CN103922853A - Slow-release compound fertilizer for mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings - Google Patents
Slow-release compound fertilizer for mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of the production of fertilizers, and discloses a slow-release compound fertilizer for mechanical transplanting of rice seedlings. An envelop slow-release component of the slow-release compound fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 45-55 parts of resin coated compound fertilizer, 4-10 parts of resin coated diamine, 12-20 parts of resin coated potassium chloride, 10-16 parts of 2-month resin coated urea and 10-16 parts of 3-month resin coated urea. The slow-release compound fertilizer only needs to be applied for one time, the fertilizer supply time is prolonged, and the synchronism of nutrient release and crop nutrient absorption can be realized, so that the release of the fertilizer nutrients can be basically matched with the later-stage nutritional demand of the rice growth. By adopting the slow-release compound fertilizer, the mechanical operation is facilitated, and the labor can be greatly reduced. Compared with a conventional way for applying the fertilizer in multiple times, the compound fertilizer has the advantages that the yield can be increased by about 7.36 percent, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is increased by 33.6 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fertilizer production technology field, be specifically related to a kind of slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting.
Background technology
China is Rice Production big country, and based on national food safety requirements and grain high yield target, in Rice Production, applying quantity of chemical fertilizer constantly increases.Current China Rice Production still be take the straight fertilizers such as urea, carbon ammonium, calcium superphosphate or fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, Repone K as main with fertilizer.Especially nitrogenous fertilizer dissolution rate is fast for this type of fertilizer, and fertilizer efficiency is short, and fertilizer loss is serious, has caused utilization rate of fertilizer on the low side, and environmental pollution is serious.And this class fertilizer need to repeatedly apply fertilizer and could meet the target crop demand in the time of infertility.Along with the development of Mechanization Level and rising steadily of the price of labour power, the common straight fertilizer that need to repeatedly apply fertilizer can not meet the demand of agricultural development.Rice mechanical transplanting technology improves constantly in recent years, but in Rice Production, fertilising mainly still be take and manually repeatedly applied fertilizer as main on a small quantity, and time-consuming taking a lot of work, is unfavorable for mechanized operation, is therefore badly in need of seeking a kind of disposable employed fertilizer of applicable rice mechanical transplanting.
One of top priority of current fertilizer industry is to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, especially utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer technology is one of major measure improving utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, is also the main direction of current chemical fertilizer development.The research of China's slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is started in the seventies in last century, and last century, slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer obtained very fast development in China so far, and started to be applied to agriculture production.The nutrient supply of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer depends on the temperature humidity of thickness and the soil of coating.General membrane wrapping thickness is larger, and fertilizer speed is less; The soil moisture is higher, and fertilizer speed is faster.At membrane wrapping thickness one regularly, nutrient releasing speed and temperature are proportionate.Therefore the fertilizer speed of coated fertilizer can be by controlling the thickness manual control of coating.Yet single a kind of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is under certain edaphic condition, although can extend fertilizer efficiency, fertilizer quantity, speed are asynchronous with crop demand, can not meet the demand of crop growth different times to fertilizer.
The Chinese patent application file of publication number CN103396243A (application number 201310344054.5) discloses disposable employed controlled release fertilizer special for cotton of a kind of whole process and preparation method thereof and application, utilized coated fertilizer and granulated boric fertilizer, zinc fertilizer to carry out composite making, fertilizer nutrient is synchronizeed with cotton nutrient absorption law time of releasing, fertilizer directly burrows and imposes on seedling trophosome bottom when transplanting, omnidistance single fertilization, utilization rate of fertilizer is high.But this fertilizer belongs to fertilizer special for cotton, Rice Cropping density is much larger than cotton, transplant and mostly be mechanize, and field face has water layer while transplanting, and thisly in the burrow method of fertilising of planting site, is not suitable for rice mechanization and operates.The Chinese patent application file of publication number CN102351602A (application number 201110200693.5) discloses four homochronousness nutritious fertilizers and its preparation method and application, having applied resin coated urea, resin dressing Repone K, urea, diamines, Repone K, potassium sulfate, composite fertilizer and some trace elements is prepared from for raw material, having realized fertilizer nutrient discharges and crop alimentary demand basic synchronization, reach minimizing fertilizer application frequency, saved artificial object.But this fertilizer formula composition also mainly be take water soluble quick-acting fertilizer as main, and it is less that coated slow release fertilizer accounts for fertilizer components ratio, is unfavorable for the supply of Later Stage of Rice fertilizer, simultaneously inconvenient rice mechanization fertilising operation.
