CN103936488A - Forest logging residue seedling growing substrate suitable for fast-growing wood seedlings and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Forest logging residue seedling growing substrate suitable for fast-growing wood seedlings and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103936488A
CN103936488A CN201410162073.0A CN201410162073A CN103936488A CN 103936488 A CN103936488 A CN 103936488A CN 201410162073 A CN201410162073 A CN 201410162073A CN 103936488 A CN103936488 A CN 103936488A
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forest harvesting
forest
residuum
seedling medium
preparation
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CN103936488B (en
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何洪城
刘帅成
曾琴
吴文文
聂晋琳
皮兵
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Hunan Academy of Forestry
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Hunan Academy of Forestry
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a forest logging residue seedling growing substrate which comprises fermented substances of forest logging residues and a special compound fertilizer, wherein the fermented substances of the forest logging residues are fermentation products of the forest logging residues, pig manure and/or cow manure and water, and the special compound fertilizer is prepared from nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements according to the amount needed by different seedlings. The seedling growing substrate disclosed by the invention is suitable for growing seedlings, can meet the nutritional requirements of fast-growing wood seedlings of a commercial forest of forestry and has the advantages of fully utilizing waste resources of forest logging, alleviating environmental pollution caused by burning a mountain during new afforestation of a cutover land and being beneficial to low-carbon environmental protection.

Description

A kind ofly be suitable for forest harvesting residuum seedling medium and the preparation method that fastgrowing trees is grown seedlings
  
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture, forest seedling nursing field, be specifically related to a kind of seedling medium and preparation method who is suitable for fastgrowing trees seeds seed seedling-raising.
Background technology
The sixties in 20th century, the composite interstitial substance of Cornell Univ USA's development and the VC compost of University of California all be take rock wool as seedling medium, and vermiculite and the utilization of peat on seedling medium have also been opened by Cornell University.Municipal waste and River Mud all Zeng Zuowei cave seedling medium are grown seedlings, and effect is all more satisfactory.To the seventies, Pause jovi has excavated the use of the peat composed of rotten mosses (peat) in soilless culture, but shows in research subsequently, and the cultivation effect that the cultivation effect of the peat composed of rotten mosses (peat) single-matrix is not so good as mixed-matrix is good.The mixture of 1:1 as conventional in the U.S. or the thin peat of 2:1 and vermiculite is made matrix, the peat composed of rotten mosses: the seedling medium formula of vermiculite 2:1 is also widely used thereupon.A kind of special-purpose pot for growing seedlings piece has also been invented by Japan, and the material of alms bowl piece can be rock wool, the peat composed of rotten mosses, coconut husk fermented product etc.Seed directly can be sown in alms bowl, and after covering matrix, water squirts.To the later stage eighties, international cultivation technique without soil level has had much strength.
Since the eighties in 20th century, domestic scholars is studied the culture medium of different tree species container seedling etc., and cinder and the grains of sand are China's soilless culture substrates the earliest.The raw material that at present is often applied to configure matrix, is main mainly with organic materials, as the peat composed of rotten mosses, the stalk that becomes thoroughly decomposed, charing rice chaff, fertilizer, mushroom slag etc., is aided with part inorganic material, as vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, slag ash, fine sand etc.These matrix physio-biochemical characteristics are different, respectively have relative merits.The peat composed of rotten mosses is the good Medium of Container Seedling of generally acknowledging both at home and abroad, has all obtained good test effect and promoted in flowers and forest seedling growth.Charing rice chaff is also one of first-class base starting material, but because pH value is higher, also needs to be used in conjunction with other substrate materials.Fertilizer, containing enriching organic matter and physico-chemical property is suitable, is comparatively ideal seedling medium.Perlite water holding capacity is large, and its alkalescence equally also needs by force mixed with other matrix.Rock wool matrix air permeability and water absorbing and retaining properties are good, but in rock wool, free phenol can directly enter in cultivated plant and then human body is produced to harm, and discarded rock wool can not decompose voluntarily, enter soil and cause underground water to be polluted.Cotton seed hulls, maize straw are the growth that main seedling medium can be beneficial to tomato.As far back as 1988, Agricultural University Of Nanjing and Jiangsu University be cooperation just, has researched and developed reed organic substrate as a kind of Novel seedling raising matrix at that time.In recent years, domestic many scholars had also actively developed the research and development of new medium.The substrate formula that Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell mixes with dregs of beans and carbonization rice husk, bark adds sphagnum moss after pulverizing and soaking and vermiculite, green plants waste and herbal medicine are raw material has all shown good effect.
