CN103926128B

CN103926128B - Frozen soil embankment modelling and frozen soil embankment model heat melt landslide assay device and test method

Info

Publication number: CN103926128B
Application number: CN201410180405.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孔纲强
Original assignee: Hunan City University
Current assignee: Hunan City University
Filing date: 2014-04-30
Publication date: 2016-11-30
Anticipated expiration: 2034-04-30

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of visualization frozen soil embankment modelling and frozen soil embankment model heat melts landslide assay device and test method, transparent frozen soil embankment modelling uses fluoropolymer to be to prepare the transparent solid material in transparent frozen soil, described fluoropolymer is the granule of particle diameter 0.25～2.0, the Teflon AF 1600 produced for du pont company, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described assay device includes that low temperature test room, low temperature test indoor are provided with and includes that see-through model groove, transparent frozen soil embankment model etc. are simulated embankment and the analog of natural environment, included lasing light emitter, the hourly observation device of digital camera and processing means；The transparent soil transparency of present invention preparation is high, good with the similarity of natural frozen soil soil mass property；Assay device is easily achieved, repeatable strong；Can be used to simulate the geological conditions of complexity, the model test being efficiently used in Geotechnical Engineering.

Description

Frozen soil embankment modelling and frozen soil embankment model heat melt landslide assay device and test Method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the model test in a kind of Geotechnical Engineering, specifically a kind of frozen soil embankment modelling and freezing Dirt road dike model heat melts landslide assay device and test method, particularly relates to a kind of visualization frozen soil embankment modelling and freezes Dirt road dike model heat melts landslide assay device and test method.

Background technology

In model test in terms of Geotechnical Engineering, research soil body internal deformation rule and mechanism, to exploring Geotechnical Engineering Question essence is significant.The particularly area of ever-frozen ground on the earth, seasonal frozen ground and permafrost region in short-term accounts for land The 50 of area, wherein, permafrost distribution area 35,000,000², account for the 25 of land surface.Frozen soil is a kind of to temperature The extremely sensitive soil body, along with the rising of temperature, its intensity significantly reduces, the soil body melt after strong relative to when freezing of intensity Spend the reduction with the geometry order of magnitude.Correlational study result shows, the low mountains and hills in the abdominal part areas, Permafrost Area such as Qinghai-Tibet Platean District, in the slope more than 3 °, its heat is likely to during melting form thaw slumping.When top layer frozen soil is owing to temperature raises Melting, under the conditions of high ice content, sliding soil mass shows as hard ground block and the mixture of aqueous mud composition, easily Produce and be roughly parallel to domatic sliding surface.As near Qinghai-Tibet Highway K3035 mileage section milestone between five Dao Liang and a small bay in a river a small bay in a river river Region, the overall gradient is about 7 °, just there occurs the typical thaw slumping phenomenon being longitudinally about 95m, the widest about 72m.Therefore, open Open up thaw slumping characteristic and study mechanism to low angle side slope to be particularly important.

Patent No. 201110074794.2, invention entitled a kind of preparation method special for height containing frost soil sample Profit discloses and a kind of utilizes the conventional equipment preparation height technical method containing frost soil sample, and this method can chi according to actual needs The high Artificial Frozen Soil sample in ice of very little making, the frozen soil sample joined based on system, utilize the geotechnical testament instrument engineering to frozen soil Characteristic is tested.

Document " In Permafrost Regions of Qinghai-xizang Plateau thaw slumping model investigation " (Jin Dewu etc. engineering investigation, 2006, 9:1-6.) devise a set of to Qinghai-Tibet Highway K3035 mileage section thaw slumping body geometry, the similar physical model of slope body structure (1:10 scale compression), process of the test is divided into ice chest to process and ice sheet makes, soil sample rolls and configures, the correction of monitoring instrument With demarcate, the making of slope scale model and the several link of instrument embedding in model casing；Process of the test uses one and specially watches ice Layer temperature control, temperature is set as-1^oC, another control soil temperature, complete the circulation of 4 freezing and thawing cycles altogether, based on pre-buried routine Temperature probe, displacement transducer and extensimeter can record displacement field and the temperature field of side slope.But, traditional soil deformation is surveyed Metering method is to bury a series of sensor underground at inside soil body, obtains the displacement of some discrete point, and its sensor is easily by extraneous ring The impact of border disturbance, measurement result is the most not accurate enough, can not provide the whole displacement field of inside soil body continuous modification simultaneously.Existing Also it is confined to for Digital image technology measure the macroscopic view of the soil body or border deformation, it is impossible to realize soil body internal deformation is visual Change；X-ray, gamma-radiation, Computerized chromatographic scanning (cat scan) and mr imaging technique (MRI) are although can be used to survey The continuous modification of amount inside soil body, but the expense of costliness limits the extensive application of these technology.

