CN103960467B - A kind of agent of modified form straw ammoniation and its application method - Google Patents
A kind of agent of modified form straw ammoniation and its application method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of feed addictive for improving straw ammoniation efficiency with improve ruminant production performance.Described feed addictive is mainly made up of A agent with B agent, and raw material components weight portion A agent is：12 parts of urea, 12 parts of attapulgite powder, 0.2 0.4 parts of anhydrous sodium sulfate；B agent is：The weight portion of raw material components is 12 parts of attapulgite powder.Commercial lignocellulose degradation microbial inoculum can be added in component A (every gram of viable count is more than 1 × 10 to further improve ammonification rate9) 0.05 0.10 parts.Feed addictive of the invention obtained can be directly added into stalk, and ruminant eats the stalk that with the addition of the additive treating, can significantly improve absorbing to contained nutrients such as stalk and the urea for being added.The raw material sources that the present invention is selected extensively, easily purchase by market；Preparation process is simple；Easy to use, environmental protection will not cause any hazard residue.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to feed additive field, and in particular to one kind improves straw ammoniation efficiency and improves its crude fibre drop
The feed addictive of solution rate.
Background technology
China is had a large population and a few land, and very big regional agriculture ecological condition is severe, and high quality forage cultivation is less, and commodity hay price is held high
It is expensive, cause the most area Livestock high quality grass of China to lack, particularly winter fodder grass lacks, therefore how effectively to utilize
Existing fodder grass resource is the important means for ensureing China's plant-eating animal aquaculture healthy and rapid development.China's agricultural crop straw
More than 600,000,000 tons, in the north based on corn and wheat, in south based on paddy rice, these stalk resources are important feedings to yield
Material resource, is feed by stover if can be processed using appropriate method, will significantly alleviate China plant-eating animal forage grass
The present situation of shortage.At present, ratio of China's stalk as feed is also relatively low, and the ratio that such as China's maize straw is used as feed is 1/
3, paddy rice is 1/4, and wheat is minimum, only 11% or so, and influence straw feed utilization rate principal element be stalk digestion profit
It is low low with crude protein content with rate, therefore, it is necessary to carry out appropriate working process to it could be used as feed.At straw feed
The method of reason is more, such as crushes granulation, alkalization, expanded, microbial, but ammonification is the most economic, simple processing method, while
It is also the preferable processing method of effect, straw ammoniation was just paid attention to since the seventies in last century by people, had carried out many-side
Research and carried out popularization and application in some areas.
Aminating agent is remarkably improved straw crude protein content by ammonification, while changing its fibre structure, improves crude fibre
Degradation rate, so as to improve the comprehensive nutrient and Feeding Value of stalk.Preparation used by general straw ammoniation be feeding urea, ammoniacal liquor,
Carbon ammonium, ammonium sulfate etc..The correlative study carried out in the recent period mainly has：
1st, Liu Lusheng etc. (2012) urea, carbon ammonium and ammoniacal liquor, concentration are respectively 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 8%
(concentration accounts for the percentage of stalk dry matter content for aminating agent, and ammonia concn used is 20%), to process rice straw, water saving of withering
Divide content, while adding aminating agent, pack carries out ammonification under corresponding conditionses, and ammonification bottle (bag) is opened after the completion of ammonification, enters
Row naked eyes evaluation, then puts ammonia 48h, and for influence of the residual aminating agent to measurement result is completely eliminated, ammoniated straw is low at 65 DEG C
The lower drying of temperature, is then crushed, and the measure of crude protein is carried out using Kjeldahl's method.Result thinks：Ammonification can be obviously improved water
Rice straw quality, significantly improves crude protein content.Ammoniacal liquor is the Suitable agents of rice straw ammonification, its ammonification low cost, ammonification
Preferably, ammoniacal liquor broiler diets are 8% to effect.The adequate moisture content of rice straw ammonification is 30%, prescinds 2cm, and density is
(from the point of view of the CP contents of each treatment, density is lower, and stalk CP contents are higher, illustrates that highdensity stalk is unfavorable for ammonia for 60kg/m3
The infiltration of gas, so as to be unfavorable for being smoothed out for ammonification)；High temperature ammoniated straw is preferably utilized immediately, is difficult long-term in high temperature bar
Preserved under part, cryogenic conditions preservation is gone to after the completion of ammonification；Low temperature ammoniated stalk can then preserve the long period.
2nd, Liu Xiangyang etc. (2002) has carried out ammoniated straw quality of the fodder and has determined index study, and has formulated evaluation mark
It is accurate.Think that biotechnology method can more fully identify feed quality, using 48h rumen digestibilities as deliberated index, rating
Percentage point value added according to dry matter degradability determines that 10~15 is outstanding, and 8~9 is good, and 5~6 is qualifying.It is carried out
Result of the test draw：Maize straw bovine rumen dry matter degradability η improves 13.34%.
3rd, Wang Meichun (2000) has carried out loss of total nitrogen in ammonified straw research, according to wheat straw: water: urea ratio 100: 30: 4
The ammoniated forage of making, I, No. II material nitrogen content are respectively 1.1317%, 1.3718%, and 161.91% is improved in itself than wheat straw,
217.55%.2 kinds of material are stacked by 1~130d rooms, No. I material full nitrogen loss 15.81% of full period；No. II material full nitrogen loss of full period
29.85%.Result shows：The ammonification material that wheat straw comminution ratio hand hay cutter grass makes improves nitrogen content 21.22%；Ammonification material should not be deposited in
Interior, should under air-proof condition with take with, it is ensured that complete effective utilization of ammonification material nitrogen.The wheat straw for making ammonification material is not influenceing
Cattle and sheep should increase the adsorption capacity of nitrogen in the case of ruminating by crushing, and improve nitrogen content.
