CN103996733B - A kind of photoelectricity nuclear battery - Google Patents
A kind of photoelectricity nuclear battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN103996733B CN103996733B CN201410172610.XA CN201410172610A CN103996733B CN 103996733 B CN103996733 B CN 103996733B CN 201410172610 A CN201410172610 A CN 201410172610A CN 103996733 B CN103996733 B CN 103996733B
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- radioactive source
- fluorescence coating
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- photovoltaic assembly
- semiconductor light
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of photoelectricity nuclear battery, described nuclear battery comprises can, radioactive source layer, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, fluorescence coating, wherein, described semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly comprises the front electrode layer connecting successively, semiconductor layer, dorsum electrode layer, described can is established a transparent form, described radioactive source layer, fluorescence coating, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly is arranged at can inside, and fix by can, wherein fluorescence coating is between radioactive source layer and semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, substrate of glass is connected with the front electrode layer of semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, fluorescence coating is connected with radioactive source layer, described radioactive source layer outer setting glass capsulation structure, described glass capsulation structure is connected with the transparent form of can. the present invention causes fluorescence acting in conjunction in conjunction with the photoluminescence of sunshine and the spoke of radioactive source, has increased the power output of battery, has greatly improved the energy density of battery, has expanded the application of battery, has ensured battery efficient operation for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nuclear physics, nuclear energy application and micro-energy field, be specifically related to a kind of photoelectricity nuclear battery.
Background technology
At present in various fields, especially some present stages such as ultra low power device, automatic control system and aerospace electron devicesChange and the more difficult supply node of maintenance, possess long-life, efficient stable, small size, lightweight, adaptive capacity to environment strong,The nuclear battery of the advantages such as the wide and stable output power of operating temperature range can well meet these specific demands.
In conventional existing nuclear battery, thermoelectricity altitude temperature difference effect nuclear battery volume is larger, is difficult to realize miniaturization; Radiation volta effectNuclear battery is because the particle that radioactive source discharges is directly to have an effect with semiconductor transduction assembly, and semi-conducting material is subject to irradiation and damagesWound; And the spoke that adopts radiant energy-luminous energy-electric energy secondary transducing pattern causes fluorescent core battery and can well evade above-mentioned deficiency. SpokeThe specific works principle that causes fluorescent core battery is that carrying that radio isotope decay is discharged can particle (as α, β particle) impact fluorescenceLayer, radiation excitation produces fluorescence after a series of pilot process such as electron radiation transition, and recycling semi-conducting material is collected, lightEnergy is passed to electronics by son, produces a lot of electron hole pairs in material, and electron hole pair is in the built in field effect of PN junctionLower respectively to both sides drift, collect respectively a large amount of holes and electronics in P type side and N-type side, by P, N electrode and load phaseConnect, just can form loop generation current. Wherein, fluorescence coating with respect to the semi-conducting material in radiation volta effect nuclear battery andSpeech radiation-resistant property is stronger.
But, owing to being subject to mate degree of coupling between radioactive source particle flux, material self absorption effect, each parts and optical delivery is damagedThe limiting factors such as consumption, the power output that the spoke of conventional structure causes fluorescent core battery is lower, and energy conversion efficiency is not high. MeanwhileOn the other hand, higher to the dependence of sunshine as the solar cell of photoelectricity transducing unit, just no-output under dark, is subject toEnvironmental factor restriction is larger. This two classes power supply mode, in the situation that working independently separately, all has some limitations, and makesIts application potential quality is had a greatly reduced quality.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of photoelectricity nuclear battery is provided, and by transparent form is set on can,Transparent gaseous state tritium source is placed in to lower end, the battery case top of forms, the particle excitated fluorescence coating of β that utilizes tritium to discharge, produces simultaneouslyRaw spoke causes fluorescent effect and discharges fluorescence. This photoelectricity nuclear battery just can make full use of the sun through forms in the situation that having lightLight, causes two kinds of effects of fluorescence in conjunction with photoluminescence and spoke, the fluorescence of generation one is reacted on to the photovoltaic module of bottom, utilizes lightElectrical effect is realized electric energy output. Even under the dark surrounds without sunshine, spoke causes fluorescent effect still can be continued to play a role, and makesBattery continues to be on active service.