Utilize the transparent soil of synthetic to combine optical observation and image processing techniques can realize soil body internal deformation can Depending on changing, its low cost, easy and simple to handle, can be widely used in the model test in terms of Geotechnical Engineering, study inside soil body Rule and mechanism, to exploring, geotechnical engineering problems essence is significant.Its premise be obtain transparency higher, and character with The transparent soil of synthetic that natural rock-filled is similar.At present, used different materials system to join transparent soil, and obtained some Really.But, prior art data shows, the solid particle preparing transparent soil mainly selects quartz-like material, and its solid particle is originally The refractive index of body, between 1.44～1.46, selects borosilicate glass material, the refractive index of its solid particle itself 1.46～ Between 1.48, much larger than 1.33 refractive indexs and 1.31 refractive indexs of ice of water.Therefore, the solid of the transparent soil of existing preparation is utilized Granule cannot make saturated transparent frozen soil sample.

Fluoropolymer is the Teflon AF 1600 that du pont company produces, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³ ～2.3g/³；There is high temperature resistant, low temperature resistant, resistance to chemical attack, inviscid, nontoxic, pollution-free, the high grade of transparency, low-refraction Characteristic, also there is the characteristics such as gas permeability structure, hydrophobicity, chemical inertness, good with the similarity of natural rock-filled character. Teflon AF 1600 is dissolvable in water in fluorine series solvent, can form thin film or melted compression forming；At present, it is used primarily in painting Layer, impregnate or make fiber, the liquid core waveguide made is at numerous areas such as absorption, fluorescence, Raman spectrum analysis, gas sensors Also there is utilization.Owing to fluoropolymer has the high grade of transparency, refractive index is identical with ice, therefore, it can in preparing transparent frozen soil As transparent solid material.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of frozen soil embankment modelling and frozen soil embankment model heat melts landslide assay device And test method, particularly a kind of visualization frozen soil embankment modelling and frozen soil embankment model heat melt landslide assay device and examination Proved recipe method.

The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that and realizes its goal of the invention, a kind of frozen soil embankment model production method, it Comprise the following steps:

(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to test requirements document, further according to experimental condition and mould chi Very little size calculates and determines fluoropolymer, granular ice and the consumption of colourless pore liquid；Described fluoropolymer is particle diameter 0.25 ～the granule of 2.0, clean impurity and dry, its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon produced for du pont company AF 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described granular ice is to be smashed to pieces by the monoblock ice freezed, its Particle diameter is 0.1～0.5；Described colourless pore liquid is water；

Step (1) in, described fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5 ≤ particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤ 2.0 for 10～50, by weight, add up to 100；

(2) mixture :-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C of low temperature test indoor, first by uniform to fluoropolymer particles and granular ice Reality is hit in stirring, sample processed in point 2～3 loading moulds, and layering；Add water to again in mould, filling fluoropolymer particles And the space between granular ice；

(3) evacuation: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble remained within sample, makes sample reach abundant saturated shape State；

(4) freezing: remove mould after being freezed 48 hours by mould-20 DEG C of cryostates of loading, prepared simulation is saturated freezes sand The transparent frozen soil embankment model of embankment, its physical characteristic is: density 1.53 g/³～2.0g/³, severe 15kN/m³~ 20kN/m³, degree of compaction 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 30 °～31 °, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson Ratio 0.2～0.4.

A kind of frozen soil embankment model production method, it comprises the following steps:

(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to test requirements document, further according to experimental condition and mould chi Very little size calculates and determines fluoropolymer, granular ice and the consumption of colourless pore liquid；Described fluoropolymer be particle diameter≤ The granule of 0.074, cleans impurity and dries, and its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF produced for du pont company 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described granular ice is to be smashed to pieces by the monoblock ice freezed, its particle diameter ≤0.074㎜；Described colourless pore liquid is water；

(4) consolidation: sample is placed in consolidation apparatus and consolidates, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；

(5) freezing: remove mould after being freezed 48 hours by mould-20 DEG C of cryostates of loading, prepared simulation is saturated freezes clay The transparent frozen soil embankment model of embankment, its physical characteristic is: density 1.63 g/³～2.1g/³, severe 16kN/m³~ 21kN/m³, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 19 °～22 °, and cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic Modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.3.

A kind of frozen soil embankment model heat melts landslide assay device, and it includes that low temperature test room, low temperature test indoor are provided with Bright model groove, is provided with the transparent frozen soil embankment model of simulation embankment, is embedded with in transparent frozen soil embankment model in see-through model groove Temperature sensor, the tailo face of embankment is arranged over the pyrotoxin being arranged on see-through model groove；On tailo face lay or not Laying adiabator, toe position, tailo face arranges or is not provided with barricade；Outside see-through model groove, with transparent frozen soil embankment model The parallel side of cross section is provided with lasing light emitter, is provided with digital camera with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model cross section, digital Camera, temperature sensor are coupled with processing means by data wire；The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to described lasing light emitter Axis, the axis of described digital camera is positioned at described see-through model groove with the intersection point of the axis of described lasing light emitter；Lasing light emitter shines Penetrate the cross section of transparent frozen soil embankment model, digital camera recording laser source the transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to transversal Face.

Transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present invention uses transparent frozen soil material to make, and when preparing, simulation is saturated freezes sand During the transparent frozen soil embankment model of embankment, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice with colourless pore liquid through standby Material, mixture, evacuation, freezing step are formulated, and described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless pore liquid consumption are by examination Condition of testing calculates with model size；Described colourless pore liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is particle diameter 0.25～2.0 Granule, its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF 1600 produced for du pont company, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/㎝³～2.3g/³；The particle diameter of described granular ice is 0.1～0.5；The physical characteristic of described transparent frozen soil is: close Spend 1.53 g/³～2.0g/³, severe 15kN/m³～20kN/m³, degree of compaction 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction 30 °～31 ° of angle, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.4；Described fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤grain Footpath ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜'s 1.5 Be 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, add up to 100.

Transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present invention uses transparent frozen soil material to make, and when preparing, simulation is saturated freezes clay During the transparent frozen soil embankment model of embankment, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice with colourless pore liquid through standby Material, mixture, evacuation, consolidation, freezing step are formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless pore liquid consumption Calculated with model size by experimental condition；Described colourless pore liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is particle diameter≤0.074 Granule, its granule is irregularly shaped, for du pont company produce Teflon AF 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/㎝³～2.3g/³；Particle diameter≤0.074 of described granular ice；The physical characteristic of described transparent frozen soil is: density 1.63 g/㎝³～2.1g/³, severe 16kN/m³～21kN/m³, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 19 ° ～22 °, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.3.

See-through model groove of the present invention, barricade use lucite to make；Described adiabator is by thickness 5～15 Fluoropolymer particles simulation metalling or polyethylene foam plastics net.

A kind of frozen soil embankment model heat melts landslide test method, and it includes procedure below:

(1) modeling: make see-through model groove and simulation frozen soil embankment respectively according to test requirements document and frozen soil embankment moulded dimension The transparent frozen soil embankment model of model, described transparent frozen soil embankment model uses transparent frozen soil material to make, and pre-buried temperature passes Sensor；Described see-through model groove uses lucite to make；

(2) installing: indoor at low temperature test, transparent frozen soil embankment model is loaded see-through model groove, pyrotoxin is arranged on On bright model groove, it is positioned at above the tailo face of transparent frozen soil embankment model；Outside see-through model groove, with transparent frozen soil embankment model The parallel side of cross section is provided with lasing light emitter, is provided with digital camera with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model cross section, digital Camera, temperature sensor are coupled with processing means by data wire；The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to described lasing light emitter Axis, the axis of described digital camera is positioned at described see-through model groove with the intersection point of the axis of described lasing light emitter；

(3) test: open lasing light emitter, check its granule tangent plane lightness being internally formed at transparent frozen soil embankment model, adjusts Whole laser angle, makes tangent plane vertical incidence, by the centre position of transparent frozen soil embankment model longitudinal direction；Open digital phase Machine, adjusts digital camera lens so that it is can include tailo face and the ubac face of transparent frozen soil embankment model；I.e. lasing light emitter irradiates The cross section of transparent frozen soil embankment model, digital camera recording laser source the transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to transversal Face；According to experimental design, it is interrupted and opens pyrotoxin, digital camera observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model and freezing, melting week Under phase circulation, the thaw slumping process in tailo face, and record data are sent into processing means by data wire.

Offset except the effect of thaw slumping phenomenon for inspection handle measure, the present invention process (2) in, tailo face is laid Adiabator, toe position, tailo face arranges barricade；Described adiabator is by the fluoropolymer particles of thickness 5～15 The metalling of simulation or polyethylene foam plastics net, described barricade uses lucite to make；Process (3) in, according to experiment Design, is interrupted and opens pyrotoxin, digital camera observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model under freezing, melting loop cycle, sun Domatic thaw slumping process, and record data are sent into processing means by data wire, inspection handle measure offsets heat extraction and melts The effect of slump phenomenon.

When need to prepare simulation saturated freeze sand embankment transparent frozen soil embankment model time, the present invention process (1) in, described Make transparent frozen soil embankment model include getting the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, freezing step:

The described mould got the raw materials ready as first making simulation embankment model according to test requirements document, further according to experimental condition and mould Size calculates and determines fluoropolymer, granular ice and the consumption of colourless pore liquid；Described fluoropolymer is particle diameter The granule of 0.25～2.0, cleans impurity and dries, and its granule is irregularly shaped, produces for du pont company Teflon AF 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described granular ice is the monoblock ice that will have freezed Smashing to pieces, its particle diameter is 0.1～0.5；Described colourless pore liquid is water；

Described fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 be 10～50, by weight, add up to 100.

Described mixture is-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C of low temperature test indoor, first by equal to fluoropolymer particles and granular ice Reality is hit in even stirring, sample processed in point 2～3 loading moulds, and layering；Add water to again in mould, filling fluoropolymer Space between grain and granular ice；

Described evacuation is to utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble remained within sample, makes sample reach the most saturated State；

Described freezing, for removing mould after being freezed 48 hours by mould-20 DEG C of cryostates of loading, prepares and is modeled as saturated freezing The transparent frozen soil embankment model of sand embankment, its physical characteristic is: density 1.53 g/³～2.0g/³, severe 15kN/m³~ 20kN/m³, degree of compaction 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 30 °～31 °, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson Ratio 0.2～0.4.