Forest harvesting (slash) residuum mainly refers to that forest abandons at branch, leaf, topwood, the wood that fractures, bark, stump and tree root, the dead and dying trees in cutting area, the residuums such as wood and shrub of standing after felling.At present, the volume of timber that China fells the log of producing material gained is only 65% left and right of growing stock, and all the other are all as residuum.Can calculate thus, the annual log output in the whole nation is about 4,100 ten thousand m 3, harvesting of wood residuum is 1,400 ten thousand m 3left and right, amounts to log volume and can reach 4,700,000 m 3.China's current forest harvesting residue utilization rate is lower, a large amount of logging residues are except being picked up and be used as family's fuel by local self-employed tree cultivator on a small quantity, before new afforestation, burned to clear up cutover, thereby gone out great amount of carbon dioxide and haze to airborne release, severe contamination environment.And be used as the important channel that seedling medium raw material is desirable residue utilization, have no before this relevant report.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of effective, environmental protection, be suitable for seedling medium that fastgrowing trees is grown seedlings, reusable and preparation method thereof.
Forest harvesting residuum seedling medium provided by the invention, comprises fermented product and the forestry composite fertilizer special of forest harvesting residuum, and the fermented product of described forest harvesting residuum is the tunning of forest harvesting residuum, animal excrement and water; Described forestry composite fertilizer special is formulated according to the required nitrogen of different fastgrowing trees seeds, phosphorus, potassium and trace element.
The fermented product of described forest harvesting residuum and the volume ratio of composite fertilizer special (7-9): (1-3), preferred 9:1.
Forest harvesting residuum can comprise fells rear abandonment at branch, leaf, topwood, the wood that fractures, bark, stump and tree root, the dead and dying trees in cutting area, the wood of standing, shrub, sylvan life stores etc.
The preferred pig of described animal excrement and/or cow dung.
The preparation method of above-mentioned forest harvesting residuum seedling medium, comprises the following steps:
(1), after forest harvesting residuum is pulverized, mixes with pig and/or cow dung and water, fermentation, oven dry, drip washing, dries, and obtains the fermented product of forest harvesting residuum;
(2) according to the required nutrient of different fastgrowing trees seeds, the composite fertilizer special of the fermented product of forest harvesting residuum and different fastgrowing trees seeds is mixed.
As preferably, in step (1), it is that 80-180 order is Powdered that forest harvesting residuum is ground into particle diameter, more preferably 120 orders.
As preferably, in step (1), the weight ratio of described forest harvesting residuum, water and pig cow dung is (10-15): (15-25): (1-3), and 12:20:2 more preferably.
As preferably, in step (1), described fermentation condition is high temperature 65-75 ℃, fermentation 6-8 days; Middle temperature 50-60 ℃, fermentation 10-15 days; Normal temperature 20-30 ℃ of afterripening fermentation 65-85 days.More preferably high temperature is 75 ℃, ferments 7 days; 50 ℃ of middle temperature, ferment 12 days; 25 ℃ of afterripening fermentations of normal temperature 7 days.Thermophilic fermentation is kill bacteria effectively; Mesophilic digestion can effectively decompose toxic organic compound; Normal temperature fermentation can make its further slaking fermented product.
As preferably, in step (1), described drip washing is to pH 6-7, EC 2-3mS/cm by tunning drip washing.
As preferably, in step (1), bake out temperature is 60-80 ℃.