The present invention, for solving the problems of the technologies described above, adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of photoelectricity nuclear battery, described nuclear battery comprises can, radioactive source layer, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, fluorescence coating, itsIn, described semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly comprises the front electrode layer, semiconductor layer, the dorsum electrode layer that connect successively, described can is establishedOne transparent form, described radioactive source layer, fluorescence coating, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly are arranged at can inside, and by sealingShell is fixed, wherein fluorescence coating between radioactive source layer and semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, substrate of glass and semiconductor light photovoltaic assemblyFront electrode layer connects, and phosphor powder layer is connected with radioactive source layer, described radioactive source layer outer setting glass capsulation structure, described glassHermetically-sealed construction is connected with the transparent form of can.
Described radioactive source is gaseous state tritium source, is filled in the transparent packing of borosilicate glass elasticity of a sealing, is located at glass capsulationIn structure.
Described can is ceramic material, and described transparent form is Fresnel light condensing lens, and lens surface applies a layer thicknessUniformly by TiO2/Al2O3The anti-reflection film that material is made.
Described fluorescence coating is prepared by the following method:
Step 1, in potassium silicate solution, add fluorescent material fully to stir, then add barium nitrate solution, continue to stir, then will mixClose liquid drainage to being placed with in the glassware of substrate of glass, natural subsidence;
Step 2, treat to deposit fluorescent material in substrate of glass after, by its taking-up oven dry, treat that it naturally cools to normal temperature and can obtainObtain required fluorescence coating.
Further, the potassium silicate solution mass concentration described in step 1 is 0.5-2%;
Described barium nitrate concentration of polymer solution is 0.1-0.5%;
The volumetric ratio of described potassium silicate solution and barium nitrate solution is 10:1-20:1, with the quality of fluorescent material and the thickness of fluorescence coatingAccording to following formula setting: m=ρ sh, the quality that wherein m is fluorescent material, the density that ρ is fluorescent material, s is glasswareFloor space, the thickness that h is fluorescence coating;
Described static balance time is 1-5h;
Bake out temperature in step 2 is 200-300 DEG C, and drying time is 0.5h.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, radioactive source of the present invention is gaseous state tritium, and light transmission is better, and making becomes possibility in conjunction with sunshine acting in conjunction, increasesThe power output of battery, has improved the energy density of battery greatly, has expanded the application of battery, simultaneously radio isotopeThe half-life of tritium is longer, has ensured that battery can work long hours.
2, nuclear battery of the present invention adopts laminated construction, and the particle that sunshine and radioactive source discharge can be applied same semiconductor lightPhotovoltaic assembly completes power conversion mechanism, not only compact conformation, and the utilization rate of excitaton source is high, and has reduced the use number of deviceMeasure, reduced interior resistance and the leakage current of battery itself, effectively reduce the fault rate of battery.
3, fluorescence coating of the present invention adopts physics sedimentation or the preparation of gluing composite algorithm, and technique is relatively simple, is easy to realityExisting, and can, according to different requirements, change suitable fluorescent material and baseplate material etc., battery design is more flexible.
4, microminiature battery upper surface of the present invention adopts and is covered with TiO2/Al2O3The even antireflection film that material is madeFresnel light condensing lens encapsulation, has higher light transmission at 300～900nm wave band, good chemical stability, adhesiveness,Durability and anti-light radianting capacity, can effectively alleviate and even eliminate battery component irradiation damage, extends the service life of battery.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is photoelectricity nuclear battery profile of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is photoelectricity nuclear battery top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (a) is semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 (b) loads fluorescence coating schematic diagram for the present invention on semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly.
Fig. 3 (c) is the installation site schematic diagram of fluorescence coating of the present invention and semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly.
The scheme of installation that Fig. 3 (d) is fluorescence coating of the present invention, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly and radioactive source layer.