When need to prepare simulation saturated freeze clay embankment transparent frozen soil embankment model time, the present invention process (1) in, described Make transparent frozen soil embankment model include getting the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, consolidation, freezing step:

The described mould got the raw materials ready as first making simulation embankment model according to test requirements document, further according to experimental condition and mould Size calculates and determines fluoropolymer, granular ice and the consumption of colourless pore liquid；Described fluoropolymer be particle diameter≤ The granule of 0.074, cleans impurity and dries, and its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF produced for du pont company 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described granular ice is to be smashed to pieces by the monoblock ice freezed, its particle diameter ≤0.074㎜；Described colourless pore liquid is water；

Described consolidation consolidates for being placed in consolidation apparatus by sample, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；

Described freezing, for removing mould after being freezed 48 hours by mould-20 DEG C of cryostates of loading, prepares and is modeled as saturated freezing The transparent frozen soil embankment model of clay embankment, its physical characteristic is: density 1.63 g/³～2.1g/³, severe 16kN/m³~ 21kN/m³, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 19 °～22 °, cohesiveness is 1 kPa～3kPa, bullet Property modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.3.

Owing to using technique scheme, the present invention preferably achieves goal of the invention, and test method is feasible, preparation saturating Bright soil transparency is high, cheap, nontoxic, good with the similarity of natural frozen soil soil mass property, can extensively substitute nature and freeze Soil；Assay device is easy and simple to handle, it is easy to accomplish, repeatable strong；Can be used to simulate the geological conditions of complexity, be efficiently used for rock Model test in geotechnique's journey.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of assay device of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described.

Embodiment 1:

The present invention step (1) in, described fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～ 50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5 ≤ particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, add up to 100；

For not affecting refractive index, the present invention step (1) in, described water is pure water.

The use determining fluoropolymer, granular ice and pure water is calculated according to experimental condition and specimen size size in mould Amount:

The sample water content 100.0 of the present embodiment, dry density 0.55g/cm³, volume of sample (374.0³) and low temperature is in fact Test room temperature-6.0 DEG C, converse fluoropolymer particles quality (granular mass=dry density × examination needed for one sample of preparation Sample volume) it is 206.0g, total Water (water content 100.0, the quality of total Water is equal with granular mass) is 206.0g；Due to Sand is when temperature is-6.0 DEG C, and its unfrozen water content is about 15, so adding the matter of pure water in preparing specimen Amount should be 30.9g, and the quality of granular ice is 175.1g.

The present embodiment selects density 2.3g/³Fluoropolymer particles, fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 20,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 30,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 30,1.5≤grain Footpath≤2.0 for 20, by weight, add up to 100, be mixed uniformly；

The present embodiment-6.0 DEG C of low temperature test indoor, first by step (1) in the fluoropolymer particles that determines and granule Reality is hit in ice uniform stirring, sample processed in point 3 loading moulds, and layering, is depressed into design degree of compaction 70；Again pure water is added Space in mould, between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice；

The physical characteristic of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present embodiment is: density 1.9g/³, severe 19kN/m³, closely knit Degree 70；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 31 °, elastic modelling quantity 40MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of frozen soil embankment model heat melts landslide assay device, and it includes low temperature test room 1, low temperature test It is provided with see-through model groove 5 in room 1, in see-through model groove 5, is provided with the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of simulation embankment 9, transparent frozen soil Being embedded with temperature sensor 12 in embankment model 13, what the tailo face 7 of embankment 9 was arranged over being arranged on see-through model groove 5 sends out Thermal source 6；Laying or do not lay adiabator 11 on tailo face 7, toe position, tailo face 7 arranges or is not provided with barricade 10；? Outside see-through model groove 5, the side parallel with transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 cross section is provided with lasing light emitter 2(the present embodiment and is located at the back of the body Side, tailo face 8), digital camera 3 it is provided with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 cross section, digital camera 3, temperature pass Sensor 12 is coupled with processing means 4 by data wire；The axis of described digital camera 3 is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter 2, institute The intersection point stating the axis of digital camera 3 and the axis of described lasing light emitter 2 is positioned at described see-through model groove 5；Lasing light emitter 2 irradiates The cross section of bright frozen soil embankment model 13, digital camera 3 recording laser source 2 horizontal stroke of the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 being irradiated to Cross section.

Transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present invention uses transparent frozen soil material to make, and when preparing, simulation is saturated freezes sand During the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of dirt road dike, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless pore liquid Through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, freezing step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless pore liquid consumption lead to Overtesting condition calculates with model size；Described colourless pore liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is particle diameter 0.25～2.0 Granule, its granule is irregularly shaped, for du pont company produce Teflon AF 1600, refractive index 1.31, close Degree 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；The particle diameter of described granular ice is 0.1～0.5；The physical characteristic of described transparent frozen soil is: Density 1.53 g/³～2.0g/³, severe 15kN/m³～20kN/m³, degree of compaction 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: inside rub Wipe 30 °～31 ° of angle, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.4；Described fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤ Particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 For 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, by weight, add up to 100.