As preferably, in step (2), after mixing, be convenient transportation, be compressed into bulk, compression ratio is (8-5): 1, more preferably 6:1.
It is main raw material that the present invention adopts forest harvesting residuum, and through fermentative processing, then compatibility other plant growth desired nutritional element makes a kind of ecosystem seedling medium.Its beneficial effect has: raw material sources are abundant, with low cost, balanced in nutrition, is applicable to seedling early growth, can meet the nutritional needs that the forestry Commercial Forests quick growing species of trees is grown seedlings; The present invention takes full advantage of forest harvesting waste resource, has reduced the environmental pollution that cause on burning mountain when newly afforest in cutover, is conducive to low-carbon environment-friendly; Preparation method's technique is simple, with low cost, easy to operate, and production efficiency is high.In addition, this seedling medium is reused effective.
Embodiment
It should be noted that seedling medium of the present invention is not only applicable to fastgrowing trees and grows seedlings, and be applicable to flowers, medicinal material and other tree seeds and grow seedlings, following embodiment only grows seedlings as example with fastgrowing trees.The forest which kind of type the present invention takes to forest harvesting residuum is not particularly limited, and for example softwood forest, broad-leaf forest all can.
The present invention is in concrete enforcement, according to the different quick growing species of treess (China fir, pine, poplar, eucalyptus) to required nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other micronutrients, by the ordinary method of this area, prepare corresponding composite fertilizer special, then by the forestry composite fertilizer special of the fermented product compatibility different tree species of forest harvesting slash residuum.
Below, by following embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.The described concrete material proportion of embodiment, processing condition and result thereof, only for the present invention is described, should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
The seedling medium formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of forest harvesting residuum, forestry composite fertilizer special volume ratio are 8:2.Preparation method is as follows:
(1) forest harvesting residuum fermentation: the masson pine forest of (120 order) after pulverizing is cut down to residuum (comprising brush wood, leaf and sylvan life stores etc.), water and pig cow dung and put into small-sized temperature controlled fermentation equipment by weight 12:20:2,70 ℃ of fermentations of high temperature 7 days, 55 ℃ of fermentations of middle temperature 14 days, 20-30 ℃ of normal temperature afterripening fermentation 80 days, takes out 60-80 ℃ of oven dry;
(2) tunning drip washing: adopt saturated extraction, by tunning drip washing to pH 6.5 left and right, EC 2.5mS/cm(25 ℃) left and right, product reduces pH and EC value through drip washing, and nutritive ingredient can more fully be absorbed by seedling; Taking-up is placed on plastics film, under ventilation state, dries, and obtains the fermented product of forest harvesting residuum;
(3) Pinus massoniana Lamb seeds composite fertilizer special preparation: by bicarbonate of ammonia, Repone K, double superhosphate, cavings, weight ratio 47.1:20.0:26.1:6.8 is mixed evenly, and obtains Pinus massoniana Lamb composite fertilizer special;
(4) preparation of seedling medium: the fermented product of forest harvesting residuum and Pinus massoniana Lamb seeds composite fertilizer special are first mixed according to 8:2 volume ratio, and repressed machine is compressed into brick-shaped, and compression ratio is 8:1, obtains the special-purpose seedling medium of Pinus massoniana Lamb.
Seedling growth test by the seedling medium of above-mentioned preparation for Pinus massoniana Lamb fastgrowing trees, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Nursery numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The quantity of growing seedlings (strain) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Survive quantity (strain) 96 95 99 93 94 98 95 97 96 94 95 92
Surviving rate (%) 96 95 99 93 94 98 95 97 96 94 95 92
Matrix after above-mentioned one season of plantation Pinus massoniana Lamb fastgrowing trees is regathered, the plantation Pinus massoniana Lamb fastgrowing trees second season, seedling rate is in Table 2.