4th, gold China etc. (2009) has carried out ammonification and the nutritive value research of ensiling stalks, and corn stalk feed is through urea ammonia
Change, quality is superior etc., protein increases by 142.72%, neutral detergent fiber reduction by 9.36%, acid detergent fiber reduction
9.11%, 24h gas production are 39.2mL, higher than control group by 36.11%.
5th, Ou Aiming etc. (2005) has carried out the experiment that Ammoniated rice straw substitutes green hay feeding lactating cow, as a result thinks：
This experiment feeds 4 kilograms of Ammoniated rice straw daily, and milk cow likes feeding, has no adverse reaction, and the more non-Ammoniated rice straw of palatability has substantially
Improve, the average daily milk production of 2 groups of milk cows is respectively 17.78 kilograms and 17.98 kilograms, not notable (the P ＞ of difference in experimental period
0.05).The A.milkfat percentage of test group milk cow is 3.61%, and pole is significantly higher than the 3.57% of control group；Every year may be used per cow head
Save more than 100 yuan of feeding cost.Result shows：Under conditions of this experiment feeds identical fine fodder and cobalt blue pigment, Ammoniated rice straw can be with
The output of milk and butterfat percnetage of milk cow are not interfered with instead of green hay feeding lactating cow, and feeding cost can be reduced.
6th, Pan Cunxia etc. (2007) has carried out influence of the different urea levels to ammoniated straw digestibility, and experiment uses nylon
Bag method, determine urea concentration be respectively 2.0%, 4.5%, the ammoniated straw (based on dry) of 7.0%DM and non-ammonification
Nutrient disappearance rate of the stalk in Rumen 48h.Result of the test shows, Ammoniated rice straw stalk cud 48h dry (DM),
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the degradation rate of acid detergent fiber (ADF) have different degrees of increase than non-Ammoniated rice straw, especially
Degradation rate with urea concentration as 4.5%DM is as highest (P ＜ 0.05).
7th, Zhu Qiuhua etc. (2001) has carried out Ammoniated rice straw and sheep's hay feeding lactating cow contrast test, and straw is led in experiment
Cross the ammonification of stacking carbon ammonium and substitute sheep's hay feeding lactating cow.Result shows, straw is by after ammonification, increased the flexibility of straw
And dilation, the protein content of Ammoniated rice straw brings up to 7.8% from 4.5%, and crude fat content brings up to 1.2% from 0.9%,
Crude fiber content drops to 33.1% from 39.8%.Ammoniated rice straw feeds lactating cow comparative test result and shows with sheep's hay, milk
Ox the indices such as output of milk, butterfat percnetage and lactoprotein illustrate that Ammoniated rice straw can generation through checking difference not notable (P ＞ 0.05)
Lactating cow is fed for sheep's hay, every lactating cow can save more than 200 yuan of feeding cost for 1 year, while solve straw and piling up and burning
The environmental problem brought is ruined, is improved the economic and social benefits.
8th, the compiling such as Gaoqing China (2003) describes the straw ammoniation method of Japan, in order to reduce ammonification cost and prevent house
Poultry poisoning, typically by the note people amount control of liquefied ammonia in the heavy 2.5%-3.5% of stalk (dry).According to surveying and determination, after ammonia is by note people,
70% ammonia can be present in the middle of stalk, and 20% ammonia is absorbed by stalk and is present in stalk fibre.Ammonia in the middle of stalk can be
Bale is vapored away rapidly after being opened.So, it is general in practical operation that liquefied ammonia is noted the middle part and bottom of people's bale, and require
, 20% or so, the moisture of bottom should be more than 30% for the moisture at middle part.Now, some new-type liquefied ammonia note people's systems
And processing method, can successfully process bale of the water content more than 40% by more effectively inculcating ammonia.According to surveying and determination, 0 DEG C with
Under, the ammoniated treatment time needs 8 weeks, and 4~8 weeks are needed at 5~15 DEG C, 1~4 week is needed at 15~30 DEG C, at 30 DEG C
Only need 1 time-of-week.After liquefied ammonia is by note people, cellar for storing things (bale) interior temperature can quickly be raised to highest (40-60 DEG C) in 2~6h,
And maximum temperature is then decided by the factors such as environment temperature, the note people amount of ammonia and moisture.
9th, Pi Xiaobo etc. (2009) has carried out agricultural crop straw ammonification and has fed the experiment of standby milk cow, no matter as a result thinking to adopt
Store with cellar for storing things storage, stocking and storing or bag, can obtain high-quality ammoniated forage.Big in view of kiln storage investment, bag storage is insecure, and promotion uses heap
Pile mode ammonification, invests small effect good.With the increase of amount of urea, ammoniated forage pH value rises therewith, and paste fragrance gradually becomes
Dense, palatability is gradually stepped up, while ammonia taste becomes larger.In view of cost and effect, amount of urea is with every 100kg stalks 4.5
~5.0kg is standard, to ensure that part ammonia is lost without influence ammoniated forage quality after putting ammonia.With the increase of amount of water, stem
Food value of leaf ground pliability is improved, and wettability increases, and palatability is improved.Need to put ammonia in advance in view of when utilizing, part moisture can be with
Forfeiture and influence stalk pliability and wettability, reduce palatability, therefore amount of water is advisable with every 100kg stalks 45kg.
10th, Pan Xiang etc. (2000) has carried out stalk without film ammonification technical research, as a result thinks：The ring as 15~30 DEG C
Tested at a temperature of border, in nutritional ingredient, without film with to have film ammonification difference not notable；It was with 20 days or so without film ammoniated treatment
Preferably；If without application of membrane in production, the whole nation can save 1.5 hundred million yuan every year；In order to prevent entering without film ammonification straw because of rainwater
Stalk and increase the ratio of moisture in ammoniated straw, so as to mildew phenomena occur, it is proposed that made in greenhouse without film ammoniated straw or
Covered the very useful plastics of pile are thin.