For not affecting refractive index, water of the present invention is pure water.

The present embodiment selects density 2.3g/³Fluoropolymer particles, fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 20,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 30,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 30,1.5≤grain Footpath≤2.0 for 20, by weight, add up to 100.

The fluoropolymer particles determined and granular ice ,-6.0 DEG C of low temperature test indoor, are first uniformly stirred by the present embodiment Mix, sample processed in point 3 loading moulds, and reality is hit in layering, is depressed into design degree of compaction 70；Again pure water is added in mould, Space between filling fluoropolymer particles and granular ice；

Utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble remained within sample, make sample reach abundant saturation；

Described freezing removes mould for being loaded by mould after-20 DEG C of cryostates freeze 48 hours, prepared simulation is saturated freezes sand The transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the natural embankment of soil, its physical characteristic is: density 1.53 g/³～2.0g/³, severe 15kN/ m³～20kN/m³, degree of compaction 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 30 °～31 °, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.4.

The physical characteristic of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is: density 1.9g/³, severe 19kN/m³, close Solidity 70；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 31 °, elastic modelling quantity 40MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3.

When the slope angle in tailo face 7 with ubac face 8 is more than 4 °～9 °, exist for the possibility occurring heat to melt landslide.This reality The slope angle in the tailo face 7 executing the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of example is 31 °, and the slope angle in ubac face 8 is 36 °.

See-through model groove 5 of the present invention, barricade 10 use lucite to make；Described adiabator 11 is by thickness 5 ～15 fluoropolymer particles simulation metalling or polyethylene foam plastics net.

Pyrotoxin 6 of the present invention, for linear fever resistance wire, the maximum temperature near resistance wire can reach 25 °～ 28°。

Lasing light emitter 2 of the present invention is intracavity helium neon laser, and power is 50mW～500 mW(the present embodiment are 500mW).

Digital camera 3 of the present invention is high definition high-speed digital camera, and its resolution is that 50 w～500w(the present embodiment are 500w), exposed frame, frame number 25, time of exposure 10 s～10s(the present embodiment is 10 s).

(1) modeling: make see-through model groove 5 and simulation frozen soil road respectively according to test requirements document and frozen soil embankment moulded dimension The transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of dike model, described transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 uses transparent frozen soil material to make, and pre-buried Temperature sensor 12；Described see-through model groove 5 uses lucite to make；

When need to prepare simulation saturated freeze sand embankment transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 time, the present invention process (1) in, institute State the transparent frozen soil embankment model of making include getting the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, freezing step:

(2) install: in low temperature test room 1, transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 being loaded see-through model groove 5, pyrotoxin 6 is pacified It is contained on see-through model groove 5, is positioned at above the tailo face 7 of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13；Outside see-through model groove 5, with transparent The parallel side of frozen soil embankment model 13 cross section is provided with lasing light emitter 2(the present embodiment and is located at side, ubac face 8), freeze with transparent The vertical side of dirt road dike model 13 cross section is provided with digital camera 3, and digital camera 3, temperature sensor 12 are by data wire and place Reason device 4 couples；The axis of described digital camera 3 is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter 2, the axis of described digital camera 3 with The intersection point of the axis of described lasing light emitter 2 is positioned at described see-through model groove 5；

(3) test: open lasing light emitter 2, checks that its granule tangent plane being internally formed at transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 becomes clear Degree, adjusts laser angle, makes tangent plane vertical incidence, by the centre position of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 longitudinal direction；Open Digital camera 3, adjusts digital camera 3 camera lens so that it is can include tailo face 7 and the ubac face 8 of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13； I.e. lasing light emitter 2 irradiates the cross section of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, what digital camera 3 recording laser source 2 was irradiated to transparent freeze The cross section of dirt road dike model 13；According to experimental design, it is interrupted and opens pyrotoxin 6, digital camera 3 observe and record transparent freezing Dirt road dike model 13 under freezing, melting loop cycle, the thaw slumping process in tailo face 7, and record data are sent by data wire Enter processing means 4.

In test, PIV technology (Particle Image Velocimetry particle image velocimetry method) is utilized to combine image The picture information processing the collection of software PIVview2C logarithmic code camera 3 processes.

Embodiment 2:

Offset except the effect of thaw slumping phenomenon for inspection handle measure, the present invention process (2) in, tailo face 7 is laid Adiabator 11, toe position, tailo face 7 arranges barricade 10；Described adiabator 11 is to be gathered by the fluorine-containing of thickness 5～15 (the present embodiment is the fluoropolymer particles mould of thickness 10 for the metalling of polymer beads simulation or polyethylene foam plastics net The metalling intended), described barricade 10 uses lucite to make；Process (3) in, according to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin 6, digital camera 3 observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 under freezing, melting loop cycle, the thaw slumping in tailo face 7 Process, and record data are sent into processing means 4 by data wire, inspection handle measure offsets except the effect of thaw slumping phenomenon Really.

Remaining with embodiment 1.