Summary of the invention
The existing slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer that the object of the invention is to exist for prior art is in fertilizer quantity, speed is asynchronous with crop demand, can not meet the demand of crop growth different times to fertilizer, and the problem such as inconvenient rice mechanization fertilising operation, demand according to rice growth different times to fertilizer, provide a kind of by resin dressing composite fertilizer, resin dressing diamines, resin dressing Repone K and the resin coated urea of different release rates carry out the slow-release compound fertilizer of the composite applicable rice mechanical transplanting making, the nutrient of fertilizer discharges synchronizes with late growth stage of rice nutrient absorption law, fertilising is synchronizeed and is carried out with transplanting, fertilizer is directly with rice shoot 3～5cm place that is manured into soil, to rice shoot without injury, only impose primary tillering fertilizer, later stage is without topdressing, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is high, save labor.
Object of the present invention is implemented by the following technical programs:
For a slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting, the coated slow-release component of described slow-release compound fertilizer comprises resin dressing composite fertilizer, resin dressing diamines, resin dressing Repone K, 2 months resin coated ureas, 3 months resin coated ureas; The mass parts of described each coated slow-release component is as follows:
Preferably, the described slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting comprises the coated slow-release component of following mass parts:
Further preferred, the described slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting comprises the coated slow-release component of following mass parts:
Each coated slow-release component of the present invention is commercially available prod, in nutrient content in mass percent (with nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide) the expression coated slow-release component core core fertilizer of N, P, K.
In described resin dressing composite fertilizer, nitrogen mass percent is 13～16%, phosphorus mass percent is 13～16%, potassium mass percent is 13～16%.
In described resin dressing diamines, nitrogen mass percent is 15～18%, phosphorus mass percent is 40～50%.
In described resin dressing Repone K, potassium mass percent is 54～60%.
Described 2 months resin coated ureas are that nitrogen mass percent 42～46%, nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are the release and release control fertilizer of 50～60 days; Described 3 months resin coated ureas are that nitrogen mass percent 42～46%, nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are the release and release control fertilizer of 80～90 days.
The nutrients ratio of described slow-release compound fertilizer is 1: 0.4～0.7: 0.6～1.2 (to refer to N: P
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O), fertilizer nutrient discharges and synchronizes with late growth stage of rice nutrient absorption law.
The preparation method of the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting of the present invention is according to formula, above-mentioned each coated slow-release component fully to be stirred and mixed to make.
Slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting of the present invention is in the application of rice mechanical transplanting fertilising, and fertilizing method is as follows: the rate of fertilizer application of slow-release compound fertilizer is in amount of nitrogen; Fertilising is synchronizeed and is carried out with rice transplanting, and slow-release compound fertilizer directly, with rice shoot 3～5cm place that is manured into soil, without injury, only imposes primary tillering fertilizer to rice shoot, and the later stage is without topdressing.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
(1), existing Rice Production is mainly to take water soluble quick-acting fertilizer as main, slow-release fertilizer application is also mainly confined to extend time for fertilizer, and do not consider that nutrient discharges the problem of synchronizeing with crop alimentary absorbing rule, slow-release compound fertilizer of the present invention has not only been accomplished prolongation time for fertilizer, and realized nutrient and discharge and to synchronize with late growth stage of rice dietetic alimentation, accomplished that the release of fertilizer nutrient and late growth stage of rice nutritional needs are substantially identical.
(2), mechanized operation, reduce fertilizer application frequency, greatly save artificial.In being manured into soil with machinery is disposable when Chemical Mixed Fertilizer of the present invention is rice transplanting, fertilising is synchronizeed with transplanting, fertilizer efficiency is long, single-dose application can meet the demand of late growth stage of rice to nutrition, only need impose primary tillering fertilizer, reduce fertilizer application frequency 2-3 time, greatly saved fertilising cost of labor, improved economic benefit.
(3), the present invention increased rice yield greatly, improved utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Repeatedly apply fertilizer and compare on a small quantity with routine, slow-release compound fertilizer of the present invention is than conventional fertilizer application technology volume increase 7.36%, and utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 33.6%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 Nitrogen in Rice absorption curve and the present invention are for the slow-release compound fertilizer nitrogen release profiles of rice mechanical transplanting.
Embodiment
By embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described further below.
The applicant carries out field experiment on Huanghai Sea farm with slow-release compound fertilizer of the present invention in 2013, and the conventional water soluble quick-acting fertilizer of take is manually repeatedly used as reference examples.
1, test kind: river in Zhejiang Province excellent 2650
2, fertilising scheme:
Embodiment: in slow-release compound fertilizer, the mass parts of each coated slow-release component is as follows:
Numerical value in each component bracket is the common sign of fertilizer center core fertilizer nutrient content above, and the mass percent of N, P, K is (with N, P
2o
5, K
2o meter); Above 2 months, 3 months resin coated ureas refer to that nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are respectively the release and release control fertilizer of 50～60 days, 80～90 days.
