CN103915685B - A kind of four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) - Google Patents
A kind of four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB), comprise substrate, the doublet unit of four both arms type altogether, four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures and four microstrip type feed lines, feed is carried out by microstrip circuit, by introducing ground profile of tooth minor matters, mutual coupling between the coupling of antenna radiation unit and radiating element is improved, the bandwidth achieving 51% in an embodiment covers (2.30GHz-3.80GHz), and the mutual coupling in full frequency band between radiating element is less than-10dB, by the reflex of profile of tooth minor matters, the antenna pattern of antenna radiation unit is orientation works characteristic, effectively reduce the correlation between radiating element directional diagram, improve the space diversity gain of antenna, this design size is small and exquisite, be with wide, and based on traditional printed circuit board technology, cheap, can be applied in well in the small sized wide-band Wireless Telecom Equipment adopting MIMO technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna technical field, particularly a kind of four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB).
Background technology
In recent years, wireless access technology achieves fast development, and the bandwidth of abundant Internet resources to wireless access technology proposes new requirement.Due to the restriction of frequency spectrum planning and the extensive existence of rich multipath access environment, under existing frequency resource and time resource, how to improve the capacity of channel, become the focus of research.In this context, MIMO technology is arisen at the historic moment, it proposes the concept utilizing spatial domain resource on existing frequency-domain and time-domain resource, utilize multiple transmission/reception antennas of transmitter and receiver, in space, in especially rich multi-path environment, form multiple effective transmission channel, thus under the prerequisite of frequency-domain and time-domain resource outside not occupying volume, increase exponentially the speed of radio communication.Have benefited from the performance of its excellence, MIMO technology widespread deployment in the wireless communication techniques such as 3G, 4G, and many emerging wireless access technologys, as 802.11 standards and WiMax standard etc., also list MIMO technology wherein in.
Consider that the validity of mimo system largely depends on the radio channel characteristic in space, the performance of design to mimo system of mimo antenna plays vital effect.The evaluation criterion of mimo antenna mainly comprises size, the unit number of mimo antenna, bandwidth, mutual coupling, gain, pattern characteristics etc.Traditional mimo antenna is met the tendency in environment such as radio communication base stations more, and its physical size is not limited, therefore, various ways can be adopted to expand bandwidth, increases gain, reduces mutual coupling between antenna element, improves the performance of mimo antenna.But along with MIMO technology is progressively applied on 802.11 and WiMax wireless terminal, it is miniaturized, and broadband trend, has higher requirement to the design of mimo antenna.On the one hand, people wish to use more antenna element in these terminals, to improve the diversity gain of system, on the other hand, people wish again in limited equipment volume, obtain the channel relevancy that wider bandwidth sum is lower, to improve the performance of mimo system.Consider that these characteristics mutually restrict in Antenna Design, shifting, how at low-cross coupling, under the low relevant prerequisite of antenna pattern, realize the miniaturization of antenna, broadband, become mimo system design and the new challenge of of Antenna Design field.
In order to arrange lower more antenna element in a limited space, the size of antenna radiation unit must carry out miniaturization, and conventional technology comprises the material of use high dielectric constant as base material, or uses fold line to antenna element, the means such as folding line.But the former fabrication processing is complicated, cost higher being unfavorable for is popularized, and the latter can bring loss to antenna gain and efficiency, can produce negative effect to the bandwidth of antenna element simultaneously.In bandwidth broadning, common implementation has merging mode of resonance, introduces Meta Materials, and adopts ultra broadband unit etc.But these modes generally need the size comparable with wavelength to realize, in the mimo antenna of small-sized many radiating elements, apply comparatively difficulty.It should be noted that the performance of mimo system is closely related with being coupled between antenna radiation unit, the miniaturized and broadband meeting of mimo antenna improves the coupling between antenna radiation unit further.Traditional decoupling zero mode, as adopted Decoupling network, or introducing the mode of chokes branch, choke groove, processing often for a frequency, be difficult to application under wide bandwidth.And if adopt the unit with orthogonal modes as the radiating element of antenna, as the combination of slot antenna and monopole antenna, although comparatively ideal mutual coupling characteristic can be obtained, the radiation characteristic of antenna can be caused inconsistent, directional diagram and gain characteristic undesirable.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB), this antenna is square structure, have employed the dipole of the both arms type altogether with broadband radiation characteristic as radiating element, four radiating elements be the arrangement of 90 degree of Rotational Symmetry formulas on a printed circuit, and carry out feed by microstrip line, because four radiating elements are for design altogether, under small size, achieve the matched well of low frequency, simultaneously, the design of both arms type dipole altogether effectively avoids conversion required in imbalance (microstrip line) to balance (dipole), further reduce the size needed for antenna.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Based on four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth of printed circuit board (PCB), comprising:
