CN102253182A - Method for monitoring expansion and shrinkage deformation of deep soil body under influence of hot and rainy climate - Google Patents
Method for monitoring expansion and shrinkage deformation of deep soil body under influence of hot and rainy climate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring the expansion and shrinkage deformation of a deep soil body under the influence a hot and rainy climate. The method comprises the following steps: A. sample making and sample loading: spreading a silt layer or permeable stones at the bottom of a model groove, performing air drying on the soil sample, smashing, sieving and measuring the water content rate and density, loading the prepared soil samples in a spreading manner in layers, and sealing and standing the model groove to obtain consolidation settlement; B. wetting-drying circular test: leaching the soil samples by utilizing distilled water through a watering pot, and baking the soil samples by utilizing a reflection-type heater; C. data collection: recording each dial gauge reading, the water content rate in the soil body and the temperature in the soil body and the indoor temperature in drying and wetting process; and D. data processing: recording the numeral value of each dial gauge as an initial value of the deformation before the humidification process is implemented, and subtracting the initial value from the recorded dial gauge reading as the deformation value of the soil sample. By utilizing the method provided by the invention, the influence of the external environment on the experimental result is lowered and the reliability of the monitoring result is improved; and the method is simple in operation.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to soil monitoring field in Geotechnical Engineering and the engineering geology, be specifically related to the rainy hot climate influence of a kind of lab simulation monitoring method of different deeps soil body swell-shrinking deformation down.Reduced the influence of external environment, improved the fiduciary level of monitoring result experimental result, simple to operate.
Background technology
Some soil body (as fissured clay, swelled ground, laterite etc.) is responsive especially to climate change, the cyclical variation of inside soil body moisture generation drying and watering cycle under the effect of rainfall and evaporation, inhomogeneous breathing meeting makes the soil body produce the unordered crack of breaking in this process, generate moderate finite deformation, destroy serious building foundation and slope stability.Therefore, study the following soil body swell-shrinking deformation rule of rainy hot climate influence and just seem especially important.
Because the field condition test involves great expense and is subjected to surrounding environment influence remarkable, adopts shop experiment for the research in this field at present more.The expansion of the soil that China's Standard for test methods of earthworks (GB/T 50123-1999) is mentioned and shrinkage test are to use more test method at present, but in this method be that to place diameter be 61.8mm or 79.8mm with soil sample, highly be in the cutting ring of 20mm, the model test of small scale obtains the result and actual conditions have than large deviation like this, the only displacement of soil sample among a small circle in the energy measurement cutting ring of this method simultaneously can't be measured inhomogeneous swell-shrinking deformation.For this reason, the Chen Liang of Hohai University etc. has invented a kind of monitoring method (patent No.: CN200910026062.9) of growth of soil mass crack, though this method has solved monitoring soil body swell-shrinking deformation in the large scale spatial dimension, but only can realize monitoring, can't monitor the distortion that causes by the crack to growth of soil mass crack.The life Tang Dynasty waits at document (the life Tang Dynasty, Shi Bin, Liu Chun, Wang Baojun.Influence the factor and the quantitative test of cohesive soil surface desciccation crack structural form.The water conservancy journal, 2007,38 (10), 1186-1193) soil sample is mixed with the rectangular parallelepiped glass jar that mud is put into 16cm * 16cm * 3cm, put into the dehydration of baking oven freeze-day with constant temperature then, adopt computing machine picture treatment technology to analyze the law of development of clay surface desciccation crack, and then inquired into the dry-shrinkage deformed rule that influenced by it, but this method only is the research to the soil body surface crack, can't obtain the deformation rule of the deep soil body.
As fully visible, unsatisfactory about the shop experiment method of soil body swell-shrinking deformation monitoring at present, for this reason, the monitoring method of the swell-shrinking deformation of the soil body that must a kind of brand-new large scale measurement range of exploitation, the more important thing is, the test method of design should match with drouth rainfall and the basic down generation disease of rainy hot climate actual condition, and test unit should be able to be measured the inhomogeneous swell-shrinking deformation of the deep soil body, and this can be the ground processing of China's southern area and design and Analysis of Slope Stability theoretical foundation and technical support are provided.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide a kind of rainy hot climate influence monitoring method of deep soil body swell-shrinking deformation down of simulating, easy to implement the method, easy and simple to handle, reduced the influence of external environment to experimental result, improved the fiduciary level of monitoring result.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of rainy hot climate influence monitoring method of deep soil body swell-shrinking deformation down of simulating the steps include:
1, sample preparation and dress sample
At first, spread flour sand layer or the permeable stone of thick 0.1m at the model trench bottom; Soil sample is fetched after pulverize air-dry back, cross the 2mm sieve, survey water percentage and density; With wind desiceted soil by the water percentage of natural soil sample and density proportioning good after, in layering paving mode placement model groove; After the model groove fills up, check whether soil body surface is smooth, then with model groove sealing and standing 24 hours; Bury sinker underground at distance soil sample surface 0m, 0.2m, 0.35m place, set up dial gauge on the sinker.