Fig. 4 is photoelectricity nuclear battery schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Number in the figure title: 1-transparent form; 2-glass packing; The transparent packing of 3-borosilicate glass elasticity; 4-gaseous state tritium;5-fluorescence coating; Electrode before 6-; 7-InGaP/GaAs/Ge tri-pn junction p n layers; 8-back electrode; 9-can.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is elaborated:
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, a kind of photoelectricity nuclear battery of the present invention is to integrate photoluminescence and spoke causes fluorescence, bagDraw together can, radioactive source layer, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, fluorescence coating, wherein, described semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly comprises successively and connectingThe front electrode layer, semiconductor layer, the dorsum electrode layer that connect, described can is established a transparent form, described radioactive source layer, fluorescenceLayer, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly are arranged at can inside, and fix by can, and wherein fluorescence coating is positioned at radioactive source layerAnd between semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, substrate of glass is connected with the front electrode layer of semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, phosphor powder layer and radioactive source layerConnect, described radioactive source layer outer setting glass capsulation structure, described glass capsulation structure is connected with the transparent form of can.
This photoelectricity nuclear battery specifically comprises transparent form 1, glass packing 2, the transparent packing 3 of borosilicate glass elasticity, gaseous state tritium4, fluorescence coating 5, front electrode 6, InGaP/GaAs/Ge tri-pn junction p n layers 7, back electrode 8 and can 9. Its glass bagCapsule 2, non-rigid transparent resin 3, gaseous state tritium 4, fluorescence coating 5, front electrode 6, InGaP/GaAs/Ge tri-pn junction p n layers 7,Back electrode 8 forms internal structure, and transparent form 1 and can 9 form external structure.
Described in the present embodiment, glass capsulation structure is glass packing. Described gaseous state tritium is the borosilicate glass bullet that is filled in a sealingIn the transparent packing of property, be located in glass capsulation structure. Described can is ceramic material. Described transparent form is that Fresnel is poly-Optical lens, and lens surface applies a layer thickness uniformly by TiO2/Al2O3The anti-reflection film that material is made, increase transparent formTransparency. The source spontaneous decay of sealing gaseous state tritium discharges beta activity particle, can effectively excite the fluorescence coating spoke of below to cause fluorescence.The integrative-structure that its glass packing 2, the transparent packing 3 of borosilicate glass elasticity and gaseous state tritium 4 form, light transmission is good, intrinsicSafe.
Described can 9 is that the inorganic or organic insulation (as aluminium oxide ceramics etc.) that is less than 1W/mK by thermal conductivity factor enclosesThe cavity becoming, and and the common peripheral structure that forms photoelectricity nuclear battery of the present invention of transparent form 1. The structures such as its shape, size belong toProperty and material can be adjusted according to concrete power supply environment, and are not only confined to the present embodiment.
The microminiature photoelectric nuclear battery that integrates photoluminescence and spoke and cause fluorescence of the present invention, can be prepared into by the following methodArrive:
Embodiment 1
Step 1, to choose light transmittance be 95%, and the quartz glass plate of resistance to 1000 DEG C is as the substrate of fluorescence coating, by deionized water andAlcohol repeatedly cleans repeatedly, dry for standby;
Step 2, employing physics sedimentation techniques deposit the ZnS:Cu fluorescence coating 5 that a layer thickness is 70 μ m on described substrate, willPost-depositional sample is placed at 250 DEG C of temperature and dries 30 minutes, treats that it naturally cools to normal temperature and can take out, and completes spoke and causes glimmeringThe preparation of photosphere, the whole environment of preparing is normal pressure;
Step 3, prepare the peripheral structure of nuclear battery, the substrate of can 9 is DPC, directly utilizes coating technology by copperBe deposited on the direct copper plating support on Al2O3 support. This kind of ceramic material thermal conductivity factor is higher, can promote the heat radiation effect of batteryRate, and can utilize the thin copper on DPC plated surface to contact with back electrode 8, realize electrode and draw. The surrounding of can 9Be common ceramic heat-dissipating support, play protection battery and thermolysis;
Step 4, the contact electrode of InGaP/GaAs/Ge tri-junction semiconductor layers 7 is welded with connecting line, and put into outside sealingIn shell 9, arrange lead-in wire, dig out radius in the side of bogey and be the circular opening of 1mm both positive and negative polarity wiring is drawn;
Step 5, above photovoltaic module, load that to be provided with sealing borosilicate glass elasticity by ZnS:Cu fluorescence coating and inside saturatingThe glass packing of bright packing, is filled with gaseous state tritium radioactive source in the transparent packing of elasticity, form spoke and cause fluorescent core battery part;
Step 6, above whole peripheral structure, load the transparent form that a kind of Fresnel light condensing lens is made, then by batteryUnit encapsulation combination, completes the preparation of photoelectricity nuclear battery. Wherein, radioisotopic active region area and semiconductor layerThe long-pending surface area that is slightly less than fluorescence coating of light-absorbing surface.