The nutrients ratio of the present embodiment slow-release compound fertilizer is (to refer to N: P at 1: 0.5: 0.8
2o
5: K
2the mass ratio of O), rate of fertilizer application is in amount of nitrogen, total amount of nitrogen 15kg/ mu.Fertilization mode is: with slow-release compound fertilizer, make base manure application well pass PZP-80 pot seedling transplanting machine and transplant and synchronize the every mu of disposable 12kg of applying nitrogen in soil 3～5cm place with rice seedling, transplant after one week every mu and manually impose 3kg nitrogen, be every mu of 6.5 kilograms of urea (nitrogen mass percents 46% in urea, there is sale in northern Suzhou fertilizer company limited).
Reference examples: rice seedling is transplanted and to be made base manure with composite fertilizer the day before yesterday and manually apply; after transplanting, within one week, with urea, doing tillering fertilizer manually applies; again in fall 4 leaves, fell for 2 leaf phases and manually impose respectively urea as short fertilizers for potted flowers, guarantor's fertilizers for potted flowers; the ratio base manure of four fertilising amount of nitrogens: tillering fertilizer: short fertilizers for potted flowers: protect fertilizers for potted flowers=3: 1.5: 2: 1, total amount of nitrogen was 15kg/ mu.Reference examples is all manually to spread fertilizer over the fields, and imposes on soil surface.
Composite fertilizer, urea are commercially available prod, are conventional water soluble quick-acting fertilizer.Composite fertilizer nutrient content N: P
2o
5: K
2o=15: 15: 15, total nutrient>=45%, there is sale in Jiangsu Hengfeng chemical fertilizer Group Co.,Ltd; Nitrogen mass percent 46% in urea, there is sale in northern Suzhou fertilizer company limited.
When embodiment and reference examples are set, the not space management of fertilise is set.
3, test-results is measured: in the ripening stage, get at random 5 points, each is put continuous 20 caves and looks into seedling, record number of productive ear, repeat for 3 times, calculate full field number of productive ear, calculate average every cave number of productive ear, by average every cave number of productive ear, getting 3 caves merges as a sample, embodiment and reference examples are respectively got 3 increments, and grain number per spike, setting percentage, the thousand seed weight of every duplicate samples is measured in species test, calculate output.
Biomass estimation: reference examples and embodiment respectively get 3 strains as a sample, repeats for 3 times, and fringe portion is separated with stem stalk, at 105 ℃ of 30min that complete, then dries to constant weight at 70 ℃, weighs, and obtains the total dry matter of fringe portion dry matter and cauline leaf.
N content of crop tissue is measured: each sample processed after drying is pulverized respectively, and Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, obtains fringe portion nitrogen content and cauline leaf total nitrogen content.
Calculation formula: output=number of productive ear * grain number per spike * setting percentage * thousand seed weight
Nitrogen content * fringe portion of the total dry matter+fringe of amount of nitrogen sucking=cauline leaf total nitrogen content * cauline leaf portion dry matter
Nitrogen absorption and utilization rate RE (%)=(amount of nitrogen sucking-clear area, Shi Dan district amount of nitrogen)/amount of nitrogen * 100%
Test-results is shown in Table 1.
The impact of table 1 slow-release compound fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen absorption and utilization rate
Investigate slow-release compound fertilizer nitrogen release rate and Nitrogen in Rice and absorb (seeing Fig. 1).
Slow-release compound fertilizer nitrogen release profiles is obtained by experimental determination, concrete grammar is: take the about 10g of controlled release coated carbamide (being accurate to 0.01g), put into little mesh bag, sealed, be placed in 250mL vial, injected 200mL water, after sealing, in the incubator of 25 ℃, cultivate, be 3d, 7d, 14d, 21d, 28d, 42d, 52d, 68d, 82d, 89d, 96d, 103d sample time, measures total nitrogen content, calculates Nitrogen Accumulation release rate.
Nitrogen in Rice absorption curve is obtained by field sampling and measuring, concrete grammar: after transplanting 0,10d, 20d, 30d, 40d, 50d, 87d get plant sample and measure Nitrogen Absorption amount, calculate each Nitrogen Absorption in period and account for the per-cent of integral dose.
Comprehensive the above results shows, transplant and impose primary tillering fertilizer after 7 days, supply paddy rice in earlier stage tillers the absorption to nitrogen nutrient occurs, and slow-release compound fertilizer nitrogen starts a large amount of release for 40 to 80 days after applying, just can meet the demand to nitrogen after rice plant of tillering stage, reduce the later stage ear manuer number of times that topdresses.Repeatedly apply fertilizer and compare on a small quantity with reference examples routine, disposable employed slow-release compound fertilizer, the nutritional needs of the late growth stage of rice that can coincide well, realizes synchronous nutrient, and paddy rice has higher output and amount of nitrogen sucking, and has higher nitrogen absorption and utilization rate.Compare with reference examples conventional fertilizer application technology, use the increasing production of rice 7.36% of slow-release compound fertilizer, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 33.6%.Illustrate that slow-release compound fertilizer not only simplified conventional fertilizer application technology, greatly saved the labor force of fertilization of rice, and can also guarantee rice high yield, effectively improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduced the waste of fertilizer, reduced the risk of environmental pollution.