2, wetting-drying test
Distilled water is simulated rainy environment in the mode of leaching to soil sample by watering pot, utilize the reflection-type well heater that soil sample is toasted the simulation hot environment; After the soil body obvious crackle and its water percentage occur and is lower than 10%, think that the primary drying process finishes after each heating; Think that after soil moisture content is greater than 100% humidification finishes after each rainfall.
3, image data
Each dial gauge reading in the record drying and watering cycle process.Utilize the water percentage (10% ~ 100%) and real time temperature (10 ℃ ~ 60 ℃) of probe-type soil moisture instrument and the thermometer observation soil body, utilize thermometer that indoor temperature (10 ℃ ~ 40 ℃) is monitored.
4, deal with data
Implement to note down the initial value of the numerical value of each dial gauge as distortion before humidification or the heating process, each dial gauge reading that after this writes down in the process of the test deducts the deformation values that initial value is soil sample; With the specimen deformation value is ordinate, the degree of depth (being respectively 0m, 0.2m, 0.35m), water percentage (10% ~ 100%), humidification time (10 minutes ~ 60 minutes), heat time heating time (1 day ~ 7 days), cycle index (1 time ~ 5 times) are drawn relation curve for horizontal ordinate, obtain the soil body swell-shrinking deformation situation under different depth, water percentage, humidification time, heat time heating time, the cycle index thus.
A kind of rainy hot climate influence experimental provision of monitoring deep soil body swell-shrinking deformation down of simulating comprises model groove, water receiving stand, watering pot, reflection-type electric heater, first dial gauge, first sinker, it is characterized in that:
Link model groove on the water receiving stand, the model groove have a leaking hole, the water receiving stand both sides are put first respectively and are set up platform, second and set up platform, first and set up the platform top and set up watering pot, second sets up the platform top sets up the reflection-type electric heater.
Be welded with first reinforcing rod, second reinforcing rod, the 3rd reinforcing rod, the 4th reinforcing rod, the 5th reinforcing rod, the 6th reinforcing rod on first support; First mid-stent is provided with screw and screws in mouth.
The first support integral body is placed on model groove top, and fixes with clamping plate.
First dial gauge is set up in the first reinforcing rod bottom, and the gauge rod of first dial gauge is placed on the Upper gasket of first sinker, and first sinker is connected to form by pitman by Upper gasket and lower gasket; Pitman and lower gasket are imbedded in the soil body.
The positional structure relation of second reinforcing rod and second dial gauge and second sinker is with the positional structure relation of first reinforcing rod and first dial gauge and first sinker.
Equally, the structure of the 3rd reinforcing rod and second dial gauge and second sinker, the 4th reinforcing rod and the 4th dial gauge and the 4th sinker, the 5th reinforcing rod and the 5th dial gauge and the 5th sinker, the 6th reinforcing rod and the 6th dial gauge and the 6th sinker is all the same;
The structure of second sinker, the 3rd sinker, the 4th sinker, the 5th sinker, the 6th sinker is all with first sinker.
The one-piece construction of second support and the 3rd support is all with first support, and first support, second support, the 3rd support three screw in a mouthful connection by the screw DRIVE SCREWS;
Described model groove is a steel, and the diameter of bottom leaking hole is 0.2cm, and pitch of holes is 1cm;
Described water receiving stand is high 4cm, the steel vessel of diameter 1.2m.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, this test method is a kind of large scale test, has reduced the size effect between shop experiment and actual condition, and the data result reliability obviously improves.
2, utilize water sprinkler and well heater to implement rainfall and evaporation drying course, carry out the breathing test of the soil body, test condition and drouth rainfall and rainy hot climate basis generation disease actual condition down match, and this method is simple to operate.
