CN103965974A - Lead-free aviation gasoline and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lead-free aviation gasoline and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103965974A CN103965974A CN201410206894.XA CN201410206894A CN103965974A CN 103965974 A CN103965974 A CN 103965974A CN 201410206894 A CN201410206894 A CN 201410206894A CN 103965974 A CN103965974 A CN 103965974A
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Abstract
The invention provides a lead-free aviation gasoline and a preparation method thereof. The lead-free aviation gasoline is prepared by blending 20-100% of alkanes, 0-86% of arenes, 0-10% of alkenes, 0-20% of nitrogen-containing organic compounds and 0-20% of oxygen-containing organic compounds in percentage by volume together, or prepared by use of a petrochemical refining technology. The alkanes in the lead-free aviation gasoline mainly include isoalkane and cycloalkane, the two of which are low in vapor pressure, appropriate in boiling range, and thus capable of meeting the requirements of the aviation gasoline; the lead-free aviation gasoline is low in all of the content of arenes, the content of alkenes, the content of nitrogen-containing organic compounds and the content of oxygen-containing organic compounds, and thus low in combustion pollution and advantageous for improving the environmental quality of China; besides, the motor octane number of the lead-free aviation gasoline ranges from 90 to 105, and the lead-free aviation gasoline is further high in yield, low in cost and simple in preparation method.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fuel applications technical field, relate in particular to a kind of unleaded aviation spirit and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Modern Aviation piston engine all requires to use high-octane aviation spirit.Nineteen twenty-one, the ThomasMidgleyJr. of General Motors Corporation, has found can reduce pinking after tetraethyllead joins gasoline first, improves octane value.Aviation spirit manufacturer mostly improves fuel combustion efficiency by the method for adding tetraethyllead in aviation spirit at present, increases the antiknock shake ability of gasoline.But tetraethyllead itself is exactly highly toxic substance, it can enter human body by number of ways such as respiratory system, Digestive tract and skins, causes photis, phonism, will make people go into a coma and even death when serious.The plumbous oxide generating after tetraethyllead burning is also highly toxic substance, after it invades brain, by severe jamming human body metabolic activity, causes providing brain with oxygen deficiency, causes toxic neuropathy.Quantity research shows greatly, and in metropolitan resident's health, the usage quantity of blood lead content and doped fuel is closely related.In view of adverse environment impact and the harm to human health thereof of tetraethyllead, the developed countries such as America and Europe have completely forbidden motor spirit in the mid-90 in last century and have used tetraethyllead.On January 1st, 2000, China national Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision issues " unleaded gasoline for vehicle " mandatory national standards, and starts to ban use of in the whole nation leaded motor spirit.([1] Chen Huimin. implement view and the suggestion [J] of new standard with white gasoline. oil refining design, 2000,30 (11): 56-59.)
In aviation spirit Application Areas, owing to not yet finding ripe tetraethyllead substitute at present, therefore also allow to add tetraethyllead in aviation spirit.However, to tetraethyllead, the addition in aviation spirit has carried out strict restriction in the developed countries such as America and Europe, and presents the trend reducing year by year.Recently report, caused the pollution at water source and the obvious increase of toxic neuropathy number of the infected near flight range from the lead-containing compounds in aviation spirit.
Because the pressure of environmental and human health impacts is increasing, the research and development of unleaded aviation spirit are subject to increasing attention.Look back the history of unleaded aviation spirit development, as far back as nineteen ninety, unleaded aviation spirit research has just been opened by the U.S..1998, the U.S. put into effect first unleaded aviation spirit standard " 82, No. 87 unleaded aviation spirit " ([2] ASTMD6227StandardSpecificationforGradesUL82andUL87Unlead edAviationGasoline).Along with the development of General Aviation, No. 82, No. 87 unleaded aviation spirit, because octane value is lower, can not meet most of piston engine performance requriements, substantially stop using at present.Through the painstaking efforts of 16 years, in 2006, the U.S. releases No. 94 unleaded aviation spirit tests with oily, and writes standard ([3] ASTMD7592StandardSpecificationforSpecificationforGrade94 UnleadedAviationGasolineCertificationandTestFuel).2009, the U.S. releases No. 91 unleaded aviation spirit as oil ([4] ASTMD7547StandardSpecificationforHydrocarbonUnleadedAvia tionGasoline) for commercialization, shows that the unleaded aviation spirit marketization of the U.S. is further developed.