11st, Li is strong etc. (2006) has carried out ammonification and solid state fermentation maize straw produces the research of forage protein, research
Result thinks：The temperature and time that ammoniated treatment is carried out to maize straw using ammoniacal liquor is advisable with 35 DEG C and 9d, corn after ammonification
The crude protein content of stalk is up to 15.38%.Further combined bacterial strain solid state fermentation, combination bacterial strain are sent out with rattan bacterium solution solid-state is added
Ferment and combination solid state fermentation of bacterial strain ferment with 3 kinds of approach of the secondary solid state fermentation of rattan bacterium solution are added, as a result with the effect of secondary fermentation
Preferably, the crude protein content of tunning brings up to 24.99% to fruit by 3.15%, and true protein content is brought up to by 2.30%
20.21%.Maize straw through ammoniated treatment again solid state fermentation of combined bacterial strain with plus the secondary solid state fermentation of rattan bacterium solution, make it
Nutritive value is significantly improved, and can be used as forage protein, thus is a kind of increase maize straw nutritive value, carries
Renewable resource utilization ratio high, reduces the effective technology measure that crop straw burning pollutes environment.
12nd, Wang Tongjia etc. (2009) has carried out ammonification, ensiling stalks feed Vitro Digestibility comparative studies, as a result thinks：
The corn stalk dry of urea ammoniated group, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and acidic cleaning
The Vitro Digestibility highest of lignin, and control group significant difference (P ＜ 0.05), except dry and conventional ensiling group and additional A6
Outside ensiling group significant difference, other compositions are without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conventional ensiling group and additional A6 ensilings group and control group
Compared to except acidic cleaning fiber differences not significantly in addition to, the equal significant difference of other compositions (P ＜ 0.05).
13rd, beam Red Army etc. (2011) has carried out the effect observation experiment of ammoniated corn fodder feeding sheep, is to use 1% using method
Urea liquid be equably sprayed in corn stalk (cut up with a hay cutter into 2~3cm) and mix thoroughly after, load in the polybag of tubular, sack is tightened,
Carry out ammoniated treatment；Experiment separating tests group and control group, 2 groups of sheep are herded using daytime, and night receives the feeding manner for herding supplementary feeding.
The daily supplementary feeding ammoniated corn fodder 0.5kg of the sheep every of test group, and the daily free choice feeding Dry corn stalk of the sheep every of control group, number
Amount is not limited；The time of experiment is 120d, as a result thinks the sheep weightening 1.76kgs more than the sheep every of control group of test group, is pressed
12.00 yuan/kg is calculated, and can increase income 21.12 yuan more；Every sheep of test group takes in 6.36 more than control group fecund wool 0.53kg
Unit.2 sheep of total test group than the sheep every of control group more increases income 27.48 yuan.The expense for deducting making ammoniated corn fodder is (every
Kilogram 0.14 yuan of ammoniated corn fodder), test period is 120d, every sheep feeding ammoniated corn fodder 60kg of test group, adds up to expense
8.40 yuan.Test group is purer than every sheep of control group to be increased income into 19.08 yuan, and economic benefit is fairly obvious.
14th, Guo great Wei etc. (2010) has carried out influence of the different ammonating process to straw ammonification effect and Lamb performance
Research, 4 groups are divided for examination straw, and straw is not processed as control group (I)；Quick negative pressure ammonification tank treatment group (II)：Straw bundle is in ammonia
Give the air pressure conditions that pressure is 0.2Mp (gauge pressure) individual atmospheric pressure in change tank again after negative-pressure vacuum, ammonification is carried out to straw bundle
Treatment 1h, takes out straw bundle from ammonification tank afterwards, and gravity-flow ventilation dissipates taste；The packed treatment group of negative pressure (III) is by the rice straw of before processing
Cut up with a hay cutter into 2~3cm long, be then placed on the big polybag of cuboid (length × width × height about 3m × 2m × 1m), bag surrounding is with wooden
Fence is fixed, in case polybag is toppled over, during rice straw successively added into bag, and the uniform 25% straw weight of sprinkling of every layer of rice straw
Water, treads rear envelope, then with vavuum pump by evacuating air in bag, and distinguishes from the middle of cuboid polybag and 4 angles
The ammonia of 3% rice straw gross weight is passed through, the ammonification time is 10d (natural environment maximum temperature is 30 DEG C or so), after ammonification terminates
Rice straw after ammonification is placed in ventilation and places more than 3d, to stalk without ammonia taste；The packed treatment group of normal pressure (IV), the treatment with III
Method is basically identical, simply not air in evacuable bag before ammonification, and ammonification of directly ventilating, amination conditions are constant.
Result thinks：DM, CP, DNF of each ammonification group straw are identical with the variation tendency of the apparent digestibility of ADF, by height
It is the quick packed treatment group ＞ control groups of negative pressure ammonification tank treatment group ＞ normal pressures of the packed treatment group ＞ of negative pressure to low order.Each ammonification
Group rice straw 48h disappearance rate pole of DM, CP, NDF and ADF in cud is significantly higher than untreated rice straw (P ＜ 0.01).Each ammonification
The roughage feed intake and average daily gain of group are significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05).In sum, at quick negative pressure ammonification tank
Reason can replace traditional ammonification mode, and not only treatment effect is more satisfactory, and the ammonification time is short, be adapted to the work of all kinds of straw ammoniations
Industry metaplasia is produced.
15th, Cao Chunmei etc. (2005) has carried out the proper method research for improving ammoniated treatment straw crude protein content, with hydrogen
Sodium oxide molybdena, hydrogen peroxide, quick lime, white lime, urea are inorganic agent, carry out various concentrations and various combination mode processes wheat
The experiment of straw and naked oats straw.Result shows：More than 5% quick lime combines raising efficiency highest with urea, is simple 5% urea
4 times of ammoniation process.Urea dosage is determined in suggestion production as needed, it is enough for 2% urea of addition.