Table 2
Nursery numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The quantity of growing seedlings (strain) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Survive quantity (strain) 93 96 93 94 95 94 95 96 94 93 92 97
Surviving rate (%) 93 96 93 94 95 94 95 96 94 93 92 97
Embodiment 2
The seedling medium formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of forest harvesting slash residuum, forestry composite fertilizer special volume ratio are 8.5:1.5.Its preparation method is as follows:
(1) alder woods cutover residuum (80 order), water and pig cow dung after pulverizing are put into small-sized temperature controlled fermentation equipment by weight 10:15:3,75 ℃ of fermentation 6d of high temperature, 65 ℃ of fermentations of middle temperature 10 days, 20-30 ℃ of normal temperature afterripening fermentation 85d, takes out and dries;
(2) adopt saturated extraction, by tunning drip washing to pH 6.5 left and right, EC 2.5mS/cm(25 ℃) left and right, take out and to be placed on plastics film, under ventilation state, dry;
(3) China fir seeds composite fertilizer special preparation: by ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, general calcium, cavings, weight 47.6:18.0:20.0:14.4 is mixed evenly, and obtains China fir composite fertilizer special;
(4) fermented product of forest harvesting slash residuum and China fir seeds composite fertilizer special are first mixed according to 8.5:1.5 volume, drying machine is dry, more repressed machine is compressed into brick-shaped, and compression ratio is 6:1.
Seedling growth test by the seedling medium of above-mentioned preparation for China fir fastgrowing trees, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3
Nursery numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The quantity of growing seedlings 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Survive quantity (strain) 91 95 97 93 94 95 95 97 90 94 95 96
Surviving rate (%) 91 95 97 93 94 95 95 97 90 94 95 96
Matrix after above-mentioned one season of plantation China fir fastgrowing trees is regathered, the plantation China fir fastgrowing trees second season, seedling rate is in Table 4.
Table 4
Nursery numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The quantity of growing seedlings (strain) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Survive quantity (strain) 95 96 93 95 95 96 95 95 97 96 94 92
Surviving rate (%) 95 96 93 95 95 96 95 95 97 96 94 92
Embodiment 3
The seedling medium formula of the present embodiment is: the fermented product of forest harvesting slash residuum, forestry composite fertilizer special volume ratio are 7.5:2.5.Its preparation method is as follows:
(1) poplar forest logging residue (180 order), water and pig cow dung after pulverizing are put into small-sized temperature controlled fermentation equipment by weight 15:25:1,65 ℃ of fermentation 8d of high temperature, 50 ℃ of fermentations of middle temperature 15 days, 20-30 ℃ of normal temperature afterripening fermentation 75d, takes out and dries;
(2) adopt saturated extraction, by tunning drip washing to about pH6.5, EC 2.5mS/cm(25 ℃) left and right, take out and be placed on plastics film, under ventilation state, dry;
(3) eucalypt species composite fertilizer special preparation: by ammonium nitrate, potassium sulfate, general calcium, chicken manure by weight 26.5:20.0:42.9:10.6 be mixed evenly, obtain willow composite fertilizer special;
(4) fermented product of forest harvesting residuum and Popular species composite fertilizer special are first mixed according to 7.5:2.5 volume, drying machine is dry, more repressed machine is compressed into brick-shaped, and compression ratio is 5:1.
Seedling growth test by the seedling medium of above-mentioned preparation for eucalyptus fastgrowing trees, the results are shown in Table 5.
Table 5
Nursery numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The quantity of growing seedlings 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Survive quantity (strain) 94 95 97 98 94 93 95 97 95 94 95 96
Surviving rate (%) 94 95 97 98 94 93 95 97 95 94 95 96
Matrix after above-mentioned one season of plantation eucalyptus fastgrowing trees is regathered, the plantation eucalyptus fastgrowing trees second season, seedling rate is in Table 6.
Table 6
Nursery numbering 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
The quantity of growing seedlings (strain) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Survive quantity (strain) 96 95 94 96 94 93 95 97 96 93 96 94
Surviving rate (%) 96 95 94 96 94 93 95 97 96 93 96 94

Claims (10)

1. a forest harvesting residuum seedling medium, it is characterized in that comprising fermented product and the composite fertilizer special of forest harvesting residuum, the fermented product of described forest harvesting residuum is the tunning of forest harvesting residuum, animal excrement and water, and described composite fertilizer special is formulated according to the amount of the required nitrogen of different seeds, phosphorus, potassium and trace element.