Embodiment 3:

In the preparation of frozen soil embankment model 13, select density 2.1g/³Fluoropolymer particles, fluoropolymer Granule 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 20,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 30,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 For 30,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 20, by weight, add up to 100, be mixed uniformly；During mixture, Control degree of compaction 30；The physical characteristic of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is: density 1.82g/³, severe 18kN/m³, degree of compaction 30；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 30 °, elastic modelling quantity 10MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.35.

Remaining with embodiment 1,2.

Embodiment 4:

The present embodiment experimental condition is same as in Example 1 with specimen size size and computational methods in mould.

The present embodiment determine the consumption of fluoropolymer particles, granular ice and pure water be respectively 206.0g, 175.1g and 30.9g。

The present embodiment selects density 2.3g/³, the fluoropolymer particles of particle diameter≤0.074.

The present embodiment degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5；

The physical characteristic of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present embodiment is: density 1.93g/³, severe 19.1kN/m³； Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 20 °, and cohesiveness is 3kPa, elastic modelling quantity 9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3.

Transparent frozen soil embankment model of the present invention uses transparent frozen soil material to make, and when preparing, simulation is saturated freezes clay During the transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of embankment, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless pore liquid warp Get the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, consolidation, freezing step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and colourless pore liquid are used Measure and calculated with model size by experimental condition；Described colourless pore liquid is water, and described fluoropolymer is particle diameter≤0.074 Granule, its granule is irregularly shaped, for du pont company produce Teflon AF 1600, refractive index 1.31, close Degree 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Particle diameter≤0.074 of described granular ice；The physical characteristic of described transparent frozen soil is: density 1.63 g/㎝³～2.1g/³, severe 16kN/m³～21kN/m³, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction 19 °～22 ° of angle, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.3.

The present embodiment degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5；

Described freeze for by mould loading-20 DEG C of cryostates freeze 48 hours after remove mould, prepare simulation saturated freeze glutinous The transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the natural embankment of soil, its physical characteristic is: density 1.63 g/³～2.1g/³, severe 16kN/ m³～21kN/m³, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 19 °～22 °, and cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, Elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.3.

The physical characteristic of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is: density 1.93g/³, severe 19.1kN/ m³；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 20 °, and cohesiveness is 3kPa, elastic modelling quantity 9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.3.

(1) modeling: make see-through model groove 5 and simulation frozen soil road respectively according to test requirements document and frozen soil embankment moulded dimension The transparent frozen soil embankment model 3 of dike model, described transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 uses transparent frozen soil material to make, and pre-buried temperature Degree sensor 12；Described see-through model groove 5 uses lucite to make；

The present embodiment degree of consolidation OCR value 1.5；

Lasing light emitter 2 of the present invention is intracavity helium neon laser, and power is 50 mW～500 mW.

Embodiment 5:

Remaining with embodiment 4.

Embodiment 6:

In the preparation of transparent frozen soil embankment model 13, select density 2.1g/³Fluoropolymer particles；During consolidation, Degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8；The physical characteristic of the made transparent frozen soil embankment model 13 of the present embodiment is: density 1.83g/³, severe 17.8 kN/m³；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 19 °, and cohesiveness is 1kPa, elastic modelling quantity 5.2MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.22.

Remaining with embodiment 4,5.

Claims

1. a frozen soil embankment model production method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to test requirements document, big with die size further according to experimental condition Little calculating determines fluoropolymer, granular ice and the consumption of colourless pore liquid；Described fluoropolymer be particle diameter 0.25～ The granule of 2.0, cleans impurity and dries, and its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF produced for du pont company 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described granular ice is to be smashed to pieces by the monoblock ice freezed, its particle diameter It is 0.1～0.5；Described colourless pore liquid is water；

Step (1) in, described fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤ Particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 For 10～50, by weight, add up to 100；

(2) mixture :-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C of low temperature test indoor, first by fluoropolymer particles and granular ice uniform stirring, Divide 2～3 times and load samples processed in moulds, and reality is hit in layering；Add water to again in mould, filling fluoropolymer particles and granule Space between ice；

(3) evacuation: utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble remained within sample, makes sample reach abundant saturation；

(4) freezing: remove mould after being freezed 48 hours by mould-20 DEG C of cryostates of loading, prepared simulation is saturated freezes sand embankment Transparent frozen soil embankment model, its physical characteristic is: density 1.53 g/³～2.0g/³, severe 15kN/m³～20kN/m³, Degree of compaction 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 30 °～31 °, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～ 0.4。

2. a frozen soil embankment model production method, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) get the raw materials ready: first make the mould of simulation embankment model according to test requirements document, big with die size further according to experimental condition Little calculating determines fluoropolymer, granular ice and the consumption of colourless pore liquid；Described fluoropolymer is particle diameter≤0.074 Granule, clean impurity and also dry, its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF 1600 produced for du pont company, Refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described granular ice is to be smashed to pieces by the monoblock ice freezed, its particle diameter≤ 0.074㎜；Described colourless pore liquid is water；

(5) freezing: remove mould after being freezed 48 hours by mould-20 DEG C of cryostates of loading, prepared simulation is saturated freezes clay embankment Transparent frozen soil embankment model, its physical characteristic is: density 1.63 g/³～2.1g/³, severe 16kN/m³～21kN/m³, Degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 19 °～22 °, cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa ～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.3.