Substrate 1 is double-sided printed-circuit board;
Be engraved in the metal ground 5 of the disc-shaped of substrate 1 reverse side 12 core;
Be engraved in substrate 1 reverse side 12 and be connected to the doublet unit 2 of rotational symmetric four both arms type altogether on metal ground 5;
Be engraved in substrate 1 reverse side 12 and be connected to rotational symmetric four the profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 on metal ground 5, each doublet unit 2 is spaced apart with each profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3;
Be engraved in four microstrip type feed lines 4 on the front 11 of substrate 1 metal material, microstrip type feed line 4 is corresponding in vertical direction with doublet unit 2, and four exhausting holes 6 substrate 1 had for connecting the two, have four feed through holes 7 for connecting microstrip type feed line 4 and peripheral feeder cable in the centre of substrate 1 simultaneously, to make after radiofrequency signal is by feed through hole 7 feed-in microstrip type feed line 4, gap between the both arms striding across doublet unit 2 along microstrip type feed line 4 arrives through hole 6, and radiation current has been encouraged on the both arms of doublet unit 2, form radiation.
Adopt this design to carry out feed, the balance of electric current on doublet unit 2 can be ensured, and without the need to extra imbalance to balance transformational structure; Meanwhile, input impedance also can be regulated by the live width line length of microstrip type feed line 4.
Described four doublet units 2, four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 and four microstrip type feed lines 4 are all in 90 degree of Rotational Symmetries.
Described four doublet units 2 point to 0 degree, 90 degree respectively, 180 degree and 270 degree; Four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 point to 45 degree, 135 degree, 225 degree and 315 degree respectively.Now, the antenna pattern of four doublet unit 2 generations points to 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree respectively.
Described substrate 1 is square, each doublet unit 2 is made up of the metal arm of the consistent L shape of two specifications, every strip metal arm is all connected with metal ground 5, and has center slot between two metal arms on connection metal ground 5, and two metal arms of doublet unit 2 are symmetrical about this center slot.
Described profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 is the banded structure with an oblong openings, and outwardly, the other end is connected with metal ground 5 open at one end of banded structure.
Profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 triple roles: the first, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 has expanded the size on metal ground 5, improves the matching properties of the low frequency of antenna; The second, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 hinders the coupled component derived from space, and can control the coupled component derived from metal ground 5, thus reaches the effect of the mutual coupling reduced between unit; 3rd, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 pairs of galactic cosmic rays serve certain reflex, make the antenna pattern of the both arms doublet unit 2 of type altogether present directed feature.
In specific implementation process, every size of substrate 1, doublet unit 2, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3, microstrip type feed line 4, comprise that thickness, dielectric constant, live width, line length, the facewidth, tooth are long, position can regulate flexibly, these parameters will be used for the elimination be coupled between the coupling of antenna impedance and antenna element.After being optimized design, this antenna will present small size, the operating characteristic of wide bandwidth and directed radiation.
Compared with prior art, antenna of the present invention have employed there is broadband radiation characteristic both arms altogether type dipole as radiating element, and adopt micro-band to carry out feed, on antenna structure, four antenna radiation units of this mimo antenna are the distribution of Rotational Symmetry formula, and with a unit for reference, four unit point to 0 degree respectively, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree.In order to alleviate the strong mutual coupling brought by compact arrangement radiating element, the present invention has stretched out profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches in the ground between two unit.These twelve Earthly Branches effectively hinder the Space Coupling between adjacent radiation unit on the one hand, on the other hand, increase the size on antenna metal ground, improve the matching properties of antenna.And the tooth-shape structure on twelve Earthly Branches, the effective coupling suppressed from antenna metal ground, and improve the coupling of antenna at HFS further.Simultaneously, the radiation field of this twelve Earthly Branches structure to space serves the effect of reflection, and the antenna pattern of antenna element is alignment features at whole working frequency range, and wave beam has rotational symmetry, the space diversity gain of effective raising antenna, reduces the correlation of directional diagram between radiating element.In an embodiment, the size of this four element antenna is only 0.29 λ × 0.29 λ, and bandwidth covering reaches 2.30GHz-3.80GHz, cover the 2.30-2.36GHz in WiMAX standard, the 2.40-2.48GHz frequency range in 2.50-2.90GHz and 3.30-3.80GHz tri-frequency bands and 802.11 standards.Meanwhile, the mutual coupling between antenna element is less than-10dB at whole bandwidth range, and has low relevant, directed radiation characteristic.This design size is small and exquisite, and structure is simple, and be with wide, cost is low, can well be integrated in the small-sized wireless communication equipment using MIMO technology.In manufacture craft, present invention employs traditional double-sided printed-circuit board technique, cheap.Demand small size can well be applied to, the MIMO terminal equipment of wide bandwidth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is two-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention, comprising (a) front, and (b) side and visual angle, (c) back side.