Attapulgite also known as palygorskite, are a kind of layer of clay minerals of magnesium alumino metasilicate containing Shuifu County of chain structure.Concave convex rod glues
Soil refers to a kind of rare natural non-metallic clay mineral with attapulgite as main mineral constituent, is mineralogically under the jurisdiction of
Sepiolite group.Attapulgite has special fibre structure, a unusual colloid, thus with huge specific surface area, strong
Caking property and absorption property, are widely used in every field.The suction-operated of attapulgite includes physical absorption and chemistry
Absorption.The essence of its physical absorption is that adsorption molecule is adsorbed the surfaces externally and internally in attapulgite by Van der Waals force.It is concavo-convex
The chemisorbed principle of rod soil mainly includes：1. the absorption that charge unbalance causes is mainly by the ion and crystalline substance of different valence state
There is the adsorption effect for exchanging and attapulgite's surface distribution of charges imbalance is brought in Mg2+, A13+, Fe3+ in body；②
The fracture of oxygen silicon key can form covalent bond with adsorbed material in Si-O-Si, produce stronger adsorption capacity.
At present, many scholars are devoted to the study on the modification of attapulgite, generally using acidifying, ultrasonic wave, roasting and table
The technology such as face is organically-modified, larger to improve its adsorbance, and is applied to waste water, exhaust-gas treatment, in particular for right
The absorption of heavy metal ions in wastewater, achieves significant effect.Such as Wang Li is washed and carbon using calcining, pickling, alkali cleaning, oronain
The method that ammonium is washed is modified to attapulgite, and the attapulgite modified exchange adsorption ability to potassium, calcium, magnesium ion is stronger.It is yellow
Strong flower etc. carries out OTAC to attapulgite and is modified using ultrasonic technology, and with phenol clearance be finger
Mark, studies and has drawn that the Optimal technique process that attapulgite modified Pyrogentisinic Acid is adsorbed is：Duration of oscillation 60min, dosage
2.5g, 25 DEG C of vibration temperature, hunting speed 140r/min.Wang Maoyuan etc. have studied the performance of attapulgite modified absorption Mo (VI)
And mechanism, initial concentration, pH, adsorption time and the temperature for having inquired into Mo (VI) solution adsorb the shadow of Mo (VI) performance to it
Ring, drawn suitable adsorption conditionses.
In addition to upper environmental protection application, attapulgite also containing various macroelements and trace element necessary to livestock and poultry, has
Promote animal growth, adjust the functions such as body metabolism, enhancing immunity of organisms.And there are many sizes in its structure
Homogeneous duct and cavity, surface irregularity, therefore have stronger adsorptivity, heavy metal ion in animal body can be adsorbed.Due to it
Aboundresources, it is cheap, therefore its existing a wide range of application in its feeding industry.The main research of correlation carried out in the recent period
Have：
1st, Qiu Haijian etc. (2009) has carried out the influence of attapulgite clay and zeolite to broiler fodder granulation processing trait
Research, adds 3% attapulgite clay (referred to as recessed soil), 3% zeolite, 5% recessed soil, 5% zeolite, 2.5% respectively in feed
Recessed soil plus 2.5% zeolite, inquire into the influence of recessed native processing trait of being pelletized to broiler fodder with zeolite.Result shows, with control group
Compare, 3% recessed soil of addition, 3% zeolite, 5% recessed soil, 5% zeolite, 2.5% recessed soil plus 2.5% zeolite make feed granules hardness
It has been respectively increased 20.71%, 21.43%, 30.00%, 34.29%, 40.71% (P ＜ 0.01)；Feed rate containing powder is reduced respectively
0.75,0.60,1.21,1.02,1.44 percentage points (P ＜ 0.01)；Feed pulverization rate reduces 10.86 respectively, 9.39,
17.39th, 15.79 and 17.73 percentage points (P ＜ 0.01).With the raising of recessed soil and zeolite content, the pellet hardness of feed is carried
Height, pulverization rate and rate containing powder decline, and preferable to add the effect of 2.5% recessed soil and 2.5% zeolite.
(2002) experimental study such as the 2nd, golden light is bright adds Concave-convex clay rod powder to growth period goose in basal diet
The influence of growth performance.60 age in days goose 600 is selected in experiment, and male and female is arranged in pairs or groups by a certain percentage, is randomly divided into 6 groups, every group 100
Only, 5 test groups and 1 control group.Concave-convex clay rod powder is added to basal diet by 2,4,6,8 and 10% ratio respectively
In.Experimental period is 100d.Result of the test shows：Concave-convex clay rod powder has obvious promotion to make to the growth performance of growth period goose
With taking especially addition as the test group goose best results of 4%-6% ratios.
3rd, Shen Fei etc. (2006) points out in the exploitation of exploitation Mingguang, anhui city Concave-convex clay rod resource, complete at present
World's Attapulgite clay produces the only country such as the U.S., Russia, China and Australia that resource has verified large ore deposit,
And China is the country that East Asia Region uniquely finds Concave-convex clay rod industrial mineral deposit.The Attapulgite clay of China produces resource
Jian Xi, the band of official mountain one of Anhui Province Mingguang City are mainly distributed on, explored mineral reserve reserves, grade, year exploitation scale are inferior to
The U.S. and Russia, occupy third place in the world.
4th, Zhang Danjun (1999) has carried out the application study that Concave-convex clay rod powder is added in hair rabbit daily ration, as a result thinks
Recessed native powder is added in daily ration has obvious facilitation to the production performance of German Pili in Fetus of Haired Rabbit, recessed with basal diet addition 10%
Native powder best results.