3. frozen soil embankment model heat melts a landslide assay device, it is characterized in that it includes low temperature test room, and low temperature test is indoor It is provided with see-through model groove, is provided with the transparent frozen soil embankment model of simulation embankment in see-through model groove, in transparent frozen soil embankment model Being embedded with temperature sensor, the tailo face of embankment is arranged over the pyrotoxin being arranged on see-through model groove；Lay on tailo face Or not laying adiabator, toe position, tailo face arranges or is not provided with barricade；Outside see-through model groove, with transparent frozen soil road The parallel side of dike model cross section is provided with lasing light emitter, is provided with digital phase with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model cross section Machine, digital camera, temperature sensor are coupled with processing means by data wire；The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to described sharp The axis of light source, the axis of described digital camera is positioned at described see-through model groove with the intersection point of the axis of described lasing light emitter；Swash Light source irradiates the cross section of transparent frozen soil embankment model, digital camera recording laser the source transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to Cross section；

Described transparent frozen soil embankment model use transparent frozen soil material make, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granule Ice and colourless pore liquid through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, freezing step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granular ice and nothing Color pore liquid consumption is calculated with model size by experimental condition；Described colourless pore liquid is water, described fluoropolymer For the granule of particle diameter 0.25～2.0, its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF produced for du pont company 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；The particle diameter of described granular ice is 0.1～0.5；Described transparent The physical characteristic of frozen soil is: density 1.53 g/³～2.0g/³, severe 15kN/m³～20kN/m³, degree of compaction 20～ 80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 30 °～31 °, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.4；Described contains Particles of fluoropolymer 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 for 10～ 50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～50, with weight Meter, adds up to 100.

Frozen soil embankment model heat the most according to claim 3 melts landslide assay device, it is characterized in that described see-through model groove, Barricade uses lucite to make；Described adiabator is the rubble simulated by the fluoropolymer particles of thickness 5～15 Layer or polyethylene foam plastics net.

5. frozen soil embankment model heat melts a landslide assay device, it is characterized in that it includes low temperature test room, and low temperature test is indoor It is provided with see-through model groove, is provided with the transparent frozen soil embankment model of simulation embankment in see-through model groove, in transparent frozen soil embankment model Being embedded with temperature sensor, the tailo face of embankment is arranged over the pyrotoxin being arranged on see-through model groove；Lay on tailo face Or not laying adiabator, toe position, tailo face arranges or is not provided with barricade；Outside see-through model groove, with transparent frozen soil road The parallel side of dike model cross section is provided with lasing light emitter, is provided with digital phase with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model cross section Machine, digital camera, temperature sensor are coupled with processing means by data wire；The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to described sharp The axis of light source, the axis of described digital camera is positioned at described see-through model groove with the intersection point of the axis of described lasing light emitter；Swash Light source irradiates the cross section of transparent frozen soil embankment model, digital camera recording laser the source transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to Cross section；

Described transparent frozen soil embankment model use transparent frozen soil material make, described transparent frozen soil it by fluoropolymer, granule Ice and colourless pore liquid through getting the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, consolidation, freezing step formulated, described fluoropolymer, granule Ice is calculated with model size by experimental condition with colourless pore liquid consumption；Described colourless pore liquid is water, described fluorine-containing Polymer is the granule of particle diameter≤0.074, and its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF produced for du pont company 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Particle diameter≤0.074 of described granular ice；Described transparent frozen soil Physical characteristic be: density 1.63 g/³～2.1g/³, severe 16kN/m³～21kN/m³, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3； Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 19 °～22 °, and cohesiveness is 1kPa～3kPa, elastic modelling quantity 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～ 0.3。

Frozen soil embankment model heat the most according to claim 5 melts landslide assay device, it is characterized in that described see-through model groove, Barricade uses lucite to make；Described adiabator is the rubble simulated by the fluoropolymer particles of thickness 5～15 Layer or polyethylene foam plastics net.

7. frozen soil embankment model heat melts a landslide test method, it is characterized in that it includes procedure below:

(1) modeling: make see-through model groove and simulation frozen soil embankment model respectively according to test requirements document and frozen soil embankment moulded dimension Transparent frozen soil embankment model, described transparent frozen soil embankment model uses transparent frozen soil material to make, and pre-buried temperature sensor； Described see-through model groove uses lucite to make；

(2) installing: indoor at low temperature test, transparent frozen soil embankment model is loaded see-through model groove, pyrotoxin is arranged on transparent mould On type groove, it is positioned at above the tailo face of transparent frozen soil embankment model；Outside see-through model groove, transversal with transparent frozen soil embankment model Parallel side, face is provided with lasing light emitter, is provided with digital camera with the vertical side of transparent frozen soil embankment model cross section, digital camera, Temperature sensor is coupled with processing means by data wire；The axis of described digital camera is perpendicular to the axis of described lasing light emitter, The axis of described digital camera is positioned at described see-through model groove with the intersection point of the axis of described lasing light emitter；

