CN104002059A - 一种埋弧焊丝及焊接方法 - Google Patents
一种埋弧焊丝及焊接方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 297
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 106
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000035900 sweating Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/3066—Fe as the principal constituent with Ni as next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
- B23K9/186—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/10—Pipe-lines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Mo | Ni | Cr | Ti | Cu | B | REM | |
1-3# | 0.02 | 0.07 | 1.67 | 0.0067 | 0.0040 | 1.24 | 2.85 | 0.95 | 0.22 | - | 0.0118 | 0.0060 |
4-6# | 0.05 | 0.06 | 1.72 | 0.0052 | 0.0046 | 1.45 | 2.78 | 1.12 | 0.24 | - | 0.0133 | 0.0120 |
7# | 0.06 | 0.09 | 1.95 | 0.0068 | 0.0035 | 1.33 | 3.83 | - | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.0151 | 0.0080 |
8# | 0.04 | 0.05 | 1.81 | 0.0074 | 0.0035 | 1.15 | 4.16 | - | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.0178 | 0.0089 |
9# | 0.05 | 0.08 | 1.87 | 0.0063 | 0.0032 | 1.14 | 4.42 | - | 0.13 | 0.18 | 0.0158 | 0.0100 |
10# | 0.06 | 0.09 | 1.83 | 0.0058 | 0.0046 | 0.95 | 2.65 | 1.40 | 0.24 | - | 0.0144 | 0.0070 |
11# | 0.04 | 0.07 | 1.72 | 0.0072 | 0.0050 | 0.90 | 2.76 | 1.27 | 0.28 | - | 0.0162 | 0.0080 |
12# | 0.04 | 0.07 | 1.64 | 0.0064 | 0.0050 | 1.26 | 3.76 | 0.87 | 0.17 | - | 0.0154 | 0.0092 |
13# | 0.03 | 0.08 | 1.96 | 0.0072 | 0.0053 | 1.55 | 3.86 | - | 0.24 | 0.28 | 0.0124 | 0.0126 |
14# | 0.03 | 0.08 | 1.83 | 0.0063 | 0.0042 | 1.48 | 4.12 | - | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.0137 | 0.0107 |
15# | 0.04 | 0.06 | 1.98 | 0.0053 | 0.0038 | 1.58 | 4.32 | - | 0.25 | 0.16 | 0.0128 | 0.0087 |
16# | 0.05 | 0.06 | 1.62 | 0.0072 | 0.0038 | 0.88 | 2.68 | 0.75 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.0066 | 0.0075 |
17# | 0.05 | 0.08 | 1.75 | 0.0068 | 0.0045 | 1.23 | 2.98 | 0.85 | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.0076 | 0.0095 |
18# | 0.04 | 0.07 | 1.82 | 0.0065 | 0.0042 | 1.44 | 3.15 | 0.75 | 0.15 | 0.24 | 0.0085 | 0.0090 |
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Mo | Ni | Cr | Ti | Cu | B | REM | |
1# | 0.06 | 0.17 | 1.73 | 0.0072 | 0.0035 | 1.05 | 2.54 | 0.76 | 0.11 | - | 0.0042 | 0.0015 |
2# | 0.06 | 0.16 | 1.72 | 0.0073 | 0.0034 | 1.02 | 2.52 | 0.75 | 0.10 | - | 0.0040 | 0.0017 |
3# | 0.06 | 0.19 | 1.70 | 0.0071 | 0.0036 | 0.98 | 2.43 | 0.72 | 0.09 | - | 0.0038 | 0.0016 |
4# | 0.04 | 0.17 | 1.63 | 0.0057 | 0.0042 | 1.26 | 3.12 | 1.23 | 0.12 | - | 0.0043 | 0.0042 |
5# | 0.05 | 0.18 | 1.67 | 0.0058 | 0.0041 | 1.22 | 3.05 | 1.13 | 0.09 | - | 0.0037 | 0.0038 |
6# | 0.05 | 0.18 | 1.71 | 0.0061 | 0.0036 | 1.19 | 2.95 | 1.08 | 0.08 | - | 0.0034 | 0.0039 |
7# | 0.05 | 0.16 | 1.86 | 0.0071 | 0.0042 | 1.12 | 3.32 | - | 0.08 | 0.21 | 0.0042 | 0.0021 |
8# | 0.04 | 0.14 | 1.89 | 0.0078 | 0.0043 | 0.92 | 3.48 | - | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.0049 | 0.0024 |
9# | 0.05 | 0.15 | 1.86 | 0.0068 | 0.0038 | 0.91 | 3.69 | - | 0.06 | 0.23 | 0.0043 | 0.0028 |
10# | 0.06 | 0.16 | 1.88 | 0.0074 | 0.0045 | 0.74 | 2.22 | 1.08 | 0.14 | - | 0.0038 | 0.0014 |
11# | 0.05 | 0.15 | 1.84 | 0.0071 | 0.0047 | 0.68 | 2.32 | 0.88 | 0.16 | - | 0.0045 | 0.0016 |
12# | 0.05 | 0.16 | 1.74 | 0.0067 | 0.0051 | 1.02 | 3.12 | 0.62 | 0.12 | - | 0.0041 | 0.0017 |
13# | 0.04 | 0.17 | 1.93 | 0.0073 | 0.0047 | 1.32 | 3.26 | - | 0.15 | 0.28 | 0.0036 | 0.0028 |