5th, Yang Ruihong (2011) has carried out Study on adsorption properties of the attapulgite to Cd (II), as a result thinks attapulgite pair
The absorption of heavy metal ions in wastewater is mainly by factors such as adsorption time, metal ion initial concentration, attapulgite dosages
Influence.Attapulgite shows the experiment of Cd (II) ionic adsorption：When 20mg/L Cd (II) adsorption time is 60min and concave convex rod
When native dosage is 60g/L, clearance reaches 94.6%, it can be seen that its removal to the heavy metal ion in waste water has aobvious
Write effect；Acidifying attapulgite is significantly improved to the adsorption rate of Cd (II).When dosage be 40g/L when adsorption rate up to 93.5%,
And adsorbance reaches 98.2% when attapulgite dosage increases to 60g/L.As can be seen here, the study on the modification pair of the adsorbent
It is significant in the prospect of water treatment applications development.
6th, once road etc. (2011) have carried out research of the different silicate mineral materials to mycotoxin adsorption performance, as a result recognize
It is that montmorillonite, zeolite and concave convex rod absorbing toxin effect and the stability for forming compound are preferable；6 kinds of adsorbents are to highly polar poison
Plain adsorption capacity is better than low polarity toxin.
7th, Hu Zhongze etc. (2000) has carried out influence research of the concave convex rod to daily ration of broiler nutrient, as a result thinks daily ration
The attapulgite of middle addition 3%-7%, can improve broiler growth (P ＜ 0.05) and feed conversion rate (P ＜ 0.01), and thick egg
White matter utilization rate (P ＜ 0.05)；Add 3%-9% attapulgite can improve essential amino acid utilization rate (P ＜ 0.05) and always
Rate of ultilization of amino acid (P ＜ 0.05-0.01).Wherein best to add 5% attapulgite growth of meat chicken effect, weightening is than control
Group improves 8.76% (P ＜ 0.05).Feedstuff-meat ratio declines 8.33% (P ＜ 0.01), thick protein utilization rate and improves 7.40% (P ＜
0.05), essential amino acid utilization rate improves 3.34% (P ＜ 0.05), total amino acid utilization rate and improves 4.23% (P ＜ 0.01).
But addition attapulgite is not obvious (P ＞ 0.05) on capacity usage ratio influence in daily ration of broiler.
Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4.10H2O, popular name saltcake) be from ore, mineral spring or seawater obtain natural minerals through decoct refining and
Into.Saltcake is prismatic or rectangle crystalline solid, and water white transparency is water-soluble.It is bitter in taste, into, Great Cold.It is heated or weathering easily loses
The crystallization water, becomes the anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na of white powder or crystal2SO4), its alias is glauber salt.Chemical composition：Main sulfur-bearing
The inorganic salts such as (20~22.6%) and sodium chloride, magnesium sulfate.
Many scholars think that the element sulphur in sodium sulphate can improve the absorption profit of nitrogen and other nutriments in feed
With promotion livestock and poultry vivo oxidation reduction process.Sodium sulphate is added in swine rationses, its liver internal protein and core can be promoted to ward off core
The synthesis of acid, improve muscle, in blood vitamin A and vitamin B group concentration, make in a organized way, sulfydryl and paddy Guang in organ
Sweet peptide content increases, and can improve weightening and improve meat quality.So, the former Soviet Union, Japan, the U.S., Canada and other permitted
Many countries are all using sodium sulphate as additive for farm animal feed.Domestic scholars experimental study in recent years is proved, added in daily ration
0.4~1.0% sodium sulphate, can improve the weightening of broiler chicken and Market pigs, increase the cow output of milk and hen egg production, and effectively
Prevention and treatment chicken pecks addiction on ground.The report for comparing tool representative has：
1st, Zhang Jiatai (1993) feeds growing and fattening pigs using sodium sulphate, as a result shows that sodium sulphate additive has in husbandry sector
There is feeding value higher.It is optimum level to add 0.6% in terms of additive capacity.And this source of additive is extensively easy to get, into
This is cheap, easy to use, and continuous using having no side effect, also the worry of nonpollution environment, safe and reliable.
2nd, Jiang Zongze (1992) has carried out sulfuric acid sodium additives to bacon hogs weightening and the influence of feed conversion rate research,
Result shows that the sodium sulphate of addition 0.6% in daily ration is optimum level, and rate of body weight gain, feed conversion rate and economic benefit compare control group
It is respectively increased 22.96%, 18.72% and 88.09%.
3rd, Wang Naiying (223001) reviews sulfuric acid and fishes the application in poultry receipts industry, it is indicated that the cud of the ruminant such as cattle and sheep
Microorganism, can synthesize sulfur-containing amino acid using sodium sulphate.Having experiment confirms：When sheep replaces natural with urea (containing ammonia not sulfur-bearing)
When protein feeds without supplementing sodium sulphate simultaneously, because of the biosynthesis block of sulfur-containing amino acid in cud, cause the depauperation of sheep,
Weight loss, wool production declines.Show that sodium sulphate can participate in the biosynthesis of keratin, accelerate the life of fur and feather fiber
It is long, improve fur yield.The ratio of nitrogen and sulphur is preferred with 10: 1 in general daily ration.So, when supplementing appropriate sulfuric acid in daily ration
Sodium, then can save sulfur-containing amino acid (methionine, cystine), so as to reduce feeding cost, increase economic efficiency.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that most aminating agents used in traditional straw ammoniation is urea, next carbon ammonium, thiamines and ammonia
Water is also used, and from providing in terms of unit nonprotein nitrogen cost calculation, ammoniacal liquor is minimum, next to that carbon ammonium, but due to ammoniacal liquor fortune
Defeated risk is big, need special tank car, and using trouble, inconvenience is promoted aborning；Although carbon ammonium cost is relatively low compared with urea, consider
To cost of transportation, the two difference is not notable under existing market price.Therefore the present invention still selects urea conduct in this context
Aminating agent.From in terms of substantial amounts of ammonification result of the test, the aminating agent of addition, wherein only about 30% NPN is deposited in stalk, its
Yu Jun is decomposed into during ammonia escapes air under natural urase effect, and not only significant wastage, also has harmful effect to environment.