(3) test: open lasing light emitter, checks its granule tangent plane lightness being internally formed at transparent frozen soil embankment model, adjusts and swashs Angular, makes tangent plane vertical incidence, by the centre position of transparent frozen soil embankment model longitudinal direction；Open digital camera, adjust Whole digital camera lens so that it is tailo face and the ubac face of transparent frozen soil embankment model can be included；I.e. lasing light emitter irradiates transparent The cross section of frozen soil embankment model, digital camera recording laser source the cross section of the transparent frozen soil embankment model being irradiated to；Root According to experimental design, it is interrupted and opens pyrotoxin, digital camera observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model and freezing, melting loop cycle Under, the thaw slumping process in tailo face, and record data are sent into processing means by data wire；

Process (1) in, described making transparent frozen soil embankment model includes getting the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, freezing step:

The described mould got the raw materials ready as first making simulation embankment model according to test requirements document, further according to experimental condition and die size Size calculates and determines fluoropolymer, granular ice and the consumption of colourless pore liquid；Described fluoropolymer is particle diameter 0.25 ～the granule of 2.0, clean impurity and dry, its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF produced for du pont company 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described granular ice is to be smashed to pieces by the monoblock ice freezed, its particle diameter It is 0.1～0.5；Described colourless pore liquid is water；

Described fluoropolymer particles 0.25≤particle diameter ＜ 0.5 for 10～50,0.5≤particle diameter ＜ 1.0 For 10～50,1.0≤particle diameter ＜ 1.5 for 10～50,1.5≤particle diameter≤2.0 for 10～ 50, by weight, add up to 100；

Described mixture is-6.0 DEG C～-8.0 DEG C of low temperature test indoor, first fluoropolymer particles and granular ice is uniformly stirred Mix, sample processed in point 2～3 loading moulds, and reality is hit in layering；Add water to again in mould, filling fluoropolymer particles and Space between granular ice；

Described evacuation is to utilize vacuum extractor to extract the bubble remained within sample, makes sample reach abundant saturated shape State；

Described freezing, for removing mould after being freezed 48 hours by mould-20 DEG C of cryostates of loading, prepares and is modeled as saturated freezing sand The transparent frozen soil embankment model of embankment, its physical characteristic is: density 1.53 g/³～2.0g/³, severe 15kN/m³~ 20kN/m³, degree of compaction 20～80；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 30 °～31 °, elastic modelling quantity 8MPa～61MPa, Poisson Ratio 0.2～0.4.

Frozen soil embankment model heat the most according to claim 7 melts landslide test method, it is characterized in that process (2) in, tailo Laying adiabator on face, toe position, tailo face arranges barricade；Described adiabator is to be gathered by the fluorine-containing of thickness 5～15 The metalling of polymer beads simulation or polyethylene foam plastics net, described barricade uses lucite to make；Process (3) in, According to experimental design, be interrupted and open pyrotoxin, digital camera observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model freezing, the cycle of melting is followed Under ring, the thaw slumping process in tailo face, and record data are sent into processing means by data wire, inspection handle measure offsets Effect except thaw slumping phenomenon.

9. frozen soil embankment model heat melts a landslide test method, it is characterized in that it includes procedure below:

Process (1) in, described making transparent frozen soil embankment model includes getting the raw materials ready, mixture, evacuation, consolidation, freezing step:

The described mould got the raw materials ready as first making simulation embankment model according to test requirements document, further according to experimental condition and die size Size calculates and determines fluoropolymer, granular ice and the consumption of colourless pore liquid；Described fluoropolymer is particle diameter≤0.074 Granule, clean impurity and also dry, its granule is irregularly shaped, the Teflon AF produced for du pont company 1600, refractive index 1.31, density 2.1g/³～2.3g/³；Described granular ice is to be smashed to pieces by the monoblock ice freezed, its particle diameter ≤0.074㎜；Described colourless pore liquid is water；

Described freezing, for removing mould after being freezed 48 hours by mould-20 DEG C of cryostates of loading, prepares and is modeled as saturated freezing clay The transparent frozen soil embankment model of embankment, its physical characteristic is: density 1.63 g/³～2.1g/³, severe 16kN/m³~ 21kN/m³, degree of consolidation OCR value 0.8～3；Mechanical characteristic is: internal friction angle 19 °～22 °, cohesiveness is 1 kPa～3kPa, bullet Property modulus 5MPa～9MPa, Poisson's ratio 0.2～0.3.

Frozen soil embankment model heat the most according to claim 9 melts landslide test method, it is characterized in that process (2) in, sun Domatic upper laying adiabator, toe position, tailo face arranges barricade；Described adiabator is fluorine-containing by thickness 5～15 The metalling of polymer beads simulation or polyethylene foam plastics net, described barricade uses lucite to make；In process (3) In, according to experimental design, it is interrupted and opens pyrotoxin, digital camera observe and record transparent frozen soil embankment model and freezing, melting week Under phase circulation, the thaw slumping process in tailo face, and record data are sent into processing means by data wire, check handle measure Offset except the effect of thaw slumping phenomenon.