Fig. 3 is one embodiment of the present of invention, comprising (a) front, and the concrete size at (b) side and visual angle, (c) back side.This specific embodiment is applied to the WiMAX adopting MIMO technology, 802.11 radio reception devices.
Fig. 4 is (a) S parameter of this Antenna Design under this specific embodiment and (b-e) pattern characteristics of four frequencies.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of four unit mimo antenna based on printed circuit board (PCB), there is small size, the good characteristic such as wide bandwidth and directed radiation.According to design signal, give one in execution mode and cover WiMAX standard volume three (2.30-2.36GHz frequently, 2.50-2.90GHz and 3.30-3.80GHz) and and the specific design example of single-frequency (2.40-2.48GHz) wireless access mimo antenna of 802.11 standards, be explained below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Consult Fig. 1, Fig. 2, this mimo antenna is based on the substrate 1 of double-sided printed-circuit board technique, its front 11 is metal material, be carved with four in 90 degree rotational symmetric microstrip type feed lines 4, reverse side 12 core is 5, four both arms doublet unit 2 of type and four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 altogether with being carved with the metal of disc-shaped.Four doublet units 2 and four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures 3 all in 90 degree of Rotational Symmetries, and are all connected on metal ground 5, and each doublet unit 2 is spaced apart with each profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3.Adopting the via process of printed circuit board (PCB) in substrate 1, having reserved four exhausting holes 6 for connecting microstrip type feed line 4 and doublet unit 2, and for connecting four feed through holes 7 of microstrip type feed line 4 and peripheral feeder cable.Through hole 6 is positioned at the edge of substrate 1, and connect the far-end of microstrip type feed line 4 and the far-end of doublet unit 2, feed through hole 7 is positioned at the centre of substrate 1, connects the near-end of microstrip type feed line 4 and the near-end of doublet unit 2.Each doublet unit 2 is made up of the metal arm of the consistent L shape of two specifications, every strip metal arm is all connected on metal ground 5, this link is " near-end of doublet unit 2 ", and has center slot between two arms on connection metal ground 5, and two metal arms are symmetrical about this center slot.By this feed structure, when feed, microwave signal passes through feed through hole 7 feed-in microstrip type feed line 4 by coaxial line, stride across the center slot between doublet unit 2 both arms, arrive through hole 6, and encouraged radiation current on two doublet units 2, form radiation.Adopt this design to carry out feed, the balance of electric current on doublet unit 2 can be ensured, and without the need to extra imbalance to balance transformational structure, reduce the size of antenna.Meanwhile, the impedance matching of input port is undertaken by regulating the live width line length of microstrip type feed line 4, to be applicable to different feed-in impedances.
In the design, the lifting of profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 pairs of antenna performances serves crucial effect, and this structure is between every two doublet units 2, and profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 is the banded structure with an oblong openings, outwardly, the other end is connected with metal ground 5 open at one end of banded structure.Profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 has expanded the size on metal ground 5, improves the matching properties of doublet unit 2.Meanwhile, the existence of profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3, makes the space between adjacent radiation unit define blocking-up, effectively controls the mutual coupling between radiating element.In addition, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure 3 can be formed the spatial of radiation field with metal ground 5 and hinder, thus makes the antenna pattern of the both arms doublet unit 2 of type altogether present the feature of orientation, reduces the correlation between adjacent cells antenna pattern.