Domestic existing many of attapulgite powder fodder application is reported, but it is directly added primarily as feed addictive
To in fine fodder, it is desirable to provide mycotoxin function in trace element, macroelement, adsorption feed, and the thing possessed using it
Manage viscosity to improve feed granulating quality, reduce particulate material pulverization rate etc..Straw ammoniation can be effectively adsorbed using attapulgite powder
During the remaining ammonia that discharges (account for total nitrogenous 60%), reduce it and discharged to air, improved with straw ammoniation agent use in conjunction
Ammoniation efficiency has no report.
Sodium sulphate has been shown in many reports as feed addictive application, but mostly feed addictive is directly appended to fine fodder
In, application simultaneously is combined with straw ammoniation agent, nonprotein nitrogen is sharp in vivo in being used to improve aminating agent as element sulphur replenishers
Report is had no with rate.
To sum up, in recent years on the research of straw ammoniation agent, majority is directly to add single nitrogenous thing aminating agent, Shao Shuoyi
A little researchs have simple chemical combination (such as aminating agent hydrogenation sodium oxide molybdena or hydrogen peroxide, quick lime, white lime), not from physics,
Chemical terms, are exchanged (with NH by physical absorption with chemical ion+4Form) reclaim remaining ammonia and combined with improving Ammoniation efficiency
Using attapulgite powder；Also have no while the sulphur that can improve the deposition in animal body of nonprotein nitrogen in ammoniated straw is used in combination
Sour sodium, and stalk lignocellulose degradation rate can be improved and then further improve the microbial inoculum of ammonification rate.Therefore, this research is compound specially
There is productive value and technological innovation higher with straw ammoniation agent.
The content of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of feed for improving straw ammoniation agent Ammoniation efficiency and its NPN deposition efficiency in vivo
Additive.The additive can be directly added into stalk, and addition accounts for stalk 5% (based on dry), adult ruminant food
With the straw feed that with the addition of the additive treating, can improve to stalk dry (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid
Property washing fiber (ADF) percent hydrolysis, increase deposition of the ammonia nitrogen in animal tissue.It is final to improve weightening, the output of milk and product
Gross weight, saves protein feed consumption in fine fodder.To achieve the above object, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
1st, the feed addictive of straw ammoniation, it is characterised in that：It is characterized in that：Additive formulations are by A agent and B agent groups
Into the weight portion of A agent raw material components is following formula：
Urea 1-2 parts
Attapulgite powder 1-2 parts
Anhydrous sodium sulfate 0.2-0.4 parts
The weight portion of B agent raw material components is：Attapulgite powder 1-2 parts
2nd, feed addictive according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In described formula material A agent components also
It is added with the material of following weight portion：Commercial lignocellulose degradation microbial inoculum：0.05-0.10 parts, every gram of microbial inoculum contains viable bacteria more than 1,000,000,000.
3rd, the straw ammoniation agent A agent of invention, by accounting for based on stalk dry, is uniformly mixed through crushing in advance with mass ratio 4%
Crop material (1~3cm of length) in, then by account for stalk mass ratio 30% (without lignocellulose degradation bacterium improve aminating agent) with
45% (bacterium containing lignocellulose degradation improve aminating agent) is to injecting clean drinking water, appropriate compressed straw heap, finally in straw in stalk
Stalk heap top layer sprays B agent, and it accounts for stalk mass ratio about 1%.
Specific embodiment
Effect of the invention is illustrated in further detail with reference to embodiment and application examples.
Embodiment 1
A kind of feed addictive for improving straw ammoniation agent Ammoniation efficiency and its NPN deposition efficiency in vivo, wherein A
Agent is by 20.0 kilograms of feeding urea (nitrogen content more than 46.5%), 16.0 kilograms of attapulgite powder (100 mesh), anhydrous sodium sulfate
(Na2SO4) 4.0 kilograms constitute；B agent is made up of attapulgite powder 10.0 kilograms (100 mesh).
Preparation method is carried out as follows：
(1) 20.0 kilograms of feeding urea (nitrogen content more than 46.5%) is weighed, 16.0 kilograms of attapulgite powder (100 mesh),
Anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) 4.0 kilograms, it is sufficiently mixed composition A agent；Weigh 10.0 kilograms of attapulgite powder (100 mesh) and constitute B
Agent, B agent separate pouch packaging；
(2) A agent, B agent attaches together packing, sealing, the shady and cool preservation of ventilation, used as 1 ton of straw ammoniation consumption.
Embodiment 2
A kind of feed addictive for improving straw ammoniation agent Ammoniation efficiency and its NPN deposition efficiency in vivo, wherein A
Agent is by 20.0 kilograms of feeding urea (nitrogen content more than 46.5%), 15.0 kilograms of attapulgite powder (100 mesh), anhydrous sodium sulfate
(Na2S04) 4.0 kilograms, 1.0 kilograms of compositions of commercial lignocellulose degradation microbial inoculum；B agent is by 10.0 kilograms of attapulgite powder (100 mesh)
Constitute.
Preparation method is carried out as follows：
(1) 20.0 kilograms of urea (nitrogen content more than 46.5%) is weighed, 15.0 kilograms of attapulgite powder (100 mesh) is anhydrous
Sodium sulphate (Na2S04) 4.0 kilograms, 1.0 kilograms of commercial lignocellulose degradation microbial inoculum is weighed, it is sufficiently mixed composition A agent；
(2) 10.0 kilograms of attapulgite powder (100 mesh) is claimed to constitute B agent, B agent separate pouch packaging；
(3) A agent, B agent attaches together packing, sealing, the shady and cool preservation of ventilation, used as 1 ton of straw ammoniation consumption.