2. forest harvesting residuum seedling medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that the volume ratio (7-9) of fermented product and the composite fertilizer special of described forest harvesting residuum: (1-3).
3. forest harvesting residuum seedling medium according to claim 1, is characterized in that described animal excrement are pig and/or cow dung.
4. according to the forest harvesting residuum seedling medium one of claim 1-3 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that described composite fertilizer special is formulated according to the amount of the required nitrogen of different fastgrowing trees seeds, phosphorus, potassium and trace element.
5. a preparation method for the forest harvesting residuum seedling medium described in claim 1-4, comprises the following steps:
(1), after forest harvesting residuum is pulverized, mixes with pig and/or cow dung and water, fermentation, oven dry, drip washing, dries, and obtains the fermented product of forest harvesting residuum;
(2) according to the required nutrient of different fastgrowing trees seeds, the composite fertilizer special of the fermented product of forest harvesting residuum and different fastgrowing trees seeds is mixed.
6. the preparation method of forest harvesting residuum seedling medium according to claim 5, is characterized in that in step (1), and it is that 80-180 order is Powdered that forest harvesting residuum is ground into particle diameter.
7. the preparation method of forest harvesting residuum seedling medium according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step (1), the weight ratio of described forest harvesting residuum, water and pig cow dung is (10-15): (15-25): (1-3).
8. according to the preparation method of the forest harvesting residuum seedling medium one of claim 5-7 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, in step (1), described fermentation condition is high temperature 65-75 ℃, fermentation 6-8 days; Middle temperature 50-60 ℃, fermentation 10-15 days; Normal temperature afterripening fermentation 65-85 days.
9. according to the preparation method of the forest harvesting residuum seedling medium one of claim 5-7 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that in step (1), described drip washing is to pH 6-7, EC 2-3mS/cm by tunning drip washing.
10. according to the preparation method of the forest harvesting residuum seedling medium one of claim 5-7 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, in step (2), after mixing, being compressed into bulk, compression ratio is (8-5): 1.
CN201410162073.0A 2014-04-22 2014-04-22 A kind of forest harvesting residue seedling medium being suitable for fast-growing woods nursery and preparation method Expired - Fee Related CN103936488B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106478166A (en) * 2016-09-22 2017-03-08 北京林业大学 The processing method for promoting intermediate cutting residue to decompose
CN109463256A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-03-15 江苏培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 A kind of dedicated seedling composite substrate of watermelon
CN110036875A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-23 武汉市安友科技有限公司 Plant growth solid state substrate
CN110036876A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-23 武汉市安友科技有限公司 Plant growth solid state substrate and preparation method

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CN103483019A (en) * 2013-08-28 2014-01-01 周金星 Biological active fertilizer taking branch and fallen leaf of poplar as raw materials and application method thereof
CN103601598A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-02-26 王石麟 Production method of vegetable strong seedling matrix

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CN101041604A (en) * 2007-03-01 2007-09-26 宁夏中青农业科技有限公司 Melon vegetable grow seedling ground substance
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN106478166A (en) * 2016-09-22 2017-03-08 北京林业大学 The processing method for promoting intermediate cutting residue to decompose
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CN109463256A (en) * 2018-12-20 2019-03-15 江苏培蕾基质科技发展有限公司 A kind of dedicated seedling composite substrate of watermelon
CN110036875A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-23 武汉市安友科技有限公司 Plant growth solid state substrate
CN110036876A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-07-23 武汉市安友科技有限公司 Plant growth solid state substrate and preparation method
CN110036876B (en) * 2019-04-02 2021-11-16 武汉市安友科技有限公司 Solid substrate for growing three-dimensional greening plants and preparation method thereof

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