Claims (7)
1. for a slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting, it is characterized in that the coated slow-release component of described slow-release compound fertilizer comprises resin dressing composite fertilizer, resin dressing diamines, resin dressing Repone K, 2 months resin coated ureas, 3 months resin coated ureas; The mass parts of described each coated slow-release component is as follows:
2. the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting according to claim 1, is characterized in that the described coated slow-release component that comprises following mass parts for the slow-release compound fertilizer of rice mechanical transplanting:
3. the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting according to claim 2, is characterized in that the described coated slow-release component that comprises following mass parts for the slow-release compound fertilizer of rice mechanical transplanting:
4. according to the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that in described resin dressing composite fertilizer that nitrogen mass percent is 13～16%, phosphorus mass percent is 13～16%, potassium mass percent is 13～16%;
In described resin dressing diamines, nitrogen mass percent is 15～18%, phosphorus mass percent is 40～50%;
In described resin dressing Repone K, potassium mass percent is 54～60%.
5. according to the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting described in claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that described 2 months resin coated ureas are that nitrogen mass percent 42～46%, nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are the release and release control fertilizer of 50～60 days; Described 3 months resin coated ureas are that nitrogen mass percent 42～46%, nutrient supply phase or fertilizer efficiency period are the release and release control fertilizer of 80～90 days.
6. the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting claimed in claim 1 is in the application of rice mechanical transplanting fertilising.
7. the slow-release compound fertilizer for rice mechanical transplanting according to claim 6, in the application of rice mechanical transplanting fertilising, is characterized in that fertilizing method is: fertilising is synchronizeed and carried out with rice transplanting, and slow-release compound fertilizer is with rice shoot 3～5cm place that is manured into soil.
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| CN105294364A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-02-03 | 山东茂施生态肥料有限公司 | Novel controlled-release rice topdressing composition and preparation method thereof |
| CN105379490A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-09 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Ear-controlling, grain-increasing and seed-toughening efficient fertilization method of large-ear type ultrahigh-yield rice variety |
| CN108440054A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-24 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof suitable for rice single fertilization |
| CN108739168A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 湖南农业大学 | The method applied Controlled Release Fertilizer and improve late rice yield is synchronized by the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108739169A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 湖南农业大学 | The method applied Controlled Release Fertilizer and reduce the loss of early rice nitrogen nutrient is synchronized by the machine transplanting of rice |
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| CN112028699A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-mixing fertilizer applicable to one-time rice transplanting fertilization technology in saline-alkali soil |
| CN112119727A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2020-12-25 | 扬州大学 | Method for applying nitrogen to mechanically-transplanted rice in whole growth period by one-time formula |
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| CN105379490A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-09 | 湖南省水稻研究所 | Ear-controlling, grain-increasing and seed-toughening efficient fertilization method of large-ear type ultrahigh-yield rice variety |
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| CN108440054A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-08-24 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof suitable for rice single fertilization |
| CN108739168A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 湖南农业大学 | The method applied Controlled Release Fertilizer and improve late rice yield is synchronized by the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN108739169A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-06 | 湖南农业大学 | The method applied Controlled Release Fertilizer and reduce the loss of early rice nitrogen nutrient is synchronized by the machine transplanting of rice |
| CN111995457A (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2020-11-27 | 南京农业大学 | Rice machine-transplanting slow-mixing one-time fertilization method |
| CN111771498A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-16 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Machine-transplanting side deep fertilization method for double cropping rice |
| CN111771498B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-03-08 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Machine-transplanting side deep fertilization method for double cropping rice |
| CN111978127A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-11-24 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for rice machine-transplanting one-time fertilization technology of medium-high fertility soil |
| CN112028699A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-12-04 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-mixing fertilizer applicable to one-time rice transplanting fertilization technology in saline-alkali soil |
| CN111978127B (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2022-06-24 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for rice machine-transplanting one-time fertilization technology of medium-high fertility soil |
| CN112225625A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2021-01-15 | 苏建平 | Special controlled-release fertilizer for conventional japonica rice, and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112119727A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2020-12-25 | 扬州大学 | Method for applying nitrogen to mechanically-transplanted rice in whole growth period by one-time formula |
| CN112119727B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-04-22 | 扬州大学 | Method for applying nitrogen to mechanically-transplanted rice in whole growth period by one-time formula |
| WO2023115323A1 (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
| GB2616332A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2023-09-06 | Jiangsu Acad Agricultural Sci | One-step fertilization and industrial seedling raising method for rice |
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