3, by burying sinker underground at the zones of different different depth, set up dial gauge thereon and monitor the soil deformation situation, can carry out continuously dynamic monitoring to the inhomogeneous swell-shrinking deformation of inside soil body, reduced artificial and the influence of external environment to testing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the test unit one-piece construction synoptic diagram that deep soil body swell-shrinking deformation is measured in the rainy hot climate influence of a kind of simulation of large scale down;
Fig. 2 is the front view of bottom water receiving stand;
Fig. 3 is a model trench bottom vertical view;
Fig. 4 is the structural map of sinker;
Fig. 5 support front view;
Fig. 6 support vertical view;
Fig. 7 clamping plate organigram;
Position, Fig. 8 monitoring point arrangenent diagram.
Among the figure: 1-model groove; 2a-first support; 2b-second support; 2c-the 3rd support; 3a-first sets up platform; 3b-second sets up platform; The 4-water receiving stand; The 5-watering pot; 6-reflection-type electric heater; 7a-first dial gauge; 7b-second dial gauge; 7c-the 3rd dial gauge; 7d-the 4th dial gauge; 7e-the 5th dial gauge; 7f-the 6th dial gauge; 8a-first sinker; 8b-second sinker; 8c-the 3rd sinker; 8d-the 4th sinker; 8e-the 5th sinker; 8f-the 6th sinker; The 9-leaking hole; The 10a-Upper gasket; The 10b-lower gasket; The 11-pitman; The 12-screw; The 13-screw screws in mouth; 14a-first reinforcing rod; 14b-second reinforcing rod; 14c-the 3rd reinforcing rod; 14d-the 4th reinforcing rod; 14e-the 5th reinforcing rod; 14f-the 6th reinforcing rod; The 15-clamping plate.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:
A kind of rainy hot climate influence monitoring method of deep soil body swell-shrinking deformation down of simulating the steps include:
1, sample preparation and dress sample
Spread the flour sand layer of thick 0.1m before the dress sample in model groove 1 bottom, perhaps replace the flour sand layer with permeable stone.Soil sample is fetched after pulverize air-dry back, cross the 2mm sieve, record water percentage and density.With wind desiceted soil by the water percentage of natural soil sample and density proportioning good after, in layering paving mode placement model groove 1.After model groove 1 is filled, need to check with air-bubble level whether soil body surface is smooth that with model groove 1 sealing and standing 24 hours, it was fixed to make it to obtain preliminary sedimentation then.Need to install simultaneously the sinker (accompanying drawing 4) that is used for monitoring distortion simultaneously at the dress sample, with shown in the accompanying drawing 6, pad 10a top connects dial gauge as accompanying drawing 5 in the position of burying underground, monitoring point, and pad 10b is embedded in inside soil body.The pad 10b depth of burying on the first support 2a is according to soil sample surface 0m; The pad 10b depth of burying on the second support 2b is according to soil sample surface 0.2m; The pad 10b depth of burying on the 3rd support (2c) is according to soil sample surface 0.35m, and each support screws in mouthful 13 connections by screw 12 DRIVE SCREWSs, and is fixed on the model groove 1 with clamping plate 15.Burying underground of sinker must level, otherwise the soil deformation value that obtains can produce certain error.
2, wetting-drying test
The height of watering pot 5 and reflection-type electric heater 6 is simulated rainy environment in the mode of leaching to soil sample by watering pot 5 with distilled water apart from model groove 1 top end surface 20cm, utilizes 6 pairs of soil samples of reflection-type well heater to toast the simulation hot environment.After the soil body obvious crackle and its water percentage occur and is lower than 10%, think that the primary drying process finishes after each heating; Think that after soil moisture content is greater than 100% humidification finishes after each rainfall.For example certain design proposal is: drying and watering cycle is 4 times, heats rainfall more earlier, totally 4 times, is not less than for 1 week each cycling time.
3, image data
Because humidification and dry run can cause the generation and the development of soil mass crack, rimala can be closed and big crack can be expanded in humidification process, rimala can be expanded and big crack can be shunk in dry run, and therefore, drying and wetting can cause the soil body to produce moderate finite deformation.The present invention is that (8a ~ 8f) sets up dial gauge (78a ~ 8f), (reading of 78a ~ 8f) and then obtain the deformation values of the soil body of the dial gauge by the record drying and wetting then thereon by bury sinker underground at diverse location and different depth to the monitoring of soil deformation.Simultaneously in order to study the influence of water percentage and temperature to soil deformation, (need adopt the water percentage (10% ~ 100%) and the real time temperature (10 ℃ ~ 60 ℃) of probe-type soil moisture instrument and the thermometer observation soil body during reading of 78a ~ 8f), utilize thermometer that indoor temperature (10 ℃ ~ 40 ℃) is monitored simultaneously at the record dial gauge.