The U.S. is carrying out the research of high-octane lead-free aviation spirit always.2005, Alfred Swift company worked out unleaded aviation spirit test oil No. 102, obtained U.S. material and the support energetically of testing association (ASTM) in 2007, and put into effect No. 102 unleaded aviation spirit standards in 2011.([5] ASTMD7719StandardSpecificationforHighOctaneUnleadedTestF uel) 1～May in 2011, FAA and EPA invite equipment manufacturers, Oil Production business, oil product wholesale dealer and oil product manager etc. to participate in unleaded aviation spirit to substitute the meeting of existing aviation spirit, and the problem such as technology (produce, authorization, dispose scheduling), economy, supervision and environment of No. 102 unleaded aviation spirit has been discussed.Harm based on tetraethyllead and the research of unleaded aviation spirit, the suggestion of Environmental Protection in America general administration is popularized in an all-round way and is used high-octane lead-free aviation spirit in the year two thousand twenty.
Technical indicator main in the existing unleaded aviation spirit standard of the U.S. is as shown in table 1 below:
The unleaded aviation spirit standard of table 1 U.S. (part)
The domestic No. 100 leaded aviation spirit of the most of use of domestic current aviation piston type engine, lead content is 1.12g/L, far above the 0.56g/L of external No. 100 low plumbous aviation spirit.After tetraethyllead burning, by producing a large amount of leaded toxic compounds, enter air, soil and water source, contaminate environment, and human body is worked the mischief.How alleviating tetraethyllead the burn environmental pollution and the ecological damage that bring, is the current urgent problem of General Aviation.
Developing rapidly of unleaded aviation spirit, will indicate a practicable road for solving General Aviation Lead contamination problem.Therefore, provide one can prepare unleaded aviation spirit, and the physical and chemical index of unleaded aviation spirit of preparation can meet domestic and international unleaded aviation spirit standard-required completely, just become this technical field urgent need to solve the problem.
Summary of the invention
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned unleaded aviation spirit, the unleaded aviation spirit of preparing by this patented method, its physical and chemical index meets the requirement of the unleaded aviation spirit standard of american society for testing and materials, meets piston-engined service requirements simultaneously.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of unleaded aviation spirit, comprises the each component of following by volume percentage meter:
Wherein, the carbonatoms of described alkane is C4～C12, the carbonatoms of described aromatic hydrocarbons is C7～C9, the carbonatoms of described alkene is C4～C10, described organic compounds containing nitrogen is aniline category matter, described oxygen-containing organic compound is ethers or alcohols, and the carbonatoms of described oxygen-containing organic compound is C1～C8.
Preferably, described alkane is isoparaffin or naphthenic hydrocarbon.
Preferably, described aromatic hydrocarbons is one or more in toluene, dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, propyl benzene and isopropyl benzene.
Preferably, described alkene is straight chain or isomeric olefine.
Preferably, described organic compounds containing nitrogen is one or more in aniline, monomethylaniline, ethylaniline and propyl group aniline.
Preferably, described ethers is one or more in methyl tertiary butyl ether, Ethyl Tertisry Butyl Ether, tert amyl methyl ether(TAME) and isopropyl ether.
Preferably, described alcohols is one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, butanols and isopropylcarbinol.
Preferably, the motor-method octane number of described unleaded aviation spirit is between 90～105.
The present invention further provides the preparation method of above-mentioned unleaded aviation spirit, comprise the following steps: 20～100% alkane of percentage meter by volume, 0～86% aromatic hydrocarbons, 0～10% alkene, 0～20% organic compounds containing nitrogen and 0～20% oxygen-containing organic compound are prepared by mediation, or prepare by petrochemical industry refining technology.
Preferably, described petrochemical industry refining technology comprises distillation cutting, catalytic cracking, hydrofining, hydrocracking, coking, reformation, alkylation, isomerization, molecular sieve adsorption, etherificate and blending step.
Compare and the shortcoming and defect of prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) alkane in unleaded aviation spirit of the present invention is taking isomery and naphthenic hydrocarbon as main, and steam forces down, and boiling range is suitable, meets the requirement of aviation spirit.