Embodiment 2
This example is from example 1 except following place is different, and other are all consistent.
Step 1, choose viscosity under normal temperature and exist in water white transparency epoxy resin and the viscosity of 4500～5500MPas350～500MPas water white transparency curing agent, and fluorescent material is carried out to pre-treatment, 50-60 DEG C of preheated one-section time;
Step 2, adopt gluing complex technique that epoxy resin and curing agent are mixed according to weight ratio 2:1, mix Y2O2S:EuFluorescent material stirs, and heating cure is removed corner and is trimmed to suitable dimension, completes fluorescence coating preparation;
Step 5, above semiconductor layer load by Y2O2The fluorescence coating that S:Eu fluorescent material and transparent adhesive tape are made, continues above itThe continuous glass packing of one deck containing gaseous state tritium source that load, forms spoke and causes fluorescent core battery part;
Embodiment 3
This example is from example 1 except following place is different, and other are all consistent.
Step 5, the gaseous state tritium source that loading is wrapped up by ZnS:Cu fluorescence coating with by elasticity clear glass above photovoltaic module,Form spoke and cause fluorescent core battery part, and add therein a super capacitor and voltage stabilizing output device, by small-power, discontinuous,The electricity collection of disperseing stores;
Step 6, transparent form above whole peripheral structure apply the good TiO of double-layer chemical stability2/Al2O3Anti-reflection filmDielectric based material, is then packaged together the unit of battery, completes to integrate photoluminescence and spoke causes the micro-of fluorescenceThe preparation of low profile photovoltaic nuclear battery. Wherein, the light-absorbing surface of radioisotopic active region area and semiconductor layer is long-pending is slightly less thanThe surface area of fluorescence coating.
The electrode that battery side is drawn is connected with electronic equipment, just can realize the power supply to equipment. Meanwhile, the periphery of batteryCladding materials can protect this microminiature battery be squeezed and the process such as shock in not damaged, performance is more reliable. ThisThe microminiature photoelectric nuclear battery that integrates photoluminescence and spoke and cause fluorescence of invention design, not only can solve in optical condition restrictedSituation under, still can convert the decay of radioactive source to electric energy, meet low-power device, miniaturized electronic devices or body and protectThe need for electricity such as warm; Again can be in light source abundance, introduce sunshine one and react on fluorescence coating, effectively promote the defeated of batteryGo out power, realize the power supply requirement of high-power equipment, complete in space program task take pictures, make a video recording and mission is explored in walking etc.Meanwhile, what in photoelectricity nuclear battery, adopt is radio isotope tritium, and its half-life is longer, can, for 12.43, fully send outWave its long-life advantage. Therefore, integrate the microminiature battery that spoke causes fluorescence and photovoltaic effect and can realize multiple use,In distinct device demand, use. In sum, caused by spoke that the combination of fluorescent core battery and photovoltaic effect battery is prepared fromPhotoelectricity nuclear battery, have the features such as radiation resistance is strong, the life-span is long, technique is simple, and semiconductor layer adopts the photovoltaic of many junctionsAssembly, can effectively widen the absorption region of the emission wavelength of fluorescence spectrum, improves the integral energy conversion efficiency of photoelectricity nuclear battery,The electricity output performance that promotes battery, makes the type nuclear battery for the special devices such as Aerospace Satellite provide power-supply system, is futureThe energy solves provides bright prospects.