Fig. 3 gives the detailed design of this antenna.Wherein Fig. 3 (a) gives the relative dimensions parameter of the microstrip type feed line 4 in substrate 1 front 11, unit is millimeter (mm), Fig. 3 (b) gives the relevant parameter such as thickness and size of substrate 1, Fig. 3 (c) gives the doublet unit 2 of the type altogether of both arms on substrate 1 back side 12, disc metal ground 5, and the relative dimensions parameter of four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches 3.Substrate 1 is based on FR-4 medium, and electric medium constant 4.4, loss angle 0.03, overall dimensions is only 38mm × 38mm × 2mm(0.29 λ × 0.29 λ × 0.02 λ).The S parameter characteristic of the embodiment of this parameter designing is adopted to be provided by Fig. 4 (a), can see, (2.30-2.36GHz in three frequency bands of WiMAX standard, 2.50-2.90GHz and 3.30-3.80GHz), and 802.11 standard a frequency band in (2.40-2.48GHz), the reflection coefficient S of antenna
11<-10dB, with the mutual coupling S of adjacent radiation unit
14and S
12<-10dB, with the mutual coupling S of relative radiation unit
13<-15dB.
In addition, this antenna S
11the actual of <-10dB bandwidth is covered as 51%(2.30-3.80GHz), in band, inter-element mutual coupling closes and is less than-10dB, excellent performance.Fig. 4 (b-e) gives the antenna pattern (directional diagram cross section be electric field magnitude largest face, i.e. E face) of single unit at four different frequent points, and these frequencies are the centre frequency of above-mentioned four frequency ranges.Can see, at each frequency, the directional diagram of radiating element is all directional beam, and average gain is 2.12dBi, and maximum gain is 2.65dBi.Because unit has rotational symmetry, its antenna pattern also has rotational symmetry.With one of them directional diagram as a reference, the pointing direction of four direction figure is respectively 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree, 270 degree.Have benefited from it miniaturized, the characteristic of wide bandwidth, this mimo antenna is highly suitable for the small sized wide-band radio reception device adopting MIMO technology.
In sum, the invention provides a kind of four unit mimo antenna designs based on conventional print-circuit board technique.This design carries out feed by the doublet unit of microstrip line to the type altogether of the both arms with broadband radiation characteristic, and introduce profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure, for improving the coupling of radiating element, the mutual coupling reduced between radiating element is closed, obtain wide bandwidth, the characteristic of low-cross coupling.Meanwhile, profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure can reflect the space radiation of field, and the antenna pattern of unit presents the feature of directed radiation in whole bandwidth of operation.Because the arrangement of Unit four of this antenna have employed rotational symmetry structure, the radiation characteristic of each antenna is identical, and wave beam has rotational symmetry.Comprehensive, the design of this Unit four mimo antenna achieves wide bandwidth, low-cross coupling, the excellent specific property of directed radiation under small size.
Claims (4)
1., based on four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth of printed circuit board (PCB), it is characterized in that, comprising:
Substrate (1) is double-sided printed-circuit board;
Be engraved in metal ground (5) of the disc-shaped of substrate (1) reverse side (12) core;
Be engraved in substrate (1) reverse side (12) and the doublet unit (2) of rotational symmetric four both arms with being connected to metal on (5) type altogether;
Be engraved in substrate (1) reverse side (12) and rotational symmetric four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures (3) with being connected to metal on (5), each doublet unit (2) is spaced apart with each profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure (3), described profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structure (3) is the banded structure with an oblong openings, outwardly, the other end is connected with metal ground (5) open at one end of banded structure;
Be engraved in four microstrip type feed lines (4) on the front (11) of substrate (1) metal material, microstrip type feed line (4) is corresponding in vertical direction with doublet unit (2), and four exhausting holes (6) substrate (1) had for connecting the two, have four feed through holes (7) for connecting microstrip type feed line (4) and peripheral feeder cable in the centre of substrate (1) simultaneously, to make after radiofrequency signal is by feed through hole (7) feed-in microstrip type feed line (4), gap between the both arms striding across doublet unit (2) along microstrip type feed line (4) arrives through hole (6), and radiation current has been encouraged on the both arms of doublet unit (2), form radiation.
2. four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described four doublet units (2), four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures (3) and four microstrip type feed lines (4) are all in 90 degree of Rotational Symmetries.
3. four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described four doublet units (2) point to 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree respectively; Four profile of tooth twelve Earthly Branches structures (3) point to 45 degree, 135 degree respectively, 225 degree and 315 degree.
4. four unit mimo antenna of the small size wide bandwidth based on printed circuit board (PCB) according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described substrate (1) is square, each doublet unit (2) is made up of the metal arm of the consistent L shape of two specifications, every strip metal arm is all connected with metal ground (5), and having center slot between two metal arms of connection metal ground (5), two metal arms of doublet unit (2) are symmetrical about this center slot.
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