(2) in unleaded aviation spirit of the present invention, aromaticity content, olefin(e) centent, nitrogenous compound content and oxygenates level are all lower, and Air–pollution From Combustion is little, is conducive to improve the environmental quality of China.
(3) motor-method octane number of unleaded aviation spirit of the present invention is between 90～105, and yield is high, and cost is low.
(4) unleaded aviation spirit preparation of the present invention is simple.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
After the methyl tertiary butyl ether of 60% of the volume percent meter octane-iso of preparing by isomerization, 3% Trimethylmethane, 7% iso-pentane, 2% toluene, 18% dimethylbenzene, 5% Tolylamine and 5% is mixed and concocting and mix, obtain unleaded aviation spirit, the part physico-chemical property index of this unleaded aviation spirit is as shown in table 2 below:
Unleaded aviation spirit part physico-chemical property index prepared by table 2
Embodiment 2
After the tert amyl methyl ether(TAME) that the 58% C4～C10 alkane by catalytic cracking, hydrofining and distillation cutting preparation of per-cent meter by volume, the 34% C7～C9 aromatic hydrocarbons by aromizing and distillation cutting preparation, 2% aniline and 6% are prepared by etherificate is mixed and is concocted and mix, obtain unleaded aviation spirit, the part physico-chemical property index of this unleaded aviation spirit is as shown in table 3 below:
Unleaded aviation spirit part physico-chemical property index prepared by table 3
Embodiment 3
A kind of unleaded aviation spirit, by consisting of C4～C12 alkane of alkylation and distillation cutting preparation, the part physico-chemical property index of this unleaded aviation spirit is as shown in table 4 below:
Unleaded aviation spirit part physico-chemical property index prepared by table 4
Embodiment 4
By the 20% C4～C7 alkane by hydrocracking, hydrofining and distillation cutting preparation of per-cent meter by volume, 70% by after reforming and distilling C7～C9 aromatic hydrocarbons, 3% isopentene of cutting preparation and 7% isooctene and mix and concoct and mix, obtain unleaded aviation spirit, the part physico-chemical property index of this unleaded aviation spirit is as shown in table 5 below:
Unleaded aviation spirit part physico-chemical property index prepared by table 5
Embodiment 5
By the 15% C4～C6 alkane by molecular sieve adsorption and distillation cutting preparation of per-cent meter by volume, 75% by after reforming and distilling C7～C9 aromatic hydrocarbons of cutting preparation, methyl tertiary butyl ether that 5% aniline and 5% is prepared by etherificate and mix and concoct and mix, obtain unleaded aviation spirit, the part physico-chemical property index of this unleaded aviation spirit is as shown in table 6 below:
Unleaded aviation spirit part physico-chemical property index prepared by table 6
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all any amendments of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a unleaded aviation spirit, is characterized in that, comprises the each component of following by volume percentage meter:
Wherein, the carbonatoms of described alkane is C4～C12, the carbonatoms of described aromatic hydrocarbons is C7～C9, the carbonatoms of described alkene is C4～C10, described organic compounds containing nitrogen is aniline category matter, described oxygen-containing organic compound is ethers or alcohols, and the carbonatoms of described oxygen-containing organic compound is C1～C8.
2. unleaded aviation spirit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described alkane is isoparaffin or naphthenic hydrocarbon.
3. unleaded aviation spirit as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described aromatic hydrocarbons is one or more in toluene, dimethylbenzene, ethylbenzene, trimethylbenzene, propyl benzene and isopropyl benzene.
4. unleaded aviation spirit as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described alkene is straight chain or isomeric olefine.
5. unleaded aviation spirit as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described organic compounds containing nitrogen is one or more in aniline, monomethylaniline, ethylaniline and propyl group aniline.
6. unleaded aviation spirit as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described ethers is one or more in methyl tertiary butyl ether, Ethyl Tertisry Butyl Ether, tert amyl methyl ether(TAME) and isopropyl ether.
7. unleaded aviation spirit as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, described alcohols is one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol, propyl alcohol, Virahol, butanols and isopropylcarbinol.
8. unleaded aviation spirit as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the motor-method octane number of described unleaded aviation spirit is between 90～105.