Claims (4)
1. a photoelectricity nuclear battery, described nuclear battery comprises can, radioactive source layer, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, glimmeringPhotosphere, wherein, described semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly comprises the front electrode layer, semiconductor layer, the back electrode that connect successivelyLayer, described can is established a transparent form, and described radioactive source layer, fluorescence coating, semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly are establishedBe placed in can inside, and fix by can, wherein fluorescence coating is positioned at radioactive source layer and semiconductor lightBetween photovoltaic assembly, substrate of glass is connected with the front electrode layer of semiconductor light photovoltaic assembly, and fluorescence coating and radioactive source layer connectConnect described radioactive source layer outer setting glass capsulation structure, described glass capsulation structure and can transparentForms connect, it is characterized in that: described fluorescence coating is prepared by the following method,
Step 1, in potassium silicate solution, add fluorescent material fully to stir, then add barium nitrate solution, continue to stir, soAfter mixed liquor is drained in the glassware that is placed with substrate of glass, natural subsidence;
Step 2, treat to deposit fluorescent material in substrate of glass after, by its taking-up oven dry, treat that it naturally cools to normal temperatureCan obtain required fluorescence coating.
2. photoelectricity nuclear battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described radioactive source is gaseous state tritium source, fills outFill in the transparent packing of borosilicate glass elasticity of a sealing, be located in glass capsulation structure.
3. photoelectricity nuclear battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described can is ceramic material,Described transparent form is Fresnel light condensing lens, and lens surface applies a layer thickness uniformly by TiO2/Al2O3The anti-reflection film that material is made.
4. photoelectricity nuclear battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Potassium silicate solution mass concentration described in step 1 is 0.5-2%;
Described barium nitrate concentration of polymer solution is 0.1-0.5%;
The volumetric ratio of described potassium silicate solution and barium nitrate solution is 10:1-20:1, the quality of fluorescent material and fluorescence coatingThickness relationship according to following formula setting: m=ρ sh, the quality that wherein m is fluorescent material, ρ is fluorescent materialDensity, the floor space that s is glassware, the thickness that h is fluorescence coating;
Described static balance time is 1-5h;
Bake out temperature in step 2 is 200-300 DEG C, and drying time is 0.5h.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104409127B (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2017-05-10 | 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 | Composite converting type isotope battery |
| CN105070342A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州宏展信息科技有限公司 | Preparation method of fluorescence nuclear battery |
| CN105070341A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-11-18 | 苏州宏展信息科技有限公司 | Preparation method of photoelectric nuclear battery |
| CN105139912A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2015-12-09 | 苏州宏展信息科技有限公司 | Photoelectric nuclear battery fluorescent layer preparation method |
| CN105869695B (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2017-12-29 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Radioisotope battery based on gaseous state radioactive source |
| CN105931693B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-04-03 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of novel environmental radiant harvester |
| CN105788692B (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2017-11-07 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | A kind of efficient isotope battery based on gaseous state radioactive source |
| CN106941017B (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2018-07-10 | 兰州大学 | A kind of thermion-photoelectricity-thermoelectricity combined type isotope battery and preparation method thereof |
| EP4243037A4 (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2024-01-24 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd | Perovskite radiovoltaic-photovoltaic cell |
| CN115331863A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-11-11 | 西北核技术研究所 | Flexible perovskite alpha-type nuclear battery and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102237430A (en) * | 2010-04-27 | 2011-11-09 | 株式会社日立制作所 | Electric power generation method using solar cells and photovoltaic power generation system |
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| US4242147A (en) * | 1978-11-15 | 1980-12-30 | Detoia Vincent D | Device for converting waste nuclear energy to electricity |
| US5082505A (en) * | 1988-12-29 | 1992-01-21 | Cota Albert O | Self-sustaining power module |
| TW469292B (en) * | 1996-10-31 | 2001-12-21 | Samsung Display Devices Co Ltd | An improved phosphor complex having high brightness |
| US20110297213A1 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2011-12-08 | Michael Hideto Tsutagawa | Triple Junction Solar Cell |
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