Result of study of the straw of the additive treating of the present invention of application examples 1 to the raising lactating cow output of milk
1 materials and methods
1.1 experimental designs：Designed using single factor experiment, study the straw of different aminating agents treatment, NPN deposition efficiencies and
Its influence to milk production of cow and milk-quality.The untreated straw of control group Cow-feeding, 1,2,3 groups of milk cows feed respectively for experiment
Add the straw of the improvement aminating agent treatment of the stone flour of 2.0% urea+3.0%, 5% improvement aminating agent, 5% containing composite bacteria.Often
Group (treatment) has 6 (repetitions) to be in the lactating cow of middle and later periods of giving milk, 35 days experimental periods.
1.2 test materials
1.2.1 experimental animal：24 body weight, parity and the basically identical holstein cows of the output of milk, are randomly divided into 4
Group, every group 6, trophic level as required is supported with drylot feeding.Carry out the feeding experiment of 35d by a definite date.Each group milk cow is same daily
Feeding is 9.5kg autogamys fine fodder (consisting of corn flour 55%, dregs of beans 12%, wheat bran 22%, miscellaneous dregs of rice 4%, salt 1%, shellfish
Shell powder 2%, phosphoric acid hydrogen calcium premix 4%), 10kg Silage Corn Straws, 18kg greenfeeds；The difference is that feeding respectively different
The roughage (straw of 4kg different disposals) for the treatment of.
1.2.2 feeding and management and data record are tested, and feeding and management is carried out according to cattle farm producting rule, are carried out disease and are prevented
Control, experiment milk cow is positioned by special messenger and fed, individual list groove is raised, it is ensured that sufficient drinking-water, go daily sports ground activity 2 times (on
Noon and each 1 time of afternoon), mechanical milking is milked 3 times (6 daily:30,12:30,18:30).Milk sample was followed the example of by morning:In: evening is with 4
: 3: 3 mass ratioes, each point of milk sample is well mixed as one sample of the same day.(5 days) are divided 24 oxen from less to more during prerun
Not Tian Jia different disposal straw, each group Niu Douneng has normally been searched for food straw.
1.3 test methods
1.3.1 Ammoniated rice straw nutrient component determining
According to the stalk disposal methods straw more than 35 days of application claims, 500 grams of stalk for taking different disposal is put
65 DEG C of drying are taken out and crushed 40 mesh sieves, every kind of place through Sample Grinder again after preliminary shredding to constant weight in air dry oven
Reason leaves and takes 100 grams of sample to be analysed.Feed nutrient assay method：The measure of dry：Dried using drying box (baking oven)
Determination method；Thick egg measure certainly：Using Kjeldahl's method；Milk composition is determined using import dairy products automatic tester.
1.3.2NPN the measure of deposition efficiency (ammonification rate)
Extract every kind for the treatment of and leave and take 10 grams of sample to be analysed, determine each group sample CP contents；Added with sampling straw CP contents
Crude protein content sum is W0 in the feeding urea of addition, and 1,2,3 groups of straw samples of experiment, the CP for measuring are taken after being processed through 35 days
Content is respectively W1、W2、W3, according to AEX=W0-WX/W0× 100 calculate each group ammonification rate.
1.3.3 data processing：Data are represented with X ± S, and the one-factor analysis of variance is carried out using Excel, if if significantly aobvious
Work carries out Multiple range test with q methods.
2 results and analysis
The different ammoniated treatments of table 1 to the influence % units of straw ammonification rate and milk production of cow and milk-quality/kilogram
Note：1st, shoulder is noted as adjacent small English alphabet represents significant difference (P ＜ 0.05), is identical small English alphabet table
Show difference not significantly (P ＞ 0.05)；2nd, shoulder is noted as different capitalization English letters represent difference extremely significantly (P ＜ 0.01).Following table is same.
As shown in Table 1, the more common aminating agent of present invention improvement ammonification additive (1 group of examination) ammonification rate significantly improves 42.33
Percentage point (P ＜ 0.01)；The more common aminating agent ammonification rate of improvement ammonification additive containing degraded crude fibre microbial inoculum improves 44.10
Percentage point, difference is extremely significantly (P ＜ 0.01)；Two kinds of Ammoniation efficiency differences of modified form aminating agent are not notable (P ＞ 0.05).But
It is that during testing, two kinds of test groups of modified form aminating agent, with the equal output of milk, are respectively increased per cow head compared with control group milk cow
1.21,1.54 (P ＜ 0.05) percentage point, lactoprotein, butter oil each group difference is not notable, and butter oil changes no rule, breast
Albumen is on the rise as ammonification rate rises.Due to improve the output of milk and milk protein levels, straw ammonification cost is being deducted
Afterwards, common ammonification group, improvement ammonification group and the improvement ammonification group containing degraded crude fibre microbial inoculum produce every kilogram of mark compared with control group
Quasi- milk feed cost saves 0.07,0.10,0.12 yuan respectively, the improvement ammonification group containing degraded crude fibre microbial inoculum, the life of unit milk
Feed cost is produced to decline significantly (P ＜ 0.05).
The analysis improvement more common ammonification group straw ammonification rate of ammonification group is improved, and is derived from contained by added attapulgite powder
The a large amount of holes having, are its adsorbable ammonias not available for common stone flour (predominantly calcite, marble, dolomite etc.)
And to the NH that dissociates4 +Receive and exchange；Relatively improvement ammonification additive group enters one to improvement ammonification group containing degraded crude fibre microbial inoculum again
Step improves Ammoniation efficiency, is energy degraded cellulose, the various active enzyme of lignin by the microbial inoculum release added, makes straw
Fibre structure changes, it is easy to attapulgite powder, ammonia and free NH4 +Flowing with distribution, enhancing attapulgite powder to ammonia
Receive and dissociate NH4 +Absorption.Due to the raising of Ammoniation efficiency and crude fibre percent hydrolysis, so as to significantly improve milk cow to rice
The absorption of careless energy and urea NPN nutrients；In order to create more reasonably daily ration nitrogen-sulphur ratio (about 10: 1), should in invention additive
With anhydrous sodium sulfate, nitrogen nutrition is made full use of with improving, be eventually exhibited as the raising of the output of milk and lactoprotein.