9. the preparation method of a unleaded aviation spirit, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: 20～100% alkane of percentage meter by volume, 0～86% aromatic hydrocarbons, 0～10% alkene, 0～20% organic compounds containing nitrogen and 0～20% oxygen-containing organic compound are prepared by mediation, or prepare by petrochemical industry refining technology.
10. the preparation method of unleaded aviation spirit as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described petrochemical industry refining technology comprises distillation cutting, catalytic cracking, hydrofining, hydrocracking, coking, reformation, alkylation, isomerization, molecular sieve adsorption, etherificate and blending step.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104560233A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-29 | 广汉市天舟航空发动机燃料科技有限公司 | Low-lead aviation gasoline and preparation method thereof |
| CN104673410A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-06-03 | 德法尔(平原)科技有限公司 | Low-lead aviation gasoline and production method thereof |
| CN105255527A (en) * | 2015-11-22 | 2016-01-20 | 王宏 | Alkane-rich gasifying and oxygenating clean gasoline |
| CN106753615A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-31 | 德法尔(平原)科技有限公司 | A kind of unleaded aviation gasoline and preparation method thereof |
| CN106947553A (en) * | 2017-03-18 | 2017-07-14 | 青岛涌泉石油有限公司 | One kind administers haze environment friendly energy-saving gasoline |
| CN106978222A (en) * | 2017-03-18 | 2017-07-25 | 青岛涌泉石油有限公司 | One kind administers haze environment-protecting energy-saving gasoline |
| CN107216685A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-29 | 嵩县开拓者钼业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the dustless molybdenum disulfide of lubricating additive |
| CN108315060A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-24 | 河北新启元能源技术开发股份有限公司 | No. 91 unleaded aviation gasoline of one kind and its production method |
| CN109628176A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-16 | 刘伟 | A kind of fuel oil additive and preparation method thereof and preparation facilities |
| CN110300795A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-10-01 | 沙特基础工业全球技术有限公司 | Pure and mild ether fuel additive for unleaded gas |
| CN110551536A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-10 | 珠海市三悦石油化工有限公司 | Fuel with high heat value and preparation method thereof |
| WO2022095180A1 (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-12 | 东营华亚国联航空燃料有限公司 | Number 102 lead-free aviation piston type engine fuel, preparation method and raw material proportioning and mixing device |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104560233A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-29 | 广汉市天舟航空发动机燃料科技有限公司 | Low-lead aviation gasoline and preparation method thereof |
| CN104673410B (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2017-09-22 | 德法尔(平原)科技有限公司 | A kind of low lead aviation gasoline and its production method |
| CN104673410A (en) * | 2015-02-14 | 2015-06-03 | 德法尔(平原)科技有限公司 | Low-lead aviation gasoline and production method thereof |
| CN105255527A (en) * | 2015-11-22 | 2016-01-20 | 王宏 | Alkane-rich gasifying and oxygenating clean gasoline |
| CN106753615A (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2017-05-31 | 德法尔(平原)科技有限公司 | A kind of unleaded aviation gasoline and preparation method thereof |
| CN110300795A (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-10-01 | 沙特基础工业全球技术有限公司 | Pure and mild ether fuel additive for unleaded gas |
| CN106978222A (en) * | 2017-03-18 | 2017-07-25 | 青岛涌泉石油有限公司 | One kind administers haze environment-protecting energy-saving gasoline |
| CN106947553A (en) * | 2017-03-18 | 2017-07-14 | 青岛涌泉石油有限公司 | One kind administers haze environment friendly energy-saving gasoline |
| CN107216685A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-29 | 嵩县开拓者钼业有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of the dustless molybdenum disulfide of lubricating additive |
| CN108315060A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-07-24 | 河北新启元能源技术开发股份有限公司 | No. 91 unleaded aviation gasoline of one kind and its production method |
| CN109628176A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-16 | 刘伟 | A kind of fuel oil additive and preparation method thereof and preparation facilities |
| CN110551536A (en) * | 2019-08-26 | 2019-12-10 | 珠海市三悦石油化工有限公司 | Fuel with high heat value and preparation method thereof |
| WO2022095180A1 (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-05-12 | 东营华亚国联航空燃料有限公司 | Number 102 lead-free aviation piston type engine fuel, preparation method and raw material proportioning and mixing device |
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