove prematurity grain, broken kernel, moldy kernel and stone and metal etc., stone and metal can damage mechanical means, go mouldy, immature peanut will have a strong impact on the quality of grease; Require fresh, the full seed of peanut, without damaged, without going mouldy, free from insect pests, containing assorted less, without aging period; Meet the standard-required of GB/T1533;

3) scarlet is sloughed: peanut is sent into low-temperature drier and carry out heat baking, hot blast temperature 100 DEG C, drying time 15 minutes, cools fast, makes drop temperature reach normal room temperature, then sends in skinning machine and sloughs scarlet, collect scarlet and Semen arachidis hypogaeae respectively;

4) natural composite antioxidant is prepared:

A) raw material prepares: Testa arachidis hypogaeae is put into carrying disk, is placed in baking oven, under 40 DEG C of constant temperature, dry 4h, then temperature is risen to after 2h is dried in 60 DEG C of continuation and takes out, pulverize, cross 60 mesh sieves, seal for subsequent use;

B) to feed intake and microwave exposure: in pot for solvent extraction, squeeze into ethanol and Testa arachidis hypogaeae, the ratio of Testa arachidis hypogaeae weight and 70% ethanol contend is 1KG:8L, stirs, then microwave exposure 3min, and microwave power is 500W;

C) lixiviate is with concentrated: the temperature of pot for solvent extraction is risen to 65 DEG C, and lixiviate 2h, obtains vat liquor; In leaching process, temperature remains at 65 DEG C; After lixiviate completes, squeezed in concentration tank by vat liquor and concentrate, whole concentration process temperature controls at 60 DEG C, and vacuum degree control is at-0.05Kpa, and concentration time is 1h;

D) vacuum-drying: first with whizzer by centrifugal for gained concentrated solution, centrifugal speed is 3000r/min, time is 20min, collecting precipitation thing and supernatant liquor, carry out concentrated centrifugal again by supernatant liquor, centrifugal speed is 3000r/min, time is 10min, obtain secondary precipitate, merge above-mentioned throw out and carry out vacuum-drying, to obtain final product;

5) roasting seed: adopted by Semen arachidis hypogaeae automatization continous way baking machine to toast, retain genuine, front gas-cooker 300 degrees Celsius, rear gas-cooker 200 degrees Celsius, needs 20min to complete from being fed to discharging;

6) squeeze: adopt the little squeezing Technology in Pressing of ancient method, by even for material putting in the little expressing peanut oil press zhai of ancient method all, temperature controls at 120 DEG C, and screw speed is l5 rev/min, obtains just expressing peanut crude oil, has kept the distinctive fragrance of peanut;

7) filter at low temperature: first expressing peanut crude oil, by interchanger cooling down, when temperature is down to rapidly 20 DEG C, filters through 16 metafiltration cloth strainers, glue, phosphatide and the dregs of fat etc. removed by first expressing peanut crude oil;

8) storage of peanut oil: peanut oil, at the temperature of 20 DEG C, adds natural composite antioxidant, stirs, finally fill container, and vacuum seal is preserved; Wherein, the mass ratio of peanut oil and natural composite antioxidant is 5000:1.

Be 31.5% by the content detecting natural composite antioxidant procyanidins, trans-resveratrol 13.6%, all the other are tea phenol, sterol, peanut glycosides and lipid etc.

Embodiment 3

The quality examination of oleic peanut of the present invention: table 1

Project	Test-results
		Just express oil from peanuts mid-oleic %	57.89
Preserve oleic acid content % after 30 days	57.61
		Preserve oleic acid content % after 100 days	57.32
Preserve oleic acid content % after 300 days	57.08
		Insoluble impurities %	0.003
Transparency	Clear
		280 ° of heat tests	Color does not change
Odor type	Strong sweet-smelling

The present invention also have detected acid value simultaneously, and each time period is change not, in table 2:

Number of days	Acid value mgkoh/g
		0	0.36
30	0.38
		100	0.41
300	0.45

Finally, it is also to be noted that what enumerate above is only several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be had.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive from content disclosed by the invention or associate, all should think protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. a production technique for high gas oil ratio heavy fragrant peanut oil, it comprises the steps:

Step 1) raw material selection: select oleic acid content to be the peanut of more than 45%;

Step 2) clean: remove prematurity grain, broken kernel, moldy kernel, stone and metal; Require fresh, the full seed of peanut, without damaged, without going mouldy, free from insect pests, containing assorted less, without aging period;

Step 3) sloughs scarlet: peanut is sent into low-temperature drier and carry out heat baking, hot blast temperature 100 DEG C, drying time 15 minutes, quick cooling, make drop temperature reach normal room temperature, then send in skinning machine and slough Testa arachidis hypogaeae, collect Testa arachidis hypogaeae and Semen arachidis hypogaeae respectively;

Step 4) prepares natural composite antioxidant;

Step 5) bakes seed: adopt baking machine to toast Semen arachidis hypogaeae, is 20min from the time being fed to discharging;

Step 6) is squeezed: put into by step 5) gained material in the little expressing peanut oil press zhai of ancient method, temperature controls at 120 DEG C, and screw speed is l5 rev/min, obtains just expressing peanut crude oil;

Step 7) filter at low temperature: first expressing peanut crude oil, by interchanger cooling down, when temperature is down to rapidly 20 DEG C, filters through filter by first expressing peanut crude oil;

The storage of step 8) peanut oil: step 7) gained peanut oil, at the temperature of 20 DEG C, adds natural composite antioxidant, stirs, finally fill container, and vacuum seal is preserved; Wherein, the mass ratio of peanut oil and natural composite antioxidant is 5000-10000:1;

Described step 4) prepares natural composite antioxidant, comprises the steps:

A) raw material prepares: Testa arachidis hypogaeae is put into carrying disk, is placed in baking oven, under 40 DEG C of constant temperature, dry 4h, then temperature is risen to after 2h is dried in 60 DEG C of continuation and takes out, pulverize, cross 60 mesh sieves, seal for subsequent use;

B) to feed intake and microwave exposure: in pot for solvent extraction, squeeze into ethanol and Testa arachidis hypogaeae, the ratio of Testa arachidis hypogaeae and 70% ethanol is 1kg:8L, stirs, then microwave exposure 3min, and microwave power is 500W;

C) lixiviate is with concentrated: the temperature of pot for solvent extraction is risen to 65 DEG C, and lixiviate 2h, obtains vat liquor; In leaching process, temperature remains at 65 DEG C; After lixiviate completes, squeezed in concentration tank by vat liquor and concentrate, whole concentration process temperature controls at 60 DEG C, and vacuum degree control is at-0.05Kpa, and concentration time is 1h;

D) vacuum-drying: first with whizzer by centrifugal for gained concentrated solution, centrifugal speed is 3000r/min, time is 20min, collecting precipitation thing and supernatant liquor, carry out concentrated centrifugal again by supernatant liquor, centrifugal speed is 3000r/min, time is 10min, obtain secondary precipitate, merge above-mentioned throw out and carry out vacuum-drying, to obtain final product.