The additive of the present invention of application examples 2 is used for improving the result of study of the white goat degraded ammoniated corn fodder in the Huaibei
1 materials and methods
1.1 experimental designs：Designed using single factor experiment, study different aminating agents heavy to ammoniated straw digestibility and NPN
The influence of product efficiency.It is control with untreated stalk, test process 1 directly add the stone flour of 2.0% urea+3.0%, and treatment 2 is
Addition 5% improves aminating agent, and treatment 3 is improvement aminating agent of the addition 5% containing composite bacteria.Each treatment has 4 sheep to repeat.Examination
Testing point 3 phases is carried out, and experiment pre-feeding period is 8d, operation and surgery recovery phase are 10d；The positive examination phase is 12d, is divided into 4 stages, per rank
Section 3d, wherein 2d experimental periods, 1d animal convalescences.
1.2 test materials
1.2.1 experimental animal：4 body weight are up to the white goat in the castration Huaibei of 30kg, and experiment sheep health is disease-free, and appetite is good,
The indifference opposite sex, trophic level as required is supported with drylot feeding.
1.2.2 concentrated feed formula and trophic level：Sheep Dietary Supplement Dietary nutrition recommended levels are bred as with reference to goat, locality is based oneself upon
Feed resource is formulated.
1.2.3 feeding and management：During experiment, daily 8:00 and 13:00 point of 2 feeding, fine fodder 375g/d, coarse fodder (green grass)
Free choice feeding, free water.Daily 7:00 cleans colony house.It is pre- in this case to raise 10d, before the test with albendazole to goat
Carry out expelling parasite treatment.
1.3 test methods
1.3.1 fistula installs operation：Performed the operation with reference to pertinent literature.
1.3.2 Nylon Bag experiment
1.3.2.1 the preparation of Nylon Bag：The specification of Nylon Bag is 8cm × 12cm, and eyelet is 300 mesh, the edge of Nylon Bag
It is burned in order to avoid running with alcolhol burner.
1.3.2.2 test method：3.5g samples are weighed in bag, it is respectively that 2 bags (1 sheep has 2 Duplicate Samples) are fixed
On 1 flexible pipe of 30cm long, flexible pipe one end is placed on 1h cud abdomen is intracapsular before early raising, and the other end is fixed on fistula outer clip
On piece, every sheep is once put into 1 pipe (i.e. 1 treatment).Pipe is taken out after 48h, Nylon Bag is removed from pipe, rushed with running water
Wash, until clarification of water, is then placed in 65 DEG C of baking ovens and dries 48h constant weights, claim bag to add residue (W1).Each is processed by every sheep again 2
Residue mixing, is measured by sampling its NDF, ADF in individual bag.Bag is cleaned, 65 DEG C dry to constant weight (24h), survey its quality W2 and (calculate residual
Slag amount).1.3.2.3 project assay method：DM is analyzed using conventional method, NDF, ADF Van Soest assays.
1.3.3 computing formula：Remaining DM=W1-W2 after digestion
1.3.4 data processing：Data represent with X ± S, the one-factor analysis of variance are carried out using Excel, if significantly using q
Method carries out Multiple range test.
2 results and analysis
DM degradation rate % of the different disposal of table 1 to maize straw
Note：1st, shoulder is noted as different small English alphabets represent significant difference (P ＜ 0.05), is identical small English alphabet table
Show difference not significantly (P ＞ 0.05)；2nd, shoulder is noted as capitalization English letter represents difference extremely significantly (p ＜ 0.01).Following table is same.
NDF degradation rate % of the different disposal of table 2 to maize straw
ADF degradation rate % of the different disposal of table 3 to maize straw
Therefore, straw ammoniation additive of the present invention containing lignocellulose degradation microbial inoculum is remarkably improved the dry of maize straw
Mass degradation rate, increase rate is up to 11.4 percentage points；Significantly improve maize straw NDF degradation rates up to 16.08 percentage points simultaneously；
Pole significantly improves maize straw ADF degradation rates up to 16.97 percentage points.Straw ammoniation additive without lignocellulose degradation microbial inoculum
It is respectively increased 7.16,7.59 and 11.1 percentage points (P ＜ 0.05) compared with the degradation rate of control group dry, NDF, ADF.Thus demonstrate,prove
The practical application of bright additive of the present invention is remarkably improved treatment stalk dry and lignocellulose degradation rate in goat body；Addition
The stalk improvement aminating agent of lignocellulose degradation microbial inoculum more commonly improves aminating agent group milk cow, can further improve dry to maize straw
Material and lignocellulose degradation rate.
It is above-mentioned detailed with what the feed addictive for improving milk cow production performance was carried out to the improvement Ammoniation efficiency with reference to embodiment
Thin description, be it is illustrative can include several embodiments according to limited scope rather than limited, thus do not taking off
Change and modification under overall conception of the present invention, should belong within the scope of the present invention is protected.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of application method for improving the feed addictive of straw ammoniation, it is characterised in that：Additive formulations by A agent with
B agent is constituted, and the weight portion of A agent raw material components is following formula：
By accounting for based on stalk dry, aminating agent A agent uniformly mixes the length 1~3cm crop straw through crushing in advance with mass ratio 4%
In stalk, then by accounting for stalk mass ratio 30% to injecting clean drinking water in stalk；Appropriate compressed straw heap；Finally on stalk heap top
Layer lid spreads B agent, and by accounting for based on stalk dry, it accounts for stalk mass ratio 1%.
2. a kind of feed addictive application method for improving straw ammoniation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The material of following weight portion is also added with described formula material A agent components：Every gram contains crude fibre containing viable bacteria more than 1,000,000,000
The compound micro-ecological preparation of degradation bacteria：0.05-0.10 parts；Now, by account for stalk mass ratio 45% in stalk inject cleaning drink
Use water.
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