4, deal with data
Implement to note down the initial value of the numerical value of each dial gauge as distortion before humidification or the heating process, each dial gauge reading that after this writes down in the process of the test deducts the deformation values that initial value is soil sample; With the specimen deformation value is ordinate, the degree of depth (being respectively 0m, 0.2m, 0.35m), water percentage (10% ~ 100%), humidification time (10 minutes ~ 60 minutes), heat time heating time (1 day ~ 7 days), cycle index (1 time ~ 5 times) are drawn relation curve for horizontal ordinate, obtain the soil body swell-shrinking deformation situation under different depth, water percentage, humidification time, heat time heating time, the cycle index thus.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of rainy hot climate influence experimental provision of monitoring deep soil body swell-shrinking deformation down of simulating comprises model groove 1, water receiving stand 4, watering pot 5, reflection-type electric heater 6, the first dial gauge 7a, the first sinker 8a, it is characterized in that:
Be welded with the first reinforcing rod 14a, the second reinforcing rod 14b, the 3rd reinforcing rod 14c, the 4th reinforcing rod 14d, the 5th reinforcing rod 14e, the 6th reinforcing rod 14f on the first support 2a; First support 2a middle part is provided with screw and screws in mouth 13.
The first support 2a integral body is placed on model groove 1 top, and fixing with clamping plate 15.
The first dial gauge 7a is set up in the first reinforcing rod 14a bottom, and the gauge rod of the first dial gauge 7a is placed on the Upper gasket 10a of the first sinker 8a, and the first sinker 8a is connected to form by pitman 11 by Upper gasket 10a and lower gasket 10b; Pitman 11 and lower gasket 10b imbed in the soil body.
The positional structure relation of the second reinforcing rod 14b and the second dial gauge 7b and the second sinker 8a is with the positional structure relation of the first reinforcing rod 14a and the first dial gauge 7a and the first sinker 8a.
Equally, the structure of the 3rd reinforcing rod 14c and the second dial gauge 7c and the second sinker 8c, the 4th reinforcing rod 14d and the 4th dial gauge 7d and the 4th sinker 8d, the 5th reinforcing rod 14e and the 5th dial gauge 7e and the 5th sinker 8e, the 6th reinforcing rod 14f and the 6th dial gauge 7f and the 6th sinker 8f is all the same;
The structure of the second sinker 8b, the 3rd sinker 8c, the 4th sinker 8d, the 5th sinker 8e, the 6th sinker 8f is all with the first sinker 8a.
The one-piece construction of the second support 2b and the 3rd support 2c is all with the first support 2a, and the first support 2a, the second support 2b, the 3rd support 2c three screw in mouthful 13 connections by screw 12 DRIVE SCREWSs.
Described model groove 1 is a steel, and the diameter of bottom leaking hole 9 is 0.2cm, and pitch of holes is 1cm.
Described water receiving stand 4 is high 4cm, the steel vessel of diameter 1.2m.
Claims (1)
1. the monitoring method of deep soil body swell-shrinking deformation under the burning hot and rainy climate effect the steps include:
A, sample preparation and dress sample
At first, soil sample is fetched after pulverize air-dry back, cross the 2mm sieve, survey water percentage and density; Spread flour sand layer or the permeable stone of thick 0.1m at the model trench bottom, then with wind desiceted soil by the water percentage of natural soil sample with the density proportioning good after, in layering paving mode placement model groove; After the model groove fills up, check whether soil body surface is smooth, with model groove sealing and standing 24 hours; Bury sinker underground at distance soil sample surface 0m, 0.2m, 0.35m place, set up dial gauge on the sinker;
B, wetting-drying test
Distilled water is carried out leaching by watering pot (5) to soil sample, and reflection-type well heater (6) toasts soil sample; After the soil body obvious crackle and its water percentage occurred and is lower than 10%, the primary drying process finished after each heating; Soil moisture content finishes greater than 100% back humidification after each rainfall;
C, image data
Each dial gauge reading of record drying and wetting; Record utilizes the water percentage and the temperature of the probe-type soil moisture instrument and the thermometer observation soil body, and record utilizes the indoor temperature of thermometer monitoring simultaneously;
D, deal with data
Implement to note down the initial value of the numerical value of each dial gauge for distortion before humidification or the heating process, each dial gauge reading that writes down in the process of the test deducts the deformation values that initial value is a soil sample; With the specimen deformation value is ordinate, and the degree of depth, water percentage, humidification or heat time heating time, cycle index are that horizontal ordinate is drawn relation curve, obtain the soil body swell-shrinking deformation under different depth, water percentage, humidification or heat time heating time, the cycle index.
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