14# | 0.05 | 0.15 | 1.85 | 0.0063 | 0.0038 | 1.35 | 3.54 | - | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.0041 | 0.0024 |
15# | 0.05 | 0.14 | 1.88 | 0.0064 | 0.0042 | 1.38 | 3.72 | - | 0.16 | 0.22 | 0.0037 | 0.0016 |
16# | 0.06 | 0.15 | 1.74 | 0.0065 | 0.0043 | 0.89 | 2.52 | 0.68 | 0.12 | 0.23 | 0.0014 | 0.0022 |
17# | 0.06 | 0.15 | 1.84 | 0.0054 | 0.0052 | 0.86 | 2.18 | 0.65 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.0024 | 0.0026 |
18# | 0.05 | 0.14 | 1.87 | 0.0063 | 0.0045 | 0.96. | 2.58 | 0.67 | 0.09 | 0.26 | 0.0023 | 0.0025 |
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201410258769.3A CN104002059B (zh) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-06-11 | 一种埋弧焊丝及焊接方法 |
PCT/CN2014/083305 WO2015188427A1 (zh) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-07-30 | 一种埋弧焊丝及焊接方法 |
EP14894509.0A EP3156168B1 (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-07-30 | Submerged arc welding wire and welding method |
US15/315,157 US20170197273A1 (en) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-07-30 | Submerged arc welding wire and welding method |
KR1020177000486A KR101923948B1 (ko) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-07-30 | 서브머지드 아크 용접 와이어 및 용접 방법 |
JP2016572531A JP6392376B2 (ja) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-07-30 | サブマージアーク溶接ワイヤ |
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CN201410258769.3A CN104002059B (zh) | 2014-06-11 | 2014-06-11 | 一种埋弧焊丝及焊接方法 |
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CN104002059A true CN104002059A (zh) | 2014-08-27 |
CN104002059B CN104002059B (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
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US (1) | US20170197273A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP3156168B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP6392376B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101923948B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN104002059B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2015188427A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN108705223A (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-26 | 武汉钢铁有限公司 | 一种抗拉强度为810MPa级高韧耐蚀埋弧自动焊接用焊丝 |
CN110788457A (zh) * | 2019-12-03 | 2020-02-14 | 四川西冶新材料股份有限公司 | 一种埋弧焊丝及其熔敷金属 |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110181195B (zh) * | 2019-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 阳江职业技术学院 | 一种x100管线钢用埋弧焊接用材料 |
CN110385546A (zh) * | 2019-07-24 | 2019-10-29 | 西安理工大学 | 一种优异低温性能的x80管线钢埋弧焊药芯焊丝及制备方法 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH11267844A (ja) * | 1998-03-19 | 1999-10-05 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 溶接鋼構造物の製造方法および溶接鋼構造物 |
CN1376553A (zh) * | 2001-03-28 | 2002-10-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种高强度管线钢埋弧焊用焊丝 |
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EP3156168A4 (en) | 2017-11-22 |
CN104002059B (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
JP2017523046A (ja) | 2017-08-17 |
KR101923948B1 (ko) | 2018-11-30 |
JP6392376B2 (ja) | 2018-09-19 |
WO2015188427A1 (zh) | 2015-12-17 |
EP3156168B1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
KR20170015494A (ko) | 2017-02-08 |
US20170197273A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
EP3156168A1 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
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